Governance mapping: a framework for assessing the adaptive capacity of marine resource governance to environmental change
- Dutra, Leo X C, Sporne, Ilva, Haward, Marcus, Aswani, Shankar, Cochrane, Kevern L, Frusher, Stewart, Gasalla, Maria A, Gianesella, Sônia M F, Grant, Tanith, Hobday, Alistair J, Jennings, Sarah, Plagányi, Éva, Pecl, Gretta T, Salim, Shyam S, Sauer, Warwick H H, Taboada, Manuela B, Van Putten, Ingrid E
- Authors: Dutra, Leo X C , Sporne, Ilva , Haward, Marcus , Aswani, Shankar , Cochrane, Kevern L , Frusher, Stewart , Gasalla, Maria A , Gianesella, Sônia M F , Grant, Tanith , Hobday, Alistair J , Jennings, Sarah , Plagányi, Éva , Pecl, Gretta T , Salim, Shyam S , Sauer, Warwick H H , Taboada, Manuela B , Van Putten, Ingrid E
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145336 , vital:38429 , DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2018.12.011
- Description: Marine social-ecological systems are influenced by the way humans interact with their environment, and external forces, which change and re-shape the environment. In many regions, exploitation of marine resources and climate change are two of the primary drivers shifting the abundance and distribution of marine living resources, with negative effects on marine-dependent communities. Governance systems determine ‘who’ makes decisions, ‘what’ are their powers and responsibilities, and ‘how’ they are exercised. Understanding the connections between the actors comprising governance systems and influences between governance and the environment is therefore critical to support successful transitions to novel forms of governance required to deal with environmental changes. The paper provides an analytical framework with a practical example from Vanuatu, for mapping and assessment of the governance system providing for management of coral reef fish resources. The framework enables a rapid analysis of governance systems to identify factors that can encourage, or hinder, the adaptation of communities to changes in abundance or availability of marine resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Dutra, Leo X C , Sporne, Ilva , Haward, Marcus , Aswani, Shankar , Cochrane, Kevern L , Frusher, Stewart , Gasalla, Maria A , Gianesella, Sônia M F , Grant, Tanith , Hobday, Alistair J , Jennings, Sarah , Plagányi, Éva , Pecl, Gretta T , Salim, Shyam S , Sauer, Warwick H H , Taboada, Manuela B , Van Putten, Ingrid E
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145336 , vital:38429 , DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2018.12.011
- Description: Marine social-ecological systems are influenced by the way humans interact with their environment, and external forces, which change and re-shape the environment. In many regions, exploitation of marine resources and climate change are two of the primary drivers shifting the abundance and distribution of marine living resources, with negative effects on marine-dependent communities. Governance systems determine ‘who’ makes decisions, ‘what’ are their powers and responsibilities, and ‘how’ they are exercised. Understanding the connections between the actors comprising governance systems and influences between governance and the environment is therefore critical to support successful transitions to novel forms of governance required to deal with environmental changes. The paper provides an analytical framework with a practical example from Vanuatu, for mapping and assessment of the governance system providing for management of coral reef fish resources. The framework enables a rapid analysis of governance systems to identify factors that can encourage, or hinder, the adaptation of communities to changes in abundance or availability of marine resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Grasses as suitable targets for classical weed biological control
- Sutton, Guy F, Day, Michael D, Den Breeyen, Alana, Goolsby, J A, Cristofaro, M, McConnachie, Andrew J, Paterson, Iain D
- Authors: Sutton, Guy F , Day, Michael D , Den Breeyen, Alana , Goolsby, J A , Cristofaro, M , McConnachie, Andrew J , Paterson, Iain D
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417984 , vital:71499 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-019-09968-8"
- Description: Grasses are amongst the most abundant and environmentally damaging invasive weeds worldwide. Biological control is frequently employed as a sustainable and cost-effective management strategy for many weeds. However, grasses have not been actively pursued as targets for classical weed biological control due to a perceived lack of sufficiently specialised and damaging natural enemies to use as biological control agents. There are also concerns that the risk posed to economically important crop/pasture species and closely-related native species is too great to consider implementing biological control for invasive grasses. In this paper, we review the literature and demonstrate that grasses can possess suitably host-specific and damaging natural enemies to warrant consideration as potential biological control agents. The risk of grass biological control is no greater than for other weedy taxa if practitioners follow appropriately rigorous risk assessments protocols.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Sutton, Guy F , Day, Michael D , Den Breeyen, Alana , Goolsby, J A , Cristofaro, M , McConnachie, Andrew J , Paterson, Iain D
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417984 , vital:71499 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-019-09968-8"
- Description: Grasses are amongst the most abundant and environmentally damaging invasive weeds worldwide. Biological control is frequently employed as a sustainable and cost-effective management strategy for many weeds. However, grasses have not been actively pursued as targets for classical weed biological control due to a perceived lack of sufficiently specialised and damaging natural enemies to use as biological control agents. There are also concerns that the risk posed to economically important crop/pasture species and closely-related native species is too great to consider implementing biological control for invasive grasses. In this paper, we review the literature and demonstrate that grasses can possess suitably host-specific and damaging natural enemies to warrant consideration as potential biological control agents. The risk of grass biological control is no greater than for other weedy taxa if practitioners follow appropriately rigorous risk assessments protocols.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Solanum torvum (L) leaf extract and evaluation of the toxicological profile of the ZnO nanoparticles–hydrogel composite in Wistar albino rats
- Ezealisiji, Kenneth E, Siwe-Noundou, Xavier, Maduelosi, Blessing, Nwachukwu, Nkemakolam, Krause, Rui W M
- Authors: Ezealisiji, Kenneth E , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Maduelosi, Blessing , Nwachukwu, Nkemakolam , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/194015 , vital:45416 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-018-0263-1"
- Description: Current study reports a simple and one-pot synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using an aqueous extract of Solanum torvum and evaluation of its toxicological profile (0.5% w/w and 1.0% w/w) in Wistar albino rats with respect to the biochemical index. The nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction technique. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential of synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed to know the average size and stability of particles. Synthesized nanoparticles were stable, discreet, and mostly spherical, and size of particles was within the nanometre range. Biochemical markers of hepatic and renal functions were measured. Zinc oxide nanoparticles significantly decreased serum uric acid level (p less than 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner, while the serum alkaline phosphatase level was increased at the two test doses. The level of alanine transaminase was increased after exposure for 28 days (p less than 0.05). This study concludes that biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles-infused hydrogel applied dermatologically could affect hepatic and renal performance in rats, and there was an observed cumulative toxicological effect with time of exposure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Ezealisiji, Kenneth E , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Maduelosi, Blessing , Nwachukwu, Nkemakolam , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/194015 , vital:45416 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-018-0263-1"
- Description: Current study reports a simple and one-pot synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using an aqueous extract of Solanum torvum and evaluation of its toxicological profile (0.5% w/w and 1.0% w/w) in Wistar albino rats with respect to the biochemical index. The nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction technique. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential of synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed to know the average size and stability of particles. Synthesized nanoparticles were stable, discreet, and mostly spherical, and size of particles was within the nanometre range. Biochemical markers of hepatic and renal functions were measured. Zinc oxide nanoparticles significantly decreased serum uric acid level (p less than 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner, while the serum alkaline phosphatase level was increased at the two test doses. The level of alanine transaminase was increased after exposure for 28 days (p less than 0.05). This study concludes that biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles-infused hydrogel applied dermatologically could affect hepatic and renal performance in rats, and there was an observed cumulative toxicological effect with time of exposure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
He says, she says: ecosystem services and gender among indigenous communities in the Colombian Amazon
- Cruz-Garcia, Gisella S, Cubillos, Martha V, Torres-Vitolas, Carlos, Harvey, Celia A, Shackleton, Charlie M, Schreckenberg, Kate, Willcock, Simon, Navarrete-Frías, Carolina, Sachet, Erwan
- Authors: Cruz-Garcia, Gisella S , Cubillos, Martha V , Torres-Vitolas, Carlos , Harvey, Celia A , Shackleton, Charlie M , Schreckenberg, Kate , Willcock, Simon , Navarrete-Frías, Carolina , Sachet, Erwan
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: South Africa To be catalogued 1836-1909 Maps
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179627 , vital:43128 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100921"
- Description: Although it has been hypothesized that men and women vary in the way they value ecosystem services, research on ecosystem services rarely incorporates a gender dimension. We conducted research with nine indigenous communities in the Colombian Amazon to understand which ecosystem services men and women perceive as most important for their wellbeing and to rank them according to locally-defined criteria of importance. Participants identified a total of 26 ecosystem services and 20 different ranking criteria. Ecosystem services such as land for agricultural fields (a supporting service), and provision of fish and medicinal plants were equally important for both men and women. Wild fruits and resources to make handicrafts were more frequently mentioned by women, whereas timber, materials for making tools and coca leaves were more frequently mentioned by men. There were also differences in the criteria used to value ecosystem services, with 11 criteria mentioned by both men and women, five mentioned exclusively by women and another four only by men. Our results suggest that taking gender differences into account in ecosystem services assessments may result in the prioritization of different services in conservation and sustainable development programs, and may lead to different outcomes for ecosystem service provision and local livelihoods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Cruz-Garcia, Gisella S , Cubillos, Martha V , Torres-Vitolas, Carlos , Harvey, Celia A , Shackleton, Charlie M , Schreckenberg, Kate , Willcock, Simon , Navarrete-Frías, Carolina , Sachet, Erwan
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: South Africa To be catalogued 1836-1909 Maps
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179627 , vital:43128 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100921"
- Description: Although it has been hypothesized that men and women vary in the way they value ecosystem services, research on ecosystem services rarely incorporates a gender dimension. We conducted research with nine indigenous communities in the Colombian Amazon to understand which ecosystem services men and women perceive as most important for their wellbeing and to rank them according to locally-defined criteria of importance. Participants identified a total of 26 ecosystem services and 20 different ranking criteria. Ecosystem services such as land for agricultural fields (a supporting service), and provision of fish and medicinal plants were equally important for both men and women. Wild fruits and resources to make handicrafts were more frequently mentioned by women, whereas timber, materials for making tools and coca leaves were more frequently mentioned by men. There were also differences in the criteria used to value ecosystem services, with 11 criteria mentioned by both men and women, five mentioned exclusively by women and another four only by men. Our results suggest that taking gender differences into account in ecosystem services assessments may result in the prioritization of different services in conservation and sustainable development programs, and may lead to different outcomes for ecosystem service provision and local livelihoods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Health literacy test for limited literacy populations (HELT-LL): validation in South Africa
- Marimwe, Chipiwa, Dowse, Roslind
- Authors: Marimwe, Chipiwa , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156652 , vital:40035 , https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1650417
- Description: The majority of health literacy measures emanate from high-income countries and are inappropriate for use in limited literacy individuals who are usually excluded from participation in health literacy studies. There is currently no appropriate health literacy measure for the educationally diverse South African population. This study, which reports the validation of the Health Literacy Test for Limited Literacy individuals (HELT-LL), was conducted in primary health-care clinics with 210 isiXhosa-speaking patients with a maximum of 12 years of schooling. The HELT-LL has varied cognitive demands, assesses functional literacy skills as well as local burden of disease knowledge, and also includes self-reported questions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Marimwe, Chipiwa , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156652 , vital:40035 , https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1650417
- Description: The majority of health literacy measures emanate from high-income countries and are inappropriate for use in limited literacy individuals who are usually excluded from participation in health literacy studies. There is currently no appropriate health literacy measure for the educationally diverse South African population. This study, which reports the validation of the Health Literacy Test for Limited Literacy individuals (HELT-LL), was conducted in primary health-care clinics with 210 isiXhosa-speaking patients with a maximum of 12 years of schooling. The HELT-LL has varied cognitive demands, assesses functional literacy skills as well as local burden of disease knowledge, and also includes self-reported questions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Identification of Novel Potential Inhibitors of Pteridine Reductase 1 in Trypanosoma brucei via Computational Structure-Based Approaches and in Vitro Inhibition Assays
- Kimuda, Magambo Phillip, Laming, Dustin, Hoppe, Heinrich C, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Kimuda, Magambo Phillip , Laming, Dustin , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124675 , vital:35647 , https://doi:10.3390/molecules24010142
- Description: Pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) is a trypanosomatid multifunctional enzyme that provides a mechanism for escape of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibition. This is because PTR1 can reduce pterins and folates. Trypanosomes require folates and pterins for survival and are unable to synthesize them de novo. Currently there are no anti-folate based Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) chemotherapeutics in use. Thus, successful dual inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei dihydrofolate reductase (TbDHFR) and Trypanosoma brucei pteridine reductase 1 (TbPTR1) has implications in the exploitation of anti-folates. We carried out molecular docking of a ligand library of 5742 compounds against TbPTR1 and identified 18 compounds showing promising binding modes. The protein-ligand complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics to characterize their molecular interactions and energetics, followed by in vitro testing. In this study, we identified five compounds which showed low micromolar Trypanosome growth inhibition in in vitro experiments that might be acting by inhibition of TbPTR1. Compounds RUBi004, RUBi007, RUBi014, and RUBi018 displayed moderate to strong antagonism (mutual reduction in potency) when used in combination with the known TbDHFR inhibitor, WR99210. This gave an indication that the compounds might inhibit both TbPTR1 and TbDHFR. RUBi016 showed an additive effect in the isobologram assay. Overall, our results provide a basis for scaffold optimization for further studies in the development of HAT anti-folates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Kimuda, Magambo Phillip , Laming, Dustin , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124675 , vital:35647 , https://doi:10.3390/molecules24010142
- Description: Pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) is a trypanosomatid multifunctional enzyme that provides a mechanism for escape of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibition. This is because PTR1 can reduce pterins and folates. Trypanosomes require folates and pterins for survival and are unable to synthesize them de novo. Currently there are no anti-folate based Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) chemotherapeutics in use. Thus, successful dual inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei dihydrofolate reductase (TbDHFR) and Trypanosoma brucei pteridine reductase 1 (TbPTR1) has implications in the exploitation of anti-folates. We carried out molecular docking of a ligand library of 5742 compounds against TbPTR1 and identified 18 compounds showing promising binding modes. The protein-ligand complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics to characterize their molecular interactions and energetics, followed by in vitro testing. In this study, we identified five compounds which showed low micromolar Trypanosome growth inhibition in in vitro experiments that might be acting by inhibition of TbPTR1. Compounds RUBi004, RUBi007, RUBi014, and RUBi018 displayed moderate to strong antagonism (mutual reduction in potency) when used in combination with the known TbDHFR inhibitor, WR99210. This gave an indication that the compounds might inhibit both TbPTR1 and TbDHFR. RUBi016 showed an additive effect in the isobologram assay. Overall, our results provide a basis for scaffold optimization for further studies in the development of HAT anti-folates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Impacts of gum-resin harvest and Lantana camara invasion on the population structure and dynamics of Boswellia serrata in the Western Ghats, India
- Soumya, Kori V, Shackleton, Charlie M, Setty, Siddappa R
- Authors: Soumya, Kori V , Shackleton, Charlie M , Setty, Siddappa R
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177549 , vital:42832 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117618
- Description: Assessing the effects of harvesting on the population dynamics of important non-timber forest products (NTFPs) species is important for informing species conservation options, guiding sustainable harvesting practices and offtake and supporting local livelihoods. However, harvesting is rarely the only pressure on NTFP populations, and it is vital that the effects of interactive pressures be considered. This applies to Boswellia serrata, an NTFP tree species which is widely harvested for gum-resin used in religious practices. However, in many settings populations are in decline, presumably due to heavy harvesting, but other factors may play a role, such as altered fire regimes and invasive species. Here we report on the effects of harvesting and invasion by Lantana camara on B. serrata populations in three protected areas in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in southern India. We considered tree and juvenile density, size class distribution, and growth, mortality, and recruitment rates in harvested and unharvested populations over two years.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Soumya, Kori V , Shackleton, Charlie M , Setty, Siddappa R
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177549 , vital:42832 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117618
- Description: Assessing the effects of harvesting on the population dynamics of important non-timber forest products (NTFPs) species is important for informing species conservation options, guiding sustainable harvesting practices and offtake and supporting local livelihoods. However, harvesting is rarely the only pressure on NTFP populations, and it is vital that the effects of interactive pressures be considered. This applies to Boswellia serrata, an NTFP tree species which is widely harvested for gum-resin used in religious practices. However, in many settings populations are in decline, presumably due to heavy harvesting, but other factors may play a role, such as altered fire regimes and invasive species. Here we report on the effects of harvesting and invasion by Lantana camara on B. serrata populations in three protected areas in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in southern India. We considered tree and juvenile density, size class distribution, and growth, mortality, and recruitment rates in harvested and unharvested populations over two years.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Improving intravenous fluid prescribing in the Eastern Cape in South Africa
- Luce, Cate, Soffair,Rosie, Parrish, Andy
- Authors: Luce, Cate , Soffair,Rosie , Parrish, Andy
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: South Africa Intravenous fluids Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5120 , vital:44351 , https://doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000406
- Description: Intravenous fluids are an essential component of patient care, but a 2013 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline noted that inappropriate prescribing or administration may lead to actual or potential patient harm in up to 20% of patients.1 This project aimed to improve prescribing documentation and communication between nurses and doctors regarding intravenous fluid management. This was done through the introduction of a fluid chart, in combination with teaching on appropriate fluid management. It was initiated within the medical department of Cecelia Makiwane Hospital in East London, South Africa. 309 patients were included and data were analysed over a 6-month period. The outcome measures were the standards of intravenous fluid prescribing set by the NICE guidelines. The process measure was the use of the new chart. Baseline data highlighted that there was no standardised location for fluid prescriptions within the bedside notes. Following the intervention, 81% of fluid prescriptions were on a fluid chart. The percentage of fluid scripts with a 24-hour fluid prescription, a recorded indication and recorded input increased after the intervention. Seventy six per cent of patients received more than 50% of the fluids prescribed following the intervention compared with 22% at baseline. These results indicated an increase in the doctor’s awareness of appropriate fluid prescribing and an improvement in the communication between doctors and nurses regarding the patient’s fluid management. The engagement of local stakeholders and staff was fundamental to the success of the project and allowed for this change in practice. Fluid management is a vital part of care in many specialties; therefore, a toolkit has been created to allow similar quality improvement projects to be implemented across other hospitals around the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Luce, Cate , Soffair,Rosie , Parrish, Andy
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: South Africa Intravenous fluids Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5120 , vital:44351 , https://doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000406
- Description: Intravenous fluids are an essential component of patient care, but a 2013 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline noted that inappropriate prescribing or administration may lead to actual or potential patient harm in up to 20% of patients.1 This project aimed to improve prescribing documentation and communication between nurses and doctors regarding intravenous fluid management. This was done through the introduction of a fluid chart, in combination with teaching on appropriate fluid management. It was initiated within the medical department of Cecelia Makiwane Hospital in East London, South Africa. 309 patients were included and data were analysed over a 6-month period. The outcome measures were the standards of intravenous fluid prescribing set by the NICE guidelines. The process measure was the use of the new chart. Baseline data highlighted that there was no standardised location for fluid prescriptions within the bedside notes. Following the intervention, 81% of fluid prescriptions were on a fluid chart. The percentage of fluid scripts with a 24-hour fluid prescription, a recorded indication and recorded input increased after the intervention. Seventy six per cent of patients received more than 50% of the fluids prescribed following the intervention compared with 22% at baseline. These results indicated an increase in the doctor’s awareness of appropriate fluid prescribing and an improvement in the communication between doctors and nurses regarding the patient’s fluid management. The engagement of local stakeholders and staff was fundamental to the success of the project and allowed for this change in practice. Fluid management is a vital part of care in many specialties; therefore, a toolkit has been created to allow similar quality improvement projects to be implemented across other hospitals around the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Improving TB infection control in a regional hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Haeusler, Ilsa Louisa, Knights, Felicity, George, Vishaal, Parrish, Andy
- Authors: Haeusler, Ilsa Louisa , Knights, Felicity , George, Vishaal , Parrish, Andy
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Quality circles Tuberculosis--Prevention Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6399 , vital:45465 , https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i2.6828
- Description: This quality improvement (QI) work was carried out in Cecilia Makiwane Hospital (CMH), a regional public hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa (SA). SA has among the highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the world and this is a leading cause of death in SA. Nosocomial infection is an important source of TB transmission. Adherence to TB infection prevention control (IPC) measures in the medical inpatient department was suboptimal at CMH. The overall aim of this QI project was to make sustainable improvements in TB IPC. A multidisciplinary team was formed to undertake a root cause analysis and develop a strategy for change. The main barriers to adherence to IPC measures were limited knowledge of IPC methods and stigma associated with TB. Specifically, the project aimed to increase the number of: ‘airborne precaution’ signs placed above patients’ beds, patients correctly isolated and patients wearing surgical face masks. Four Plan Do-Study-Act cycles were used. The strategy for change involved education and awareness-raising in different formats, including formal in-service training delivered to nurses and doctors, a hospital-wide TB awareness week with engaging activities and competitions, and a World TB Day provincial solidarity march. Data on adherence to the three IPC measures were collected over an 8-month period. Pre-intervention (October 2016), a mean of 2 percent of patients wore face masks, 22 percent were correctly isolated and 12 percent had an airborne precaution sign. Postintervention (May 2017), the compliance improved to 17 percent, 50 percent and 25 percent, respectively. There was a large variation in compliance to each measure. Improvement was greatest in the number of patients correctly isolated. We learnt it is important to work with, not in parallel to, existing teams or structures during QI work. On-the-ground training of nurses and clinicians should be undertaken alongside engagement of senior staff members and managers. This improves the chance of change being adopted into hospital policy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Haeusler, Ilsa Louisa , Knights, Felicity , George, Vishaal , Parrish, Andy
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Quality circles Tuberculosis--Prevention Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6399 , vital:45465 , https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i2.6828
- Description: This quality improvement (QI) work was carried out in Cecilia Makiwane Hospital (CMH), a regional public hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa (SA). SA has among the highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the world and this is a leading cause of death in SA. Nosocomial infection is an important source of TB transmission. Adherence to TB infection prevention control (IPC) measures in the medical inpatient department was suboptimal at CMH. The overall aim of this QI project was to make sustainable improvements in TB IPC. A multidisciplinary team was formed to undertake a root cause analysis and develop a strategy for change. The main barriers to adherence to IPC measures were limited knowledge of IPC methods and stigma associated with TB. Specifically, the project aimed to increase the number of: ‘airborne precaution’ signs placed above patients’ beds, patients correctly isolated and patients wearing surgical face masks. Four Plan Do-Study-Act cycles were used. The strategy for change involved education and awareness-raising in different formats, including formal in-service training delivered to nurses and doctors, a hospital-wide TB awareness week with engaging activities and competitions, and a World TB Day provincial solidarity march. Data on adherence to the three IPC measures were collected over an 8-month period. Pre-intervention (October 2016), a mean of 2 percent of patients wore face masks, 22 percent were correctly isolated and 12 percent had an airborne precaution sign. Postintervention (May 2017), the compliance improved to 17 percent, 50 percent and 25 percent, respectively. There was a large variation in compliance to each measure. Improvement was greatest in the number of patients correctly isolated. We learnt it is important to work with, not in parallel to, existing teams or structures during QI work. On-the-ground training of nurses and clinicians should be undertaken alongside engagement of senior staff members and managers. This improves the chance of change being adopted into hospital policy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
In conversation with South African artist Viwe Madinda: after her performance “Kwathi Kaloku Ngatsomi” during the National Arts Festival
- Authors: Muvhuti, Barnabas
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146948 , vital:38579 , https://africanah.org/viwe-madinda/
- Description: Focusing on Viwe Madinda’s Kwathi Kaloku Ngatsomi, a live art performance staged under the Arts Lounge Program, during South Africa’s 2019 National Arts Festival in Makhanda, this conversation dwells on the significance of the performance. It explores the key symbolic gestures the artist and her mother employed to convey the underlying message. In the aftermath of the performance, Barnabas Ticha Muvhuti sat down with Viwe Madinda to discuss and unpack some of the key moments in the work. What follows is an edited transcript of the conversation which took place at the Arts Lounge at the Arts of Africa and Global Souths Research Program at Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Muvhuti, Barnabas
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146948 , vital:38579 , https://africanah.org/viwe-madinda/
- Description: Focusing on Viwe Madinda’s Kwathi Kaloku Ngatsomi, a live art performance staged under the Arts Lounge Program, during South Africa’s 2019 National Arts Festival in Makhanda, this conversation dwells on the significance of the performance. It explores the key symbolic gestures the artist and her mother employed to convey the underlying message. In the aftermath of the performance, Barnabas Ticha Muvhuti sat down with Viwe Madinda to discuss and unpack some of the key moments in the work. What follows is an edited transcript of the conversation which took place at the Arts Lounge at the Arts of Africa and Global Souths Research Program at Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
In conversation with Zimbabwean artist Kresiah Mukwazhi:
- Authors: Muvhuti, Barnabas
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146959 , vital:38580 , https://africanah.org/in-conversation-with-kresiah-mukwazhi/
- Description: Kresiah Mukwazhi is a Harare-based multidisciplinary artist who is a Fellow of the “Arts of Africa and Global Souths” Residencies for Artists and Writers (RAW) programme in the Fine Art Department at Rhodes University in Makhanda, South Africa. During the 2019 National Arts Festival, she performed Summoned from Luzari as part of the Arts Lounge festival programme. Her two-months residency resulted in the Although I am Young, I am the Mother of this House open studio session in which the audience was invited to engage with the artist and the ideas she has been, is and will be working on. The persona Hes Keresiya, which came to life on that day, is one of the ideas. In this conversation, Barnabas Ticha Muvhuti asks Mukwazhi about her work during the residency and her artistic practice in general.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Muvhuti, Barnabas
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146959 , vital:38580 , https://africanah.org/in-conversation-with-kresiah-mukwazhi/
- Description: Kresiah Mukwazhi is a Harare-based multidisciplinary artist who is a Fellow of the “Arts of Africa and Global Souths” Residencies for Artists and Writers (RAW) programme in the Fine Art Department at Rhodes University in Makhanda, South Africa. During the 2019 National Arts Festival, she performed Summoned from Luzari as part of the Arts Lounge festival programme. Her two-months residency resulted in the Although I am Young, I am the Mother of this House open studio session in which the audience was invited to engage with the artist and the ideas she has been, is and will be working on. The persona Hes Keresiya, which came to life on that day, is one of the ideas. In this conversation, Barnabas Ticha Muvhuti asks Mukwazhi about her work during the residency and her artistic practice in general.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
In Parenthesis:
- Authors: de Jager, Maureen
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147880 , vital:38681 , DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2019.1684966
- Description: IN PARENTHESIS is a practice-based essay which takes shape, parasitically, amidst the “found text” of an existing book, British author Thomas Pakenham's The Boer War (1979, Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball). The “author-reader” interjects into the found text of this authoritative history book, inserting her words amongst those of Pakenham's. What becomes apparent, however, is that the text into which she interjects is not The Boer War verbatim, but a dramatically abridged version. The book's primary content has been edited out. What remains is The Boer War whittled down to a litany of Pakenham's parentheses (the history book distilled into an essence of the seemingly non-essential). Into this stream of bracketed matter, the author-reader writes, ruminating on the parenthesis as ethos (as prison and portal, barricade and breach, enclave and embrace). In turn, her ruminations invite reflection on the conundrum of writing history, of writing this history (and, indeed, of writing per se).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: de Jager, Maureen
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147880 , vital:38681 , DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2019.1684966
- Description: IN PARENTHESIS is a practice-based essay which takes shape, parasitically, amidst the “found text” of an existing book, British author Thomas Pakenham's The Boer War (1979, Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball). The “author-reader” interjects into the found text of this authoritative history book, inserting her words amongst those of Pakenham's. What becomes apparent, however, is that the text into which she interjects is not The Boer War verbatim, but a dramatically abridged version. The book's primary content has been edited out. What remains is The Boer War whittled down to a litany of Pakenham's parentheses (the history book distilled into an essence of the seemingly non-essential). Into this stream of bracketed matter, the author-reader writes, ruminating on the parenthesis as ethos (as prison and portal, barricade and breach, enclave and embrace). In turn, her ruminations invite reflection on the conundrum of writing history, of writing this history (and, indeed, of writing per se).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
In Search of the “Goodlife": Border Crossing and Agency in Luis Alberto Urrea's Into the Beautiful North and Graciela Limón's The River Flows North
- Authors: Naidu, Samantha
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158046 , vital:40142 , https://doi.org/10.1080/18125441.2019.16474490
- Description: This article explores representations of complex diasporic subjectivities that resist, or attempt to resist, obsolete nationalist notions of citizenship and identity by crossing the US– Mexico border (and, in so doing, crossing other intangible borders) in search of a better life. Two examples of border literature, Luis Alberto Urrea's Into the Beautiful North (2009) and Graciela Limón's The River Flows North (2009), have been selected for analysis. These texts, in describing various diaspora spaces—to enlist Avtar Brah's term (Cartographies of Diaspora. London: Routledge, 1996)—also examine how those who do not migrate are affected by migration. In Writing the Goodlife: Mexican American Literature and the Environment (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2016), Priscilla Solis Ybarra reveals how the past century and a half's Mexican-American literature contains valuable new approaches to creating and sustaining new forms of transnational relations between humans, and ecologically sound relationships between humans and nature.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Naidu, Samantha
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158046 , vital:40142 , https://doi.org/10.1080/18125441.2019.16474490
- Description: This article explores representations of complex diasporic subjectivities that resist, or attempt to resist, obsolete nationalist notions of citizenship and identity by crossing the US– Mexico border (and, in so doing, crossing other intangible borders) in search of a better life. Two examples of border literature, Luis Alberto Urrea's Into the Beautiful North (2009) and Graciela Limón's The River Flows North (2009), have been selected for analysis. These texts, in describing various diaspora spaces—to enlist Avtar Brah's term (Cartographies of Diaspora. London: Routledge, 1996)—also examine how those who do not migrate are affected by migration. In Writing the Goodlife: Mexican American Literature and the Environment (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2016), Priscilla Solis Ybarra reveals how the past century and a half's Mexican-American literature contains valuable new approaches to creating and sustaining new forms of transnational relations between humans, and ecologically sound relationships between humans and nature.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
In silico study of Plasmodium 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) for identification of novel inhibitors from SANCDB:
- Diallo, Bakary N, Lobb, Kevin A, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Diallo, Bakary N , Lobb, Kevin A , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162687 , vital:40973 , https://doi.org/10.21955/aasopenres.1114960.1
- Description: In this study, we intended to find potential 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) inhibitors as antimalarial drugs from the South African National Compound Database (SANCDB; https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za) using computational tools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Diallo, Bakary N , Lobb, Kevin A , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162687 , vital:40973 , https://doi.org/10.21955/aasopenres.1114960.1
- Description: In this study, we intended to find potential 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) inhibitors as antimalarial drugs from the South African National Compound Database (SANCDB; https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za) using computational tools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles from Elaeodendron croceum:
- Odeyemi, S W, de la Mare, Jo-Anne, Edkins, Adrienne L, Afolayan, A J
- Authors: Odeyemi, S W , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Edkins, Adrienne L , Afolayan, A J
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163488 , vital:41042 , DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0184
- Description: The cytotoxic properties of nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of attention in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their small size and ability to penetrate cellular membranes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Odeyemi, S W , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Edkins, Adrienne L , Afolayan, A J
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163488 , vital:41042 , DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0184
- Description: The cytotoxic properties of nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of attention in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their small size and ability to penetrate cellular membranes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
In vitro Anti-trypanosomal activities of indanone-based chalcones:
- Beteck, Richard M, Legoabe, Lesetje J, Isaacs, Michelle, Hoppe, Heinrich C
- Authors: Beteck, Richard M , Legoabe, Lesetje J , Isaacs, Michelle , Hoppe, Heinrich C
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158280 , vital:40169 , https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12953
- Description: Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected infectious disease that affects mostly people living in the rural areas of Africa. Current treatment options are limited to just four drugs that have been in use of four to nine decades. The life-threatening toxic side-effects associated with the use of these drugs are disconcerting. Poor efficacy, low oral bioavailability, and high cost are other shortcomings of current HAT treatments. Evaluating the potentials of known hits for other therapeutic areas may be a fast and convenient method to discover new hit compounds against alternative targets. A library of 34 known indanone based chalcones was screened against T.b. brucei and nine potent hits, having IC50 values between 0.5–8.9 µM, were found. The SAR studies of this series could provide useful information in guiding future exploration of this class of compounds in search of more potent, safe, and low cost anti-trypanosomal agents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Beteck, Richard M , Legoabe, Lesetje J , Isaacs, Michelle , Hoppe, Heinrich C
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158280 , vital:40169 , https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12953
- Description: Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected infectious disease that affects mostly people living in the rural areas of Africa. Current treatment options are limited to just four drugs that have been in use of four to nine decades. The life-threatening toxic side-effects associated with the use of these drugs are disconcerting. Poor efficacy, low oral bioavailability, and high cost are other shortcomings of current HAT treatments. Evaluating the potentials of known hits for other therapeutic areas may be a fast and convenient method to discover new hit compounds against alternative targets. A library of 34 known indanone based chalcones was screened against T.b. brucei and nine potent hits, having IC50 values between 0.5–8.9 µM, were found. The SAR studies of this series could provide useful information in guiding future exploration of this class of compounds in search of more potent, safe, and low cost anti-trypanosomal agents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
In vitro antimalarial, antitrypanosomal and HIV-1 integrase inhibitory activities of two Cameroonian medicinal plants
- Fouokeng, Yannick, Feumo Feusso, H M, Mbosso Teinkela, Jean E, Siwe-Noundou, Xavier, Wintjens, René T, Isaacs, Michelle, Hoppe, Heinrich, Krause, Rui W M, Azébazé, Anatole G B, Vardamides, Juliette C
- Authors: Fouokeng, Yannick , Feumo Feusso, H M , Mbosso Teinkela, Jean E , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Wintjens, René T , Isaacs, Michelle , Hoppe, Heinrich , Krause, Rui W M , Azébazé, Anatole G B , Vardamides, Juliette C
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/195014 , vital:45519 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.10.008"
- Description: Antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and anti-HIV-1 activities of crude extracts, fractions and some isolated compounds from two Cameroonian medicinal plants: Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre (Anacardiaceae) and Diospyros conocarpa Gürke ex K. Schum. (Ebenaceae) were assessed. The phytochemical studies led to the isolation of eight compounds (1–8) from Diospyros conocarpa and six compounds (6, 9–13) from Antrocaryon klaineanum. These compounds were identified as mangiferolic acid (1), 3β, 22(S)-dihydroxycycloart-24E-en-26-oic acid (2), lupeol (3), aridanin (4), betulin (5), betulinic acid (6), bergenin (7), D-quercitol(8), entilin C(9), entilin A(10), antrocarine A(11), 7R,20(S)-dihydroxy-4,24(28)-ergostadien-3-one(12) and stigmasterol glucoside (13). The criteria for activity were set as follows: an IC50 value more than 10 μg/mL for crude extracts and more than 1 μg/mL for pure compounds. The hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of A.klaineanum root bark (AKERF1) and the hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of A.klaineanum trunk bark (AKETF1) presented the strongest antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values of 0.4 and 4.4 μg/mL, respectively. Aridanin (4) and antrocarine A(11), as well as the crude extract of D.conocarpa roots (EDCR), AKERF1 and AKETF1 showed moderate trypanocidal effects. The crude extract of A.klaineanum root bark (AKER) and AKETF1 exhibited attractive activities on HIV-1 integrase with IC50 values of 1.96 and 24.04 μg/mL, respectively. The results provide baseline information on the use of A.klaineanum and D.conocarpa extracts, as well as certain components, as sources of new antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and anti-HIV drugs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Fouokeng, Yannick , Feumo Feusso, H M , Mbosso Teinkela, Jean E , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Wintjens, René T , Isaacs, Michelle , Hoppe, Heinrich , Krause, Rui W M , Azébazé, Anatole G B , Vardamides, Juliette C
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/195014 , vital:45519 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.10.008"
- Description: Antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and anti-HIV-1 activities of crude extracts, fractions and some isolated compounds from two Cameroonian medicinal plants: Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre (Anacardiaceae) and Diospyros conocarpa Gürke ex K. Schum. (Ebenaceae) were assessed. The phytochemical studies led to the isolation of eight compounds (1–8) from Diospyros conocarpa and six compounds (6, 9–13) from Antrocaryon klaineanum. These compounds were identified as mangiferolic acid (1), 3β, 22(S)-dihydroxycycloart-24E-en-26-oic acid (2), lupeol (3), aridanin (4), betulin (5), betulinic acid (6), bergenin (7), D-quercitol(8), entilin C(9), entilin A(10), antrocarine A(11), 7R,20(S)-dihydroxy-4,24(28)-ergostadien-3-one(12) and stigmasterol glucoside (13). The criteria for activity were set as follows: an IC50 value more than 10 μg/mL for crude extracts and more than 1 μg/mL for pure compounds. The hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of A.klaineanum root bark (AKERF1) and the hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction of A.klaineanum trunk bark (AKETF1) presented the strongest antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values of 0.4 and 4.4 μg/mL, respectively. Aridanin (4) and antrocarine A(11), as well as the crude extract of D.conocarpa roots (EDCR), AKERF1 and AKETF1 showed moderate trypanocidal effects. The crude extract of A.klaineanum root bark (AKER) and AKETF1 exhibited attractive activities on HIV-1 integrase with IC50 values of 1.96 and 24.04 μg/mL, respectively. The results provide baseline information on the use of A.klaineanum and D.conocarpa extracts, as well as certain components, as sources of new antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and anti-HIV drugs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Inhibition of aluminium corrosion using benzothiazole and its phthalocyanine derivative
- Nnaji, Nnaemeka, Nwaji, Njemuwa, Fomo, Gertrude, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Nnaji, Nnaemeka , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Fomo, Gertrude , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/186949 , vital:44550 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-019-00538-1"
- Description: Cyclic voltammetry and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to study the effects of 4-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol2yl)phenoxy] phthalonitrile (BT) and tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2ylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato] gallium(III)chloride (ClGaBTPc) as aluminium corrosion inhibitors in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. The presence of the inhibitors in the concentration range of 2 to 10 μM was found to retard the aluminium corrosion process such that the inhibition efficiency was found to range from 28.2 to 76.1% for BT and from 71.5 to 82.7% for ClGaBTPc. The latter was a better inhibitor. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray measurements reveal effective metal surface protection by the inhibitors, most probably by shielding it from the corrosion attacks of Cl− from the acid. The calculated quantum chemical parameters agreed with experimental results.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Nnaji, Nnaemeka , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Fomo, Gertrude , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/186949 , vital:44550 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-019-00538-1"
- Description: Cyclic voltammetry and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to study the effects of 4-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol2yl)phenoxy] phthalonitrile (BT) and tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2ylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato] gallium(III)chloride (ClGaBTPc) as aluminium corrosion inhibitors in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. The presence of the inhibitors in the concentration range of 2 to 10 μM was found to retard the aluminium corrosion process such that the inhibition efficiency was found to range from 28.2 to 76.1% for BT and from 71.5 to 82.7% for ClGaBTPc. The latter was a better inhibitor. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray measurements reveal effective metal surface protection by the inhibitors, most probably by shielding it from the corrosion attacks of Cl− from the acid. The calculated quantum chemical parameters agreed with experimental results.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Interactions between two biological control agents and their target weed: a beetle, a bug and a cactus weed
- Mnqeta, Zezethu, Paterson, Iain D
- Authors: Mnqeta, Zezethu , Paterson, Iain D
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417475 , vital:71456 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2019.1631960"
- Description: Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) is an invasive alien shrub introduced into South Africa from Brazil. The leaf-feeding beetle, Phenrica guerini Bechyne (Chrysomelidae), was released as a biological control agent in South Africa in 1991 followed by the stem-wilting bug, Catorhintha schaffneri Brailovsky and Garcia (Coreidae), in 2014. This study investigated the interactions between the two agents under laboratory conditions. Potted plants were exposed to one of four treatments: control (no agents), P. guerini only, C. schaffneri only and both species together. Four densities, ranging from 2 to 12 insects per plant were used. Cathorhitha schaffneri alone at low to moderate densities resulted in the same reduction in number of leaves and shoot length as when combine with P. guerini. At the highest density, C. schaffneri reduced the number of leaves significantly more than any treatment. Mortality of P. guerini was significantly higher than C. schaffneri at the highest density when in combination. The antagonistic interaction between P. guerini and C. schaffneri suggests that these agents should not be released together because this would impact negatively on the overall biocontrol programme against P. aculeata. It is recommended that C. schaffneri should be released at sites where P. guerini is not present. Extrapolation of laboratory-based studies into the field is often challenging, so mass-rearing and releases of P. guerini should continue until there is convincing proof that C. schaffneri alone is more effective than P. guerini in the field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mnqeta, Zezethu , Paterson, Iain D
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417475 , vital:71456 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2019.1631960"
- Description: Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) is an invasive alien shrub introduced into South Africa from Brazil. The leaf-feeding beetle, Phenrica guerini Bechyne (Chrysomelidae), was released as a biological control agent in South Africa in 1991 followed by the stem-wilting bug, Catorhintha schaffneri Brailovsky and Garcia (Coreidae), in 2014. This study investigated the interactions between the two agents under laboratory conditions. Potted plants were exposed to one of four treatments: control (no agents), P. guerini only, C. schaffneri only and both species together. Four densities, ranging from 2 to 12 insects per plant were used. Cathorhitha schaffneri alone at low to moderate densities resulted in the same reduction in number of leaves and shoot length as when combine with P. guerini. At the highest density, C. schaffneri reduced the number of leaves significantly more than any treatment. Mortality of P. guerini was significantly higher than C. schaffneri at the highest density when in combination. The antagonistic interaction between P. guerini and C. schaffneri suggests that these agents should not be released together because this would impact negatively on the overall biocontrol programme against P. aculeata. It is recommended that C. schaffneri should be released at sites where P. guerini is not present. Extrapolation of laboratory-based studies into the field is often challenging, so mass-rearing and releases of P. guerini should continue until there is convincing proof that C. schaffneri alone is more effective than P. guerini in the field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
International book donors and public libraries as partners in primary school literacy development in Kenya:
- Mose, Peter, Kaschula, Russell H
- Authors: Mose, Peter , Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174783 , vital:42509 , https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-05-2018-0046
- Description: The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of international library materials aid in primary schools and to outline obstacles to effective utilization for maximum literacy benefits among primary school children. Data were gathered via interviews, observation, focus group discussions and document analyses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mose, Peter , Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174783 , vital:42509 , https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-05-2018-0046
- Description: The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of international library materials aid in primary schools and to outline obstacles to effective utilization for maximum literacy benefits among primary school children. Data were gathered via interviews, observation, focus group discussions and document analyses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019