'Visible hectares, vanishing livelihoods': a case of the fast track land reform and resettlement programme in Southern Matabeleland- Zimbabwe
- Authors: Mabhena, Clifford
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- Zimbabwe , Rural poor -- Zimbabwe , Rural development -- Zimbabwe , Land tenure -- Zimbabwe , Land reform beneficiaries -- Zimbabwe , Livestock -- Breeding -- Zimbabwe , Land settlement -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D Soc Sc
- Identifier: vital:11423 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001193 , Sustainable development -- Zimbabwe , Rural poor -- Zimbabwe , Rural development -- Zimbabwe , Land tenure -- Zimbabwe , Land reform beneficiaries -- Zimbabwe , Livestock -- Breeding -- Zimbabwe , Land settlement -- Zimbabwe
- Description: Land reform has been going on in Zimbabwe since the state attained independence from Britain in 1980 as a way of enhancing agrarian livelihoods for the formerly marginalized people. This study argues that, the Land Reform Programme in Southern Matabeleland rather than enhancing agrarian livelihoods, well established livelihoods have actually been drastically reduced. This has been exacerbated by the state programme of land re-distribution that prescribes a „one size fits all‟ model. Yet this is contrary to the thinking in development discourse that equitable land distribution increases rural livelihoods. As a way of gathering data this study utilized ethnography and case study methodologies. I spent two years interacting and interviewing purposively selected new resettles, communal residents, migrant workers and gold panners in this region. Results from this study confirm that, land reform has greatly reduced livelihoods, particularly agrarian livelihoods. Also, this research has found out that, the majority of residents now depend on off-farm livelihoods such as gold panning and migration to neighbouring South Africa. This thesis therefore concludes that, despite a massive expropriation of former commercial farms, people of Southern Matabeleland have not benefitted much as the village settlements (A1) and the small size farms (A2) have not received support from this live-stocking community. People in this region pin their hopes on livestock rearing to sustain their livelihoods and this study therefore recommends that, any agrarian transformation programmes should address the issues that promote livestock rearing
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mabhena, Clifford
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- Zimbabwe , Rural poor -- Zimbabwe , Rural development -- Zimbabwe , Land tenure -- Zimbabwe , Land reform beneficiaries -- Zimbabwe , Livestock -- Breeding -- Zimbabwe , Land settlement -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D Soc Sc
- Identifier: vital:11423 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001193 , Sustainable development -- Zimbabwe , Rural poor -- Zimbabwe , Rural development -- Zimbabwe , Land tenure -- Zimbabwe , Land reform beneficiaries -- Zimbabwe , Livestock -- Breeding -- Zimbabwe , Land settlement -- Zimbabwe
- Description: Land reform has been going on in Zimbabwe since the state attained independence from Britain in 1980 as a way of enhancing agrarian livelihoods for the formerly marginalized people. This study argues that, the Land Reform Programme in Southern Matabeleland rather than enhancing agrarian livelihoods, well established livelihoods have actually been drastically reduced. This has been exacerbated by the state programme of land re-distribution that prescribes a „one size fits all‟ model. Yet this is contrary to the thinking in development discourse that equitable land distribution increases rural livelihoods. As a way of gathering data this study utilized ethnography and case study methodologies. I spent two years interacting and interviewing purposively selected new resettles, communal residents, migrant workers and gold panners in this region. Results from this study confirm that, land reform has greatly reduced livelihoods, particularly agrarian livelihoods. Also, this research has found out that, the majority of residents now depend on off-farm livelihoods such as gold panning and migration to neighbouring South Africa. This thesis therefore concludes that, despite a massive expropriation of former commercial farms, people of Southern Matabeleland have not benefitted much as the village settlements (A1) and the small size farms (A2) have not received support from this live-stocking community. People in this region pin their hopes on livestock rearing to sustain their livelihoods and this study therefore recommends that, any agrarian transformation programmes should address the issues that promote livestock rearing
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
0 Representation of South African "tribal" culture in soap operas : a content and audience analysis of the series Generations : The Legacy
- Onyenankeya, Oluwayemisi Mary
- Authors: Onyenankeya, Oluwayemisi Mary
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Television criticism Mass media and culture Mass media--Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Communication
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15430 , vital:40407
- Description: Commercial media entertainment offerings in South Africa especially mainstream soap operas, are progressively infusing dominant social values and ideas which are alien to South African tribal societies. In most of the commodified television drama series, people who hold tight to traditional beliefs and values are often characterised as traditionalists, while those who have imbibed the western defined dicta and ideology of modernity are seen as progressives. This study therefore, sought to ascertain how South African tribal language, traditional institutions, values, social norms and ancestral beliefs are portrayed through the television drama, Generations: The Legacy and what the viewers think about those constructions and the implication for cultural identity. The mixed methods approach was employed involving the administration of questionnaire to 350 participants selected through random sampling and a content analysis of 20 episodes of Generations: The Legacy. The findings suggest that Generations: The Legacy tends to portray South African tribal culture negatively (p-value > 0.05). More than half of the respondents (52percent) strongly believe such negative portrayals may erode the cultural identity of black South Africans, 68.6% were of the opinion that Generations: The Legacy gives preference to western culture as against South African tribal culture. The findings further showed that the African values and traditions represented in Generations: The Legacy do not significantly reflect the South African tribal tradition and values (p-value > 0.05). In the few occasions that African traditional values are represented Generations: The Legacy, they tend to be portrayed as old fashioned (p-value > 0.05), and inferior and backward (p-value > 0.05). In addition, the findings indicate that Generations: The Legacy is a vehicle for promoting dominant culture. Nearly, 59percent of the respondents stated that watching Generations: The Legacy affect the way they view South African tribal culture, while 59.1percent indicated that watching Generations: The Legacy has somehow affected their perception of their own cultural identity. In all, participants rated the representation of South African tribal culture as poor. The study concludes that while South African tribal culture is increasingly finding expression on mainstream soap opera, tribal South African values and beliefs are often depicted as old-fashioned, and inimical to modernisation, and individual’s freedom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Onyenankeya, Oluwayemisi Mary
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Television criticism Mass media and culture Mass media--Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Communication
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15430 , vital:40407
- Description: Commercial media entertainment offerings in South Africa especially mainstream soap operas, are progressively infusing dominant social values and ideas which are alien to South African tribal societies. In most of the commodified television drama series, people who hold tight to traditional beliefs and values are often characterised as traditionalists, while those who have imbibed the western defined dicta and ideology of modernity are seen as progressives. This study therefore, sought to ascertain how South African tribal language, traditional institutions, values, social norms and ancestral beliefs are portrayed through the television drama, Generations: The Legacy and what the viewers think about those constructions and the implication for cultural identity. The mixed methods approach was employed involving the administration of questionnaire to 350 participants selected through random sampling and a content analysis of 20 episodes of Generations: The Legacy. The findings suggest that Generations: The Legacy tends to portray South African tribal culture negatively (p-value > 0.05). More than half of the respondents (52percent) strongly believe such negative portrayals may erode the cultural identity of black South Africans, 68.6% were of the opinion that Generations: The Legacy gives preference to western culture as against South African tribal culture. The findings further showed that the African values and traditions represented in Generations: The Legacy do not significantly reflect the South African tribal tradition and values (p-value > 0.05). In the few occasions that African traditional values are represented Generations: The Legacy, they tend to be portrayed as old fashioned (p-value > 0.05), and inferior and backward (p-value > 0.05). In addition, the findings indicate that Generations: The Legacy is a vehicle for promoting dominant culture. Nearly, 59percent of the respondents stated that watching Generations: The Legacy affect the way they view South African tribal culture, while 59.1percent indicated that watching Generations: The Legacy has somehow affected their perception of their own cultural identity. In all, participants rated the representation of South African tribal culture as poor. The study concludes that while South African tribal culture is increasingly finding expression on mainstream soap opera, tribal South African values and beliefs are often depicted as old-fashioned, and inimical to modernisation, and individual’s freedom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A bring your own device information security behavioural model
- Authors: Musarurwa, Alfred
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Data protection Computer security -- Management Privacy, Right of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8587 , vital:33166
- Description: The Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) phenomenon has become prevalent in the modern-day workplace, including the banking industry. Employees who own devices have become the unintended administrators of the organisation’s information as their mobile devices often carry information belonging to the organisation. The unintended administrator is not necessarily schooled or aware of the information security risks and challenges that are associated with the BYOD. This inadvertently shifts the management of organisational information security from the information technology (IT) administrator to the unintended administrator. This shift leaves the organisation at risk of information security breaches that can permeate the organisation, which result from the behaviour that the unintended administrator displays when operating the mobile device. This study introduces the BYOD Information Security Behavioural (BISB) model. The model constructs are a combination of individual and organisational traits of the unintended administrator. The purpose of this study is to mitigate the risks posed by the unintended administrator in organisations through the implementation this model. The risk that the unintended administrator poses in relation to the BYOD phenomenon results in chief information officers (CIOs) being unable to totally control these mobile devices. Traditional endpoint information security management tools and methods can no longer secure devices in the BYOD the way they can in the traditional network where they are confined to the organisation’s IT administrator. This results in the organisation’s information security becoming the responsibility of the unintended administrator. This study was conducted in the banking sector in Zimbabwe. It is noteworthy that the BYOD phenomenon has become prevalent in the banking sector among other organisational sectors like education, health or even government departments. Information security is also an important component of the banks as such and a choice was made to conduct the study in the banking industry. The design science research paradigm was followed in this study and included a survey of 270 bank employees in Zimbabwe, which received 170 complete responses. A literature review on both employee behaviour and organisational culture was conducted, followed by a case study of a commercial bank in Zimbabwe. The literature review culminated in traits that were then classified as individual traits and organisational traits. Six constructs –, knowledge, attitude, habit, environment, governance and training – were identified from the literature and combined to form the BYOD information security behavioural (BISB) model. Statistical calculations were conducted on the survey results which informed the reliability, validity and rigour of the model constructs. An expert review including industry experts was conducted to evaluate the BISB model. This study concludes by recommending that organisations in Zimbabwe should make use of the BISB model to mitigate the information security risks that are posed by the unintended administrator. While there are technical solutions for managing the information security risks that come with the BYOD, this study points out that without harnessing the individual and organisational traits that make up the BYOD information security behavioural model for the unintended administrator, technical solutions alone will not be effective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Musarurwa, Alfred
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Data protection Computer security -- Management Privacy, Right of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8587 , vital:33166
- Description: The Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) phenomenon has become prevalent in the modern-day workplace, including the banking industry. Employees who own devices have become the unintended administrators of the organisation’s information as their mobile devices often carry information belonging to the organisation. The unintended administrator is not necessarily schooled or aware of the information security risks and challenges that are associated with the BYOD. This inadvertently shifts the management of organisational information security from the information technology (IT) administrator to the unintended administrator. This shift leaves the organisation at risk of information security breaches that can permeate the organisation, which result from the behaviour that the unintended administrator displays when operating the mobile device. This study introduces the BYOD Information Security Behavioural (BISB) model. The model constructs are a combination of individual and organisational traits of the unintended administrator. The purpose of this study is to mitigate the risks posed by the unintended administrator in organisations through the implementation this model. The risk that the unintended administrator poses in relation to the BYOD phenomenon results in chief information officers (CIOs) being unable to totally control these mobile devices. Traditional endpoint information security management tools and methods can no longer secure devices in the BYOD the way they can in the traditional network where they are confined to the organisation’s IT administrator. This results in the organisation’s information security becoming the responsibility of the unintended administrator. This study was conducted in the banking sector in Zimbabwe. It is noteworthy that the BYOD phenomenon has become prevalent in the banking sector among other organisational sectors like education, health or even government departments. Information security is also an important component of the banks as such and a choice was made to conduct the study in the banking industry. The design science research paradigm was followed in this study and included a survey of 270 bank employees in Zimbabwe, which received 170 complete responses. A literature review on both employee behaviour and organisational culture was conducted, followed by a case study of a commercial bank in Zimbabwe. The literature review culminated in traits that were then classified as individual traits and organisational traits. Six constructs –, knowledge, attitude, habit, environment, governance and training – were identified from the literature and combined to form the BYOD information security behavioural (BISB) model. Statistical calculations were conducted on the survey results which informed the reliability, validity and rigour of the model constructs. An expert review including industry experts was conducted to evaluate the BISB model. This study concludes by recommending that organisations in Zimbabwe should make use of the BISB model to mitigate the information security risks that are posed by the unintended administrator. While there are technical solutions for managing the information security risks that come with the BYOD, this study points out that without harnessing the individual and organisational traits that make up the BYOD information security behavioural model for the unintended administrator, technical solutions alone will not be effective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A Case study of students' first additional language reading and response in the faculty of education at the University of Fort Hare: Eastern Cape
- Authors: Linake, Manthekeleng A
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Language and education Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- South Africa --Eastern Cape English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5851 , vital:29402
- Description: Although reading ability alone cannot guarantee academic success, it is highly likely that a lack of reading can function as a key barrier to academic achievement. There are many other factors that are part of the causality. Of these, socio-economic status, teaching methods, parental involvement and lack of exposure to LoLT are probably the most important. Classroom teaching for reading instruction needs to be considered as the critical factor in preventing reading problems and must be the central focus for change. As such, teachers’ acquisition of the teaching skills necessary to bring about the development of literate language competency are critical especially in South Africa where many assumptions have been largely unquestioned about how to teach reading and writing, which languages to use and what counts as high quality practice in classrooms (Banda, 2000). The main aim of the study was to investigate principally reading with the use of English first additional language (FAL) in South African Universities. The objectives included enabling students to successfully learn reading in order to promote their’ reading to such a level that they can continue reading to learn and not learning to read. The researcher was particularly interested in exploring broader trends in reading strategies, instructions and training for students with the intention of contributing possible strategies to address the training of students for their role as literacy instructors in English as well as in multilingual education in South Africa. Methodologically, the study is premised within the interpretivist paradigm based on a qualitative research method. It is a case study design. It is a longitudinal study that covered a total of four years, the duration for a B Ed degree. The population comprises all forth year English teaching methods class and ten lecturers in the programme. The data collection tools included documents, participant observation, journal entry, assessments and focus groups. Interviews were granted to a purposively selected number of students (9) based on their academic performance over the years. There were three weak, three medium and three strong students that were interviewed. A total of 10 teachers were randomly selected from the Faculty to get their input about students’ reading. The ages of the respondents ranged from 18-60. The study concluded that students prefer to be taught in English although most see it as a barrier to learning. The findings showed that language learning can be easier if it is considered as social practice with academic purpose. The researcher recommends that there is need for a reduction of administrative duties from the lecturers to create more time for consultation. She or he also see a need for tutorials which can help to expose learners even more to interaction in EFAL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Linake, Manthekeleng A
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Language and education Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- South Africa --Eastern Cape English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5851 , vital:29402
- Description: Although reading ability alone cannot guarantee academic success, it is highly likely that a lack of reading can function as a key barrier to academic achievement. There are many other factors that are part of the causality. Of these, socio-economic status, teaching methods, parental involvement and lack of exposure to LoLT are probably the most important. Classroom teaching for reading instruction needs to be considered as the critical factor in preventing reading problems and must be the central focus for change. As such, teachers’ acquisition of the teaching skills necessary to bring about the development of literate language competency are critical especially in South Africa where many assumptions have been largely unquestioned about how to teach reading and writing, which languages to use and what counts as high quality practice in classrooms (Banda, 2000). The main aim of the study was to investigate principally reading with the use of English first additional language (FAL) in South African Universities. The objectives included enabling students to successfully learn reading in order to promote their’ reading to such a level that they can continue reading to learn and not learning to read. The researcher was particularly interested in exploring broader trends in reading strategies, instructions and training for students with the intention of contributing possible strategies to address the training of students for their role as literacy instructors in English as well as in multilingual education in South Africa. Methodologically, the study is premised within the interpretivist paradigm based on a qualitative research method. It is a case study design. It is a longitudinal study that covered a total of four years, the duration for a B Ed degree. The population comprises all forth year English teaching methods class and ten lecturers in the programme. The data collection tools included documents, participant observation, journal entry, assessments and focus groups. Interviews were granted to a purposively selected number of students (9) based on their academic performance over the years. There were three weak, three medium and three strong students that were interviewed. A total of 10 teachers were randomly selected from the Faculty to get their input about students’ reading. The ages of the respondents ranged from 18-60. The study concluded that students prefer to be taught in English although most see it as a barrier to learning. The findings showed that language learning can be easier if it is considered as social practice with academic purpose. The researcher recommends that there is need for a reduction of administrative duties from the lecturers to create more time for consultation. She or he also see a need for tutorials which can help to expose learners even more to interaction in EFAL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A comparative analysis of the rights of the child with particular reference to child soldiers
- Authors: Anwo, Joel Olasunkanmi
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Children's rights -- Child welfare -- Demobilization of children , Disarmament -- Reintegration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , LLD
- Identifier: vital:11108 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/102 , Children's rights -- Child welfare -- Demobilization of children , Disarmament -- Reintegration
- Description: The recruitment, enlistment and forceful conscription of children as soldiers is a cause for grave concern all over the world and most especially in Africa, where years of factional fighting, civil wars and cross border conflicts have raged, children and youth have been pulled into violence not only as victims, but also as perpetrators. The involvement of children in war posses a severe challenge to prevailing moral and legal norms of the conduct of modern warfare. A major problem and most controversial issue, among others, is on the age at which children should be eligible to become combatants. Children, who may be viewed as a valuable resource due to their often inherent malleability, wish to avenge family member(s) killed in war, sense of immunity to danger, and or feeling of power in participating in the violence. Can the use of children as soldiers be effectively regulated in Africa? All efforts to assist child soldiers in recovering from the devastating effects of wars often unwillingly helped promote the growing number of child soldiers. This is in part because wars are now more fought internally among rebel armies and factions vying for power with the government and thus enlist children into their various armies. The study comes to a conclusion that drastic steps need to be taken to ameliorate this unfortunate situation. This formed the basis of the recommendations offered in the thesis to assist the African continent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Anwo, Joel Olasunkanmi
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Children's rights -- Child welfare -- Demobilization of children , Disarmament -- Reintegration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , LLD
- Identifier: vital:11108 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/102 , Children's rights -- Child welfare -- Demobilization of children , Disarmament -- Reintegration
- Description: The recruitment, enlistment and forceful conscription of children as soldiers is a cause for grave concern all over the world and most especially in Africa, where years of factional fighting, civil wars and cross border conflicts have raged, children and youth have been pulled into violence not only as victims, but also as perpetrators. The involvement of children in war posses a severe challenge to prevailing moral and legal norms of the conduct of modern warfare. A major problem and most controversial issue, among others, is on the age at which children should be eligible to become combatants. Children, who may be viewed as a valuable resource due to their often inherent malleability, wish to avenge family member(s) killed in war, sense of immunity to danger, and or feeling of power in participating in the violence. Can the use of children as soldiers be effectively regulated in Africa? All efforts to assist child soldiers in recovering from the devastating effects of wars often unwillingly helped promote the growing number of child soldiers. This is in part because wars are now more fought internally among rebel armies and factions vying for power with the government and thus enlist children into their various armies. The study comes to a conclusion that drastic steps need to be taken to ameliorate this unfortunate situation. This formed the basis of the recommendations offered in the thesis to assist the African continent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
A comparative study of the in vitro antidiabetic properties, cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of Albuca bracteata and Albuca setosa bulb extracts
- Authors: Odeyemi, Samuel Wale
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Medicinal plants Herbs -- Therapeutic use Diabetics -- Alternative treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3154 , vital:28327
- Description: The search for cheap, non toxic and readily available antidiabetic drugs has been a challenge for researchers and the pharmaceutical industries. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by defects in the synthesis of insulin and/or insensitivity to the action of insulin at the target cells. The disease has been on the increase mostly in developing countries where large proportions of the population have little access to good medical care due to either accessibility or non availability of synthetic drugs. This has led to the use of medicinal plants to treat diabetes because it is safe, cheap and with few side effects. There is little scientific evidence on the dosages, active compounds, mechanisms of action and toxicity of these traditionally used plants. Two of the most frequently used plants; Albuca setosa and Albuca bracteata were investigated in this study. The qualitative analysis of different extractions of these plants revealed the presence of phenolics, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. The antioxidant properties of aqueous, acetone and methanollic extracts of Albuca setosa and Albuca bracteata were investigated using models such as Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), Ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). Both plants revealed inhibitions against DPPH in a concentration - dependent manner with Albuca setosa (0.330 mg/ml) showing higher activity than Albuca bracteata (0.647 mg/ml) determined from the IC50. The aqueous extract of Albuca setosa showed a higher inhibition against DPPH radical compared to the Albuca bracteata aqueous extract at all concentrations investigated. The isolated saponins from Albuca bracteata had a higher DPPH scavenging activity than the crude methanolic extract of the plant in a concentration - dependent manner but are significantly different from each other at 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/ml only. The IC50 of the saponins was also observed to be higher than the crude extracts and standards.The Albuca setosa aqueous extract showed a higher percentage inhibition of ABTS radicals than Albuca bracteata at all the concentrations investigated. Overall, the Albuca setosa aqueous extract (0.0809 mg/ml) showed maximum activity against ABTS radicals. The iron reducing power was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the methanolic extract of both plants compared to the aqueous counterpart. Overall, the Albuca bracteata aqueous extract (0.344 mg/ml) showed maximum activity as indicated by the IC50. The aqueous extracts of both plants also revealed percentage inhibitions in a concentration - dependent manner against NO2. The aqueous extract of Albuca bracteata bulb was more active against nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide inhibition. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated at a high dose of 100 μg/ml on Chang liver cells and determined using MTT, crystal violet, glucose consumption, lactate production and lactate dehydrogenase release and FRAP. The aqueous extracts of both Albuca setosa and Albuca bracteata were non-toxic on Chang liver cells at the concentrations investigated. The MTT revealed that the aqueous extract of Albuca setosa bulb had the optimum cell viability of 108.09 percent while the acetonic extract of Albuca bracteata showed the least cell viability (37.72 percent) compared with the control. The crystal violet test also revealed the acetone extract of Albuca bracteata to have the least percentage of cell viability at 31.47 percent, while the aqueous extract of Albuca setosa showed the maximum cell viability at 112.5 percent. The aqueous extracts of both plants showed higher percentage cell density on the second day of incubation from the proliferation assay. All the tested samples were observed to consume more glucose than the blank except for the methanollic and acetone extracts of Albuca bracteata bulb. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Albuca setosa bulbs produced the highest lactate with 120.2 μg/ml and 113.7 μg/ml respectively. The acetone extracts of both Albuca setosa and Albuca bracteata revealed toxicity with a higher lactate dehydrogenase release compared to the control.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Odeyemi, Samuel Wale
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Medicinal plants Herbs -- Therapeutic use Diabetics -- Alternative treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3154 , vital:28327
- Description: The search for cheap, non toxic and readily available antidiabetic drugs has been a challenge for researchers and the pharmaceutical industries. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by defects in the synthesis of insulin and/or insensitivity to the action of insulin at the target cells. The disease has been on the increase mostly in developing countries where large proportions of the population have little access to good medical care due to either accessibility or non availability of synthetic drugs. This has led to the use of medicinal plants to treat diabetes because it is safe, cheap and with few side effects. There is little scientific evidence on the dosages, active compounds, mechanisms of action and toxicity of these traditionally used plants. Two of the most frequently used plants; Albuca setosa and Albuca bracteata were investigated in this study. The qualitative analysis of different extractions of these plants revealed the presence of phenolics, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. The antioxidant properties of aqueous, acetone and methanollic extracts of Albuca setosa and Albuca bracteata were investigated using models such as Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), Ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). Both plants revealed inhibitions against DPPH in a concentration - dependent manner with Albuca setosa (0.330 mg/ml) showing higher activity than Albuca bracteata (0.647 mg/ml) determined from the IC50. The aqueous extract of Albuca setosa showed a higher inhibition against DPPH radical compared to the Albuca bracteata aqueous extract at all concentrations investigated. The isolated saponins from Albuca bracteata had a higher DPPH scavenging activity than the crude methanolic extract of the plant in a concentration - dependent manner but are significantly different from each other at 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/ml only. The IC50 of the saponins was also observed to be higher than the crude extracts and standards.The Albuca setosa aqueous extract showed a higher percentage inhibition of ABTS radicals than Albuca bracteata at all the concentrations investigated. Overall, the Albuca setosa aqueous extract (0.0809 mg/ml) showed maximum activity against ABTS radicals. The iron reducing power was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the methanolic extract of both plants compared to the aqueous counterpart. Overall, the Albuca bracteata aqueous extract (0.344 mg/ml) showed maximum activity as indicated by the IC50. The aqueous extracts of both plants also revealed percentage inhibitions in a concentration - dependent manner against NO2. The aqueous extract of Albuca bracteata bulb was more active against nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide inhibition. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated at a high dose of 100 μg/ml on Chang liver cells and determined using MTT, crystal violet, glucose consumption, lactate production and lactate dehydrogenase release and FRAP. The aqueous extracts of both Albuca setosa and Albuca bracteata were non-toxic on Chang liver cells at the concentrations investigated. The MTT revealed that the aqueous extract of Albuca setosa bulb had the optimum cell viability of 108.09 percent while the acetonic extract of Albuca bracteata showed the least cell viability (37.72 percent) compared with the control. The crystal violet test also revealed the acetone extract of Albuca bracteata to have the least percentage of cell viability at 31.47 percent, while the aqueous extract of Albuca setosa showed the maximum cell viability at 112.5 percent. The aqueous extracts of both plants showed higher percentage cell density on the second day of incubation from the proliferation assay. All the tested samples were observed to consume more glucose than the blank except for the methanollic and acetone extracts of Albuca bracteata bulb. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Albuca setosa bulbs produced the highest lactate with 120.2 μg/ml and 113.7 μg/ml respectively. The acetone extracts of both Albuca setosa and Albuca bracteata revealed toxicity with a higher lactate dehydrogenase release compared to the control.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A critical analysis of the dynamics of intergovernmental relations in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Chakunda, Vincent
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Intergovernmental fiscal relations -- Zimbabwe International relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7979 , vital:31345
- Description: The field of intergovernmental relations (IGR), both from a conceptual and practical perspective presents a contested order in Zimbabwe’s political and public administration discourse, with a fairly long and complex historical and institutional context. The advent of colonialism in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) gave birth to a dualised form of government with a separatist development agenda. The dualistic model of government was anchored on a segregationist centralist ideology that advanced a white supremacist agenda while entrenching underdevelopment in native areas. This was attained through the use of draconic and ingrained racially discriminatory laws, ordinances and policy enactments, inter alia, the 1910 High Commissioner’s Proclamation, the Native Councils Act, the African Councils Act, and the District Councils Act which supported the overriding philosophy of colonialist hegemony. The direct rule policy was used and in practice, administrative, political, judicial and legislative powers were under the purview of the whites. Under this political dispensation, the nature of IGR was typically a master-servant relationship as African institutions had limited policy latitude under the tentacles of race-driven white control over the socio-economic and political space with an exploitative and subservient underpinning. The demise of colonialism and the birth of independent Zimbabwe in 1980 ushered a new political dispensation. The post-independence government embarked on a number of reforms aimed at dismantling the racist undertones of government. These reforms include the expanded decentralization frameworks supported by legislative instruments and policies such as the 1984 Prime Minister’s Directive and the 1996 thirteen principles of decentralization. Other key reforms are the 1996 Urban Councils Act, Chapter 29:15 and the 1988 Rural District Councils Act, Chapter 29:13. However, it is important to note that despite this plethora of legislation and reforms purportedly meant to dismantle racist backed institutional differentiation, the new national government did not depose its excessive control on sub-national governments. It is therefore an insoluble contradiction that the legislation and institutions created in post-independence Zimbabwe promoted the autonomy of sub-national governments while broadening democracy and citizen participation. This era rather presents an aporetic discourse epitomized by the national government’s perfection of colonial dominance approaches through creating legislation and institutions to retain wide and extensive control of sub-national governments. The Global Political Agreement of 2009 culminated into the promulgation of the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment Number 20 of 2013 with provisions for devolution of power, Provincial and Metropolitan Councils and the enshrinement of Local Government as a tier of government with constitutionally guaranteed autonomy. However, despite these reforms with far reaching implications on the configuration of IGR, the ZANUPF led national government is lethargic in implementing them. This has sparked controversy as these constitutional reforms and their potential to promote an integrated and efficient system of governance may turn out to be a pyrrhic victory. This is so because the necessary legislation anchoring the constitutional reforms may not be created in the foreseeable future as the current national government views devolution, for instance, as tantamount to surrendering political power to sub-national institutions. The purpose of the study was to critically examine the dynamics of intergovernmental relations in Zimbabwe. The overlapping authority model of IGR and the theory of networked governance underpinned the study. A comparative study of IGR was conducted focusing on two federal nations (United States of America) and Nigeria) and two unitary nations (United Kingdom and South Africa). A qualitative phenomenological methodology was used and the sample size was 20 respondents selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis. Key findings of the study reflected on the conception and relevance of IGR in unitary nations in contrast to classical perspectives that restricted the field as a discourse of federalism. The study established that the unitary system of Zimbabwe is anchored on a strong centralist ideology that suffocates the autonomy of sub-national institutions. In the same context, there is absence of political will on the part of the ZANUPF led government to implement crucial constitutional reforms that have a bearing on the configuration of IGR. The study also revealed that political party incongruence is a threat to intergovernmental coordination, integrated planning and collaborative development. Various recommendations were made from the study and these include that national government should expedite the implementation of the Constitution, codification of IGR by way of legislation and rationalization of fiscal transfers and intergovernmental fiscal equalization.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Chakunda, Vincent
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Intergovernmental fiscal relations -- Zimbabwe International relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7979 , vital:31345
- Description: The field of intergovernmental relations (IGR), both from a conceptual and practical perspective presents a contested order in Zimbabwe’s political and public administration discourse, with a fairly long and complex historical and institutional context. The advent of colonialism in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) gave birth to a dualised form of government with a separatist development agenda. The dualistic model of government was anchored on a segregationist centralist ideology that advanced a white supremacist agenda while entrenching underdevelopment in native areas. This was attained through the use of draconic and ingrained racially discriminatory laws, ordinances and policy enactments, inter alia, the 1910 High Commissioner’s Proclamation, the Native Councils Act, the African Councils Act, and the District Councils Act which supported the overriding philosophy of colonialist hegemony. The direct rule policy was used and in practice, administrative, political, judicial and legislative powers were under the purview of the whites. Under this political dispensation, the nature of IGR was typically a master-servant relationship as African institutions had limited policy latitude under the tentacles of race-driven white control over the socio-economic and political space with an exploitative and subservient underpinning. The demise of colonialism and the birth of independent Zimbabwe in 1980 ushered a new political dispensation. The post-independence government embarked on a number of reforms aimed at dismantling the racist undertones of government. These reforms include the expanded decentralization frameworks supported by legislative instruments and policies such as the 1984 Prime Minister’s Directive and the 1996 thirteen principles of decentralization. Other key reforms are the 1996 Urban Councils Act, Chapter 29:15 and the 1988 Rural District Councils Act, Chapter 29:13. However, it is important to note that despite this plethora of legislation and reforms purportedly meant to dismantle racist backed institutional differentiation, the new national government did not depose its excessive control on sub-national governments. It is therefore an insoluble contradiction that the legislation and institutions created in post-independence Zimbabwe promoted the autonomy of sub-national governments while broadening democracy and citizen participation. This era rather presents an aporetic discourse epitomized by the national government’s perfection of colonial dominance approaches through creating legislation and institutions to retain wide and extensive control of sub-national governments. The Global Political Agreement of 2009 culminated into the promulgation of the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment Number 20 of 2013 with provisions for devolution of power, Provincial and Metropolitan Councils and the enshrinement of Local Government as a tier of government with constitutionally guaranteed autonomy. However, despite these reforms with far reaching implications on the configuration of IGR, the ZANUPF led national government is lethargic in implementing them. This has sparked controversy as these constitutional reforms and their potential to promote an integrated and efficient system of governance may turn out to be a pyrrhic victory. This is so because the necessary legislation anchoring the constitutional reforms may not be created in the foreseeable future as the current national government views devolution, for instance, as tantamount to surrendering political power to sub-national institutions. The purpose of the study was to critically examine the dynamics of intergovernmental relations in Zimbabwe. The overlapping authority model of IGR and the theory of networked governance underpinned the study. A comparative study of IGR was conducted focusing on two federal nations (United States of America) and Nigeria) and two unitary nations (United Kingdom and South Africa). A qualitative phenomenological methodology was used and the sample size was 20 respondents selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis. Key findings of the study reflected on the conception and relevance of IGR in unitary nations in contrast to classical perspectives that restricted the field as a discourse of federalism. The study established that the unitary system of Zimbabwe is anchored on a strong centralist ideology that suffocates the autonomy of sub-national institutions. In the same context, there is absence of political will on the part of the ZANUPF led government to implement crucial constitutional reforms that have a bearing on the configuration of IGR. The study also revealed that political party incongruence is a threat to intergovernmental coordination, integrated planning and collaborative development. Various recommendations were made from the study and these include that national government should expedite the implementation of the Constitution, codification of IGR by way of legislation and rationalization of fiscal transfers and intergovernmental fiscal equalization.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A critical analysis of the influence of media reporting on xenophobic behaviours among students in selected South African universities
- Authors: Mgogo, Quatro
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Reporters and reporting Xenophobia -- South Africa Universities and colleges -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17495 , vital:41081
- Description: A number of theoretical and empirically proven studies have shown that the media exert varying degree of influence on audience members. The South African media framing and coverage of foreign nationals is a good example of this. Media critics and scholars hold that the way and manner foreign nationals are represented in South African media landscape contributes to the endemic xenophobic outbreaks in the country. (Endong, 2018; George & Aidoo, 2017). This study aims to critically analyse the influence of media reporting on xenophobic behaviours among students in selected South African universities. Part of its aim is to assert if there exist xenophobic behaviours among students learning in South African universities, which are influenced by the manner in which media reports have stigmatised foreign nationals. Therefore, this study looked at three South African universities, namely the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus, the University of KwaZulu Natal, Howard college campus and the University of Johannesburg, Soweto campus. Data for the study were collected using the qualitative methods, particularly the focus groups discussions and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study have revealed that xenophobic behaviours were evident among students, in lecture-rooms, as well as student residences. The participants also confirmed that the media’s focus and reliance on negative stereotypes and generalized information when representing foreign nationals were the main contributing factors to xenophobic behaviours, including its previous adopting of the words like Amakwerekwere, Aliens and Amagrigamba. In an attempt to discourage xenophobic behaviours, this study has therefore recommended peace journalism and Ubuntu journalism as alternative models for reporting xenophobic violence and conflict.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mgogo, Quatro
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Reporters and reporting Xenophobia -- South Africa Universities and colleges -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17495 , vital:41081
- Description: A number of theoretical and empirically proven studies have shown that the media exert varying degree of influence on audience members. The South African media framing and coverage of foreign nationals is a good example of this. Media critics and scholars hold that the way and manner foreign nationals are represented in South African media landscape contributes to the endemic xenophobic outbreaks in the country. (Endong, 2018; George & Aidoo, 2017). This study aims to critically analyse the influence of media reporting on xenophobic behaviours among students in selected South African universities. Part of its aim is to assert if there exist xenophobic behaviours among students learning in South African universities, which are influenced by the manner in which media reports have stigmatised foreign nationals. Therefore, this study looked at three South African universities, namely the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus, the University of KwaZulu Natal, Howard college campus and the University of Johannesburg, Soweto campus. Data for the study were collected using the qualitative methods, particularly the focus groups discussions and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study have revealed that xenophobic behaviours were evident among students, in lecture-rooms, as well as student residences. The participants also confirmed that the media’s focus and reliance on negative stereotypes and generalized information when representing foreign nationals were the main contributing factors to xenophobic behaviours, including its previous adopting of the words like Amakwerekwere, Aliens and Amagrigamba. In an attempt to discourage xenophobic behaviours, this study has therefore recommended peace journalism and Ubuntu journalism as alternative models for reporting xenophobic violence and conflict.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A critical analysis of the role of strategic communication in strategic planning : a case study of South African universities
- Authors: Hadji, Mutambuli James
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Communication in management Business communication Strategic planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8209 , vital:31978
- Description: The debate on how the communication function can contribute at a strategic level to organisational success is an on-going one because communicators still need to prove their relevance at the top management level. In general, the contribution of communication as a management function in corporate strategy is not known. It is either considered an afterthought or as an element within other functional departments. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to analyse critically the role of communication in strategic planning at the selected South African universities. To achieve this main objective, institutional theory was applied, as it seeks to affirm the role of communication in decision-making with the intention to be legitimised. In-depth interviews were conducted with senior communicators and strategy planners at six universities on how they approach strategic planning in their respective universities. Significant from the findings was the fact that the South African universities follow the same process for strategic planning. Regarding the role of strategic communication, the findings confirmed literature in the sense that communication practice at functional level has been institutionalised but not at the top management level. It was this study’s finding that university reputation and positioning did not prominently feature in the strategic planning processes. Furthermore, this study found that communicators should play a leading in environmental scanning to identify society, industry and commerce with a view to fine-tune the university’s qualification mix. That is, communicators should provide intelligence on changes in the environment which serve as the basis of the development of university strategies. In other words, they should provide vital information to top management to enable them to take informed strategic decisions. Lastly, it was this study’s finding that communicators should conduct evaluation research to assist top management in comparing the set strategic objectives with actual performance. In addition, the communicators should assist top management in determining corrective actions if need be. In view of these findings, this study developed guidelines that will empower communicators to make a more meaningful contribution in the strategic planning process. Given the paucity of research evidence of strategic communication in a university context, the study provides a better understanding of the theory and practice thereof.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Hadji, Mutambuli James
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Communication in management Business communication Strategic planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8209 , vital:31978
- Description: The debate on how the communication function can contribute at a strategic level to organisational success is an on-going one because communicators still need to prove their relevance at the top management level. In general, the contribution of communication as a management function in corporate strategy is not known. It is either considered an afterthought or as an element within other functional departments. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to analyse critically the role of communication in strategic planning at the selected South African universities. To achieve this main objective, institutional theory was applied, as it seeks to affirm the role of communication in decision-making with the intention to be legitimised. In-depth interviews were conducted with senior communicators and strategy planners at six universities on how they approach strategic planning in their respective universities. Significant from the findings was the fact that the South African universities follow the same process for strategic planning. Regarding the role of strategic communication, the findings confirmed literature in the sense that communication practice at functional level has been institutionalised but not at the top management level. It was this study’s finding that university reputation and positioning did not prominently feature in the strategic planning processes. Furthermore, this study found that communicators should play a leading in environmental scanning to identify society, industry and commerce with a view to fine-tune the university’s qualification mix. That is, communicators should provide intelligence on changes in the environment which serve as the basis of the development of university strategies. In other words, they should provide vital information to top management to enable them to take informed strategic decisions. Lastly, it was this study’s finding that communicators should conduct evaluation research to assist top management in comparing the set strategic objectives with actual performance. In addition, the communicators should assist top management in determining corrective actions if need be. In view of these findings, this study developed guidelines that will empower communicators to make a more meaningful contribution in the strategic planning process. Given the paucity of research evidence of strategic communication in a university context, the study provides a better understanding of the theory and practice thereof.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A Critical analysis of trade facilitation practices of Zimbabwe customs administration
- Authors: Ntuli, Ferdinand Everest
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Trade blocs International economic integration Border stations -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Public Administration)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10636 , vital:35648
- Description: Trade facilitation practices are an attempt to eradicate non-tariff barriers. Barriers to trade may be encountered before goods reach the border, at the border or after goods reach the border. This study is concerned with processes that occur at the border. This suggests that trade facilitation is viewed within the context of customs procedures and operations at the border posts that have been identified. This study undertakes an analysis of trade facilitation practices in the Zimbabwe customs administration. The study endeavours to identify bottlenecks in the movement of goods across borders. The study tries to establish the extent to which trade facilitation practices in Zimbabwe conform to international best practice. The study also attempts to establish opportunities and threats for trade facilitation in the current arrangements. The researcher establishes that the following areas require improvement through further study; simplicity of procedures, transparency of processes, cooperation of stakeholders, standardisation of processes harmonisation of processes and predictability of processes .The research problem lies in the delays and increased trade transaction costs that have been reported by traders. This ultimately leads to traders who are not competitive on the international scene. It also makes it difficult for small to medium enterprises since they are affected more by high trade transaction costs due to lower profits and turnover. The Zimbabwean economy is dominated by small to medium enterprises which contribute significantly to the economy. The assumption of the study is that if trade facilitation practices are implemented trade volumes will increase leading to a vibrant national economy. The research problem is examined through an assessment of the perception of traders, clearing agents and customs officials on the effectiveness of trade facilitation practices that are currently in place. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative methodologies was used. The major tool used was a self-administered questionnaire issued to traders. Focus group discussions and secondary data from documents were important, especially for qualitative data. The conclusions of the research are premised on the responses by the respondents. The study takes a particular interest in trade facilitation measures prescribed by regional, multilateral and plurilateral organisations. The study examines the extent of conformity to trade facilitation measures prescribed by international organisations. The recommendations presented in the study are derived from the input and responses provided by the participants. Recommendations presented are aimed at bringing about solutions to the shortcomings in trade facilitation practices. The study has identified areas that need to be addressed so as to ensure facilitation of trade. However there are still some areas that require further studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Ntuli, Ferdinand Everest
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Trade blocs International economic integration Border stations -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Public Administration)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10636 , vital:35648
- Description: Trade facilitation practices are an attempt to eradicate non-tariff barriers. Barriers to trade may be encountered before goods reach the border, at the border or after goods reach the border. This study is concerned with processes that occur at the border. This suggests that trade facilitation is viewed within the context of customs procedures and operations at the border posts that have been identified. This study undertakes an analysis of trade facilitation practices in the Zimbabwe customs administration. The study endeavours to identify bottlenecks in the movement of goods across borders. The study tries to establish the extent to which trade facilitation practices in Zimbabwe conform to international best practice. The study also attempts to establish opportunities and threats for trade facilitation in the current arrangements. The researcher establishes that the following areas require improvement through further study; simplicity of procedures, transparency of processes, cooperation of stakeholders, standardisation of processes harmonisation of processes and predictability of processes .The research problem lies in the delays and increased trade transaction costs that have been reported by traders. This ultimately leads to traders who are not competitive on the international scene. It also makes it difficult for small to medium enterprises since they are affected more by high trade transaction costs due to lower profits and turnover. The Zimbabwean economy is dominated by small to medium enterprises which contribute significantly to the economy. The assumption of the study is that if trade facilitation practices are implemented trade volumes will increase leading to a vibrant national economy. The research problem is examined through an assessment of the perception of traders, clearing agents and customs officials on the effectiveness of trade facilitation practices that are currently in place. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative methodologies was used. The major tool used was a self-administered questionnaire issued to traders. Focus group discussions and secondary data from documents were important, especially for qualitative data. The conclusions of the research are premised on the responses by the respondents. The study takes a particular interest in trade facilitation measures prescribed by regional, multilateral and plurilateral organisations. The study examines the extent of conformity to trade facilitation measures prescribed by international organisations. The recommendations presented in the study are derived from the input and responses provided by the participants. Recommendations presented are aimed at bringing about solutions to the shortcomings in trade facilitation practices. The study has identified areas that need to be addressed so as to ensure facilitation of trade. However there are still some areas that require further studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A critical assessment of the implementation of community development projects in mitigating youth unemployment: A case of Mashonaland West province Zimbabwe
- Authors: Mafa, Dennyford
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- Evaluation Poverty -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17473 , vital:41079
- Description: The aim of the study was to critically assess the implementation of community development projects in mitigating youth unemployment in Mashonaland province of Zimbabwe. The study used the mixed method which dwells beneath a social phenomenon in order to draw substantiated findings. Data was collected using three method and these include, individual face-to- face interviews, focus group discussion and questionnaire administered to youth, government officials and the local authorities. The study was underpinned by the asset based community development theory and sustainable livelihood approach. Findings highlighted that the participants and the respondents meet the characteristics and criterion for selected community development projects aimed at mitigating youth unemployment. The study revealed that there has been lack on youth involvement in the planning and initiation of the youth community development projects which aim to mitigate youth unemployment and poverty eradication. It has been found out that the implementation process of the youth community development projects was surrounded by lack of knowledge and lack of the involvement of the youths, which resulted in the failure of mitigating youth unemployment and eradication of poverty. Although accessibility (to youth) of these community development projects was for all the community youth who were unemployed, it emerged that the access was not as indicated due to factors like, lack of funding, partisan distribution of resources. The study also realized that due to lack of involvement and proper implementation, the youth community development projects were not sustainable, which was evidenced by the high rate of youth unemployment and poverty levels. Furthermore, the study revealed that effectiveness of youth community development projects in v alleviating youth unemployment in the province has also been marred with pitfalls. Thus, there has been an increase of youth unemployment and poverty. Last but not least, the findings of the study revealed that there were a couple of challenges, which are rooted in partnerships, lack of youth inclusion and involvement, as well lack of involvement of other stakeholders with expertise on implementation of youth community development projects to eradicate poverty and alleviate youth unemployment. Regardless of the brilliant ideas and strategic interventions, the government lacks the practicality of the implementation of these intervention strategies. The study found that interventions were there. However, intervention entails a process which has different facets and obligates the government to function systematically to avoid default in the process of service delivery. It is recommended amongst others that the government and various stakeholders should take cognizance and develop mechanisms and strategies for poverty alleviation, growth, development and employment creation for the youth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mafa, Dennyford
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- Evaluation Poverty -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17473 , vital:41079
- Description: The aim of the study was to critically assess the implementation of community development projects in mitigating youth unemployment in Mashonaland province of Zimbabwe. The study used the mixed method which dwells beneath a social phenomenon in order to draw substantiated findings. Data was collected using three method and these include, individual face-to- face interviews, focus group discussion and questionnaire administered to youth, government officials and the local authorities. The study was underpinned by the asset based community development theory and sustainable livelihood approach. Findings highlighted that the participants and the respondents meet the characteristics and criterion for selected community development projects aimed at mitigating youth unemployment. The study revealed that there has been lack on youth involvement in the planning and initiation of the youth community development projects which aim to mitigate youth unemployment and poverty eradication. It has been found out that the implementation process of the youth community development projects was surrounded by lack of knowledge and lack of the involvement of the youths, which resulted in the failure of mitigating youth unemployment and eradication of poverty. Although accessibility (to youth) of these community development projects was for all the community youth who were unemployed, it emerged that the access was not as indicated due to factors like, lack of funding, partisan distribution of resources. The study also realized that due to lack of involvement and proper implementation, the youth community development projects were not sustainable, which was evidenced by the high rate of youth unemployment and poverty levels. Furthermore, the study revealed that effectiveness of youth community development projects in v alleviating youth unemployment in the province has also been marred with pitfalls. Thus, there has been an increase of youth unemployment and poverty. Last but not least, the findings of the study revealed that there were a couple of challenges, which are rooted in partnerships, lack of youth inclusion and involvement, as well lack of involvement of other stakeholders with expertise on implementation of youth community development projects to eradicate poverty and alleviate youth unemployment. Regardless of the brilliant ideas and strategic interventions, the government lacks the practicality of the implementation of these intervention strategies. The study found that interventions were there. However, intervention entails a process which has different facets and obligates the government to function systematically to avoid default in the process of service delivery. It is recommended amongst others that the government and various stakeholders should take cognizance and develop mechanisms and strategies for poverty alleviation, growth, development and employment creation for the youth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A critical assessment of the performance management system and its effect on service delivery : a case study of the Eastern Cape Department of Education
- Authors: Nela, Nobelungu Diana
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Performance--Management Performance standards--South Africa--Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15133 , vital:40189
- Description: The study focused on a critical assessment of the performance management system and its impact on service delivery: a case study of the Eastern Cape Department of Education, South Africa. Significantly poor performance by the department is also experienced in different areas of the establishment. The theory employed is the Balanced Score Card. A Balanced Score Card is a strategic performance management tool in the form of a semi-structured report supported by tested design methods and tools that can be used by managers to keep track of execution of activities by the staff within their control. The research approach that was used in the study was a mixed method, which is a combination of the quantitative and qualitative methods. Mixed method is chosen because of its strength of drawing on both qualitative and quantitative research and minimizing the limitations of both approaches. The data collected was categorised into themes and it is from these themes and / or patterns that the main findings of the research study were formulated for the qualitative part of the research study. Quantitative data was analysed using inferential statistics and the interview guide was transcribed. Analytic induction was used as a method to analyse qualitative data. For interview guide semi – structured interview guide was used to study principal’s views and for the inferential statistics. For quantitative aspect of the questionnaire data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Three instruments were employed to collect data in the study, the questionnaire, semi-structured interview and document analysis. The research showed that the training failed to teach what successful performance is, as expected, among others. The study also indicated that EMS PMDS is not assessing employees’ performance accurately. The results showed that no discussion on ways of improving performance is made where performance has not met minimum standards. The study recommends education and adequate training of departmental employees as well as monitoring and evaluation of the process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nela, Nobelungu Diana
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Performance--Management Performance standards--South Africa--Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15133 , vital:40189
- Description: The study focused on a critical assessment of the performance management system and its impact on service delivery: a case study of the Eastern Cape Department of Education, South Africa. Significantly poor performance by the department is also experienced in different areas of the establishment. The theory employed is the Balanced Score Card. A Balanced Score Card is a strategic performance management tool in the form of a semi-structured report supported by tested design methods and tools that can be used by managers to keep track of execution of activities by the staff within their control. The research approach that was used in the study was a mixed method, which is a combination of the quantitative and qualitative methods. Mixed method is chosen because of its strength of drawing on both qualitative and quantitative research and minimizing the limitations of both approaches. The data collected was categorised into themes and it is from these themes and / or patterns that the main findings of the research study were formulated for the qualitative part of the research study. Quantitative data was analysed using inferential statistics and the interview guide was transcribed. Analytic induction was used as a method to analyse qualitative data. For interview guide semi – structured interview guide was used to study principal’s views and for the inferential statistics. For quantitative aspect of the questionnaire data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Three instruments were employed to collect data in the study, the questionnaire, semi-structured interview and document analysis. The research showed that the training failed to teach what successful performance is, as expected, among others. The study also indicated that EMS PMDS is not assessing employees’ performance accurately. The results showed that no discussion on ways of improving performance is made where performance has not met minimum standards. The study recommends education and adequate training of departmental employees as well as monitoring and evaluation of the process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A critical review of broad based Black Economic Empowerment policy implementation in the forest sector in Amahlathi Municipality
- Authors: Haruna, Suraj
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Blacks -- South Africa -- Economic conditions South Africa -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8736 , vital:33488
- Description: African countries have become synonymous with policy drafters and abortive policy implementers. After independence from long period colonialism, slavery and apartheid, African states policy administrators began putting in place policies to improve either the living conditions of citizens or the inequities emanating from the administration of colonial governments. However, these policies do little to naught to meet the aforementioned goals. The Free Education Systems in Nigeria and Ghana, and the Indigenization Policy in Zimbabwe are examples of policies that experienced miscarriage of policy implementation in the past. This study therefore, aspires to explore the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment policy implementation in the forest sector and specifically identify bottlenecks in the implementation processes in South Africa. Qualitative approach was used in order to meet the primary and secondary objectives of the study. Semi structured interview questions were administered to relevant companies, institutions and the municipality which were purposely sampled to capture the processes of the BBBEE implementation. The study revealed that measured entities are complying with the prescript of the policy but that finance and a continuous policy amendment presents a bottleneck in the implementation dynamics. Lastly, labour intensive measured entities find it impossible to meet the skills development element due to high cost of training. These results suggest that the value envisaged is not being met. The study also found that verification agencies are effectively providing their watchdog function in the implementation of the policy however the use of technology is non-existent in monitoring the process. Finally the study found that agencies are hired by measured entities to verify their BBBEE status which presents a huge inducement for both parties to collude. It also found that the policy is implemented in a top-down approach hence municipalities have been relegated from the implementation process. The study recommends decentralization of the policy in a strategy called Local Economic Equity for the Disadvantaged (LEED) which involves the expertise of white South Africans and permanent resident people in order to build truly inclusive society envisaged by the Constitution of South Africa. Additionally, it recommends the use of technology dubbed e-BBBEE to implement the policy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Haruna, Suraj
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Blacks -- South Africa -- Economic conditions South Africa -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8736 , vital:33488
- Description: African countries have become synonymous with policy drafters and abortive policy implementers. After independence from long period colonialism, slavery and apartheid, African states policy administrators began putting in place policies to improve either the living conditions of citizens or the inequities emanating from the administration of colonial governments. However, these policies do little to naught to meet the aforementioned goals. The Free Education Systems in Nigeria and Ghana, and the Indigenization Policy in Zimbabwe are examples of policies that experienced miscarriage of policy implementation in the past. This study therefore, aspires to explore the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment policy implementation in the forest sector and specifically identify bottlenecks in the implementation processes in South Africa. Qualitative approach was used in order to meet the primary and secondary objectives of the study. Semi structured interview questions were administered to relevant companies, institutions and the municipality which were purposely sampled to capture the processes of the BBBEE implementation. The study revealed that measured entities are complying with the prescript of the policy but that finance and a continuous policy amendment presents a bottleneck in the implementation dynamics. Lastly, labour intensive measured entities find it impossible to meet the skills development element due to high cost of training. These results suggest that the value envisaged is not being met. The study also found that verification agencies are effectively providing their watchdog function in the implementation of the policy however the use of technology is non-existent in monitoring the process. Finally the study found that agencies are hired by measured entities to verify their BBBEE status which presents a huge inducement for both parties to collude. It also found that the policy is implemented in a top-down approach hence municipalities have been relegated from the implementation process. The study recommends decentralization of the policy in a strategy called Local Economic Equity for the Disadvantaged (LEED) which involves the expertise of white South Africans and permanent resident people in order to build truly inclusive society envisaged by the Constitution of South Africa. Additionally, it recommends the use of technology dubbed e-BBBEE to implement the policy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A data governance maturity evaluation model to enhance data management in Eastern Cape government departments
- Authors: Olaitan, Olutoyin
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Electronic government information Data protection Public administration -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7989 , vital:31448
- Description: The governance of data assets has become a topical issue in the public sector. Government departments are faced with increasingly complex data and information arising from multiple projects, different departments, divisions and several stakeholders seeking data for divergent end uses. However, an exploratory study of the literature regarding data governance in government departments of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa suggest that there are no clear data governance processes in place within the departments. The research question “How can a data governance maturity evaluation model enhance data governance processes in the Eastern Cape government departments” was derived as a result of a perceived need for government departments of the province to manage their critical data assets in a manner which promotes accurate, verifiable and relevant fiscal and strategic planning. Following the review of current literature in the data governance domain, a conceptual data governance evaluation maturity model was developed and produced. The conceptual model was influenced by the IBM data governance maturity model (2007) and it was aimed at addressing the gaps in the reference model to suit the context of the Eastern Cape government departments and the governance of their data assets. A qualitative phase of empirical data collection was conducted to test the components of the conceptual model. A quantitative instrument, derived from the findings of the qualitative study, as well as the components of the refined model was administered to 50 participants in the same departments where qualitative data was collected, with additional participants being drawn from three other departments. Pragmatism was the guiding philosophy for the research. The Contingency and Institutional theories form the theoretical grounding for the study. Design Science guidelines by Hevner et al (2004), Peffers et al’s (2008) Six Steps in Design Science and Drechsler & Hevner’s (2016) Fourth Cycle of Design Science were employed to construct, improve, validate and evaluate the final artefact. Findings confirmed the literature that data governance is lacking in government departments. It is asserted that the implementation of this model will improve the way data assets are recorded, used, archived and disposed in government departments of the Eastern Cape. The outcome of this research was the development and production of a data governance maturity evaluation model as well as a process document which gives a roadmap of how to move from one maturity level to another.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Olaitan, Olutoyin
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Electronic government information Data protection Public administration -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7989 , vital:31448
- Description: The governance of data assets has become a topical issue in the public sector. Government departments are faced with increasingly complex data and information arising from multiple projects, different departments, divisions and several stakeholders seeking data for divergent end uses. However, an exploratory study of the literature regarding data governance in government departments of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa suggest that there are no clear data governance processes in place within the departments. The research question “How can a data governance maturity evaluation model enhance data governance processes in the Eastern Cape government departments” was derived as a result of a perceived need for government departments of the province to manage their critical data assets in a manner which promotes accurate, verifiable and relevant fiscal and strategic planning. Following the review of current literature in the data governance domain, a conceptual data governance evaluation maturity model was developed and produced. The conceptual model was influenced by the IBM data governance maturity model (2007) and it was aimed at addressing the gaps in the reference model to suit the context of the Eastern Cape government departments and the governance of their data assets. A qualitative phase of empirical data collection was conducted to test the components of the conceptual model. A quantitative instrument, derived from the findings of the qualitative study, as well as the components of the refined model was administered to 50 participants in the same departments where qualitative data was collected, with additional participants being drawn from three other departments. Pragmatism was the guiding philosophy for the research. The Contingency and Institutional theories form the theoretical grounding for the study. Design Science guidelines by Hevner et al (2004), Peffers et al’s (2008) Six Steps in Design Science and Drechsler & Hevner’s (2016) Fourth Cycle of Design Science were employed to construct, improve, validate and evaluate the final artefact. Findings confirmed the literature that data governance is lacking in government departments. It is asserted that the implementation of this model will improve the way data assets are recorded, used, archived and disposed in government departments of the Eastern Cape. The outcome of this research was the development and production of a data governance maturity evaluation model as well as a process document which gives a roadmap of how to move from one maturity level to another.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A Financial Sustainability Model for the South African Local Government
- Authors: Mhlanga, Shepherd
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Finance Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D.Admin
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13715 , vital:39699
- Description: Local government financial sustainability leverages a local municipality’s capabilities to conceptualize and implement an array of its developmental programmes. This thesis evaluates the state of the initiatives for bolstering financial sustainability in the increasingly complex contemporary South African local government sphere. The motive of the study was to identify major paradoxes and a local government financial sustainability model that could be extracted and suggested for mitigating such constraints. Using a meta-synthesis as a principal technique in content analysis, findings revealed that major determinants of local government financial sustainability are often linked to the application of the four-step’s processes in strategic cyclical financial sustainability framework and three foundational constructs for financial sustainability management. The four-step’s processes in strategic cyclical financial sustainability framework were found to aid environmental analysis, identification of the sources of revenues and revenue generation, managing the utilization of the generated revenues and monitoring and evaluation. As it emerged from the findings, these positive effects of strategic cyclical financial sustainability framework are often illuminated by three foundational constructs for financial sustainability that leverage financial risk management, governance and leadership. However, in lieu of the application of relevant mitigating strategies, it also emerged from the analysis of the findings that initiatives that bolster financial sustainability may still be constrained by poor analysis and identification of the level of financial sustainability maturity. Other paradoxes were found to be linked to lack of suitable government financing models, poor strategic financial planning and budgeting as well as lack of effective models for managing equity. However, even in the midst of such paradoxes, findings still indicated that the concept of financial sustainability is a notion which is increasingly being emphasized by the South African local government sphere. To leverage municipal financial sustainability, most municipalities were found to use financial sustainability models and methods such as central financial grant system, SALGA’s model for financial sustainability, investment in revenue-generating activities and managing municipal operational efficiency as a driver of cost 4 | P a g e minimisation. However, despite such significant strides, findings still revealed that even with various socio-economic initiatives undertaken to leverage financial sustainability of the South African local government, the state of financial sustainability in the South African local government sphere seems to be at risk as viewed from such issues as compliance, systematic and strategic levels. As it emerged from the findings, this is attributable to the fact that most initiatives for improving financial sustainability in the South African local government are often still constrained by inadequate municipal capacity, limited income-generating activities, deficient local government procurement system and poor leadership and governance. Such findings seem consonant with theoretical findings that signified the major paradoxes of financial sustainability in the contemporary public sector organisations are often associated with poor analysis and identification of the level of financial sustainability maturity, lack of suitable government financing models, poor strategic financial planning and budgeting and lack of effective models for managing equity. Drawing from these findings, it is argued it is critical that the Department of Local Government adopts and applies the local government financial sustainability model akin to the conceptual model suggested in Figure 1. The application of such a model would require integration and use of the four main pillars (strategic financial planning, income diversification, sound financial administration and management, and own income generation) for local government financial sustainability, three foundational constructs (financial risk management, financial governance and financial ethical leadership) for local government financial sustainability, and three foundational nonfinancial constructs (political stability, fiscal and economic stability, forecasting and sensing to mitigate the devastating negative effects of natural calamities and disaster) for local government financial sustainability. It was further argued that all these must be accompanied by measurement of the overall maturity of the financial sustainability of the local municipality using four perspectives (liquidity, resilience, service and fiscal responsibility and public confidence) of local government financial sustainability in conjunction with the five spectrums (at risk, compliance-based, incremental, strategic and systematic) of local government financial sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mhlanga, Shepherd
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Finance Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D.Admin
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13715 , vital:39699
- Description: Local government financial sustainability leverages a local municipality’s capabilities to conceptualize and implement an array of its developmental programmes. This thesis evaluates the state of the initiatives for bolstering financial sustainability in the increasingly complex contemporary South African local government sphere. The motive of the study was to identify major paradoxes and a local government financial sustainability model that could be extracted and suggested for mitigating such constraints. Using a meta-synthesis as a principal technique in content analysis, findings revealed that major determinants of local government financial sustainability are often linked to the application of the four-step’s processes in strategic cyclical financial sustainability framework and three foundational constructs for financial sustainability management. The four-step’s processes in strategic cyclical financial sustainability framework were found to aid environmental analysis, identification of the sources of revenues and revenue generation, managing the utilization of the generated revenues and monitoring and evaluation. As it emerged from the findings, these positive effects of strategic cyclical financial sustainability framework are often illuminated by three foundational constructs for financial sustainability that leverage financial risk management, governance and leadership. However, in lieu of the application of relevant mitigating strategies, it also emerged from the analysis of the findings that initiatives that bolster financial sustainability may still be constrained by poor analysis and identification of the level of financial sustainability maturity. Other paradoxes were found to be linked to lack of suitable government financing models, poor strategic financial planning and budgeting as well as lack of effective models for managing equity. However, even in the midst of such paradoxes, findings still indicated that the concept of financial sustainability is a notion which is increasingly being emphasized by the South African local government sphere. To leverage municipal financial sustainability, most municipalities were found to use financial sustainability models and methods such as central financial grant system, SALGA’s model for financial sustainability, investment in revenue-generating activities and managing municipal operational efficiency as a driver of cost 4 | P a g e minimisation. However, despite such significant strides, findings still revealed that even with various socio-economic initiatives undertaken to leverage financial sustainability of the South African local government, the state of financial sustainability in the South African local government sphere seems to be at risk as viewed from such issues as compliance, systematic and strategic levels. As it emerged from the findings, this is attributable to the fact that most initiatives for improving financial sustainability in the South African local government are often still constrained by inadequate municipal capacity, limited income-generating activities, deficient local government procurement system and poor leadership and governance. Such findings seem consonant with theoretical findings that signified the major paradoxes of financial sustainability in the contemporary public sector organisations are often associated with poor analysis and identification of the level of financial sustainability maturity, lack of suitable government financing models, poor strategic financial planning and budgeting and lack of effective models for managing equity. Drawing from these findings, it is argued it is critical that the Department of Local Government adopts and applies the local government financial sustainability model akin to the conceptual model suggested in Figure 1. The application of such a model would require integration and use of the four main pillars (strategic financial planning, income diversification, sound financial administration and management, and own income generation) for local government financial sustainability, three foundational constructs (financial risk management, financial governance and financial ethical leadership) for local government financial sustainability, and three foundational nonfinancial constructs (political stability, fiscal and economic stability, forecasting and sensing to mitigate the devastating negative effects of natural calamities and disaster) for local government financial sustainability. It was further argued that all these must be accompanied by measurement of the overall maturity of the financial sustainability of the local municipality using four perspectives (liquidity, resilience, service and fiscal responsibility and public confidence) of local government financial sustainability in conjunction with the five spectrums (at risk, compliance-based, incremental, strategic and systematic) of local government financial sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A framework for cloud computing adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises : a case of the Accra - Tema metropolis in Ghana
- Authors: Adane, Martin
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Cloud computing -- Ghana Small business -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13803 , vital:39713
- Description: Cloud computing adoption and usage is important to achieving business competition. This is done by making it a competitive tool for firms. The adoption of cloud computing enables firms to achieve greater business competency, improve performance, and allows them to maintain their competitive advantage. Since its emergence, there has been a surge in the adoption of cloud computing with research into its adoption primarily concentrated on bigger firms. However, a major characteristic of cloud computing is the anticipated possibilities it holds for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs typically operate differently from larger firms and are not limited by resource constraints. For SMEs, the reduction in the financial burden normally associated with the adoption of new technologies is a significant benefit of cloud computing due to their financial constraints. In Ghana, SMEs mostly use obsolete technologies and have a slow response towards new technologies. Thus, they are unable to harness the numerous opportunities technology presents to them to stay competitive. Cloud computing is still regarded as a new technology in the business world, therefore research that focuses on its adoption by SMEs to help them stay competitive is minimal. Available research on cloud computing in Ghana does not provide clear guidelines for ensuring a successful adoption process and the continued use of cloud computing services. This study seeks to investigate how a framework can assist SMEs in their use of cloud computing in the Accra-Tema metropolis of Ghana. A knowledge of the factors associated with adoption decisions and those that significantly influence the decision are required to ensure a successful adoption process. The empirical data was gathered using a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews developed from literature and administered to users and potential users of cloud computing. The questionnaire and interviews primarily investigate key adoption factors and the findings are reported in this research study. The findings reveal interesting insights into understanding issues that affect the overall decision to adopt and use cloud computing services by SMEs. The findings show that the adoption of cloud computing can improve information management practices within SMEs. The findings also reveal that several factors need to be considered in the overall decision to adopt and use cloud computing to ensure a successful adoption process. An initial cloud computing adoption model was proposed based on the empirical findings. Key adoption factors of the initial adoption model include adoption benefits and drivers, concerns and barriers, adoption interventions, and information management in the cloud. computing adoption framework. The proposed adoption framework aims to assist SMEs to adopt and use cloud computing services and make them relevant in the global market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Adane, Martin
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Cloud computing -- Ghana Small business -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13803 , vital:39713
- Description: Cloud computing adoption and usage is important to achieving business competition. This is done by making it a competitive tool for firms. The adoption of cloud computing enables firms to achieve greater business competency, improve performance, and allows them to maintain their competitive advantage. Since its emergence, there has been a surge in the adoption of cloud computing with research into its adoption primarily concentrated on bigger firms. However, a major characteristic of cloud computing is the anticipated possibilities it holds for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs typically operate differently from larger firms and are not limited by resource constraints. For SMEs, the reduction in the financial burden normally associated with the adoption of new technologies is a significant benefit of cloud computing due to their financial constraints. In Ghana, SMEs mostly use obsolete technologies and have a slow response towards new technologies. Thus, they are unable to harness the numerous opportunities technology presents to them to stay competitive. Cloud computing is still regarded as a new technology in the business world, therefore research that focuses on its adoption by SMEs to help them stay competitive is minimal. Available research on cloud computing in Ghana does not provide clear guidelines for ensuring a successful adoption process and the continued use of cloud computing services. This study seeks to investigate how a framework can assist SMEs in their use of cloud computing in the Accra-Tema metropolis of Ghana. A knowledge of the factors associated with adoption decisions and those that significantly influence the decision are required to ensure a successful adoption process. The empirical data was gathered using a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews developed from literature and administered to users and potential users of cloud computing. The questionnaire and interviews primarily investigate key adoption factors and the findings are reported in this research study. The findings reveal interesting insights into understanding issues that affect the overall decision to adopt and use cloud computing services by SMEs. The findings show that the adoption of cloud computing can improve information management practices within SMEs. The findings also reveal that several factors need to be considered in the overall decision to adopt and use cloud computing to ensure a successful adoption process. An initial cloud computing adoption model was proposed based on the empirical findings. Key adoption factors of the initial adoption model include adoption benefits and drivers, concerns and barriers, adoption interventions, and information management in the cloud. computing adoption framework. The proposed adoption framework aims to assist SMEs to adopt and use cloud computing services and make them relevant in the global market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A framework for enhancing the effectiveness of strategic leadership in the Eastern Cape Education Department
- Authors: Govender, Surendran Perumal
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Educational leadership Strategic planning Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8598 , vital:33180
- Description: In this study the analysis of the organisational practices in the South African public sector revealed that there is a practical limitation, anchored on the absence of a suitable framework for enhancing the effectiveness of strategic leadership. The research engaged with studies and theories that confirmed that the application of effective strategic leadership enhances the performance of public sector organisations. However, such an analysis revealed no well-defined strategic leadership framework that may be used for improving the successful implementation of programmes in the public sector as a whole and more especially, the Eastern Cape Department of Education (ECDoE). The study therefore interpreted that a significant improvement in the performance of the ECDoE may be effected through the prioritisation of strategic leadership and thereby enhancing its effectiveness. Hence, the primary research objective for this study was to examine strategic leadership and to consider the variables impacting the application of strategic leadership in the ECDoE, so that a framework may be formulated to enhance the effectiveness of strategic leadership in the ECDoE. The data analysis, research observations, findings and interpretations as well as the literature review enabled the researcher to determine the strategic leadership framework that may be postulated for application in the ECDoE. The research data in essence supports the indications in the literature that strategic leadership has a positive effect on enhancing organisational performance and success. The key findings and significant conclusions drawn from the study indicated a definite need to enhance the effectiveness of strategic leadership in the ECDoE and that the associated leadership challenges in the sector have to be addressed to enable more efficient and effective service delivery, increase learner performance and improve organisational success. The researcher has therefore postulated the framework in figure 10 to enhance the effectiveness of strategic leadership in ECDoE and presents it for consideration by the political and administrative leadership for adoption in the ECDoE. The development of this strategic leadership framework by the researcher was informed by the various leadership models, leadership theories, leadership styles and change management strategies examined in the literature review of this study and further directed by the research findings and conclusions that illuminated the challenges that confront ECDoE in the application of strategic leadership in the sector. The framework postulated has three distinct but inter-related steps and this study theorises that the effectiveness of strategic leadership is influenced by the extent to which the managers or leaders determine the specific context and apply the appropriate leadership style (Step 1), implement the selected leadership style in conjunction with the application of appropriate accompanying management strategies (Step 2), and monitor the resulting effects on enhancing the performance of the public sector organisations (Step 3). The researcher also adopted a systems-thinking approach and identified four pillars that transcend organisational service delivery and integrated them to constitute a proposed model for enhancing service delivery, improving implementation of plans and promoting organisational success in ECDoE. The model postulated by the researcher is based on “policies, procedures, systems and structures”, as illustrated in figure 11. The pillars of this proposed model for service delivery are inter-related, inter-locking and at times overlapping. Arising from the literature review and the case study of ECDoE, areas for further research have been identified such as: a more in-depth probing of the significance, role and impact of strategic leadership in all public sector institutions in South Africa; an examination of the Senior Management Services (SMS) mandates given by the Department of Public Service and Administration (DPSA) with regard to strategic leadership; an exploration of the implementation constraints of the National Development Plan (NDP) linked to the positioning of strategic leadership; and, an examination of the role and impact of the training and development programmes in strategic leadership, co-ordinated by the National School of Government (NSG) in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Govender, Surendran Perumal
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Educational leadership Strategic planning Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8598 , vital:33180
- Description: In this study the analysis of the organisational practices in the South African public sector revealed that there is a practical limitation, anchored on the absence of a suitable framework for enhancing the effectiveness of strategic leadership. The research engaged with studies and theories that confirmed that the application of effective strategic leadership enhances the performance of public sector organisations. However, such an analysis revealed no well-defined strategic leadership framework that may be used for improving the successful implementation of programmes in the public sector as a whole and more especially, the Eastern Cape Department of Education (ECDoE). The study therefore interpreted that a significant improvement in the performance of the ECDoE may be effected through the prioritisation of strategic leadership and thereby enhancing its effectiveness. Hence, the primary research objective for this study was to examine strategic leadership and to consider the variables impacting the application of strategic leadership in the ECDoE, so that a framework may be formulated to enhance the effectiveness of strategic leadership in the ECDoE. The data analysis, research observations, findings and interpretations as well as the literature review enabled the researcher to determine the strategic leadership framework that may be postulated for application in the ECDoE. The research data in essence supports the indications in the literature that strategic leadership has a positive effect on enhancing organisational performance and success. The key findings and significant conclusions drawn from the study indicated a definite need to enhance the effectiveness of strategic leadership in the ECDoE and that the associated leadership challenges in the sector have to be addressed to enable more efficient and effective service delivery, increase learner performance and improve organisational success. The researcher has therefore postulated the framework in figure 10 to enhance the effectiveness of strategic leadership in ECDoE and presents it for consideration by the political and administrative leadership for adoption in the ECDoE. The development of this strategic leadership framework by the researcher was informed by the various leadership models, leadership theories, leadership styles and change management strategies examined in the literature review of this study and further directed by the research findings and conclusions that illuminated the challenges that confront ECDoE in the application of strategic leadership in the sector. The framework postulated has three distinct but inter-related steps and this study theorises that the effectiveness of strategic leadership is influenced by the extent to which the managers or leaders determine the specific context and apply the appropriate leadership style (Step 1), implement the selected leadership style in conjunction with the application of appropriate accompanying management strategies (Step 2), and monitor the resulting effects on enhancing the performance of the public sector organisations (Step 3). The researcher also adopted a systems-thinking approach and identified four pillars that transcend organisational service delivery and integrated them to constitute a proposed model for enhancing service delivery, improving implementation of plans and promoting organisational success in ECDoE. The model postulated by the researcher is based on “policies, procedures, systems and structures”, as illustrated in figure 11. The pillars of this proposed model for service delivery are inter-related, inter-locking and at times overlapping. Arising from the literature review and the case study of ECDoE, areas for further research have been identified such as: a more in-depth probing of the significance, role and impact of strategic leadership in all public sector institutions in South Africa; an examination of the Senior Management Services (SMS) mandates given by the Department of Public Service and Administration (DPSA) with regard to strategic leadership; an exploration of the implementation constraints of the National Development Plan (NDP) linked to the positioning of strategic leadership; and, an examination of the role and impact of the training and development programmes in strategic leadership, co-ordinated by the National School of Government (NSG) in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A framework for the implementation of e-government as a service delivery mechanism in South Africa: The case of the Eastern Cape Thusong Service Centres
- Authors: Madyibi, Ayanda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Electronic government information Technological innovations Information technology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Information Systems)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18908 , vital:42997
- Description: E-government has emerged as an effective means of delivering much-needed online services to the citizens, businesses and other government institutions. This emanates from the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the internet and the emerging technologies associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). E-government has essentially transformed the culture, structure and the way of doing business by public institutions in providing government services. In the past, e-government has been popular in developed countries but recently many developing countries are starting to appreciate the need to implement the initiative. However, the implementation of e-government has various challenges that have been identified through research and include technological, organisational and environmental aspects. Therefore, the researcher was motivated to study e-government to improve the delivery of services to citizens in South Africa. The objective of the research was to develop a framework for the implementation of egovernment as a service delivery mechanism in South Africa. The research process led to the identification of challenges that impact the implementation of e-government by applying an underlying Information Systems (IS) theoretical model, namely the Technology-OrganisationEnvironment (TOE) framework. The review of literature allowed the researcher to construct a conceptual theoretical framework which was then applied to the case study in order to understand the factors affecting the implementation of e-government in South Africa. Qualitative research data was collected using Thusong Service Centres in the Eastern Cape as a case study. Thusong Service Centres are government service centres based in rural communities which are used for the provision of online government services to these communities. The empirical data was collected using 22 respondents from five organisational and user perspectives: (1) State Information Technology Agency (SITA) as an agency of government responsible for ICT in South Africa, (2) the Senior ICT Managers from various National, Provincial and Local government entities, (3) Thusong Service Centre Managers, (4) Thusong Service Centre End-Users and (5) Expert Reviews. Documents that included the National e-Government Strategy, e-Government Policy, National Broadband Policy, ICT Policy White Paper were also consulted as secondary data. The conceptual theoretical framework was then revised based on the empirical evidence using the interpretive exploratory approach and triangulated data. The consolidated data from both the literature review and empirical evidence assisted in closing the gap between e-government implementation theory and practice. A detailed e-government implementation framework was then developed with the critical factors that impact the successful implementation of e- ii | P a g e government. E-government subject experts were also given the mandate to review the interview questions and the framework. The use of this framework was then explained in terms of how it can assist government decision-makers in South Africa for the effective and efficient delivery of services to the citizens. The research study has contributed to the e-government body of knowledge through the identified factors utilising the TOE framework at an organisational level for developing countries like South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Madyibi, Ayanda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Electronic government information Technological innovations Information technology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Information Systems)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18908 , vital:42997
- Description: E-government has emerged as an effective means of delivering much-needed online services to the citizens, businesses and other government institutions. This emanates from the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the internet and the emerging technologies associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). E-government has essentially transformed the culture, structure and the way of doing business by public institutions in providing government services. In the past, e-government has been popular in developed countries but recently many developing countries are starting to appreciate the need to implement the initiative. However, the implementation of e-government has various challenges that have been identified through research and include technological, organisational and environmental aspects. Therefore, the researcher was motivated to study e-government to improve the delivery of services to citizens in South Africa. The objective of the research was to develop a framework for the implementation of egovernment as a service delivery mechanism in South Africa. The research process led to the identification of challenges that impact the implementation of e-government by applying an underlying Information Systems (IS) theoretical model, namely the Technology-OrganisationEnvironment (TOE) framework. The review of literature allowed the researcher to construct a conceptual theoretical framework which was then applied to the case study in order to understand the factors affecting the implementation of e-government in South Africa. Qualitative research data was collected using Thusong Service Centres in the Eastern Cape as a case study. Thusong Service Centres are government service centres based in rural communities which are used for the provision of online government services to these communities. The empirical data was collected using 22 respondents from five organisational and user perspectives: (1) State Information Technology Agency (SITA) as an agency of government responsible for ICT in South Africa, (2) the Senior ICT Managers from various National, Provincial and Local government entities, (3) Thusong Service Centre Managers, (4) Thusong Service Centre End-Users and (5) Expert Reviews. Documents that included the National e-Government Strategy, e-Government Policy, National Broadband Policy, ICT Policy White Paper were also consulted as secondary data. The conceptual theoretical framework was then revised based on the empirical evidence using the interpretive exploratory approach and triangulated data. The consolidated data from both the literature review and empirical evidence assisted in closing the gap between e-government implementation theory and practice. A detailed e-government implementation framework was then developed with the critical factors that impact the successful implementation of e- ii | P a g e government. E-government subject experts were also given the mandate to review the interview questions and the framework. The use of this framework was then explained in terms of how it can assist government decision-makers in South Africa for the effective and efficient delivery of services to the citizens. The research study has contributed to the e-government body of knowledge through the identified factors utilising the TOE framework at an organisational level for developing countries like South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A longitudinal investigation into employability : student transition and experiences from tertiary education into the labour market
- Authors: Harry, Tinashe Timothy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Employability Graduate students Labor market
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11053 , vital:37015
- Description: Orientation: Several policies have been formulated by the government to redress the inequalities of apartheid. However, the policies have not yielded any positive results as many graduates from Historically Disadvantaged Institutes (HDIs) continue to struggle in the open labour market as compared to graduates from Historically Advantaged Institutes (HAIs). This has been mainly attributed to the legacy of apartheid in several previous studies. As a result, most of these previously disadvantaged individuals (mostly Black Africans) struggle to make the transition from higher education into the world of work. Research Purpose: This study thus explores the journeys of these Black African students from HDIs to understand the transition and experiences from tertiary education into the labour market. Further, the research sought to understand how these transitions and experiences manifest in a context of high unemployment. Finally, the resolution tactics used by students in such a context are given attention. Research approach, design and method: A longitudinal qualitative approach was deemed appropriate for the study as the aim was to understand the changes that occurred over time. The data was collected over a two-year period. A narrative inquiry was utilized as it allowed the participants to share their perceptions without limitations. A total of 30 participants partook in the study. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling to ensure the right participants were involved in the study. The main criteria for selection to participate was that the participants had to be enrolled with a HDI. Main findings: The narratives of the participants led to the formulation of six main themes that were regarded as affecting the transitions and experiences of the Black graduates from HDIs; namely, (1) socio-economic background, (2) education system, (3) labour market experiences, (4) geographical location, (5) social capital and (6) student resolutions to the challenges of employability. A previously disadvantaged background resulted in the participants being recipients of poor education quality, no social networks or information to navigate the labour market and limited access to the labour market due to secluded residential areas. Subsequently, most participants were unable to take responsibility of enhancing their own employability. Contribution: It is not the sole responsibility of the higher education institutes to produce employable graduates, but it's a process that should also involve government, students and employers. As long as the social inequality remains an issue in the country all the efforts to improve employability and transition into the open labour market will be in vain. Furthermore, employers must work together with higher education institutes by offering programs such as internships and career expos to enhance the employability of the graduates. A Graduate Transition Model (GTM) is suggested based on the findings of this research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Harry, Tinashe Timothy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Employability Graduate students Labor market
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11053 , vital:37015
- Description: Orientation: Several policies have been formulated by the government to redress the inequalities of apartheid. However, the policies have not yielded any positive results as many graduates from Historically Disadvantaged Institutes (HDIs) continue to struggle in the open labour market as compared to graduates from Historically Advantaged Institutes (HAIs). This has been mainly attributed to the legacy of apartheid in several previous studies. As a result, most of these previously disadvantaged individuals (mostly Black Africans) struggle to make the transition from higher education into the world of work. Research Purpose: This study thus explores the journeys of these Black African students from HDIs to understand the transition and experiences from tertiary education into the labour market. Further, the research sought to understand how these transitions and experiences manifest in a context of high unemployment. Finally, the resolution tactics used by students in such a context are given attention. Research approach, design and method: A longitudinal qualitative approach was deemed appropriate for the study as the aim was to understand the changes that occurred over time. The data was collected over a two-year period. A narrative inquiry was utilized as it allowed the participants to share their perceptions without limitations. A total of 30 participants partook in the study. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling to ensure the right participants were involved in the study. The main criteria for selection to participate was that the participants had to be enrolled with a HDI. Main findings: The narratives of the participants led to the formulation of six main themes that were regarded as affecting the transitions and experiences of the Black graduates from HDIs; namely, (1) socio-economic background, (2) education system, (3) labour market experiences, (4) geographical location, (5) social capital and (6) student resolutions to the challenges of employability. A previously disadvantaged background resulted in the participants being recipients of poor education quality, no social networks or information to navigate the labour market and limited access to the labour market due to secluded residential areas. Subsequently, most participants were unable to take responsibility of enhancing their own employability. Contribution: It is not the sole responsibility of the higher education institutes to produce employable graduates, but it's a process that should also involve government, students and employers. As long as the social inequality remains an issue in the country all the efforts to improve employability and transition into the open labour market will be in vain. Furthermore, employers must work together with higher education institutes by offering programs such as internships and career expos to enhance the employability of the graduates. A Graduate Transition Model (GTM) is suggested based on the findings of this research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A methodological framework for ICT roadmap development for rural areas
- Authors: Jere, Nobert Rangarirai
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Online social networks , User interfaces (Computer systems) , Communication in rural development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Computer Science)
- Identifier: vital:11395 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016147 , Online social networks , User interfaces (Computer systems) , Communication in rural development
- Description: The use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) can support sustainable development within societies. ICTs have been supported by governments, private companies, non-governmental organisations, academic institutions and individuals. However, technological changes have made most ICT initiatives haphazard due to poor planning. There is no systematic plan on how to deploy services, infrastructure and devices especially in rural areas. For instance, in some cases, computers have been donated to communities in rural areas yet they are not being used, and ICT services have been deployed without the supporting ICT infrastructure. One of the solutions to addressing these ICT challenges is through the use of roadmaps to guide ICT solution implementation. This thesis proposes an ICT roadmap methodological framework to improve ICT roadmap development for rural ICT solutions. A composite methodological approach was employed in this research. This involves the use of qualitative research techniques such as participant observation, design exercises, workshops, focus groups and individual interviews supported by ethnographic studies. The Siyakhula Living Lab in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was used as the case study. Studies were conducted to identify the current state of ICTs in rural areas, the future of ICTs and overview of roadmap developments. Rural users in South Africa, ICT experts in Europe and Africa, government officials and academic institutions were engaged to understand the current ICT planning, developments and needs. The author found that there are variations in individual ICT services required by rural users but, most ICT services in need fall mainly in the areas of health, education, entrepreneurship, agriculture and employment creation for rural people. These services require ICT devices and infrastructure which include computer peripherals, mobile phones, radios, televisions and wireless infrastructure, mobile infrastructure, satellites and broadcasting infrastructure respectively. It was found that the common future ICT projections expected in rural areas include: growth of mobile usage, social networking, increase internet services and localization of services. The roadmap framework is built based on the current state of ICTs, trends in ICTs, future technological projections and the plans currently been initiated in African continent. The ICT roadmap methodological focuses on how roadmaps could accommodate infrastructure, services and ICT devices to reach rural people. This should help rural users to be able to access public services within their respective communities using available ICT devices. ICT stakeholders could use the designed framework to improve the ICT roadmap development process for rural ICT users in Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Jere, Nobert Rangarirai
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Online social networks , User interfaces (Computer systems) , Communication in rural development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Computer Science)
- Identifier: vital:11395 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016147 , Online social networks , User interfaces (Computer systems) , Communication in rural development
- Description: The use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) can support sustainable development within societies. ICTs have been supported by governments, private companies, non-governmental organisations, academic institutions and individuals. However, technological changes have made most ICT initiatives haphazard due to poor planning. There is no systematic plan on how to deploy services, infrastructure and devices especially in rural areas. For instance, in some cases, computers have been donated to communities in rural areas yet they are not being used, and ICT services have been deployed without the supporting ICT infrastructure. One of the solutions to addressing these ICT challenges is through the use of roadmaps to guide ICT solution implementation. This thesis proposes an ICT roadmap methodological framework to improve ICT roadmap development for rural ICT solutions. A composite methodological approach was employed in this research. This involves the use of qualitative research techniques such as participant observation, design exercises, workshops, focus groups and individual interviews supported by ethnographic studies. The Siyakhula Living Lab in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was used as the case study. Studies were conducted to identify the current state of ICTs in rural areas, the future of ICTs and overview of roadmap developments. Rural users in South Africa, ICT experts in Europe and Africa, government officials and academic institutions were engaged to understand the current ICT planning, developments and needs. The author found that there are variations in individual ICT services required by rural users but, most ICT services in need fall mainly in the areas of health, education, entrepreneurship, agriculture and employment creation for rural people. These services require ICT devices and infrastructure which include computer peripherals, mobile phones, radios, televisions and wireless infrastructure, mobile infrastructure, satellites and broadcasting infrastructure respectively. It was found that the common future ICT projections expected in rural areas include: growth of mobile usage, social networking, increase internet services and localization of services. The roadmap framework is built based on the current state of ICTs, trends in ICTs, future technological projections and the plans currently been initiated in African continent. The ICT roadmap methodological focuses on how roadmaps could accommodate infrastructure, services and ICT devices to reach rural people. This should help rural users to be able to access public services within their respective communities using available ICT devices. ICT stakeholders could use the designed framework to improve the ICT roadmap development process for rural ICT users in Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012