Impact of insecticides on the reproductive potential of false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick, 1913)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
- Authors: Fullard, T , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406092 , vital:70238 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC141302"
- Description: False codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta(Meyrick, 1913) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is animportant pest on citrus in South Africa. Several new insecticides were screened for theirpotential negative impacts onT. leucotreta’s reproduction through topical insecticide applica-tions and detached fruit bioassays. Detached fruit bioassays showed that the registeredstandard concentration of Delegate®20 g/100 l and DPX-HGW86 35 ml/100 l caused femalesto oviposit significantly fewer eggs (P= 0.0016) than the controls. The same was found forthe registered concentration of Coragen® (P is less than 0.0001). Topical insecticide trials showed thatonly concentrations of Coragen®, at the registered field rate and above had an effect on themoths’ reproductive output (P is less than 0.0001). Alsystin®and Meothrin™, which were used asindustry standards, did not negatively affect the reproductive output of the moths duringtopical or detached fruit bioassay trials. This study helps to better understand the impor-tance of the application mode,i.e.directly on moths or fruit and implies secondary benefits tosome insecticide applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Fullard, T , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406092 , vital:70238 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC141302"
- Description: False codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta(Meyrick, 1913) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is animportant pest on citrus in South Africa. Several new insecticides were screened for theirpotential negative impacts onT. leucotreta’s reproduction through topical insecticide applica-tions and detached fruit bioassays. Detached fruit bioassays showed that the registeredstandard concentration of Delegate®20 g/100 l and DPX-HGW86 35 ml/100 l caused femalesto oviposit significantly fewer eggs (P= 0.0016) than the controls. The same was found forthe registered concentration of Coragen® (P is less than 0.0001). Topical insecticide trials showed thatonly concentrations of Coragen®, at the registered field rate and above had an effect on themoths’ reproductive output (P is less than 0.0001). Alsystin®and Meothrin™, which were used asindustry standards, did not negatively affect the reproductive output of the moths duringtopical or detached fruit bioassay trials. This study helps to better understand the impor-tance of the application mode,i.e.directly on moths or fruit and implies secondary benefits tosome insecticide applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Impacts of a sub-lethal dose of glyphosate on water hyacinth nutrients and its indirect effects on Neochetina weevils
- Katembo, Naweji, Hill, Martin P, Byrne, Marcus J
- Authors: Katembo, Naweji , Hill, Martin P , Byrne, Marcus J
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417726 , vital:71481 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2013.839982"
- Description: A sub-lethal dose of a herbicide under field conditions was applied to determine if it stimulates an increase in water hyacinth nutrients, thereby increasing feeding intensity by Neochetina spp. weevils used as biocontrol agents of the weed. Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) were measured and compared between sprayed plants and control plants. At one site (Delta Park), N levels were lower in the sprayed plants compared to the control plants both in the leaves and the crown. At the second site (Farm Dam), leaf N was also lower in the sprayed plants than in the control plants, while no difference was found in crown N. Mean number of feeding scars per cm2 at Delta Park was significantly higher on the sprayed plants compared to the control plants, while no significant difference was found at Farm Dam. At Delta Park, there was no correlation, however, between the number of weevil feeding scars and leaf N or C:N ratio in sprayed plants. In conclusion, the sub-lethal dose of glyphosate did not directly result in an increase in weevil feeding intensity but it can be recommended in an integrated control system to retard water hyacinth growth while conserving the weevil population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Katembo, Naweji , Hill, Martin P , Byrne, Marcus J
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417726 , vital:71481 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2013.839982"
- Description: A sub-lethal dose of a herbicide under field conditions was applied to determine if it stimulates an increase in water hyacinth nutrients, thereby increasing feeding intensity by Neochetina spp. weevils used as biocontrol agents of the weed. Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) were measured and compared between sprayed plants and control plants. At one site (Delta Park), N levels were lower in the sprayed plants compared to the control plants both in the leaves and the crown. At the second site (Farm Dam), leaf N was also lower in the sprayed plants than in the control plants, while no difference was found in crown N. Mean number of feeding scars per cm2 at Delta Park was significantly higher on the sprayed plants compared to the control plants, while no significant difference was found at Farm Dam. At Delta Park, there was no correlation, however, between the number of weevil feeding scars and leaf N or C:N ratio in sprayed plants. In conclusion, the sub-lethal dose of glyphosate did not directly result in an increase in weevil feeding intensity but it can be recommended in an integrated control system to retard water hyacinth growth while conserving the weevil population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
In search of the Holy Grail: youth media consumption and the construction of citizenship
- Authors: Steenveld, Lynette N
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158597 , vital:40210 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC141601
- Description: Rather than support the democratic process, as in the ideal scheme of things it should be doing, journalism has become an alienating, cynicism-inducing, narcoticising force in our political culture, turning people off citizenship rather than equipping them to fulfil their democratic potential.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Steenveld, Lynette N
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158597 , vital:40210 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC141601
- Description: Rather than support the democratic process, as in the ideal scheme of things it should be doing, journalism has become an alienating, cynicism-inducing, narcoticising force in our political culture, turning people off citizenship rather than equipping them to fulfil their democratic potential.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Incorporating surrogate species and seascape connectivity to improve marine conservation outcomes
- Olds, Andrew D, Connolly, Rod M, Pitt, Kylie A, Maxwell, Paul S, Aswani, Shankar, Albert, Simon
- Authors: Olds, Andrew D , Connolly, Rod M , Pitt, Kylie A , Maxwell, Paul S , Aswani, Shankar , Albert, Simon
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124722 , vital:35655 , https://doi.10.1111/cobi.12242
- Description: Conservation focuses on maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but gaps in our knowledge of species biology and ecological processes often impede progress. For this reason, focal species and habitats are used as surrogates for multispecies conservation, but species-based approaches are not widely adopted in marine ecosystems. Reserves in the Solomon Islands were designed on the basis of local ecological knowledge to conserve bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) and to protect food security and ecosystem functioning. Bumphead parrotfish are an iconic threatened species and may be a useful surrogate for multispecies conservation. They move across tropical seascapes throughout their life history, in a pattern of habitat use that is shared with many other species. We examined their value as a conservation surrogate and assessed the importance of seascape connectivity (i.e., the physical connectedness of patches in the seascape) among reefs, mangroves, and seagrass to marine reserve performance. Reserves were designed for bumphead parrotfish, but also enhanced the abundance of other species. Integration of local ecological knowledge and seascape connectivity enhanced the abundance of 17 other harvested fish species in local reserves. This result has important implications for ecosystem functioning and local villagers because many of these species perform important ecological processes and provide the foundation for extensive subsistence fisheries. Our findings suggest greater success in maintaining and restoring marine ecosystems may be achieved when they are managed to conserve surrogate species and preserve functional seascape connections.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Olds, Andrew D , Connolly, Rod M , Pitt, Kylie A , Maxwell, Paul S , Aswani, Shankar , Albert, Simon
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124722 , vital:35655 , https://doi.10.1111/cobi.12242
- Description: Conservation focuses on maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but gaps in our knowledge of species biology and ecological processes often impede progress. For this reason, focal species and habitats are used as surrogates for multispecies conservation, but species-based approaches are not widely adopted in marine ecosystems. Reserves in the Solomon Islands were designed on the basis of local ecological knowledge to conserve bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) and to protect food security and ecosystem functioning. Bumphead parrotfish are an iconic threatened species and may be a useful surrogate for multispecies conservation. They move across tropical seascapes throughout their life history, in a pattern of habitat use that is shared with many other species. We examined their value as a conservation surrogate and assessed the importance of seascape connectivity (i.e., the physical connectedness of patches in the seascape) among reefs, mangroves, and seagrass to marine reserve performance. Reserves were designed for bumphead parrotfish, but also enhanced the abundance of other species. Integration of local ecological knowledge and seascape connectivity enhanced the abundance of 17 other harvested fish species in local reserves. This result has important implications for ecosystem functioning and local villagers because many of these species perform important ecological processes and provide the foundation for extensive subsistence fisheries. Our findings suggest greater success in maintaining and restoring marine ecosystems may be achieved when they are managed to conserve surrogate species and preserve functional seascape connections.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Indigenous People’s Detection of Rapid Ecological Change
- Lauer, Matthew, Aswani, Shankar
- Authors: Lauer, Matthew , Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124811 , vital:35699 , https://doi.10.1111/cobi.12250
- Description: When sudden catastrophic events occur, it becomes critical for coastal communities to detect and respond to environmental transformations because failure to do so may undermine overall ecosystem resilience and threaten people’s livelihoods. We therefore asked how capable of detecting rapid ecological change following massive environmental disruptions local, indigenous people are. We assessed the direction and periodicity of experimental learning of people in the Western Solomon Islands after a tsunami in 2007. We compared the results of marine science surveys with local ecological knowledge of the benthos across 3 affected villages and 3 periods before and after the tsunami. We sought to determine how people recognize biophysical changes in the environment before and after catastrophic events such as earthquakes and tsunamis and whether people have the ability to detect ecological changes over short time scales or need longer time scales to recognize changes. Indigenous people were able to detect changes in the benthos over time. Detection levels differed between marine science surveys and local ecological knowledge sources over time, but overall patterns of statistically significant detection of change were evident for various habitats. Our findings have implications for marine conservation, coastal management policies, and disaster-relief efforts because when people are able to detect ecological changes, this, in turn, affects how they exploit and manage their marine resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Lauer, Matthew , Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124811 , vital:35699 , https://doi.10.1111/cobi.12250
- Description: When sudden catastrophic events occur, it becomes critical for coastal communities to detect and respond to environmental transformations because failure to do so may undermine overall ecosystem resilience and threaten people’s livelihoods. We therefore asked how capable of detecting rapid ecological change following massive environmental disruptions local, indigenous people are. We assessed the direction and periodicity of experimental learning of people in the Western Solomon Islands after a tsunami in 2007. We compared the results of marine science surveys with local ecological knowledge of the benthos across 3 affected villages and 3 periods before and after the tsunami. We sought to determine how people recognize biophysical changes in the environment before and after catastrophic events such as earthquakes and tsunamis and whether people have the ability to detect ecological changes over short time scales or need longer time scales to recognize changes. Indigenous people were able to detect changes in the benthos over time. Detection levels differed between marine science surveys and local ecological knowledge sources over time, but overall patterns of statistically significant detection of change were evident for various habitats. Our findings have implications for marine conservation, coastal management policies, and disaster-relief efforts because when people are able to detect ecological changes, this, in turn, affects how they exploit and manage their marine resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Influence of nanoparticle materials on the photophysical behavior of phthalocyanines
- Nyokong, Tebello, Antunes, Edith M
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello , Antunes, Edith M
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190450 , vital:44995 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2013.03.016"
- Description: This review presents recent data on the photophysical behavior of phthalocyanines when conjugated to quantum dots, gold and magnetic nanoparticles. In some cases such conjugates offer the possibility of being used in “combination therapy”, where two or more substances may be used for treating one disease. The review focuses on the effect that the presence of nanoparticles has on the excited and triplet state parameters of the phthalocyanines. Five tables listing these parameters are presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello , Antunes, Edith M
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190450 , vital:44995 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2013.03.016"
- Description: This review presents recent data on the photophysical behavior of phthalocyanines when conjugated to quantum dots, gold and magnetic nanoparticles. In some cases such conjugates offer the possibility of being used in “combination therapy”, where two or more substances may be used for treating one disease. The review focuses on the effect that the presence of nanoparticles has on the excited and triplet state parameters of the phthalocyanines. Five tables listing these parameters are presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Inkcubeko Nendalo: a bio-cultural diversity schools education project in South Africa and its implications for inclusive Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Sustainability.
- Cocks, Michelle L, Alexander, Jamie K, Dold, Anthony P
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Alexander, Jamie K , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141187 , vital:37951 , DOI: 10.1177/0973408212475232
- Description: South Africa is currently the world’s third most biodiverse country, with one of the highest concentrations of threatened biodiversity in the world. Emerging research reveals the increasing pressure on this biodiversity with many wild resources continuing to be utilised for livelihood purposes even within urban environments. The Rio conventions, particularly the CBD, call for an integrated approach to conservation that incorporates local environmental knowledge and practices. In a bid to market itself as globally competitive, South Africa’s Curriculum 2005 (C 2005) is primarily focused on Western-based scientific knowledge, which sidelines the contribution of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) and ignores the holistic nature of indigenous worldviews. The Inkcubeko Nendalo programme is designed to revitalise cultural identity, showing children the value of local indigenous knowledge and cultural environmental values.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Alexander, Jamie K , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141187 , vital:37951 , DOI: 10.1177/0973408212475232
- Description: South Africa is currently the world’s third most biodiverse country, with one of the highest concentrations of threatened biodiversity in the world. Emerging research reveals the increasing pressure on this biodiversity with many wild resources continuing to be utilised for livelihood purposes even within urban environments. The Rio conventions, particularly the CBD, call for an integrated approach to conservation that incorporates local environmental knowledge and practices. In a bid to market itself as globally competitive, South Africa’s Curriculum 2005 (C 2005) is primarily focused on Western-based scientific knowledge, which sidelines the contribution of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) and ignores the holistic nature of indigenous worldviews. The Inkcubeko Nendalo programme is designed to revitalise cultural identity, showing children the value of local indigenous knowledge and cultural environmental values.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Insights from experimental economics on local cooperation in a small-scale fishery management system:
- Aswani, Shankar, Gurney, Georgina G, Mulville, Sara, Matera, Jaime, Gurven, Michael
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Gurney, Georgina G , Mulville, Sara , Matera, Jaime , Gurven, Michael
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145437 , vital:38438 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.08.003
- Description: Cooperation is central to collective management of small-scale fisheries management, including marine protected areas. Thus an understanding of the factors influencing stakeholders’ propensity to cooperate to achieve shared benefits is essential to accomplishing successful collective fisheries management. In this paper we study stakeholders’ cooperative behavioral disposition and elucidate the role of various socio-economic factors in influencing it in the Roviana Lagoon, Western Solomon Islands. We employed a Public Goods Game from experimental economics tailored to mimic the problem of common pool fisheries management to elucidate peoples’ cooperative behavior. Using Ostrom's framework for analyzing social-ecological systems to guide our analysis, we examined how individual-scale variables (e.g., age, education, family size, ethnicity, occupational status, personal norms), in the context of village-scale variables (e.g., village, governance institutions, group coercive action), influence cooperative behavior, as indexed by game contribution. Ostrom's framework provides an effective window for conceptually peeling back the various socio-economic and governance layers which influence cooperation within these communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Gurney, Georgina G , Mulville, Sara , Matera, Jaime , Gurven, Michael
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145437 , vital:38438 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.08.003
- Description: Cooperation is central to collective management of small-scale fisheries management, including marine protected areas. Thus an understanding of the factors influencing stakeholders’ propensity to cooperate to achieve shared benefits is essential to accomplishing successful collective fisheries management. In this paper we study stakeholders’ cooperative behavioral disposition and elucidate the role of various socio-economic factors in influencing it in the Roviana Lagoon, Western Solomon Islands. We employed a Public Goods Game from experimental economics tailored to mimic the problem of common pool fisheries management to elucidate peoples’ cooperative behavior. Using Ostrom's framework for analyzing social-ecological systems to guide our analysis, we examined how individual-scale variables (e.g., age, education, family size, ethnicity, occupational status, personal norms), in the context of village-scale variables (e.g., village, governance institutions, group coercive action), influence cooperative behavior, as indexed by game contribution. Ostrom's framework provides an effective window for conceptually peeling back the various socio-economic and governance layers which influence cooperation within these communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Institutional Repositories and Regional Collaboration: the Content Pro IRX Implementation at SEALS
- Clarke, Roelien, Van der Walt, Wynand
- Authors: Clarke, Roelien , Van der Walt, Wynand
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper , text
- Identifier: vital:6977 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007310
- Description: Paper delivered at the Annual Innovative User Group South Africa (IUGSA) Conference held in Bloemfontein, University of the Free State, 13-15 November 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Clarke, Roelien , Van der Walt, Wynand
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper , text
- Identifier: vital:6977 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007310
- Description: Paper delivered at the Annual Innovative User Group South Africa (IUGSA) Conference held in Bloemfontein, University of the Free State, 13-15 November 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Institutions and economic research: a case of location externalities on agricultural resource allocation in the Kat River basin, South Africa. A Rejoinder
- Mbatha, Cyril N, Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Authors: Mbatha, Cyril N , Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143002 , vital:38184 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1080/03031853.2013.798069
- Description: In Mbatha and Antrobus (2008), an argument was put forward against an importation or adoption of universal models or general theorems to explain locally prevailing socio-economic conditions and predict outcomes in varied geographical contexts such as in the Kat River basin. In response to this argument a comment in this edition argues that our “results are caused by, metaphorically speaking, comparing apples and oranges. If, however, all of the relevant information is taken into account, a simple economic model may suffice to depict the situation within the KRV.” Here we illustrate that the comment comes from a misreading of basic details in the original discussion and in its construction and presentation of an alternative model of the KRV conditions the comment reiterates our original argument that general models and theorems are likely to fail to explain local intricacies primarily because they are not founded on local historical institutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Mbatha, Cyril N , Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143002 , vital:38184 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1080/03031853.2013.798069
- Description: In Mbatha and Antrobus (2008), an argument was put forward against an importation or adoption of universal models or general theorems to explain locally prevailing socio-economic conditions and predict outcomes in varied geographical contexts such as in the Kat River basin. In response to this argument a comment in this edition argues that our “results are caused by, metaphorically speaking, comparing apples and oranges. If, however, all of the relevant information is taken into account, a simple economic model may suffice to depict the situation within the KRV.” Here we illustrate that the comment comes from a misreading of basic details in the original discussion and in its construction and presentation of an alternative model of the KRV conditions the comment reiterates our original argument that general models and theorems are likely to fail to explain local intricacies primarily because they are not founded on local historical institutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Investigation of institutions for the implementation of the Dutywa Agripark Project in Mbashe Local Municipality in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Ndita, Bongani Herschel
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Agricultural development projects , Rangelands
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24587 , vital:63210
- Description: The study investigated local institutions amongst Agri-park project beneficiaries: A case of Dutywa Agri-park in Mbashe Local Municipality. Specifically, the dissertation sought to: investigate formal and informal institutions pertaining to land, rangeland management and support services, extension services amongst Agri-park beneficiaries, and explore options with communities to strengthen these institutions for the application of the Agri-park projects. The role of local institutions in economic development has received steadily increasing attention from researchers, policy makers and development practitioners. , institutions can be defined as the formal and informal rules of the game that have been formulated to rule people‟s behaviour and transactions. Informal rules may include among others, customs, norms and standards, religion, indigenous law while formal rules may include laws, constitutions, policies, markets and firms. This study used a survey design, quantitative and qualitative research methodologies involving the use of questionnaire. The data for this study was collected from 114 households which are Agri-park project beneficiaries, the extension officer, project site manager and local economic development officer. The data were collected through face to face and telephonic interviews. Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0) were used for descriptive analysis in order to identify the existing local institutions and how they should be strengthen. The results showed that a number of local institutions do exist. The main findings of this study were as follows: (1) Project beneficiaries were aware of their stakeholders and that they knew the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder in the project. (2) Traditional leaders were aware about the project and that they have a major role to play. (3) Project beneficiaries have organized themselves into groups of co-operatives and their co-operatives are registered with the Department of Agriculture. (4) Project initiators are going to transfer the ownership of the project to these communities after it becomes well established. (5) There was a mutual agreement of youth employment rotation in the project between these four communities. (6) The condition of lease agreement for a land where the project currently running is 9 months renewable contract with the rental payment of R 6300.00 per annum. (7) The lease agreement gives the church a property right to reclaim the land should payments not be made. (8) Project beneficiaries possess some agricultural skills and that they have received various training. The study recommended that there is a need to strengthen these rules and regulation for the project to become more efficient and productive in the long-run. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Ndita, Bongani Herschel
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Agricultural development projects , Rangelands
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24587 , vital:63210
- Description: The study investigated local institutions amongst Agri-park project beneficiaries: A case of Dutywa Agri-park in Mbashe Local Municipality. Specifically, the dissertation sought to: investigate formal and informal institutions pertaining to land, rangeland management and support services, extension services amongst Agri-park beneficiaries, and explore options with communities to strengthen these institutions for the application of the Agri-park projects. The role of local institutions in economic development has received steadily increasing attention from researchers, policy makers and development practitioners. , institutions can be defined as the formal and informal rules of the game that have been formulated to rule people‟s behaviour and transactions. Informal rules may include among others, customs, norms and standards, religion, indigenous law while formal rules may include laws, constitutions, policies, markets and firms. This study used a survey design, quantitative and qualitative research methodologies involving the use of questionnaire. The data for this study was collected from 114 households which are Agri-park project beneficiaries, the extension officer, project site manager and local economic development officer. The data were collected through face to face and telephonic interviews. Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0) were used for descriptive analysis in order to identify the existing local institutions and how they should be strengthen. The results showed that a number of local institutions do exist. The main findings of this study were as follows: (1) Project beneficiaries were aware of their stakeholders and that they knew the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder in the project. (2) Traditional leaders were aware about the project and that they have a major role to play. (3) Project beneficiaries have organized themselves into groups of co-operatives and their co-operatives are registered with the Department of Agriculture. (4) Project initiators are going to transfer the ownership of the project to these communities after it becomes well established. (5) There was a mutual agreement of youth employment rotation in the project between these four communities. (6) The condition of lease agreement for a land where the project currently running is 9 months renewable contract with the rental payment of R 6300.00 per annum. (7) The lease agreement gives the church a property right to reclaim the land should payments not be made. (8) Project beneficiaries possess some agricultural skills and that they have received various training. The study recommended that there is a need to strengthen these rules and regulation for the project to become more efficient and productive in the long-run. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Is classical biological control a 20th century" old science" paradigm that is losing its way?
- Sheppard, Andy, Werner, K, Hill, Martin P, McEvoy, Peter, Fowler, Simon, Hill, Richard
- Authors: Sheppard, Andy , Werner, K , Hill, Martin P , McEvoy, Peter , Fowler, Simon , Hill, Richard
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425434 , vital:72239 , xlink:href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/44754"
- Description: For years most countries accepted the benefits of biological control as given, leading to facilitated inside lanes through the regulatory maze. "Successes" led to many passionate disciples over science rationalists. Biocontrol targets continue to be selected on assumptions of good value with little direct evidence. Even when successful, biocontrol has rarely delivered environmental benefits that have been measured. Money flow is still healthy, but is arguably being directed against less impactful targets. Lack of science rigour exposes the field to attacks from an increasing number of critics as values change. A global change driven counter-revolution is underway on the dichotomy of hate between natives and aliens. Will climate change undermine even currently successful biocontrol outcomes? Meanwhile negative direct and indirect impacts of biological continue to fuel dissent. Nowhere is this issue hotter than in Hawaii where "invaders" have massively increased biodiversity, make up nearly all the biomass and create whole new ecosystems. This workshop will entertain a panel discussion around the future for classical biological control of weeds. Does it need to change its paradigm in response to changing societal values, if so can it reinvent itself?
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Sheppard, Andy , Werner, K , Hill, Martin P , McEvoy, Peter , Fowler, Simon , Hill, Richard
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425434 , vital:72239 , xlink:href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/44754"
- Description: For years most countries accepted the benefits of biological control as given, leading to facilitated inside lanes through the regulatory maze. "Successes" led to many passionate disciples over science rationalists. Biocontrol targets continue to be selected on assumptions of good value with little direct evidence. Even when successful, biocontrol has rarely delivered environmental benefits that have been measured. Money flow is still healthy, but is arguably being directed against less impactful targets. Lack of science rigour exposes the field to attacks from an increasing number of critics as values change. A global change driven counter-revolution is underway on the dichotomy of hate between natives and aliens. Will climate change undermine even currently successful biocontrol outcomes? Meanwhile negative direct and indirect impacts of biological continue to fuel dissent. Nowhere is this issue hotter than in Hawaii where "invaders" have massively increased biodiversity, make up nearly all the biomass and create whole new ecosystems. This workshop will entertain a panel discussion around the future for classical biological control of weeds. Does it need to change its paradigm in response to changing societal values, if so can it reinvent itself?
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Is Fairtrade in commercial farms justifiable?: its impact on commercial and small-scale producers in South Africa
- Jari, Bridget, Snowball, Jeanette D, Fraser, Gavin C G
- Authors: Jari, Bridget , Snowball, Jeanette D , Fraser, Gavin C G
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69408 , vital:29519 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2013.847036
- Description: Fairtrade initially was limited to improving the lives of small-scale and peasant farmers, but later on it embraced commercial farmers, which attracted criticism. While there are a number of justifications for the Fairtrade organization's decision, there are authors who feel that meaningful “fair trade” cannot be achieved with the inclusion of commercial farms. This paper investigates the impact of Fairtrade on commercial farms and small-scale farmer cooperatives in South Africa. Fairtrade on South African commercial farms embraces a number of policy concerns related to land reform, BEE and sustainable development. The results of the study show that when commercial farms are included in the Fairtrade model, communities in which these farmers live benefit from developmental projects. In addition, in some instances, farm workers gain shares in the commercial farms, and benefit from the farm owners’ knowledge and capital.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Jari, Bridget , Snowball, Jeanette D , Fraser, Gavin C G
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69408 , vital:29519 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2013.847036
- Description: Fairtrade initially was limited to improving the lives of small-scale and peasant farmers, but later on it embraced commercial farmers, which attracted criticism. While there are a number of justifications for the Fairtrade organization's decision, there are authors who feel that meaningful “fair trade” cannot be achieved with the inclusion of commercial farms. This paper investigates the impact of Fairtrade on commercial farms and small-scale farmer cooperatives in South Africa. Fairtrade on South African commercial farms embraces a number of policy concerns related to land reform, BEE and sustainable development. The results of the study show that when commercial farms are included in the Fairtrade model, communities in which these farmers live benefit from developmental projects. In addition, in some instances, farm workers gain shares in the commercial farms, and benefit from the farm owners’ knowledge and capital.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
IsiXhosa lexicography: past, present and future
- Authors: Nkomo, Dion , Wababa, Zola
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67526 , vital:29108 , http://dx.doi.org/10.5788/23-1-1219
- Description: Publisher version , This article presents a panoramic and critical overview of isiXhosa lexicography and its impact on the intellectualisation of this indigenous South African language. The history of isi¬Xhosa lexicography dates back more than two centuries. However, there still exists a need for dic¬tionaries that serve the language-speaking community as practical tools for addressing diverse communication and learning-oriented needs in the current language policy dispensation. The Isi¬Xhosa National Lexicography Unit (XNLU) is currently working on dictionary projects that attempt to address this situation while at the same time not losing sight of the mandate that the Pan South African National Language Board (PanSALB) placed on all the National Lexicography Units (NLUs). For this to happen, the article argues that the NLU needs to put lexicographic prac¬tice into its historical perspective, i.e. conceiving dictionary projects in the light of existing diction¬aries and lexicographic traditions in the language. Over and above that, there is a need to take into account the recent developments in lexicographic research, adopt co-operative lexicographic prac¬tice and develop a dictionary culture among the isiXhosa-speaking community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Nkomo, Dion , Wababa, Zola
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67526 , vital:29108 , http://dx.doi.org/10.5788/23-1-1219
- Description: Publisher version , This article presents a panoramic and critical overview of isiXhosa lexicography and its impact on the intellectualisation of this indigenous South African language. The history of isi¬Xhosa lexicography dates back more than two centuries. However, there still exists a need for dic¬tionaries that serve the language-speaking community as practical tools for addressing diverse communication and learning-oriented needs in the current language policy dispensation. The Isi¬Xhosa National Lexicography Unit (XNLU) is currently working on dictionary projects that attempt to address this situation while at the same time not losing sight of the mandate that the Pan South African National Language Board (PanSALB) placed on all the National Lexicography Units (NLUs). For this to happen, the article argues that the NLU needs to put lexicographic prac¬tice into its historical perspective, i.e. conceiving dictionary projects in the light of existing diction¬aries and lexicographic traditions in the language. Over and above that, there is a need to take into account the recent developments in lexicographic research, adopt co-operative lexicographic prac¬tice and develop a dictionary culture among the isiXhosa-speaking community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Karoo volcanic and intrusive rocks: Lesotho and Eastern Cape
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144890 , vital:38388
- Description: The Karoo Igneous Province is one of the classic Mesozoic continental flood basalt provinces. At present erosion levels it comprises numerous eroded remnants of an extensive, thick volcanic sequence (largely lava flows) and a well-exposed subvolcanic intrusive complex of dykes and sheets which are particularly abundant in the underlying Karoo sedimentary strata.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144890 , vital:38388
- Description: The Karoo Igneous Province is one of the classic Mesozoic continental flood basalt provinces. At present erosion levels it comprises numerous eroded remnants of an extensive, thick volcanic sequence (largely lava flows) and a well-exposed subvolcanic intrusive complex of dykes and sheets which are particularly abundant in the underlying Karoo sedimentary strata.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Knockdown of Hop downregulates RhoC expression, and decreases pseudopodia formation and migration in cancer cell lines:
- Willmer, Tarryn, Contu, Lara, Blatch, Gregory L, Edkins, Adrienne L
- Authors: Willmer, Tarryn , Contu, Lara , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165196 , vital:41217 , DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.021
- Description: The Hsp90/Hsp70 organising protein (Hop) is a co-chaperone that mediates the interaction of Hsp90 and Hsp70 molecular chaperones during assembly of Hsp90 complexes in cells. Formation of Hsp90 complexes is a key intermediate step in the maturation and homeostasis of oncoproteins and several hormone receptors. In this paper, we demonstrate that knockdown of Hop decreased migration of Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Hop was identified in isolated pseudopodia fractions; it colocalised with actin in lamellipodia, and co-sedimented with purified actin in vitro. Knockdown of Hop caused a decrease in the level of RhoC GTPase, and significantly inhibited pseudopodia formation in Hs578T cells. Our data suggest that Hop regulates directional cell migration by multiple unknown mechanisms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Willmer, Tarryn , Contu, Lara , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165196 , vital:41217 , DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.021
- Description: The Hsp90/Hsp70 organising protein (Hop) is a co-chaperone that mediates the interaction of Hsp90 and Hsp70 molecular chaperones during assembly of Hsp90 complexes in cells. Formation of Hsp90 complexes is a key intermediate step in the maturation and homeostasis of oncoproteins and several hormone receptors. In this paper, we demonstrate that knockdown of Hop decreased migration of Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Hop was identified in isolated pseudopodia fractions; it colocalised with actin in lamellipodia, and co-sedimented with purified actin in vitro. Knockdown of Hop caused a decrease in the level of RhoC GTPase, and significantly inhibited pseudopodia formation in Hs578T cells. Our data suggest that Hop regulates directional cell migration by multiple unknown mechanisms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Land claims and the pursuit of co-management on four protected areas in South Africa
- Cundill, Georgina, Thondhlana, Gladman, Sisitka, Lawrence, Shackleton, Sheona, Blorea, M
- Authors: Cundill, Georgina , Thondhlana, Gladman , Sisitka, Lawrence , Shackleton, Sheona , Blorea, M
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391223 , vital:68632 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.05.016"
- Description: Successful land claims on protected areas by previously disenfranchised communities often result in co-management agreements between claimant communities and state conservation agencies. South Africa, in particular, has pursued co-management as the desired outcome of land claims on its protected areas. We review four cases of co-management on protected areas in South Africa, and reflect on the appropriateness of the pursuit of co-management as the preferred outcome of land claims. Despite promises of pro-poor, democratically informed management, the practical experience of co-management has seen the continuation of the status quo in terms of conservation, with very few material benefits for claimant communities and limited sharing of responsibilities and decision-making functions. The findings underscore two deep challenges facing co-management in cases of land claims worldwide. First, during land claims negotiations in cases involving protected areas, the state cannot be expected to represent the best interests of its citizens (the land claimants), while simultaneously seeking to meet national and international obligations for protected area coverage. Second, the concept of democratic co-management may sit uncomfortably beside the realities of managing loss-making protected areas with ever-shrinking conservation budgets. Where co-management agreements have already been signed, ensuring that new landowners do indeed have a say in management should form the driving focus for co-management practice going forward.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Cundill, Georgina , Thondhlana, Gladman , Sisitka, Lawrence , Shackleton, Sheona , Blorea, M
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391223 , vital:68632 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.05.016"
- Description: Successful land claims on protected areas by previously disenfranchised communities often result in co-management agreements between claimant communities and state conservation agencies. South Africa, in particular, has pursued co-management as the desired outcome of land claims on its protected areas. We review four cases of co-management on protected areas in South Africa, and reflect on the appropriateness of the pursuit of co-management as the preferred outcome of land claims. Despite promises of pro-poor, democratically informed management, the practical experience of co-management has seen the continuation of the status quo in terms of conservation, with very few material benefits for claimant communities and limited sharing of responsibilities and decision-making functions. The findings underscore two deep challenges facing co-management in cases of land claims worldwide. First, during land claims negotiations in cases involving protected areas, the state cannot be expected to represent the best interests of its citizens (the land claimants), while simultaneously seeking to meet national and international obligations for protected area coverage. Second, the concept of democratic co-management may sit uncomfortably beside the realities of managing loss-making protected areas with ever-shrinking conservation budgets. Where co-management agreements have already been signed, ensuring that new landowners do indeed have a say in management should form the driving focus for co-management practice going forward.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Lechwe Trust Collection:
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147547 , vital:38648 , https://doi.org/10.1162/afar.2005.38.3.78
- Description: The caustic humor of The Arts Delegate (2000), by the cartoonist popularly known in Zambia as" Yuss," captures a dynamic readily found in the Zambian art world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147547 , vital:38648 , https://doi.org/10.1162/afar.2005.38.3.78
- Description: The caustic humor of The Arts Delegate (2000), by the cartoonist popularly known in Zambia as" Yuss," captures a dynamic readily found in the Zambian art world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Life-history characteristics of an age-validated established invasive African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, population in a warm–temperate African impoundment
- Wartenberg, Reece, Weyl, Olaf L F, Booth, Anthony J, Winker, A Henning
- Authors: Wartenberg, Reece , Weyl, Olaf L F , Booth, Anthony J , Winker, A Henning
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124921 , vital:35710 , https://doi.10.3377/004.048.0225
- Description: African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) is a widely distributed fish that has now invaded water bodies in South America, Eastern Europe, Asia and South Africa (Cambray 2003). In South Africa it is native as far south as the Orange-Vaal river system, but inter-basin water transfer schemes (IBWTs), illegal stocking by anglers and from aquaculture has resulted in the establishment of extralimital populations in almost all river systems (van Rensburg et al. 2011). Within the Eastern Cape Province, C. gariepinus has invaded the Great Fish and Sundays rivers through IBWTs, that connect the Orange River to the Great Fish River and then to the Sundays River system which flows directly into Darlington Dam (Kadye & Booth 2013a) (Fig. 1). Soon after the completion of the IBWTs sharptooth catfish were recorded in Grassridge Dam in 1976 (Laurenson & Hocutt 1985), and later from Darlington Dam in 1981 (Scott et al. 2006). Although Cambray & Jubb (1977) are of the opinion that the species was translocated prior to the IBWT connection, there is now a permanent corridor between the Orange River and its receiving river systems that can facilitate the continued introduction of non-native Orange River fishes and other aquatic biota.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Wartenberg, Reece , Weyl, Olaf L F , Booth, Anthony J , Winker, A Henning
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124921 , vital:35710 , https://doi.10.3377/004.048.0225
- Description: African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) is a widely distributed fish that has now invaded water bodies in South America, Eastern Europe, Asia and South Africa (Cambray 2003). In South Africa it is native as far south as the Orange-Vaal river system, but inter-basin water transfer schemes (IBWTs), illegal stocking by anglers and from aquaculture has resulted in the establishment of extralimital populations in almost all river systems (van Rensburg et al. 2011). Within the Eastern Cape Province, C. gariepinus has invaded the Great Fish and Sundays rivers through IBWTs, that connect the Orange River to the Great Fish River and then to the Sundays River system which flows directly into Darlington Dam (Kadye & Booth 2013a) (Fig. 1). Soon after the completion of the IBWTs sharptooth catfish were recorded in Grassridge Dam in 1976 (Laurenson & Hocutt 1985), and later from Darlington Dam in 1981 (Scott et al. 2006). Although Cambray & Jubb (1977) are of the opinion that the species was translocated prior to the IBWT connection, there is now a permanent corridor between the Orange River and its receiving river systems that can facilitate the continued introduction of non-native Orange River fishes and other aquatic biota.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Like Katherine
- Authors: Morgan, Jane Mary Kathleen
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Creative writing , Fiction , South Africa , Creative writing (Higher education) , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century , South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , English language -- Writing
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001814
- Description: Vicky, a thirty something English radio journalist, has moved to Cape Town to try and work out what it is that's missing from her life and to fill the gap. At first she thinks she's found what she's looking for, but a series of unsettling events makes her realise she has simply brought her problems with her. She goes back to England, ostensibly for work, where she is contacted by her stepbrother, Mark. They hardly know each other but he has a reason for wanting to find her. They meet and, for both of them, their encounters change the way they see themselves and their relationships. Vicky comes to understand more about her past and her family and, for the first time, to find a connection with her emotional life
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Morgan, Jane Mary Kathleen
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Creative writing , Fiction , South Africa , Creative writing (Higher education) , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century , South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , English language -- Writing
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001814
- Description: Vicky, a thirty something English radio journalist, has moved to Cape Town to try and work out what it is that's missing from her life and to fill the gap. At first she thinks she's found what she's looking for, but a series of unsettling events makes her realise she has simply brought her problems with her. She goes back to England, ostensibly for work, where she is contacted by her stepbrother, Mark. They hardly know each other but he has a reason for wanting to find her. They meet and, for both of them, their encounters change the way they see themselves and their relationships. Vicky comes to understand more about her past and her family and, for the first time, to find a connection with her emotional life
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013