'n Evalueering van die implementering van die graad 9 natuurwetenskapkurrikulum in skole in die Noord-Kaap Provinsie
- Van Schalkwyk, Daniël Jacobus
- Authors: Van Schalkwyk, Daniël Jacobus
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Curriculum evaluation -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Biology -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:9577 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019685
- Description: Curriculum 2005 was originally implemented in grade 1 in 1998. In 2002 it was implemented in grade 9. Similar problems and questions, which arose during the initial implementation, arose again during the implementation in grade 9. Implementation gave rise to many questions and uncertainties. Only in October 2001 was it finally decided to implement the curriculum for grade 9 in 2002. The result was that publishers, the national as well as provincial education departments as well as schools were not ready for the implementation in January 2002. This treatise aims to determine the amount of support offered to educators and the degree of uncertainty still being experienced by them. Information regarding these unnecertainties and problems has been obtained from educators by means of questionnaires, circulated to 38 schools in the Northern Cape Province, offering Natural Science. This sampling of schools is representative of schools offering Natural Science in the region. Data regarding the uncertainties from educators have been obtained from the SOC (Stages of Concern) questionnaires of Hall, George and Rutherford. The rest of the questionnaire concerned the biographical information regarding the educators as well as the support that educators have received during the implementation of the learning area. It emerged from the questionnaire that educators understand the importance of a new Natural Science curriculum for SA. They are however sceptical regarding the hasty manner in which the learning area was implemented; the fact that no textbooks or educational teaching aids were available prior to implementation was of concern. Educators are similarly concerned about the inadequate training prior to implementation and lack of support during implementation. Educators are also concerned about the administrative liability that the new curriculum will bring about.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Van Schalkwyk, Daniël Jacobus
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Curriculum evaluation -- South Africa -- Northern Cape , Biology -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Northern Cape
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:9577 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019685
- Description: Curriculum 2005 was originally implemented in grade 1 in 1998. In 2002 it was implemented in grade 9. Similar problems and questions, which arose during the initial implementation, arose again during the implementation in grade 9. Implementation gave rise to many questions and uncertainties. Only in October 2001 was it finally decided to implement the curriculum for grade 9 in 2002. The result was that publishers, the national as well as provincial education departments as well as schools were not ready for the implementation in January 2002. This treatise aims to determine the amount of support offered to educators and the degree of uncertainty still being experienced by them. Information regarding these unnecertainties and problems has been obtained from educators by means of questionnaires, circulated to 38 schools in the Northern Cape Province, offering Natural Science. This sampling of schools is representative of schools offering Natural Science in the region. Data regarding the uncertainties from educators have been obtained from the SOC (Stages of Concern) questionnaires of Hall, George and Rutherford. The rest of the questionnaire concerned the biographical information regarding the educators as well as the support that educators have received during the implementation of the learning area. It emerged from the questionnaire that educators understand the importance of a new Natural Science curriculum for SA. They are however sceptical regarding the hasty manner in which the learning area was implemented; the fact that no textbooks or educational teaching aids were available prior to implementation was of concern. Educators are similarly concerned about the inadequate training prior to implementation and lack of support during implementation. Educators are also concerned about the administrative liability that the new curriculum will bring about.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A comparison framework for server virtualisation systems a case study
- Authors: Van Tonder, Martin Stephen
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Virtual computer systems -- South Africa Case studies , Virtual storage (Computer science) -- South Africa Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10481 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/439 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012009 , Virtual computer systems -- South Africa Case studies , Virtual storage (Computer science) -- South Africa Case studies
- Description: Recent years have seen a revival of interest in virtualisation research. Although this term has been used to refer to various systems, the focus of this research is on systems which partition a single physical server into multiple virtual servers. It is difficult for researchers and practitioners to get a clear picture of the state of the art in server virtualisation. This is due in part to the large number of systems available. Another reason is that information about virtualisation systems lacks structure, and is dispersed among multiple sources. Practitioners, such as data centre managers and systems administrators, may be familiar with virtualisation systems from a specific vendor, but generally lack a broader view of the field. This makes it difficult to make informed decisions when selecting these systems. Researchers and vendors who are developing virtualisation systems also lack a standard framework for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of their systems, compared to competing systems. It is also time-consuming for researchers who are new to the field to learn about current virtualisation systems. The purpose of this research was to develop a framework to solve these problems. The objectives of the research correspond to the applications of the framework. These include conducting comparative evaluations of server virtualisation systems, identifying strengths and weaknesses of particular virtualisation systems, specifying virtualisation system requirements to facilitate system selection, and gathering information about current virtualisation systems in a structured form. These four objectives were satisfied. The design of this framework was also guided by six framework design principles. These principles, or secondary objectives, were also met. The framework was developed based on an extensive literature study of data centres, virtualisation and current virtualisation systems. Criteria were selected through an inductive process. The feasibility of conducting evaluations using the framework was demonstrated by means of literature-based evaluations, and a practical case study. The use of the framework to facilitate virtualisation system selection was also demonstrated by means of a case study featuring the NMMU Telkom CoE data centre. This framework has a number of practical applications, ranging from the facilitation of decision-making to identifying areas for improvement in current virtualisation systems. The information resulting from evaluations using the framework is also a valuable resource for researchers who are new to the field. The literature study which forms the theoretical foundation of this work is particularly useful in this regard. A future extension to this work would be to develop a decision support system based on the framework. Another possibility is to make the framework, and evaluations, available on-line as a resource for data center managers, vendors and researchers. This would also enable other researchers to provide additional feedback, enabling the framework to be further refined
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Van Tonder, Martin Stephen
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Virtual computer systems -- South Africa Case studies , Virtual storage (Computer science) -- South Africa Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10481 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/439 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012009 , Virtual computer systems -- South Africa Case studies , Virtual storage (Computer science) -- South Africa Case studies
- Description: Recent years have seen a revival of interest in virtualisation research. Although this term has been used to refer to various systems, the focus of this research is on systems which partition a single physical server into multiple virtual servers. It is difficult for researchers and practitioners to get a clear picture of the state of the art in server virtualisation. This is due in part to the large number of systems available. Another reason is that information about virtualisation systems lacks structure, and is dispersed among multiple sources. Practitioners, such as data centre managers and systems administrators, may be familiar with virtualisation systems from a specific vendor, but generally lack a broader view of the field. This makes it difficult to make informed decisions when selecting these systems. Researchers and vendors who are developing virtualisation systems also lack a standard framework for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of their systems, compared to competing systems. It is also time-consuming for researchers who are new to the field to learn about current virtualisation systems. The purpose of this research was to develop a framework to solve these problems. The objectives of the research correspond to the applications of the framework. These include conducting comparative evaluations of server virtualisation systems, identifying strengths and weaknesses of particular virtualisation systems, specifying virtualisation system requirements to facilitate system selection, and gathering information about current virtualisation systems in a structured form. These four objectives were satisfied. The design of this framework was also guided by six framework design principles. These principles, or secondary objectives, were also met. The framework was developed based on an extensive literature study of data centres, virtualisation and current virtualisation systems. Criteria were selected through an inductive process. The feasibility of conducting evaluations using the framework was demonstrated by means of literature-based evaluations, and a practical case study. The use of the framework to facilitate virtualisation system selection was also demonstrated by means of a case study featuring the NMMU Telkom CoE data centre. This framework has a number of practical applications, ranging from the facilitation of decision-making to identifying areas for improvement in current virtualisation systems. The information resulting from evaluations using the framework is also a valuable resource for researchers who are new to the field. The literature study which forms the theoretical foundation of this work is particularly useful in this regard. A future extension to this work would be to develop a decision support system based on the framework. Another possibility is to make the framework, and evaluations, available on-line as a resource for data center managers, vendors and researchers. This would also enable other researchers to provide additional feedback, enabling the framework to be further refined
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A comparison of two township iimbongi: a literary appreciation
- Authors: Ntabeni, Jennifer Nonkoliso
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Laudatory poetry, Xhosa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8469 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/583 , Laudatory poetry, Xhosa
- Description: The performance of Xhosa mbongis (no correct English equivalent is available for the Xhosa bard / praise singer) is an interesting art form presentation by some individuals found in the Xhosa community. What is of interest is the fact that such artists are known to be the voices of their communities, heralding socio-cultural and historical norms and achievements. In the olden days, such figures were commonly found in the royal circles of headmen, chiefs and kings. Nowadays, urbanization has brought them into the township where they are gradually assuming different roles of not only focusing on the royal houses, but also in all community leaders as well as non-leaders of the community. Initially they used to earn their reputation through the kings or councils stages / platforms, but these days they also acquire such reputation through media and in any socio-political gatherings. They used to win awards and presents while nowadays they charge appearance fees. It is being changed into a profession albeit without any sort of academic accreditation. In the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan township, a number of such mbongis have mushroomed much against the likings of some purists cultural practitioners. The purists accuse them of being drunk with greed. Perhaps the accusation is justified and perhaps not. What is most notable is the fact that mbongis recite whenever they are asked to do so, something which is not acceptable to purists who believe that an imbongi is called forth to perform when the spirits instruct him or her to stand up and bonga. Whatever the case may be, many of such mbongis appear mostly in funerals, of known and unknown figures and so to many people, they make mockery of such a solemn talent. It is against this background that the researcher felt the need to look into this literary art-form as being presently performed by a township imbongi. The first chapter will deal with introduction, aim of study and method of research. The second chapter will provide a review of oral poetry and a poet in Xhosa writings, the nature of traditional imbongi his or her role in traditional and modern society. The third chapter will give the analysis of content, form and style of two recited poems by two different imbongis. The fourth chapter will provide a brief conclusion on how we view modern traditional imbongis and oral poetry
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Ntabeni, Jennifer Nonkoliso
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Laudatory poetry, Xhosa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8469 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/583 , Laudatory poetry, Xhosa
- Description: The performance of Xhosa mbongis (no correct English equivalent is available for the Xhosa bard / praise singer) is an interesting art form presentation by some individuals found in the Xhosa community. What is of interest is the fact that such artists are known to be the voices of their communities, heralding socio-cultural and historical norms and achievements. In the olden days, such figures were commonly found in the royal circles of headmen, chiefs and kings. Nowadays, urbanization has brought them into the township where they are gradually assuming different roles of not only focusing on the royal houses, but also in all community leaders as well as non-leaders of the community. Initially they used to earn their reputation through the kings or councils stages / platforms, but these days they also acquire such reputation through media and in any socio-political gatherings. They used to win awards and presents while nowadays they charge appearance fees. It is being changed into a profession albeit without any sort of academic accreditation. In the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan township, a number of such mbongis have mushroomed much against the likings of some purists cultural practitioners. The purists accuse them of being drunk with greed. Perhaps the accusation is justified and perhaps not. What is most notable is the fact that mbongis recite whenever they are asked to do so, something which is not acceptable to purists who believe that an imbongi is called forth to perform when the spirits instruct him or her to stand up and bonga. Whatever the case may be, many of such mbongis appear mostly in funerals, of known and unknown figures and so to many people, they make mockery of such a solemn talent. It is against this background that the researcher felt the need to look into this literary art-form as being presently performed by a township imbongi. The first chapter will deal with introduction, aim of study and method of research. The second chapter will provide a review of oral poetry and a poet in Xhosa writings, the nature of traditional imbongi his or her role in traditional and modern society. The third chapter will give the analysis of content, form and style of two recited poems by two different imbongis. The fourth chapter will provide a brief conclusion on how we view modern traditional imbongis and oral poetry
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A critical analysis of organisational strategies for employee engagement
- Authors: Poisat, Paul
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Employees -- Attitudes , Employee motivation , Personnel management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DTech
- Identifier: vital:9378 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/466 , Employees -- Attitudes , Employee motivation , Personnel management
- Description: Organisations are continuously searching for ways to increase their competitiveness as a means to survive in the global economy. More recently approaches have focused on the role that people perform in bringing about competitive advantage. Research indicates that engaged employees contribute vastly to the financial bottom-line of the organisation (see section 3.2.2). The research problem in this study was to identify strategies that organisations can use to engage their employees. To achieve this objective a theoretical employee engagement model was presented. The presentation of the theoretical model consisted of the following sub-processes: § Firstly, a literature survey was conducted to determine the underlying drivers/constructs of employee engagement. Abstract iii § The second comprised surveying the literature dealing specifically with approaches for measuring employee engagement. § Thirdly, the literature was surveyed to identify strategies and models used by organisations for engaging employees. The theoretical employee engagement model served as a basis for the compilation of the survey questionnaire that determined the extent to which human resource practitioners and line managers agree with the theoretical model developed in this study. The questionnaire was administered to a random sample of individuals employed in the automotive cluster in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality and the Buffalo City Metropole. The empirical results obtained from the survey indicated that respondents strongly concurred with the theoretical employee engagement model presented in the study. These results were included in the theoretical model, which lead to the development of the integrated organisational employee engagement model. The model comprises of four interrelated categories that all contribute to enhancing employees’ engagement. These categories are organisational leadership, organisational culture, organisational strategies and the manager’s role. From the literature survey and the study it became clear that the role of the manager, had the most significant impact on employee engagement of all the categories. In addition, the integrated organisational employee engagement model can be used by organisations as an applied strategy for the measurement of employee engagement. The main findings from this research are that 60 per cent of organisations that participated in the empirical study had implemented strategies to engage their employees. However, the majority of organisations reporting not having an engagement strategy were among organisations that employed less than 700 employees (smaller organisations). The study also highlighted certain variables that required special attention, especially when implementing employee engagement within the South African context. South African companies as compared to their overseas counterparts, rated organisational engagement variables such as remuneration, benefits and gain sharing lower. A further variable that was identified by the study requiring special attention was, ‘senior management shows a sincere interest in employees’ well-being’. A final point emanating from the study is that the implementation of employee engagement, as a strategy to enhance organisational competitiveness, must be viewed as a continuous process. Organisations should prior, to the implementation of an employee engagement strategy, consider whether they are prepared to share engagement results, take corrective action commensurate with the results and deal with employee expectations that may be incurred. The strategies espoused by the integrated organisational employee engagement model developed in this study, can be used by organisations to increase organisational competitiveness by improving their employees’ level of engagement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Poisat, Paul
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Employees -- Attitudes , Employee motivation , Personnel management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DTech
- Identifier: vital:9378 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/466 , Employees -- Attitudes , Employee motivation , Personnel management
- Description: Organisations are continuously searching for ways to increase their competitiveness as a means to survive in the global economy. More recently approaches have focused on the role that people perform in bringing about competitive advantage. Research indicates that engaged employees contribute vastly to the financial bottom-line of the organisation (see section 3.2.2). The research problem in this study was to identify strategies that organisations can use to engage their employees. To achieve this objective a theoretical employee engagement model was presented. The presentation of the theoretical model consisted of the following sub-processes: § Firstly, a literature survey was conducted to determine the underlying drivers/constructs of employee engagement. Abstract iii § The second comprised surveying the literature dealing specifically with approaches for measuring employee engagement. § Thirdly, the literature was surveyed to identify strategies and models used by organisations for engaging employees. The theoretical employee engagement model served as a basis for the compilation of the survey questionnaire that determined the extent to which human resource practitioners and line managers agree with the theoretical model developed in this study. The questionnaire was administered to a random sample of individuals employed in the automotive cluster in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality and the Buffalo City Metropole. The empirical results obtained from the survey indicated that respondents strongly concurred with the theoretical employee engagement model presented in the study. These results were included in the theoretical model, which lead to the development of the integrated organisational employee engagement model. The model comprises of four interrelated categories that all contribute to enhancing employees’ engagement. These categories are organisational leadership, organisational culture, organisational strategies and the manager’s role. From the literature survey and the study it became clear that the role of the manager, had the most significant impact on employee engagement of all the categories. In addition, the integrated organisational employee engagement model can be used by organisations as an applied strategy for the measurement of employee engagement. The main findings from this research are that 60 per cent of organisations that participated in the empirical study had implemented strategies to engage their employees. However, the majority of organisations reporting not having an engagement strategy were among organisations that employed less than 700 employees (smaller organisations). The study also highlighted certain variables that required special attention, especially when implementing employee engagement within the South African context. South African companies as compared to their overseas counterparts, rated organisational engagement variables such as remuneration, benefits and gain sharing lower. A further variable that was identified by the study requiring special attention was, ‘senior management shows a sincere interest in employees’ well-being’. A final point emanating from the study is that the implementation of employee engagement, as a strategy to enhance organisational competitiveness, must be viewed as a continuous process. Organisations should prior, to the implementation of an employee engagement strategy, consider whether they are prepared to share engagement results, take corrective action commensurate with the results and deal with employee expectations that may be incurred. The strategies espoused by the integrated organisational employee engagement model developed in this study, can be used by organisations to increase organisational competitiveness by improving their employees’ level of engagement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A critical evaluation of the performance management system used by Nampak Research and Development
- Authors: Solomons, Neville
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Performance -- Management , Package goods industry -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8753 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/610 , Performance -- Management , Package goods industry -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- Evaluation
- Description: Introduction: Performance management is an important driver in most companies today. Companies regard this as the tool to ensure that the people working for them will deliver as per the agreed contract and objectives which were set mutually. This study will reveal the importance of a well managed performance management system and what benefits one will derive from it. Intent: The purpose of this research project is to conduct a critical analysis of the performance management system used by Nampak Research and Development. They have been using a system since 2001 to the present without any changes to the system. The study focused on key areas to ascertain the level of change in the above respect that needs to take place. The study addressed (a) the understanding of performance management, (b) the management attitude towards performance management, (c) staff development, (d) the mentoring system, and (e) the performance appraisal method used. Findings: the main findings were that: (a) loss of management skill due to retirement, (b) staff has a negative attitude towards the performance management system, (c) staff does not trust the system, (d) management is the only group that is positive about the system, (e) there are no staff development strategies and no staff development, (f) ineffective mentoring system, (g) no mentor and mentee relationship, and (h) the performance appraisal method raised concerns in terms of departments not being consistent with the rating scores. Conclusion: the researcher has recommended what needs to be put in place to help the system work. Due to the complexity of the system, the researcher then recommended that a specialist in the field of performance management be approached to resolve the situation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Solomons, Neville
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Performance -- Management , Package goods industry -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8753 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/610 , Performance -- Management , Package goods industry -- South Africa , Organizational effectiveness -- Evaluation
- Description: Introduction: Performance management is an important driver in most companies today. Companies regard this as the tool to ensure that the people working for them will deliver as per the agreed contract and objectives which were set mutually. This study will reveal the importance of a well managed performance management system and what benefits one will derive from it. Intent: The purpose of this research project is to conduct a critical analysis of the performance management system used by Nampak Research and Development. They have been using a system since 2001 to the present without any changes to the system. The study focused on key areas to ascertain the level of change in the above respect that needs to take place. The study addressed (a) the understanding of performance management, (b) the management attitude towards performance management, (c) staff development, (d) the mentoring system, and (e) the performance appraisal method used. Findings: the main findings were that: (a) loss of management skill due to retirement, (b) staff has a negative attitude towards the performance management system, (c) staff does not trust the system, (d) management is the only group that is positive about the system, (e) there are no staff development strategies and no staff development, (f) ineffective mentoring system, (g) no mentor and mentee relationship, and (h) the performance appraisal method raised concerns in terms of departments not being consistent with the rating scores. Conclusion: the researcher has recommended what needs to be put in place to help the system work. Due to the complexity of the system, the researcher then recommended that a specialist in the field of performance management be approached to resolve the situation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A critical investigation of the effectiveness of warm-ups as technical exercises for the improvement of choral tone : a case study of the Eastern Cape Children's Choir
- Authors: Van Zyl, Lionel
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Choral singing Studies and exercises , Choral singing -- Instruction and study , Music rehearsals
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:8513 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/634 , Choral singing Studies and exercises , Choral singing -- Instruction and study , Music rehearsals
- Description: This is a research project based on the author’s experience of more than 20 years as conductor of the Eastern Cape Childrens Choir. It investigates the effectiveness of technical exercises - with special reference to selected “warm-up” exercises - in creating a superior choral tone in the children’s choir. The investigation is motivated by the fact that it is an ongoing challenge to effectively overcome problems with intonation and poor choral tone, problems which are mostly caused by lack of attention to pure vowel formation. Toward this end, a practical “tool box” of vocal exercises for the children’s choir is ultimately proposed. The toolbox is based on one single exercise with different variations. Each variation is designed to address multiple vocal needs and to correct vocal production during singing. In this manner a great many technical aspects are covered with the simplest of means and in the shortest possible time, bearing in mind that the rehearsal session allows limited time to focus on such matters to the exclusion of all else.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Van Zyl, Lionel
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Choral singing Studies and exercises , Choral singing -- Instruction and study , Music rehearsals
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:8513 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/634 , Choral singing Studies and exercises , Choral singing -- Instruction and study , Music rehearsals
- Description: This is a research project based on the author’s experience of more than 20 years as conductor of the Eastern Cape Childrens Choir. It investigates the effectiveness of technical exercises - with special reference to selected “warm-up” exercises - in creating a superior choral tone in the children’s choir. The investigation is motivated by the fact that it is an ongoing challenge to effectively overcome problems with intonation and poor choral tone, problems which are mostly caused by lack of attention to pure vowel formation. Toward this end, a practical “tool box” of vocal exercises for the children’s choir is ultimately proposed. The toolbox is based on one single exercise with different variations. Each variation is designed to address multiple vocal needs and to correct vocal production during singing. In this manner a great many technical aspects are covered with the simplest of means and in the shortest possible time, bearing in mind that the rehearsal session allows limited time to focus on such matters to the exclusion of all else.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A framework for secure mobility in wireless overlay networks
- Authors: Chen, Hejun
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Wireless communication systems , Computer networks
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9778 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/819 , Wireless communication systems , Computer networks
- Description: Various wireless networks are widely deployed world wide. Current technologies employed in these networks vary widely in terms of bandwidths, latencies, frequencies, and media access methods. Most existing wireless network technologies can be divided into two categories: those that provide a low-bandwidth service over a wide geographic area, for example UMTS, and those that provide a high bandwidth service over a narrow geographic area, for example 802.11. Although it would be desirable to provide a high- bandwidth service over a wide coverage region to mobile users all the time, no single wireless network technology simultaneously satisfies these require- ments. Wireless Overlay Networks, a hierarchical structure of wireless personal area, local area, and wide area data networks, is considered as an efficient and scalable way to solve this problem. Due to the wide deployment of UMTS and 802.11 WLAN, this study attempts to combine them to implement the concept of Wireless Overlay Net- works. Furthermore, the information transmitted over this Wireless Overlay Networks is protected in terms of authentication, integrity and confidentiality. To achieve this goal, this study aims to combine GPRS, Mobile IP and IPSec to propose a framework for secure mobility in Wireless Overlay Networks. The framework is developed in three steps: Firstly, this study addresses the problem of combining GPRS and Mo- bile IP, so that GPRS users are provided with Mobile IP service. This results in presenting a uniform Mobile IP interface to peers regardless of whether mobile users use UMTS or 802.11 WLAN. Secondly, this study discovers the existing problem when combining Mobile IP and IPSec, and proposes a Dual Home Agent Architecture to achieve secure mobility. Finally, based on the output of the previous two steps, a complete framework is proposed, which achieves secure mobility in Wireless Overlay Networks, specifically, in UMTS and 802.11 WLAN. The framework also implements seamless handover when mobile users switch between UMTS and 802.11. This results in UMTS and 802.11 WLAN looking like a single network when participating in this framework, and presents seamless and secure mobility.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Chen, Hejun
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Wireless communication systems , Computer networks
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9778 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/819 , Wireless communication systems , Computer networks
- Description: Various wireless networks are widely deployed world wide. Current technologies employed in these networks vary widely in terms of bandwidths, latencies, frequencies, and media access methods. Most existing wireless network technologies can be divided into two categories: those that provide a low-bandwidth service over a wide geographic area, for example UMTS, and those that provide a high bandwidth service over a narrow geographic area, for example 802.11. Although it would be desirable to provide a high- bandwidth service over a wide coverage region to mobile users all the time, no single wireless network technology simultaneously satisfies these require- ments. Wireless Overlay Networks, a hierarchical structure of wireless personal area, local area, and wide area data networks, is considered as an efficient and scalable way to solve this problem. Due to the wide deployment of UMTS and 802.11 WLAN, this study attempts to combine them to implement the concept of Wireless Overlay Net- works. Furthermore, the information transmitted over this Wireless Overlay Networks is protected in terms of authentication, integrity and confidentiality. To achieve this goal, this study aims to combine GPRS, Mobile IP and IPSec to propose a framework for secure mobility in Wireless Overlay Networks. The framework is developed in three steps: Firstly, this study addresses the problem of combining GPRS and Mo- bile IP, so that GPRS users are provided with Mobile IP service. This results in presenting a uniform Mobile IP interface to peers regardless of whether mobile users use UMTS or 802.11 WLAN. Secondly, this study discovers the existing problem when combining Mobile IP and IPSec, and proposes a Dual Home Agent Architecture to achieve secure mobility. Finally, based on the output of the previous two steps, a complete framework is proposed, which achieves secure mobility in Wireless Overlay Networks, specifically, in UMTS and 802.11 WLAN. The framework also implements seamless handover when mobile users switch between UMTS and 802.11. This results in UMTS and 802.11 WLAN looking like a single network when participating in this framework, and presents seamless and secure mobility.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A framework proposal for algorithm animation systems
- Authors: Yeh, Chih Lung
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Computer programming , Computer algorithms , Computer graphics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:10488 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019680
- Description: The learning and analysis of algorithms and algorithm concepts are challenging to students due to the abstract and conceptual nature of algorithms. Algorithm animation is a form of technological support tool which encourages algorithm comprehension by visualising algorithms in execution. Algorithm animation can potentially be utilised to support students while learning algorithms. Despite widespread acknowledgement for the usefulness of algorithm animation in algorithm courses at tertiary institutions, no recognised framework exists upon which algorithm animation systems can be effectively modelled. This dissertation consequently focuses on the design of an extensible algorithm animation framework to support the generation of interactive algorithm animations. A literature and extant system review forms the basis for the framework design process. The result of the review is a list of requirements for a pedagogically effective algorithm animation system. The proposed framework supports the pedagogic requirements by utilising an independent layer structure to support the generation and display of algorithm animations. The effectiveness of the framework is evaluated through the implementation of a prototype algorithm animation system using sorting algorithms as a case study. This dissertation is successful in proposing a framework to support the development of algorithm animations. The prototype developed will enable the integration of algorithm animations into the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University’s teaching model, thereby permitting the university to conduct future research relating to the usefulness of algorithm animation in algorithm courses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Yeh, Chih Lung
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Computer programming , Computer algorithms , Computer graphics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:10488 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019680
- Description: The learning and analysis of algorithms and algorithm concepts are challenging to students due to the abstract and conceptual nature of algorithms. Algorithm animation is a form of technological support tool which encourages algorithm comprehension by visualising algorithms in execution. Algorithm animation can potentially be utilised to support students while learning algorithms. Despite widespread acknowledgement for the usefulness of algorithm animation in algorithm courses at tertiary institutions, no recognised framework exists upon which algorithm animation systems can be effectively modelled. This dissertation consequently focuses on the design of an extensible algorithm animation framework to support the generation of interactive algorithm animations. A literature and extant system review forms the basis for the framework design process. The result of the review is a list of requirements for a pedagogically effective algorithm animation system. The proposed framework supports the pedagogic requirements by utilising an independent layer structure to support the generation and display of algorithm animations. The effectiveness of the framework is evaluated through the implementation of a prototype algorithm animation system using sorting algorithms as a case study. This dissertation is successful in proposing a framework to support the development of algorithm animations. The prototype developed will enable the integration of algorithm animations into the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University’s teaching model, thereby permitting the university to conduct future research relating to the usefulness of algorithm animation in algorithm courses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A fuzzy logic control system for a friction stir welding process
- Authors: Majara, Khotso Ernest
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Friction welding , Fuzzy logic , Automatic control , Fuzzy systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9594 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/405 , Friction welding , Fuzzy logic , Automatic control , Fuzzy systems
- Description: FSW is a welding technique invented and patented by The Welding Institute in 1991. This welding technique utilises the benefits of solid-state welding to materials regarded as difficult to weld by fusion processes. The productivity of the process was not optimised as the real-time dynamics of the material and tool changes were not considered. Furthermore, the process has a plastic weld region where no traditional modelling describing the interaction between the tool and work piece is available. Fuzzy logic technology is one of the artificial intelligent strategies used to improve the control of the dynamics of industrial processes. Fuzzy control was proposed as a viable solution to improve the productivity of the FSW process. The simulations indicated that FLC can use feed rate and welding speed to adaptively regulate the feed force and tool temperature respectively, irrespective of varying tool and material change. The simulations presented fuzzy logic technology to be robust enough to regulate FSW process in the absence of accurate mathematical models.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Majara, Khotso Ernest
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Friction welding , Fuzzy logic , Automatic control , Fuzzy systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9594 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/405 , Friction welding , Fuzzy logic , Automatic control , Fuzzy systems
- Description: FSW is a welding technique invented and patented by The Welding Institute in 1991. This welding technique utilises the benefits of solid-state welding to materials regarded as difficult to weld by fusion processes. The productivity of the process was not optimised as the real-time dynamics of the material and tool changes were not considered. Furthermore, the process has a plastic weld region where no traditional modelling describing the interaction between the tool and work piece is available. Fuzzy logic technology is one of the artificial intelligent strategies used to improve the control of the dynamics of industrial processes. Fuzzy control was proposed as a viable solution to improve the productivity of the FSW process. The simulations indicated that FLC can use feed rate and welding speed to adaptively regulate the feed force and tool temperature respectively, irrespective of varying tool and material change. The simulations presented fuzzy logic technology to be robust enough to regulate FSW process in the absence of accurate mathematical models.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A Hall-effect study of as-grown and hydrogenerated n-type ZnO layers grown by MOCVD
- Somhlahlo, Nomabali Nelisiwe
- Authors: Somhlahlo, Nomabali Nelisiwe
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Hall effect , Electric currents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10535 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/444 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012014 , Hall effect , Electric currents
- Description: A series of as-grown ZnO layers have been electrically characterised by the temperature dependent (20 – 300 K) Hall-effect technique. The ZnO layers were grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) on glass substrates under various growth conditions. The temperature dependent Hall-effect technique produced mobility and carrier concentration measurements. These measurements were found to be reproducible and reliable. The carrier concentration data for the layers was fitted by the charge balance equation to accurately determine the donor level and corresponding donor concentration as well as the acceptor concentration for each sample. The measured donor levels were found to vary from sample to sample and there is evidence from the results that the variations are related to the differing growth conditions of the layers. The mobility data was also fitted to establish the dominant electron scattering mechanisms in the layers. The dominant scattering mechanisms were found to vary from sample to sample. For most of the layers studied, the dominant scattering mechanism was found to be both the ionised impurity scattering at low temperatures (20 – 100 K) and grain boundary scattering at higher temperatures (100 – 300 K). The effects of exposing the ZnO layers to hydrogen plasma were also investigated by the temperature dependent Hall-effect technique. Findings indicate that hydrogen is readily incorporated in ZnO, leading always to an increased carrier concentration. It was further noted that incorporating hydrogen into ZnO in some layers increased the mobility while in other layers it caused a decrease in the mobility. The hydrogenated samples were subsequently annealed at 600 °C for 1 hour in argon ambient resulting in the carrier concentration reducing to its original value. This effect is attributed to hydrogen diffusing out of ZnO.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Somhlahlo, Nomabali Nelisiwe
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Hall effect , Electric currents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10535 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/444 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012014 , Hall effect , Electric currents
- Description: A series of as-grown ZnO layers have been electrically characterised by the temperature dependent (20 – 300 K) Hall-effect technique. The ZnO layers were grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) on glass substrates under various growth conditions. The temperature dependent Hall-effect technique produced mobility and carrier concentration measurements. These measurements were found to be reproducible and reliable. The carrier concentration data for the layers was fitted by the charge balance equation to accurately determine the donor level and corresponding donor concentration as well as the acceptor concentration for each sample. The measured donor levels were found to vary from sample to sample and there is evidence from the results that the variations are related to the differing growth conditions of the layers. The mobility data was also fitted to establish the dominant electron scattering mechanisms in the layers. The dominant scattering mechanisms were found to vary from sample to sample. For most of the layers studied, the dominant scattering mechanism was found to be both the ionised impurity scattering at low temperatures (20 – 100 K) and grain boundary scattering at higher temperatures (100 – 300 K). The effects of exposing the ZnO layers to hydrogen plasma were also investigated by the temperature dependent Hall-effect technique. Findings indicate that hydrogen is readily incorporated in ZnO, leading always to an increased carrier concentration. It was further noted that incorporating hydrogen into ZnO in some layers increased the mobility while in other layers it caused a decrease in the mobility. The hydrogenated samples were subsequently annealed at 600 °C for 1 hour in argon ambient resulting in the carrier concentration reducing to its original value. This effect is attributed to hydrogen diffusing out of ZnO.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A holistic approach to network security in OGSA-based grid systems
- Authors: Loutsios, Demetrios
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Computer networks -- Security measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9736 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/550 , Computer networks -- Security measures
- Description: Grid computing technologies facilitate complex scientific collaborations between globally dispersed parties, which make use of heterogeneous technologies and computing systems. However, in recent years the commercial sector has developed a growing interest in Grid technologies. Prominent Grid researchers have predicted Grids will grow into the commercial mainstream, even though its origins were in scientific research. This is much the same way as the Internet started as a vehicle for research collaboration between universities and government institutions, and grew into a technology with large commercial applications. Grids facilitate complex trust relationships between globally dispersed business partners, research groups, and non-profit organizations. Almost any dispersed “virtual organization” willing to share computing resources can make use of Grid technologies. Grid computing facilitates the networking of shared services; the inter-connection of a potentially unlimited number of computing resources within a “Grid” is possible. Grid technologies leverage a range of open standards and technologies to provide interoperability between heterogeneous computing systems. Newer Grids build on key capabilities of Web-Service technologies to provide easy and dynamic publishing and discovery of Grid resources. Due to the inter-organisational nature of Grid systems, there is a need to provide adequate security to Grid users and to Grid resources. This research proposes a framework, using a specific brokered pattern, which addresses several common Grid security challenges, which include: Providing secure and consistent cross-site Authentication and Authorization; Single-sign on capabilities to Grid users; Abstract iii; Underlying platform and runtime security, and; Grid network communications and messaging security. These Grid security challenges can be viewed as comprising two (proposed) logical layers of a Grid. These layers are: a Common Grid Layer (higher level Grid interactions), and a Local Resource Layer (Lower level technology security concerns). This research is concerned with providing a generic and holistic security framework to secure both layers. This research makes extensive use of STRIDE - an acronym for Microsoft approach to addressing security threats - as part of a holistic Grid security framework. STRIDE and key Grid related standards, such as Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA), Web-Service Resource Framework (WS-RF), and the Globus Toolkit are used to formulate the proposed framework.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Loutsios, Demetrios
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Computer networks -- Security measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9736 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/550 , Computer networks -- Security measures
- Description: Grid computing technologies facilitate complex scientific collaborations between globally dispersed parties, which make use of heterogeneous technologies and computing systems. However, in recent years the commercial sector has developed a growing interest in Grid technologies. Prominent Grid researchers have predicted Grids will grow into the commercial mainstream, even though its origins were in scientific research. This is much the same way as the Internet started as a vehicle for research collaboration between universities and government institutions, and grew into a technology with large commercial applications. Grids facilitate complex trust relationships between globally dispersed business partners, research groups, and non-profit organizations. Almost any dispersed “virtual organization” willing to share computing resources can make use of Grid technologies. Grid computing facilitates the networking of shared services; the inter-connection of a potentially unlimited number of computing resources within a “Grid” is possible. Grid technologies leverage a range of open standards and technologies to provide interoperability between heterogeneous computing systems. Newer Grids build on key capabilities of Web-Service technologies to provide easy and dynamic publishing and discovery of Grid resources. Due to the inter-organisational nature of Grid systems, there is a need to provide adequate security to Grid users and to Grid resources. This research proposes a framework, using a specific brokered pattern, which addresses several common Grid security challenges, which include: Providing secure and consistent cross-site Authentication and Authorization; Single-sign on capabilities to Grid users; Abstract iii; Underlying platform and runtime security, and; Grid network communications and messaging security. These Grid security challenges can be viewed as comprising two (proposed) logical layers of a Grid. These layers are: a Common Grid Layer (higher level Grid interactions), and a Local Resource Layer (Lower level technology security concerns). This research is concerned with providing a generic and holistic security framework to secure both layers. This research makes extensive use of STRIDE - an acronym for Microsoft approach to addressing security threats - as part of a holistic Grid security framework. STRIDE and key Grid related standards, such as Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA), Web-Service Resource Framework (WS-RF), and the Globus Toolkit are used to formulate the proposed framework.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A journey with an abused child : a non-directive play therapy perspective
- Authors: Currin, Lisa Natalie
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Play therapy -- South Africa , Child sexual abuse -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/434 , Play therapy -- South Africa , Child sexual abuse -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects
- Description: The extensive amount of research conducted in the field of family violence internationally indicates that child abuse has a detrimental effect on both the physical and emotional development of children as well as having a profound effect on an individual’s psychological development and functioning in adult life. The aim of this research study was to describe the therapeutic process that unfolded with a seven year old allegedly abused female client within the framework of non-directive play therapy. The case was further contextualised utilising Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. This study served to broaden the body of psychotherapeutic knowledge by means of meaningful qualitative enquiry. The client was referred for therapy because of severe emotional and behavioural problems following the alleged sexual abuse. The client was seen over a period of eight months and this included 11 sessions of non-directive play therapy, three parent interviews and psychometric assessments conducted by a colleague. The case study method was utilised in this study. To achieve the aim of the research, the methodology of choice was the descriptive dialogic case study. A purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of the research subject for this study. The data collection and analysis were conducted according to Yin’s (1994) analytical generalisation, which consists of two main strategies: (a) using a theoretical framework as a guide to determine what data is relevant; and (b) developing a matrix as a descriptive framework for organising and integrating the data. Furthermore, the process of data analysis was aided by the use of guidelines proposed by Irving Alexander (1988) with Axline’s non-directive play therapy and Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development as the theoretical frameworks. The findings of this study suggest that plotting the play therapy sessions according to the framework of the four stages of play therapy was a particularly useful tool to monitor Michelle’s progression through the therapeutic process. This can be seen as a valuable application of a tool which can be used within the non-directive play therapy approach. Contextualising Michelle’s development according to the stages of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development was also found to be a valuable endeavour. According to her chronological age, Michelle should have been in the fourth stage of industry versus inferiority, but in reality Michelle was still struggling to strike a healthy balance between the terms of conflict of trust versus mistrust issues of the first stage. From a therapeutic point, this was an important exercise as it helped to inform the therapist and consequently, the therapeutic process. This research undertaking can be recognised as a positive demonstration of the value of non-directive play therapy (Virginia Axline) and Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development in the therapeutic process. In addition, this study has served to facilitate a more holistic understanding of the case study approach to research. Recommendations regarding future research undertakings that utilise the case study approach and methodology have been made. Key concepts: child abuse; family violence; non-directive play therapy; Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development; analytical generalisation; case study research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Currin, Lisa Natalie
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Play therapy -- South Africa , Child sexual abuse -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/434 , Play therapy -- South Africa , Child sexual abuse -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects
- Description: The extensive amount of research conducted in the field of family violence internationally indicates that child abuse has a detrimental effect on both the physical and emotional development of children as well as having a profound effect on an individual’s psychological development and functioning in adult life. The aim of this research study was to describe the therapeutic process that unfolded with a seven year old allegedly abused female client within the framework of non-directive play therapy. The case was further contextualised utilising Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. This study served to broaden the body of psychotherapeutic knowledge by means of meaningful qualitative enquiry. The client was referred for therapy because of severe emotional and behavioural problems following the alleged sexual abuse. The client was seen over a period of eight months and this included 11 sessions of non-directive play therapy, three parent interviews and psychometric assessments conducted by a colleague. The case study method was utilised in this study. To achieve the aim of the research, the methodology of choice was the descriptive dialogic case study. A purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of the research subject for this study. The data collection and analysis were conducted according to Yin’s (1994) analytical generalisation, which consists of two main strategies: (a) using a theoretical framework as a guide to determine what data is relevant; and (b) developing a matrix as a descriptive framework for organising and integrating the data. Furthermore, the process of data analysis was aided by the use of guidelines proposed by Irving Alexander (1988) with Axline’s non-directive play therapy and Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development as the theoretical frameworks. The findings of this study suggest that plotting the play therapy sessions according to the framework of the four stages of play therapy was a particularly useful tool to monitor Michelle’s progression through the therapeutic process. This can be seen as a valuable application of a tool which can be used within the non-directive play therapy approach. Contextualising Michelle’s development according to the stages of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development was also found to be a valuable endeavour. According to her chronological age, Michelle should have been in the fourth stage of industry versus inferiority, but in reality Michelle was still struggling to strike a healthy balance between the terms of conflict of trust versus mistrust issues of the first stage. From a therapeutic point, this was an important exercise as it helped to inform the therapist and consequently, the therapeutic process. This research undertaking can be recognised as a positive demonstration of the value of non-directive play therapy (Virginia Axline) and Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development in the therapeutic process. In addition, this study has served to facilitate a more holistic understanding of the case study approach to research. Recommendations regarding future research undertakings that utilise the case study approach and methodology have been made. Key concepts: child abuse; family violence; non-directive play therapy; Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development; analytical generalisation; case study research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A longitudinal study of the occupational aspirations and perceptions of nine to thirteen year-old South African children
- Authors: Hargreaves, Robyn Leigh
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Vocational interests -- Research -- South Africa , Children -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Children aspirations , Personality and occupation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9935 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/520 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011709 , Vocational interests -- Research -- South Africa , Children -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Children aspirations , Personality and occupation
- Description: While the field of career psychology has shifted its attention to the study of career development, the developmental stage of childhood has often been neglected. Similarly, there is an absence of career research of a longitudinal nature, despite consistent calls to focus more on longitudinal methods when studying career development. The present study forms part of an existing longitudinal project which investigates the career development of South African children. This study, initiated in 1998, attempts to explore the occupational aspirations and gender stereotypes of a group of 39 children in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The results from this study will provide much needed baseline information on how South African children become aware of careers, as well as provide useful suggestions on how to develop career education syllabi, particularly within the Life Orientation curriculum. The present study aims to explore and describe the changes that may occur in the participants’ occupational aspiration interest typology, status levels, and gender stereotypes over a five year period. Both developmental and career developmental theories were used to provide a theoretical context from which the participants’ career development could be explored. The study is quantitative in nature as it made use of semi-structured interviews and a biographical questionnaire in order to quantitatively transcribe the data. The questionnaire consisted of four broad questions which asked for information regarding the participants’ occupational aspirations, how much information the participants had about the chosen occupation, the number of occupations the participants knew about, and the extent to which the participants held gender stereotypes regarding fourteen different occupations. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the findings of the data which had been coded according to Holland’s typology of occupations. In addition, content analysis was performed to elicit themes regarding the participants’ own reflections on their career development. Results from the data analysis revealed that the majority of participants aspired to Social type occupations throughout the five years under study. Furthermore, most participants consistently aspired to high status occupations throughout the five years. Similar results were found for girls and boys. The results also demonstrated that the participants’ gender stereotypes tended to decrease over time, particularly as their occupational information increased. Lastly, most children were able to reflect on their career development and attributed changes in their occupational aspirations to changes in their interests. The results from this study offer insight into the development of occupational aspirations and perceptions of South African children which can be used as a foundation for future research and which should be valuable in the development of relevant career education programmes for South African schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Hargreaves, Robyn Leigh
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Vocational interests -- Research -- South Africa , Children -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Children aspirations , Personality and occupation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9935 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/520 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011709 , Vocational interests -- Research -- South Africa , Children -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Children aspirations , Personality and occupation
- Description: While the field of career psychology has shifted its attention to the study of career development, the developmental stage of childhood has often been neglected. Similarly, there is an absence of career research of a longitudinal nature, despite consistent calls to focus more on longitudinal methods when studying career development. The present study forms part of an existing longitudinal project which investigates the career development of South African children. This study, initiated in 1998, attempts to explore the occupational aspirations and gender stereotypes of a group of 39 children in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The results from this study will provide much needed baseline information on how South African children become aware of careers, as well as provide useful suggestions on how to develop career education syllabi, particularly within the Life Orientation curriculum. The present study aims to explore and describe the changes that may occur in the participants’ occupational aspiration interest typology, status levels, and gender stereotypes over a five year period. Both developmental and career developmental theories were used to provide a theoretical context from which the participants’ career development could be explored. The study is quantitative in nature as it made use of semi-structured interviews and a biographical questionnaire in order to quantitatively transcribe the data. The questionnaire consisted of four broad questions which asked for information regarding the participants’ occupational aspirations, how much information the participants had about the chosen occupation, the number of occupations the participants knew about, and the extent to which the participants held gender stereotypes regarding fourteen different occupations. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the findings of the data which had been coded according to Holland’s typology of occupations. In addition, content analysis was performed to elicit themes regarding the participants’ own reflections on their career development. Results from the data analysis revealed that the majority of participants aspired to Social type occupations throughout the five years under study. Furthermore, most participants consistently aspired to high status occupations throughout the five years. Similar results were found for girls and boys. The results also demonstrated that the participants’ gender stereotypes tended to decrease over time, particularly as their occupational information increased. Lastly, most children were able to reflect on their career development and attributed changes in their occupational aspirations to changes in their interests. The results from this study offer insight into the development of occupational aspirations and perceptions of South African children which can be used as a foundation for future research and which should be valuable in the development of relevant career education programmes for South African schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A longitudinal study of the occupational aspirations and perceptions of nine to twelve year-old South African children
- Authors: Crause, Ewald
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Vocational interests -- Research -- South Africa , Children -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9843 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/404 , Vocational interests -- Research -- South Africa , Children -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Description: Despite the acknowledgement of the developmental nature of careers, little attention has been focused on identifying shaping influences during childhood. This noticeable deficiency in the literature marked the start of the current longitudinal study which was designed to provide information on the career development of nine to twelve-year old South African children. In South Africa research focusing on preadolescent career development is limited with existing research indicating the need to further explore how children’s career choice process initially develops. The study aimed to explore and describe the changes that occur, if any, over a four-year period in terms of occupational interest typology, occupational status levels, occupational gender stereotypes and occupational gender traditionality. Both developmental and career developmental theories were used to provide a context for exploring this process of preadolescent career development. It was decided that quantitative research methods would provide the necessary structure needed to conduct the research. Although semistructured interviews and biographical questionnaires were used to record the verbal data, the data obtained was transposed into nominal data for analysis. Participants responded to questions within a semi-structured interview that focused on four broad areas of questioning. These questions explored participants’ occupational aspirations, how many occupations they knew about, how much they knew about the identified occupation, and the extent to which they held gender-role stereotypes about certain occupations. After the data was iv Key words: career development, children, longitudinal research, occupational aspirations captured it was coded according to Holland's (1985) classification system of occupational interest types. The occupational aspirations expressed by the participants were also coded in terms of their status levels. The coded data was then further analysed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency counts and percentages. Results from the study support both child and career development theory which view childhood as a time of rapid growth with critical development in various competency areas (including occupational aspirations and perceptions). Although the current study found that most children aspired to Social occupations, the popularity of this typology decreased with increasing age as more children aspired to Investigative, Artistic, and to a lesser extent, Realistic typologies at age twelve. Furthermore, it appears that children, like adults, are aware of status differentials among occupations and that this awareness subsequently influences occupational aspirations. Lastly, the findings broadly provide support for both national and international research in that it was established that an increase in age reflects a decrease in gender-stereotypical perceptions of occupations. The present study gained valuable insight into how the process of career development occurs in preadolescent children. It is clear that there exists a need for the implementation of credible and sustainable career education programs in schools across South Africa in order to encourage and facilitate career exploration during the developmental stage of childhood.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Crause, Ewald
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Vocational interests -- Research -- South Africa , Children -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9843 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/404 , Vocational interests -- Research -- South Africa , Children -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Description: Despite the acknowledgement of the developmental nature of careers, little attention has been focused on identifying shaping influences during childhood. This noticeable deficiency in the literature marked the start of the current longitudinal study which was designed to provide information on the career development of nine to twelve-year old South African children. In South Africa research focusing on preadolescent career development is limited with existing research indicating the need to further explore how children’s career choice process initially develops. The study aimed to explore and describe the changes that occur, if any, over a four-year period in terms of occupational interest typology, occupational status levels, occupational gender stereotypes and occupational gender traditionality. Both developmental and career developmental theories were used to provide a context for exploring this process of preadolescent career development. It was decided that quantitative research methods would provide the necessary structure needed to conduct the research. Although semistructured interviews and biographical questionnaires were used to record the verbal data, the data obtained was transposed into nominal data for analysis. Participants responded to questions within a semi-structured interview that focused on four broad areas of questioning. These questions explored participants’ occupational aspirations, how many occupations they knew about, how much they knew about the identified occupation, and the extent to which they held gender-role stereotypes about certain occupations. After the data was iv Key words: career development, children, longitudinal research, occupational aspirations captured it was coded according to Holland's (1985) classification system of occupational interest types. The occupational aspirations expressed by the participants were also coded in terms of their status levels. The coded data was then further analysed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency counts and percentages. Results from the study support both child and career development theory which view childhood as a time of rapid growth with critical development in various competency areas (including occupational aspirations and perceptions). Although the current study found that most children aspired to Social occupations, the popularity of this typology decreased with increasing age as more children aspired to Investigative, Artistic, and to a lesser extent, Realistic typologies at age twelve. Furthermore, it appears that children, like adults, are aware of status differentials among occupations and that this awareness subsequently influences occupational aspirations. Lastly, the findings broadly provide support for both national and international research in that it was established that an increase in age reflects a decrease in gender-stereotypical perceptions of occupations. The present study gained valuable insight into how the process of career development occurs in preadolescent children. It is clear that there exists a need for the implementation of credible and sustainable career education programs in schools across South Africa in order to encourage and facilitate career exploration during the developmental stage of childhood.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A model for information architecture of government web sites in Southern Africa
- Authors: Bernardo, Tomás
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Information storage and retrieval systems , Web sites -- Design , Government information -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10479 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/459 , Information storage and retrieval systems , Web sites -- Design , Government information -- South Africa
- Description: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the Information Architecture (IA) of government web sites in Southern Africa. The government web sites of Mozambique and South Africa were selected for the purpose of this research. A further aim of this research was to derive a model for the IA of government web sites. The model was based on IA components and guidelines as well as on web site components and E-government requirements. The IA guidelines in the model were derived from general design guidelines and guidelines for government web sites. The IA guidelines in the proposed model were used to conduct an analytical and empirical evaluation of the selected sites. The selection of the sites was based on similarities in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) strategies and policies, the annual Internet growth rates, the Internet user profiles and the Egovernment initiatives in both countries. Differences between the sites also contributed to their selection. Mozambique is one of the least developed countries in the world, while South Africa is one of the most developed countries in Africa. Heuristic evaluation was used for the analytical evaluation while questionnaires and user testing were used for the empirical evaluation. Some of the usability problems identified in the heuristic evaluation, such as incorrect organisation of information and navigation issues, were also identified in the empirical evaluation, confirming to the existence of these usability problems. The results of this research show that the IA of government web sites has an impact on user performance and satisfaction and that the proposed model can be used to design and evaluate the IA of government web sites in Southern Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Bernardo, Tomás
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Information storage and retrieval systems , Web sites -- Design , Government information -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10479 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/459 , Information storage and retrieval systems , Web sites -- Design , Government information -- South Africa
- Description: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the Information Architecture (IA) of government web sites in Southern Africa. The government web sites of Mozambique and South Africa were selected for the purpose of this research. A further aim of this research was to derive a model for the IA of government web sites. The model was based on IA components and guidelines as well as on web site components and E-government requirements. The IA guidelines in the model were derived from general design guidelines and guidelines for government web sites. The IA guidelines in the proposed model were used to conduct an analytical and empirical evaluation of the selected sites. The selection of the sites was based on similarities in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) strategies and policies, the annual Internet growth rates, the Internet user profiles and the Egovernment initiatives in both countries. Differences between the sites also contributed to their selection. Mozambique is one of the least developed countries in the world, while South Africa is one of the most developed countries in Africa. Heuristic evaluation was used for the analytical evaluation while questionnaires and user testing were used for the empirical evaluation. Some of the usability problems identified in the heuristic evaluation, such as incorrect organisation of information and navigation issues, were also identified in the empirical evaluation, confirming to the existence of these usability problems. The results of this research show that the IA of government web sites has an impact on user performance and satisfaction and that the proposed model can be used to design and evaluate the IA of government web sites in Southern Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A model for the facilitation of intergenerational reconciliation during teenage pregnancy a Xhosa perspective
- Authors: James, Sindiwe Valencia
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Family relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10043 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/458 , Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Family relationships
- Description: Teenage pregnancy is an international phenomenon with girls falling pregnant from as early as 14 years of age. In South Africa teenage pregnancies are also on the increase (Kaiser, 2000:18; Statistica SA, 2006:5;). Teenage pregnancy may have negative effects for the teenager in that it can force the teenager to drop out of school prematurely as well as shortening her educational career which might limit future career possibilities. It also predisposes both the mother and the child to health risks. Finally, teenage pregnancy also leads to family destabilisation. Within the Xhosa communities family destabilisation becomes even more severe as it is culturally and traditionally related. Traditionally, teenage pregnancy in the Xhosa communities is stigmatized. The family suffers from embarrassment and disappointment and the effects of these experiences can manifest in outrage on the part of the parents towards the pregnant teenager resulting in non-communication with her and ultimately rejection (Boult & Cunningham, 1991:36). This results in no or minimal support from the family (Nxumalo, 1997:16). The research design and method to achieve the objective of the study was a theory-generative design based on a qualitative, phenomenological, explorative, descriptive and contextual research approach utilizing the four steps of theory generation. During the step of concept analysis, which is the first step of the process of theory generation, data was collected by means of individual interviews with the pregnant Xhosa teenagers, parents and grandparents. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The sample for the study was selected purposively to ensure indepth information.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: James, Sindiwe Valencia
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Family relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10043 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/458 , Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Family relationships
- Description: Teenage pregnancy is an international phenomenon with girls falling pregnant from as early as 14 years of age. In South Africa teenage pregnancies are also on the increase (Kaiser, 2000:18; Statistica SA, 2006:5;). Teenage pregnancy may have negative effects for the teenager in that it can force the teenager to drop out of school prematurely as well as shortening her educational career which might limit future career possibilities. It also predisposes both the mother and the child to health risks. Finally, teenage pregnancy also leads to family destabilisation. Within the Xhosa communities family destabilisation becomes even more severe as it is culturally and traditionally related. Traditionally, teenage pregnancy in the Xhosa communities is stigmatized. The family suffers from embarrassment and disappointment and the effects of these experiences can manifest in outrage on the part of the parents towards the pregnant teenager resulting in non-communication with her and ultimately rejection (Boult & Cunningham, 1991:36). This results in no or minimal support from the family (Nxumalo, 1997:16). The research design and method to achieve the objective of the study was a theory-generative design based on a qualitative, phenomenological, explorative, descriptive and contextual research approach utilizing the four steps of theory generation. During the step of concept analysis, which is the first step of the process of theory generation, data was collected by means of individual interviews with the pregnant Xhosa teenagers, parents and grandparents. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The sample for the study was selected purposively to ensure indepth information.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A qualitative bias review of the adaptation of the WAIS-III for English-speaking South Africans
- Authors: Aston, Susan
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test -- South Africa , Intelligence tests -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9939 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011931 , Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test -- South Africa , Intelligence tests -- South Africa
- Description: In response to the growing demand for a test of cognitive ability for South African adults, the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) adapted the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, third edition (WAIS-III) for English-speaking South Africans. However, since the publication of the South African adaptation in 2001, there has been some concern whether some bias may not still be present in the measure. Consequently, this study aimed to qualitatively explore the item content of the South African adaptation of the WAIS-III in order to identify items that might still be potentially biased with specific reference to cultural and linguistic issues. The researcher employed purposive sampling, a non-probability technique, to select psychology professionals to act as expert reviewers. The sample consisted of 20 registered psychologists, psychology lecturers and psychology interns from the predominant culture and language groups of the Eastern and Western Cape. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected by means of a Bias Review Questionnaire which consisted of fixed-choice questions, as well as sections in which specific comments could be indicated. The questionnaire was distributed to 20 selected participants who were qualified to administer psychometric measures and were registered with the Health Professionals Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Qualitative data was analysed using Tesch’s model of thematic content analysis, and five main themes relating to potential bias were identified, namely: Culture, Language, Education, Socio-economic status, and Format. The qualitative data was re-submitted to the expert review group for approval and further comment. Quantitative data obtained from the Bias Review Questionnaire was analysed by obtaining frequency counts, which were converted to percentages, per subtest and aspect reviewed. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. Cultural bias is evident in the South African adaptation of the WAIS-III. The differential meanings ascribed to concepts, terms, phrases and words by diverse cultures impact on test performance, as does familiarity with stimulus materials used in the measure. 2. Language bias was detected against groups with English as their second or third language owing to the unfamiliar, and sometimes archaic, terms and vocabulary used in the measure. The intended meanings of the translated items are unclear and confusing for test-takers. 3. South African test-takers have experienced vastly divergent educational opportunities which impact on intelligence test performance. The measure contains potential bias against individuals from disadvantaged educational backgrounds. 4. The content of the items is not relevant to test-takers from deprived socioeconomic backgrounds that have been unable to access good-quality education. 5. Format bias was found to exist with respect to the timed tests. Cultural groups who do not value speededness are disadvantaged by the structure and format of the measure. Based on the findings of this study, certain recommendations were made. These include: 1. Additional qualitative investigation of the WAIS-III , with a view to further adaptation in an effort to eradicate bias on cultural or linguistic grounds, and 2. Conducting further Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses and establishing construct equivalence across cultural and linguistic groups to promote this objective. Among the contributions believed to have been made by this study are the identification of potentially biased subtests and items on the grounds of culture and language, which will facilitate possible further revision and adaptation of the measure. Additionally, the variables that were considered important influencing factors of cognitive test performance have been documented and are accessible for future research that will supplement the present study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Aston, Susan
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test -- South Africa , Intelligence tests -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9939 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011931 , Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test -- South Africa , Intelligence tests -- South Africa
- Description: In response to the growing demand for a test of cognitive ability for South African adults, the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) adapted the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, third edition (WAIS-III) for English-speaking South Africans. However, since the publication of the South African adaptation in 2001, there has been some concern whether some bias may not still be present in the measure. Consequently, this study aimed to qualitatively explore the item content of the South African adaptation of the WAIS-III in order to identify items that might still be potentially biased with specific reference to cultural and linguistic issues. The researcher employed purposive sampling, a non-probability technique, to select psychology professionals to act as expert reviewers. The sample consisted of 20 registered psychologists, psychology lecturers and psychology interns from the predominant culture and language groups of the Eastern and Western Cape. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected by means of a Bias Review Questionnaire which consisted of fixed-choice questions, as well as sections in which specific comments could be indicated. The questionnaire was distributed to 20 selected participants who were qualified to administer psychometric measures and were registered with the Health Professionals Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Qualitative data was analysed using Tesch’s model of thematic content analysis, and five main themes relating to potential bias were identified, namely: Culture, Language, Education, Socio-economic status, and Format. The qualitative data was re-submitted to the expert review group for approval and further comment. Quantitative data obtained from the Bias Review Questionnaire was analysed by obtaining frequency counts, which were converted to percentages, per subtest and aspect reviewed. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. Cultural bias is evident in the South African adaptation of the WAIS-III. The differential meanings ascribed to concepts, terms, phrases and words by diverse cultures impact on test performance, as does familiarity with stimulus materials used in the measure. 2. Language bias was detected against groups with English as their second or third language owing to the unfamiliar, and sometimes archaic, terms and vocabulary used in the measure. The intended meanings of the translated items are unclear and confusing for test-takers. 3. South African test-takers have experienced vastly divergent educational opportunities which impact on intelligence test performance. The measure contains potential bias against individuals from disadvantaged educational backgrounds. 4. The content of the items is not relevant to test-takers from deprived socioeconomic backgrounds that have been unable to access good-quality education. 5. Format bias was found to exist with respect to the timed tests. Cultural groups who do not value speededness are disadvantaged by the structure and format of the measure. Based on the findings of this study, certain recommendations were made. These include: 1. Additional qualitative investigation of the WAIS-III , with a view to further adaptation in an effort to eradicate bias on cultural or linguistic grounds, and 2. Conducting further Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses and establishing construct equivalence across cultural and linguistic groups to promote this objective. Among the contributions believed to have been made by this study are the identification of potentially biased subtests and items on the grounds of culture and language, which will facilitate possible further revision and adaptation of the measure. Additionally, the variables that were considered important influencing factors of cognitive test performance have been documented and are accessible for future research that will supplement the present study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A raman spectroscopy study of semiconducting thin films
- Authors: Goosen, William Edward
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Raman spectroscopy , Semiconductor films , Thin films
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10514 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/426 , Raman spectroscopy , Semiconductor films , Thin films
- Description: A home-built Raman system, utilizing a pseudo-backscattering geometry, was built in the Physics Department at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). The system was then used to analyse a variety of bulk and thin film semiconducting materials currently being studied in the Physics Department. Silicon wafers were exposed to hydrogen plasma. Raman analysis of hydrogen induced platelets (HIPs), resulting from hydrogen plasma treatment of silicon, is reported. ZnO layers were deposited on glass, GaAs, Si, sapphire and SiC-Si substrates by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) in the Physics Department at the NMMU. It was found that the ZnO layers grown by MOCVD all exhibited a strong E2 (high) phonon mode that dominated the Raman spectra. Furthermore, the spectra lacked the A1 (LO) phonon mode which is usually associated with the O-vacancy, the Zn-interstitial, or complexes of the two, indicating that the layers were all of good quality. The influence of depositing the ZnO thin film on a 3 mm thick SiC layer was also investigated and compared with the deposition of ZnO on Si substrate, in order to reduce the lattice mismatch between ZnO and the Si substrate. The possible shift of the Raman peaks due to the residual strain in the film, if present, could not be resolved. Characterization of GaN and AlxGa1-xN produced by MOCVD at the CRHEA laboratory of the CNRS in Valbonne, France is reported. A sharp peak at 567 cm-1 corresponding to the E2 (high) mode of GaN broadens and shifts to higher wavenumbers as the aluminium content of the AlxGa1-xN is increased. The shift is accompanied by a decrease in the intensity and a broadening of this peak. The broadening was attributed to a general decrease in the quality of the layers which accompanies increased aluminium content in AlxGa1-xN.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Goosen, William Edward
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Raman spectroscopy , Semiconductor films , Thin films
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10514 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/426 , Raman spectroscopy , Semiconductor films , Thin films
- Description: A home-built Raman system, utilizing a pseudo-backscattering geometry, was built in the Physics Department at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). The system was then used to analyse a variety of bulk and thin film semiconducting materials currently being studied in the Physics Department. Silicon wafers were exposed to hydrogen plasma. Raman analysis of hydrogen induced platelets (HIPs), resulting from hydrogen plasma treatment of silicon, is reported. ZnO layers were deposited on glass, GaAs, Si, sapphire and SiC-Si substrates by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) in the Physics Department at the NMMU. It was found that the ZnO layers grown by MOCVD all exhibited a strong E2 (high) phonon mode that dominated the Raman spectra. Furthermore, the spectra lacked the A1 (LO) phonon mode which is usually associated with the O-vacancy, the Zn-interstitial, or complexes of the two, indicating that the layers were all of good quality. The influence of depositing the ZnO thin film on a 3 mm thick SiC layer was also investigated and compared with the deposition of ZnO on Si substrate, in order to reduce the lattice mismatch between ZnO and the Si substrate. The possible shift of the Raman peaks due to the residual strain in the film, if present, could not be resolved. Characterization of GaN and AlxGa1-xN produced by MOCVD at the CRHEA laboratory of the CNRS in Valbonne, France is reported. A sharp peak at 567 cm-1 corresponding to the E2 (high) mode of GaN broadens and shifts to higher wavenumbers as the aluminium content of the AlxGa1-xN is increased. The shift is accompanied by a decrease in the intensity and a broadening of this peak. The broadening was attributed to a general decrease in the quality of the layers which accompanies increased aluminium content in AlxGa1-xN.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A retrospective study of the problems encountered by small business owner-managers in the health sector
- Authors: O'Connell, J
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Health facilities -- South Africa -- Business management , New business enterprises -- South Africa -- Management , Businesspeople -- South Africa Interviews
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9985 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/429 , Health facilities -- South Africa -- Business management , New business enterprises -- South Africa -- Management , Businesspeople -- South Africa Interviews
- Description: It is estimated that the failure rate of small, medium and micro enterprises in South Africa’s (SMME’s) are between 70 percent and 80 percent. As a result, millions of rand are lost on business ventures because of essentially avoidable mistakes and problems. Difficulties encountered by small business owner-managers can be described as environmental, marketing, financial or managerial in nature. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the nature and importance of problems experience by small business owner-managers in the private health sector. The design that was used in this study was qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual in nature. This study fell within the broad framework of qualitative research, as interviews were employed to do the research project (Baker, 1999:247). A purposive sample was used to identify the participants for inclusion. The target population was small business owner-managers operating within the private health sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The sample comprised eight business owner-managers in the health sector within the boundaries of the Nelson Mandela Metropole, purposely identified. Before doing the empirical research, a pilot study was conducted with one small business owner-manager that fulfilled the required criteria of the research population. Data was collected by means of naïve sketches and semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed according to the framework provided by Tesch (in Creswell, 1994). Guba’s model (in Krefting, 1991) was employed for data verification. Interviews were conducted in both Afrikaans and English. iii Direct transcriptions from the tape-recorded interviews ensured that all data was gathered and saved for reference when needed during the data analysis as described by Field and Morse (1996:64). The researcher took observational, theoretical, methodological and personal notes as described in Wilson (1989: 433-435). Transcriptions from sketches and interviews served as the database for the study. Only literature pertaining to the research process was consulted prior to the data collection of the primary data, in order to establish an effective research format. The problems experienced by small business owner-managers in the health sector were discussed under four major themes and several sub-themes identified by the researcher and the independent coder. The main themes that emerged from the study were: small business ownermanagers in the health sector lacked business skills and experience; had financial problems regarding their businesses; had difficulty building a customer base; and were uncertain in terms of their businesses’ future. Conclusions were drawn from the findings of the study and limiting factors were identified and acknowledged in the report. Recommendations that could assist practitioners, educators and trainers were suggested.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: O'Connell, J
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Health facilities -- South Africa -- Business management , New business enterprises -- South Africa -- Management , Businesspeople -- South Africa Interviews
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9985 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/429 , Health facilities -- South Africa -- Business management , New business enterprises -- South Africa -- Management , Businesspeople -- South Africa Interviews
- Description: It is estimated that the failure rate of small, medium and micro enterprises in South Africa’s (SMME’s) are between 70 percent and 80 percent. As a result, millions of rand are lost on business ventures because of essentially avoidable mistakes and problems. Difficulties encountered by small business owner-managers can be described as environmental, marketing, financial or managerial in nature. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the nature and importance of problems experience by small business owner-managers in the private health sector. The design that was used in this study was qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual in nature. This study fell within the broad framework of qualitative research, as interviews were employed to do the research project (Baker, 1999:247). A purposive sample was used to identify the participants for inclusion. The target population was small business owner-managers operating within the private health sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The sample comprised eight business owner-managers in the health sector within the boundaries of the Nelson Mandela Metropole, purposely identified. Before doing the empirical research, a pilot study was conducted with one small business owner-manager that fulfilled the required criteria of the research population. Data was collected by means of naïve sketches and semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed according to the framework provided by Tesch (in Creswell, 1994). Guba’s model (in Krefting, 1991) was employed for data verification. Interviews were conducted in both Afrikaans and English. iii Direct transcriptions from the tape-recorded interviews ensured that all data was gathered and saved for reference when needed during the data analysis as described by Field and Morse (1996:64). The researcher took observational, theoretical, methodological and personal notes as described in Wilson (1989: 433-435). Transcriptions from sketches and interviews served as the database for the study. Only literature pertaining to the research process was consulted prior to the data collection of the primary data, in order to establish an effective research format. The problems experienced by small business owner-managers in the health sector were discussed under four major themes and several sub-themes identified by the researcher and the independent coder. The main themes that emerged from the study were: small business ownermanagers in the health sector lacked business skills and experience; had financial problems regarding their businesses; had difficulty building a customer base; and were uncertain in terms of their businesses’ future. Conclusions were drawn from the findings of the study and limiting factors were identified and acknowledged in the report. Recommendations that could assist practitioners, educators and trainers were suggested.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A strategy for the development of team leaders in the East Cape motor industry cluster : a competency based approach
- Authors: Melamed, Graham Morrison
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Leadership , Teams in the workplace , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DTech
- Identifier: vital:8568 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/419 , Leadership , Teams in the workplace , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The research undertaken in this study was to identify the strategy needed to be adopted by the East Cape Motor Industry Cluster (ECMIC) in order to develop the competencies of its Team Leaders. v Hamel and Prahalad (1994: 28) are of the opinion that the focus of a company must move from current market share, to the share of tomorrow’s opportunities that the company can reasonably expect to gain. The company must therefore consider what it can achieve with its existing set of competencies, and what new competencies need to be acquired in order to prosper in the future. The development of competencies is thus deemed to be critical to the South African economy as the various local automotive manufacturers enter the export field. The ECMIC has traditionally been considered the heart of the automotive industry in South Africa with three of the major manufacturers located in the Nelson Mandela and Buffalo City Metropoles. In order to support these manufacturers, a vast number of component manufacturers and service providers have been established to support the automotive manufacturers both in the ECMIC and in other areas of the country. Since the establishment of a democratic South Africa and the removal of sanctions, the automotive industry has started to establish itself globally. This study will undertake a literature study of the application of competencies in the workplace, teams and team leaders and how competencies are applied in the ECMIC. The results of an empirical study into core competencies in the ECMIC will be used to elucidate a set of competencies which will be used to develop a strategy utilising the competency approach in team leaders in the ECMIC.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Melamed, Graham Morrison
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Leadership , Teams in the workplace , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DTech
- Identifier: vital:8568 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/419 , Leadership , Teams in the workplace , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The research undertaken in this study was to identify the strategy needed to be adopted by the East Cape Motor Industry Cluster (ECMIC) in order to develop the competencies of its Team Leaders. v Hamel and Prahalad (1994: 28) are of the opinion that the focus of a company must move from current market share, to the share of tomorrow’s opportunities that the company can reasonably expect to gain. The company must therefore consider what it can achieve with its existing set of competencies, and what new competencies need to be acquired in order to prosper in the future. The development of competencies is thus deemed to be critical to the South African economy as the various local automotive manufacturers enter the export field. The ECMIC has traditionally been considered the heart of the automotive industry in South Africa with three of the major manufacturers located in the Nelson Mandela and Buffalo City Metropoles. In order to support these manufacturers, a vast number of component manufacturers and service providers have been established to support the automotive manufacturers both in the ECMIC and in other areas of the country. Since the establishment of a democratic South Africa and the removal of sanctions, the automotive industry has started to establish itself globally. This study will undertake a literature study of the application of competencies in the workplace, teams and team leaders and how competencies are applied in the ECMIC. The results of an empirical study into core competencies in the ECMIC will be used to elucidate a set of competencies which will be used to develop a strategy utilising the competency approach in team leaders in the ECMIC.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006