Spatio-temporal variability of larval abundance and settlement of Perna perna: differential delivery of mussels
- Porri, Francesca, McQuaid, Christopher D, Radloff, Sarah E
- Authors: Porri, Francesca , McQuaid, Christopher D , Radloff, Sarah E
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6877 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011625 , http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps315141
- Description: We examined larval availability and settlement of the intertidal mussel Perna perna simultaneously at different spatial and temporal scales using a nested design at 2 sites, 3 km apart on the south coast of South Africa. Each site had 3 locations (300 m apart) where 5 artificial settler collectors were placed about 20 cm apart. Collectors were replaced on temporal scales varying from fortnightly (for 16 mo) to daily (2 series of 15 to 20 d). Each intertidal location was paired with an inshore location (these too were 300 m apart) within 500 m of the shore, where larval availability was measured by 3 vertical plankton hauls collected on the same dates as for settler sampling. There was strong temporal variation in abundances of larvae and settlers, and no correlation (r always < 0.14) was found between the two. Larvae were abundant only at the start of sampling and rare for the rest of the study, while distinct peaks in settler numbers occurred later. No spatial effect was detected for larval availability, while there was strong spatial variation in settlement at the location level. These results indicate that, on scales of 100s of m to km, delivery of larvae from the nearshore water column onto the shore is strongly differential, with some locations consistently receiving more settlers than others. We conclude that, at these sites, the patchiness in settlement observed on scales of 100s of m depends on differential delivery, rather than differential offshore distribution of larvae. We suggest that differential delivery is due to the effect of nearshore bottom topography on local hydrodynamics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Porri, Francesca , McQuaid, Christopher D , Radloff, Sarah E
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6877 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011625 , http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps315141
- Description: We examined larval availability and settlement of the intertidal mussel Perna perna simultaneously at different spatial and temporal scales using a nested design at 2 sites, 3 km apart on the south coast of South Africa. Each site had 3 locations (300 m apart) where 5 artificial settler collectors were placed about 20 cm apart. Collectors were replaced on temporal scales varying from fortnightly (for 16 mo) to daily (2 series of 15 to 20 d). Each intertidal location was paired with an inshore location (these too were 300 m apart) within 500 m of the shore, where larval availability was measured by 3 vertical plankton hauls collected on the same dates as for settler sampling. There was strong temporal variation in abundances of larvae and settlers, and no correlation (r always < 0.14) was found between the two. Larvae were abundant only at the start of sampling and rare for the rest of the study, while distinct peaks in settler numbers occurred later. No spatial effect was detected for larval availability, while there was strong spatial variation in settlement at the location level. These results indicate that, on scales of 100s of m to km, delivery of larvae from the nearshore water column onto the shore is strongly differential, with some locations consistently receiving more settlers than others. We conclude that, at these sites, the patchiness in settlement observed on scales of 100s of m depends on differential delivery, rather than differential offshore distribution of larvae. We suggest that differential delivery is due to the effect of nearshore bottom topography on local hydrodynamics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Reproductive biology of a riverine cyprinid, Labeo umbratus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), in small South African reservoirs
- Potts, Warren M, Booth, Anthony J, Hecht, Thomas, Andrew, Timothy G
- Authors: Potts, Warren M , Booth, Anthony J , Hecht, Thomas , Andrew, Timothy G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125854 , vital:35826 , https://doi.10.2989/16085910509503849
- Description: The reproductive and recruitment characteristics of moggel, Labeo umbratus, populations were examined in four small South African reservoirs. Reproduction, characterised by an extended spawning season, high fecundity, short incubation time and rapid larval development, appears to be ideally suited to the highly variable environment of small reservoirs. Evidence suggested that L. umbratus spawns in the reservoirs. In two reservoirs where samples were conducted monthly, GSI (gonado-somatic index) was positively correlated with both water temperature and day length, whilst the CPUE (catch per unit effort) of juveniles was not related to any environmental variable. The success of moggel spawning appeared to increase when there was early spring and consistent summer rainfall.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Potts, Warren M , Booth, Anthony J , Hecht, Thomas , Andrew, Timothy G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125854 , vital:35826 , https://doi.10.2989/16085910509503849
- Description: The reproductive and recruitment characteristics of moggel, Labeo umbratus, populations were examined in four small South African reservoirs. Reproduction, characterised by an extended spawning season, high fecundity, short incubation time and rapid larval development, appears to be ideally suited to the highly variable environment of small reservoirs. Evidence suggested that L. umbratus spawns in the reservoirs. In two reservoirs where samples were conducted monthly, GSI (gonado-somatic index) was positively correlated with both water temperature and day length, whilst the CPUE (catch per unit effort) of juveniles was not related to any environmental variable. The success of moggel spawning appeared to increase when there was early spring and consistent summer rainfall.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Acanthurus tristis, a valid Indian Ocean surgeonfish (Perciformes: Acanthuridae)
- Randall, John E, 1924-, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Randall, John E, 1924- , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1993-01
- Subjects: Surgeonfishes , Fishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70933 , vital:29762 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 54 , After examination of Col. Tickell’s unpublished manuscript and colour paintings of Burmese fishes, Day (1888) listed the surgeonfish Acanthurus tristis Tickell as a synonym of A. tennentii Gunther (1861); he gave the dorsal-fin spine count of 8 and provided a colour description, including mention of a white margin on the caudal fin. Of the species of Acanthurus, only A. pyroferus Kittlitz from the Pacific has 8 dorsal spines. Randall (1956a) treated tristis as a synonym of this pecies; the differences in colouration between tristis and pyroferus were regarded as within the range of variability of the latter. Both forms were observed together in Bali in 1982-1991. A. tristis is therefore regarded as a valid species and is redescribed. In the interest of stability of nomenclature, a neotype for A. tristis is designated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993-01
- Authors: Randall, John E, 1924- , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1993-01
- Subjects: Surgeonfishes , Fishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70933 , vital:29762 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 54 , After examination of Col. Tickell’s unpublished manuscript and colour paintings of Burmese fishes, Day (1888) listed the surgeonfish Acanthurus tristis Tickell as a synonym of A. tennentii Gunther (1861); he gave the dorsal-fin spine count of 8 and provided a colour description, including mention of a white margin on the caudal fin. Of the species of Acanthurus, only A. pyroferus Kittlitz from the Pacific has 8 dorsal spines. Randall (1956a) treated tristis as a synonym of this pecies; the differences in colouration between tristis and pyroferus were regarded as within the range of variability of the latter. Both forms were observed together in Bali in 1982-1991. A. tristis is therefore regarded as a valid species and is redescribed. In the interest of stability of nomenclature, a neotype for A. tristis is designated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993-01
Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 1951
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1951
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8085 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004395
- Description: Rhodes University Inaugural Celebrations Programme. Special Graduation Ceremony, Grahamstown, Friday, 9th March, 1951. , Installation as Chancellor of the University of Dr. B. F. J. Schonland, C.B.E., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., and Honorary Graduation Ceremony in the City Hall, Grahamstown, Thursday, October 25th, 1951, 11a.m.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1951
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1951
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8085 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004395
- Description: Rhodes University Inaugural Celebrations Programme. Special Graduation Ceremony, Grahamstown, Friday, 9th March, 1951. , Installation as Chancellor of the University of Dr. B. F. J. Schonland, C.B.E., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., and Honorary Graduation Ceremony in the City Hall, Grahamstown, Thursday, October 25th, 1951, 11a.m.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1951
Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 1999
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8133 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006778
- Description: Rhodes University 1999 Graduation Ceremonies [at] 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 9 April 1999 at 18:00 p.m. [and] 10 April 1999 at 10:30 a.m. , The Installation of Gert Johannes Gerwel as Chancellor of Rhodes University to be followed by a Graduation Ceremony 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 9 April 1999 at 10:30 a.m. , Rhodes University 1999 Graduation Ceremony City Hall, East London Friday, 7 May 1999 at 18:00 p.m.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8133 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006778
- Description: Rhodes University 1999 Graduation Ceremonies [at] 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 9 April 1999 at 18:00 p.m. [and] 10 April 1999 at 10:30 a.m. , The Installation of Gert Johannes Gerwel as Chancellor of Rhodes University to be followed by a Graduation Ceremony 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 9 April 1999 at 10:30 a.m. , Rhodes University 1999 Graduation Ceremony City Hall, East London Friday, 7 May 1999 at 18:00 p.m.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Computer modelling of ore body formation by a multi-disciplinary approach : some initial results
- Rice, A
- Authors: Rice, A
- Date: 1988
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6741 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007557
- Description: Reports on the initial efforts of a computational programme at Rhodes University in Cape Province, South Africa to model the formation of mineral deposits in the country. Initial results pertaining to the cooling of buried bodies of molten rock; Contribution to a better margin of success for South African mineral industries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Rice, A
- Date: 1988
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6741 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007557
- Description: Reports on the initial efforts of a computational programme at Rhodes University in Cape Province, South Africa to model the formation of mineral deposits in the country. Initial results pertaining to the cooling of buried bodies of molten rock; Contribution to a better margin of success for South African mineral industries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Developmental and spatial variations in the diet signatures of hyperbenthic shrimp Nauticaris marionis at the Prince Edward Islands based on stable isotope ratios and fatty acid profiles
- Richoux, Nicole B, Allan, Elizabeth L, Froneman, P William
- Authors: Richoux, Nicole B , Allan, Elizabeth L , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67923 , vital:29169 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.02.0131
- Description: Publisher version , The caridean shrimp Nauticaris marionis is an ecologically important species in the benthic community around the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEI) as it represents a key prey item for a variety of top predators breeding on the islands. We hypothesized that the diet of N. marionis shifts during its development, and that spatial variability in food availability results in differentiation in the diet signatures of specimens collected from various locations of the shelf waters around the PEI. Specimens were collected from nine stations (depth range 70 to 240 m) around the PEI at inter-island shelf (from west to east: upstream, between and downstream) and nearshore regions during austral autumn 2009. Stable isotope and fatty acid data both revealed spatial and developmental variations in the shrimp diet. Nearshore shrimp were more 13C-enriched than those from the inter-island region, suggesting increased kelp detritus entered the food web in the nearshore regions. The shrimp showed increases in δ13C and δ15N signatures (and trophic position) with an increase in body size, resulting in distinctions between size classes that reflected shifts in their trophic niche through development. The fatty acid profiles similarly indicated distinctions in diet with increased shrimp size (in the deep regions), and spatial variability was evident in relation to region and depth. All shrimp contained large proportions of polyunsaturated and essential fatty acids, indicating that the quality of food consumed was similar between regions despite the diet variability. Our results provide new dietary information about a key species operating near the base of the food web at the highly productive PEI, and show that there were no areas of enhanced nutrition available to the shrimp. As such, there was no nutritional advantage to shrimp inhabiting any specific region around the PEI.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Richoux, Nicole B , Allan, Elizabeth L , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67923 , vital:29169 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.02.0131
- Description: Publisher version , The caridean shrimp Nauticaris marionis is an ecologically important species in the benthic community around the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEI) as it represents a key prey item for a variety of top predators breeding on the islands. We hypothesized that the diet of N. marionis shifts during its development, and that spatial variability in food availability results in differentiation in the diet signatures of specimens collected from various locations of the shelf waters around the PEI. Specimens were collected from nine stations (depth range 70 to 240 m) around the PEI at inter-island shelf (from west to east: upstream, between and downstream) and nearshore regions during austral autumn 2009. Stable isotope and fatty acid data both revealed spatial and developmental variations in the shrimp diet. Nearshore shrimp were more 13C-enriched than those from the inter-island region, suggesting increased kelp detritus entered the food web in the nearshore regions. The shrimp showed increases in δ13C and δ15N signatures (and trophic position) with an increase in body size, resulting in distinctions between size classes that reflected shifts in their trophic niche through development. The fatty acid profiles similarly indicated distinctions in diet with increased shrimp size (in the deep regions), and spatial variability was evident in relation to region and depth. All shrimp contained large proportions of polyunsaturated and essential fatty acids, indicating that the quality of food consumed was similar between regions despite the diet variability. Our results provide new dietary information about a key species operating near the base of the food web at the highly productive PEI, and show that there were no areas of enhanced nutrition available to the shrimp. As such, there was no nutritional advantage to shrimp inhabiting any specific region around the PEI.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Derivation of quantitative management objectives for annual instream water temperatures in the Sabie River using a biological index
- Rivers-Moore, N A, Jewitt, G P W, Weeks, D C
- Authors: Rivers-Moore, N A , Jewitt, G P W , Weeks, D C
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7093 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012426
- Description: Adaptive management of river systems assumes uncertainty and makes provision for system variability. Inherent within this management approach is that perceived limits of 'acceptable' system variability are regarded not only as testable hypotheses, but also as playing a central role in maintaining biodiversity. While the Kruger National Park currently functions as a flagship conservation area in South Africa, projected increases in air temperatures as a consequence of global climate change present challenges in conserving this biodiversity inside the established land boundaries. Within the rivers of the Kruger National Park, a management goal of maintaining biodiversity requires a clearer understanding of system variability. One component of this is water temperature, an important water quality parameter defining the distribution patterns of aquatic organisms. In this study, Chiloglanis anoterus Crass (1960) (Pisces: Mochokidae) was selected as a biological indicator of changes in annual water temperatures within the Sabie River in the southern Kruger National Park. Relative abundances of C. anoterus were determined using standard electro-fishing surveys. The presence or absence of C. anoterus was linked to cumulative annual heat units using a logistic regression model, and a critical annual cumulative water temperature threshold estimated. A correlative relationship between this temperature threshold and a biological index using a C. anoterus condition factor provides river ecologists with a tool to assess ecologically significant warming trends in Sabie River water temperatures. A similar approach could be applied with relative ease to other Southern African river systems. Further testing of this hypothesis is suggested, as part of the adaptive management cycle.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Rivers-Moore, N A , Jewitt, G P W , Weeks, D C
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7093 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012426
- Description: Adaptive management of river systems assumes uncertainty and makes provision for system variability. Inherent within this management approach is that perceived limits of 'acceptable' system variability are regarded not only as testable hypotheses, but also as playing a central role in maintaining biodiversity. While the Kruger National Park currently functions as a flagship conservation area in South Africa, projected increases in air temperatures as a consequence of global climate change present challenges in conserving this biodiversity inside the established land boundaries. Within the rivers of the Kruger National Park, a management goal of maintaining biodiversity requires a clearer understanding of system variability. One component of this is water temperature, an important water quality parameter defining the distribution patterns of aquatic organisms. In this study, Chiloglanis anoterus Crass (1960) (Pisces: Mochokidae) was selected as a biological indicator of changes in annual water temperatures within the Sabie River in the southern Kruger National Park. Relative abundances of C. anoterus were determined using standard electro-fishing surveys. The presence or absence of C. anoterus was linked to cumulative annual heat units using a logistic regression model, and a critical annual cumulative water temperature threshold estimated. A correlative relationship between this temperature threshold and a biological index using a C. anoterus condition factor provides river ecologists with a tool to assess ecologically significant warming trends in Sabie River water temperatures. A similar approach could be applied with relative ease to other Southern African river systems. Further testing of this hypothesis is suggested, as part of the adaptive management cycle.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Prediction of water temperature metrics using spatial modelling in the Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa
- Rivers-Moore, N A, Mantel, S, Dallas, H F
- Authors: Rivers-Moore, N A , Mantel, S , Dallas, H F
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7071 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003947 , http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502012000200002&script=sci_arttext
- Description: Key aspects of a river's temperature regime are described by magnitudes, timing and durations of thermal events, and frequencies of extreme exceedance events. To understand alterations to thermal regimes, it is necessary to describe thermal time series based on these statistics. Classification of sites based on their thermal metrics, and understanding of spatial patterns of these thermal statistics, provides a powerful approach for comparing study sites against reference sites. Water temperature regime dynamics should be viewed regionally, where regional divisions have an inherent underpinning by an understanding of natural thermal variability. The aim of this research was to link key water temperature metrics to readily-mapped environmental surrogates, and to produce spatial images of temperature metrics: 37 temperature metrics were derived for 12 months of sub-daily water temperatures at 90 sites in the Eastern Cape and Western Cape provinces, South Africa. These metrics were correlated with 16 environmental variables. Correlations enabled development of multiple regression models which facilitated mapping of temperature metrics over the study area. This approach has the potential to be applied at a national scale as more thermal time series are collected nationally. It is argued that the appropriateness of management decisions in rivers can be improved by including guidelines for thermal metrics at a regional scale. Such maps could facilitate incorporation of a temperature component into management guidelines for water resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Rivers-Moore, N A , Mantel, S , Dallas, H F
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7071 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003947 , http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502012000200002&script=sci_arttext
- Description: Key aspects of a river's temperature regime are described by magnitudes, timing and durations of thermal events, and frequencies of extreme exceedance events. To understand alterations to thermal regimes, it is necessary to describe thermal time series based on these statistics. Classification of sites based on their thermal metrics, and understanding of spatial patterns of these thermal statistics, provides a powerful approach for comparing study sites against reference sites. Water temperature regime dynamics should be viewed regionally, where regional divisions have an inherent underpinning by an understanding of natural thermal variability. The aim of this research was to link key water temperature metrics to readily-mapped environmental surrogates, and to produce spatial images of temperature metrics: 37 temperature metrics were derived for 12 months of sub-daily water temperatures at 90 sites in the Eastern Cape and Western Cape provinces, South Africa. These metrics were correlated with 16 environmental variables. Correlations enabled development of multiple regression models which facilitated mapping of temperature metrics over the study area. This approach has the potential to be applied at a national scale as more thermal time series are collected nationally. It is argued that the appropriateness of management decisions in rivers can be improved by including guidelines for thermal metrics at a regional scale. Such maps could facilitate incorporation of a temperature component into management guidelines for water resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
General Management: BEC 322 & 322
- Rowles, M, Puchert, Juliet, Fatoki, O O, Tait, M
- Authors: Rowles, M , Puchert, Juliet , Fatoki, O O , Tait, M
- Date: 2010-01
- Subjects: Management -- Examinations, questions, etc.
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17436 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010246
- Description: General Management: BEC 322 & 322, supplementary examination January 2010.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010-01
- Authors: Rowles, M , Puchert, Juliet , Fatoki, O O , Tait, M
- Date: 2010-01
- Subjects: Management -- Examinations, questions, etc.
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17436 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010246
- Description: General Management: BEC 322 & 322, supplementary examination January 2010.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010-01
The development of a geomorphological classification system for the longitudinal zonation of South African rivers
- Rowntree, Kate, Wadeson, Roy A, O'Keeffe, Jay
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate , Wadeson, Roy A , O'Keeffe, Jay
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7082 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012338
- Description: The recognition of the Reserve by the new South African Water Law poses new challenges for river scientists. The ecological water requirement or environmental flow is recognised by that part of the Reserve known as the ecological Reserve. If the ecological Reserve is to be implemented, it must first be defined and quantified for all river systems subject to water related developments. Standard procedures are being developed through the Resource Directed Measures (RDM) of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry while monitoring the health of South Africa's rivers is taking place through the National River Health Programme (NRHP). Cost effective methods of developing spatial frameworks for both the RDM and NRHP are required. Concepts of longitudinal river zonation were developed by river ecologists in the 1960s and 1970s to assist in the classification of ecologically uniform stretches of rivers. This paper reviews the different zonation concepts and presents a geomorphological classification of South African river zones that is being applied to the RDM and NRHP. The classification is tested on three rivers, the Sabie, Buffalo and Olifants.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate , Wadeson, Roy A , O'Keeffe, Jay
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7082 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012338
- Description: The recognition of the Reserve by the new South African Water Law poses new challenges for river scientists. The ecological water requirement or environmental flow is recognised by that part of the Reserve known as the ecological Reserve. If the ecological Reserve is to be implemented, it must first be defined and quantified for all river systems subject to water related developments. Standard procedures are being developed through the Resource Directed Measures (RDM) of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry while monitoring the health of South Africa's rivers is taking place through the National River Health Programme (NRHP). Cost effective methods of developing spatial frameworks for both the RDM and NRHP are required. Concepts of longitudinal river zonation were developed by river ecologists in the 1960s and 1970s to assist in the classification of ecologically uniform stretches of rivers. This paper reviews the different zonation concepts and presents a geomorphological classification of South African river zones that is being applied to the RDM and NRHP. The classification is tested on three rivers, the Sabie, Buffalo and Olifants.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
Exploring risk related to future climates through role-playing games: the African catchment game
- Rowntree, Kate M, Fraenkel, Linda A, Fox, Roddy C
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate M , Fraenkel, Linda A , Fox, Roddy C
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper
- Identifier: vital:6671 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006807
- Description: Risk is the result of two interacting components: hazard and vulnerability. Climatic hazards are related to extrinsic factors such as drought or severe storms. Vul- nerability is the result of intrinsic factors that often arise from the socio-political- economic context. The interplay of risk and vulnerability is difficult to predict. Although computer models have been widely used to forecast climate related risk, albeit with con- siderable uncertainty, they can never capture sufficiently the vulnerability of human sys- tems to these hazards. Role-playing games can be used more realistically to simulate pos- sible outcomes of different climate change scenarios, and allow players to reflect on their significance. The authors have developed the African Catchment Game to simulate a wa- ter scarce African country. Risk can be modelled mechanistically by changing the nature of the annual rainfall input. Vulnerability can in part be modelled by changing the start- ing parameters (such as access to land and resources) and, secondly, through the unpredictable response of players to game dynamics. Players’ reflections demonstrate that through the game they become more aware of the concept of risk and the complex response of individuals and societies that determine their vulnerability to climatic hazards. This paper reflects on the potential for developing the game further as a tool for participatory learning around climate change, based on the authors’ experience of playing the game with participants from South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate M , Fraenkel, Linda A , Fox, Roddy C
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper
- Identifier: vital:6671 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006807
- Description: Risk is the result of two interacting components: hazard and vulnerability. Climatic hazards are related to extrinsic factors such as drought or severe storms. Vul- nerability is the result of intrinsic factors that often arise from the socio-political- economic context. The interplay of risk and vulnerability is difficult to predict. Although computer models have been widely used to forecast climate related risk, albeit with con- siderable uncertainty, they can never capture sufficiently the vulnerability of human sys- tems to these hazards. Role-playing games can be used more realistically to simulate pos- sible outcomes of different climate change scenarios, and allow players to reflect on their significance. The authors have developed the African Catchment Game to simulate a wa- ter scarce African country. Risk can be modelled mechanistically by changing the nature of the annual rainfall input. Vulnerability can in part be modelled by changing the start- ing parameters (such as access to land and resources) and, secondly, through the unpredictable response of players to game dynamics. Players’ reflections demonstrate that through the game they become more aware of the concept of risk and the complex response of individuals and societies that determine their vulnerability to climatic hazards. This paper reflects on the potential for developing the game further as a tool for participatory learning around climate change, based on the authors’ experience of playing the game with participants from South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Vegetation controls on channel stability in the Bell River, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Rowntree, Kate M, Dollar, Evan S J
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate M , Dollar, Evan S J
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6720 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006796
- Description: Channel instability has occurred in the Bell River in the form of meander cutoffs, a number of which have occurred since 1952. Increased sediment loading from widespread gully erosion in the catchment has been proposed as the trigger for this instability. Willow species of the Salix family, in particular S. caprea, have been planted along the banks in an effort to prevent further channel shifting. This study reports the results of an investigation into the effect of vegetation on channel form and stability over a 17 km stretch of channel. Results indicate that riparian vegetation has significant effects on channel form which have implications for channel stability. Riparian vegetation increases bank stability and reduces channel cross-sectional area, thereby inducing stability at flows less than bankfull. Evidence indicates that narrow stable stretches are associated with relatively high levels of riparian vegetation. Wider, unstable channels are associated with relatively less riparian vegetation. The effectiveness of riparian vegetation relative to bank sediments was investigated. A dense growth of willows was found to have an equivalent effect to banks with a silt-clay ratio of about 70 per cent. The channel narrowing induced by vegetation may contribute to channel shifting at high flows. The reduced channel capacity is thought to result in more frequent overbank flooding which may ultimately lead to channel avulsion. Thus where increased sediment loading is pushing the channel towards instability, vegetation may be effective in imparting local stability, but it is unable to prevent long-term channel shifts, and may rather help to push the system towards more frequent avulsions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate M , Dollar, Evan S J
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6720 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006796
- Description: Channel instability has occurred in the Bell River in the form of meander cutoffs, a number of which have occurred since 1952. Increased sediment loading from widespread gully erosion in the catchment has been proposed as the trigger for this instability. Willow species of the Salix family, in particular S. caprea, have been planted along the banks in an effort to prevent further channel shifting. This study reports the results of an investigation into the effect of vegetation on channel form and stability over a 17 km stretch of channel. Results indicate that riparian vegetation has significant effects on channel form which have implications for channel stability. Riparian vegetation increases bank stability and reduces channel cross-sectional area, thereby inducing stability at flows less than bankfull. Evidence indicates that narrow stable stretches are associated with relatively high levels of riparian vegetation. Wider, unstable channels are associated with relatively less riparian vegetation. The effectiveness of riparian vegetation relative to bank sediments was investigated. A dense growth of willows was found to have an equivalent effect to banks with a silt-clay ratio of about 70 per cent. The channel narrowing induced by vegetation may contribute to channel shifting at high flows. The reduced channel capacity is thought to result in more frequent overbank flooding which may ultimately lead to channel avulsion. Thus where increased sediment loading is pushing the channel towards instability, vegetation may be effective in imparting local stability, but it is unable to prevent long-term channel shifts, and may rather help to push the system towards more frequent avulsions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
The development of a geomorphological classification system for the longitudinal zonation of South African rivers
- Rowntree, Kate M, Wadeson, R A, O'Keeffe, Jay
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate M , Wadeson, R A , O'Keeffe, Jay
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6722 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006799
- Description: The recognition of the Reserve by the new South African Water Law poses new challenges for river scientists. The ecological water requirement or environmental flow is recognised by that part of the Reserve known as the ecological Reserve. If the ecological Reserve is to be implemented, it must first be defined and quantified for all river systems subject to water related developments. Standard procedures are being developed through the Resource Directed Measures (RDM) of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry while monitoring the health of South Africa's rivers is taking place through the National River Health Programme (NRHP). Cost effective methods of developing spatial frameworks for both the RDM and NRHP are required. Concepts of longitudinal river zonation were developed by river ecologists in the 1960s and 1970s to assist in the classification of ecologically uniform stretches of rivers. This paper reviews the different zonation concepts and presents a geomorphological classification of South African river zones that is being applied to the RDM and NRHP. The classification is tested on three rivers, the Sabie, Buffalo and Olifants.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate M , Wadeson, R A , O'Keeffe, Jay
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6722 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006799
- Description: The recognition of the Reserve by the new South African Water Law poses new challenges for river scientists. The ecological water requirement or environmental flow is recognised by that part of the Reserve known as the ecological Reserve. If the ecological Reserve is to be implemented, it must first be defined and quantified for all river systems subject to water related developments. Standard procedures are being developed through the Resource Directed Measures (RDM) of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry while monitoring the health of South Africa's rivers is taking place through the National River Health Programme (NRHP). Cost effective methods of developing spatial frameworks for both the RDM and NRHP are required. Concepts of longitudinal river zonation were developed by river ecologists in the 1960s and 1970s to assist in the classification of ecologically uniform stretches of rivers. This paper reviews the different zonation concepts and presents a geomorphological classification of South African river zones that is being applied to the RDM and NRHP. The classification is tested on three rivers, the Sabie, Buffalo and Olifants.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
Integrating environmental flow requirements into a stakeholder driven catchment management process
- Rowntree, Kate M, Birkholz, Sharon A, Burt, Jane C, Fox, Helen E
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate M , Birkholz, Sharon A , Burt, Jane C , Fox, Helen E
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper
- Identifier: vital:6670 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006804
- Description: South Africa's National Water Act (NWA no 36 of 1998) recognizes the need for environmental protection through the ecological Reserve, defined in the Act as the quantity and quality of water required to protect aquatic ecosystems in order to secure ecologically sustainable development through the constrained use of the relevant water resource. Further more the NWA stipulates that the allocation of licenses to new water users, or the granting of increased water use to established water users, can only take place once the the Reserve for the river has been determined and approved by the Minister. This means that water users' needs (beyond those required for basic human needs) take second place behind the environment. Whether or not the inclusion of the ecological Reserve in South Africa's water legislation leads to sustainable use of South Africa's water resources depends on its successful implementation. This in turn depends on the will of both the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF), the implementing agent, and the end water users who need to be convinced of the priority given to environmental needs. In this paper we look at the process of implementing the ecological Reserve in the Kat Valley in the Eastern Cape of South Africa as part of a stakeholder driven process of developing a water allocation plan for the catchment that prioritized participation by water users. The extent to which DWAF and the water users expedited or thwarted the process is examined in the light of national and international calls for local-level participation in water resource management processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Rowntree, Kate M , Birkholz, Sharon A , Burt, Jane C , Fox, Helen E
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Conference paper
- Identifier: vital:6670 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006804
- Description: South Africa's National Water Act (NWA no 36 of 1998) recognizes the need for environmental protection through the ecological Reserve, defined in the Act as the quantity and quality of water required to protect aquatic ecosystems in order to secure ecologically sustainable development through the constrained use of the relevant water resource. Further more the NWA stipulates that the allocation of licenses to new water users, or the granting of increased water use to established water users, can only take place once the the Reserve for the river has been determined and approved by the Minister. This means that water users' needs (beyond those required for basic human needs) take second place behind the environment. Whether or not the inclusion of the ecological Reserve in South Africa's water legislation leads to sustainable use of South Africa's water resources depends on its successful implementation. This in turn depends on the will of both the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF), the implementing agent, and the end water users who need to be convinced of the priority given to environmental needs. In this paper we look at the process of implementing the ecological Reserve in the Kat Valley in the Eastern Cape of South Africa as part of a stakeholder driven process of developing a water allocation plan for the catchment that prioritized participation by water users. The extent to which DWAF and the water users expedited or thwarted the process is examined in the light of national and international calls for local-level participation in water resource management processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Nelabrichthys, a new genus of labrid fish (Perciformes: Labridae) from the southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans
- Russell, Barry C, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Russell, Barry C , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1983-01
- Subjects: Wrasses , Fishes -- Classification
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69980 , vital:29604 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 27 , A new monotypic genus of labrid fish, Nelabrichthys, is recognized for Labrus ornatus Carmichael, described from Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic. Labrichthys lantzii Sauvage and L. isleanus Sauvage from Saint-Paul Island in the southern Indian Ocean, and Platyglossus robinsoni Gilchrist and Thompson, erroneously thought to be from the Natal coast of South Africa, are junior syonyms of N. ornatus.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983-01
- Authors: Russell, Barry C , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1983-01
- Subjects: Wrasses , Fishes -- Classification
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69980 , vital:29604 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 27 , A new monotypic genus of labrid fish, Nelabrichthys, is recognized for Labrus ornatus Carmichael, described from Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic. Labrichthys lantzii Sauvage and L. isleanus Sauvage from Saint-Paul Island in the southern Indian Ocean, and Platyglossus robinsoni Gilchrist and Thompson, erroneously thought to be from the Natal coast of South Africa, are junior syonyms of N. ornatus.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983-01
Reproductive biology of ningu, Labeo victorianus (pisces: cyprinidae), in the kagera and Sio rivers, Uganda
- Rutaisire, Justus, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Rutaisire, Justus , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125864 , vital:35827 , https://doi.10.1007/s10641-004-5564-8
- Description: We investigated aspects of the reproductive biology of the cyprinid fish, Labeo victorianus, locally known as ningu, in the Kagera and Sio Rivers, Uganda. These rivers represent the last remaining refuges for this species within Uganda. L. victorianus is a highly fecund, potamodrometic fish that migrates upstream to spawn. Spawning is generally synchronised with the bimodal water level maxima observed within the rivers. There were, however, some deviations from this pattern. We caught sexually mature fish throughout the year in the Sio River, and noticed that spawing started before the second rainfall peak. Fish from the Kagera matured at significantly larger sizes than fish from the Sio River. Male and female fish, from both rivers, fed intensively during the non-breeding months accumulating significant fat reserves; a probable energy storage mechanism prior to their spawning migrations. The differences between the populations is probably a phenotypic response to differing abiotic factors such as river size, flow velocity and food availability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Rutaisire, Justus , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125864 , vital:35827 , https://doi.10.1007/s10641-004-5564-8
- Description: We investigated aspects of the reproductive biology of the cyprinid fish, Labeo victorianus, locally known as ningu, in the Kagera and Sio Rivers, Uganda. These rivers represent the last remaining refuges for this species within Uganda. L. victorianus is a highly fecund, potamodrometic fish that migrates upstream to spawn. Spawning is generally synchronised with the bimodal water level maxima observed within the rivers. There were, however, some deviations from this pattern. We caught sexually mature fish throughout the year in the Sio River, and noticed that spawing started before the second rainfall peak. Fish from the Kagera matured at significantly larger sizes than fish from the Sio River. Male and female fish, from both rivers, fed intensively during the non-breeding months accumulating significant fat reserves; a probable energy storage mechanism prior to their spawning migrations. The differences between the populations is probably a phenotypic response to differing abiotic factors such as river size, flow velocity and food availability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
SACCAWU National Newsletter - The Finance worker
- SACCAWU
- Authors: SACCAWU
- Date: Feb 1996
- Subjects: SACCAWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113678 , vital:33819
- Description: Workers in the finance sector's struggle against low wages, unfair labour practice, racial and gender discrimination by their wealthy bosses have been ignored for too long. We are seen as pencil pushers and white collar workers who earn big salaries. Now, the time has come for the truth, to put the record straight and speak as one voice through. The Finance Worker, our own mouthpiece, spearheaded by our union SACCAWU. SACCAWU is the only union that recognises the struggle of the comrades in the finance sector, therefore those workers who are not yet members of our union should organise and join SACCAWU to become a strong force in the finance sector. Workers at Sanlam, Fust National Bank, Metropolitan, Standard Bank, African Bank, Price Forbes &. .Alexander and others have already joined SACCAWU. The time to sit and watch our wealthy bosses (fat cats ) in their flashy cars and huge palaces, whilst we go home with a starting wage, is over. We must organise, unite and support each other to fight for a liting wage, better working conditions, and basic trade union rights. This newsletter will give all the workers in the finance sector the opportunity to have their say on worker issues. It will be up to you the workers, to make this newsletter a success and a pain in the (SjSSS of the bosses. We plan to publish an issue every month, depending on contributions from vou, the workers. The names of workers who'll be sending, in articles and other contributions will remain anonymous if the}- so wish, to prevent them from bemg victimised and intimidated by Management. SACCAWU accept full editorial responsibility for the newsletter and the production thereof.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Feb 1996
- Authors: SACCAWU
- Date: Feb 1996
- Subjects: SACCAWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113678 , vital:33819
- Description: Workers in the finance sector's struggle against low wages, unfair labour practice, racial and gender discrimination by their wealthy bosses have been ignored for too long. We are seen as pencil pushers and white collar workers who earn big salaries. Now, the time has come for the truth, to put the record straight and speak as one voice through. The Finance Worker, our own mouthpiece, spearheaded by our union SACCAWU. SACCAWU is the only union that recognises the struggle of the comrades in the finance sector, therefore those workers who are not yet members of our union should organise and join SACCAWU to become a strong force in the finance sector. Workers at Sanlam, Fust National Bank, Metropolitan, Standard Bank, African Bank, Price Forbes &. .Alexander and others have already joined SACCAWU. The time to sit and watch our wealthy bosses (fat cats ) in their flashy cars and huge palaces, whilst we go home with a starting wage, is over. We must organise, unite and support each other to fight for a liting wage, better working conditions, and basic trade union rights. This newsletter will give all the workers in the finance sector the opportunity to have their say on worker issues. It will be up to you the workers, to make this newsletter a success and a pain in the (SjSSS of the bosses. We plan to publish an issue every month, depending on contributions from vou, the workers. The names of workers who'll be sending, in articles and other contributions will remain anonymous if the}- so wish, to prevent them from bemg victimised and intimidated by Management. SACCAWU accept full editorial responsibility for the newsletter and the production thereof.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Feb 1996
SADTU's Major three year capacity building programme
- SADTU
- Authors: SADTU
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: SADTU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134593 , vital:37180
- Description: SADTU has planned to launch a major capacity building programme in 1996. SADTU is a young union. Formed in 1990 as the only non-racial, non-sexist and democratic teachers’ union in South Africa, SADTU was viewed as a champion of teacher rights and thus the ideal organisation to campaign for transformative change. Consequently there was a significant shift of membership from established teacher associations. SADTU grasped this initiative and was able to earn an enviable position in educational struggles. The Union’s tremendous growth in size however has meant more responsibility at all organisational levels. Teachers’ demands and expectations have increased in the post apartheid era. Also the demands of educational reconstruction have become more complex. The country’s constitution and the new political demarcations have necessitated a realignment of our structures. The creation of nine provincial education departments with concurrent powers with the National Ministry of Education has introduced still more challenges for the Union. SADTU is now faced with the task of co-ordinating its activities at five levels, namely: National, Provincial, Regional, Branch and Site.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: SADTU
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: SADTU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134593 , vital:37180
- Description: SADTU has planned to launch a major capacity building programme in 1996. SADTU is a young union. Formed in 1990 as the only non-racial, non-sexist and democratic teachers’ union in South Africa, SADTU was viewed as a champion of teacher rights and thus the ideal organisation to campaign for transformative change. Consequently there was a significant shift of membership from established teacher associations. SADTU grasped this initiative and was able to earn an enviable position in educational struggles. The Union’s tremendous growth in size however has meant more responsibility at all organisational levels. Teachers’ demands and expectations have increased in the post apartheid era. Also the demands of educational reconstruction have become more complex. The country’s constitution and the new political demarcations have necessitated a realignment of our structures. The creation of nine provincial education departments with concurrent powers with the National Ministry of Education has introduced still more challenges for the Union. SADTU is now faced with the task of co-ordinating its activities at five levels, namely: National, Provincial, Regional, Branch and Site.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Municipal Infrastructure Investment Framework
- SAMWU
- Authors: SAMWU
- Date: Mar 1996
- Subjects: SAMWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111085 , vital:33376
- Description: We enclose our preliminary response to the report. This serves as our contribution to the agenda for the meeting currently scheduled for 22 March 1996 in Cape Town. Intended to commence early and continue until lunch time - if not beyond. We record that we have discussed the representation of different departments which need to be present from Governments side -including yourselves, Constitutional Development, Water Affairs, Finance, and Labour. We would further note that the participants need to understand that we are not impressed in general when we arrange meetings only to have details change at the last moment. From our side you can expect a delegation of between 12-14 persons including representatives of our 9 regions and national office bearers. SAMWU first became aware of the MIIF during the Portfolio Committee Public Hearing on local government legislation held in November 1995. A copy of the full document was received by our office in mid-January 1996. A covering letter indicated that a key issue in the MIIF was the " nature and extent of private sector involvement in extending service delivery". A meeting was held, on 21 February 1996, between the Minister without Portfolio, the Director General in the RDP Office and a delegation from SAMWU. It is necessary to note that this first formal contact was very belated and does not serve to engender trust in any process. We do not accept that any serious attempt was made to involve the union prior to the document being made public. It is our view that the attitude to unions , as reflected in the document, was one of “unions will have to be accommodated “ (our Italics). Implying more of a necessary evil than any concern for a partnership. “ Partnerships” being reserved for business, small entrepreneurs and big capital. We have been assured that the document remain a consultative document and that we can still make our input. The fact is that it is already taken to represent government policy and is being acted upon in such terms. A case in point being the planning already being done by the DBS A in respect to water and sanitation (Municipal Engineer - Jan 96 ). It is necessary that Government correct this impression if further consultation is to be taken seriously. It is our view that in its current form the document is being used as a means of mounting an attack on the direct provision of services by local government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Mar 1996
- Authors: SAMWU
- Date: Mar 1996
- Subjects: SAMWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111085 , vital:33376
- Description: We enclose our preliminary response to the report. This serves as our contribution to the agenda for the meeting currently scheduled for 22 March 1996 in Cape Town. Intended to commence early and continue until lunch time - if not beyond. We record that we have discussed the representation of different departments which need to be present from Governments side -including yourselves, Constitutional Development, Water Affairs, Finance, and Labour. We would further note that the participants need to understand that we are not impressed in general when we arrange meetings only to have details change at the last moment. From our side you can expect a delegation of between 12-14 persons including representatives of our 9 regions and national office bearers. SAMWU first became aware of the MIIF during the Portfolio Committee Public Hearing on local government legislation held in November 1995. A copy of the full document was received by our office in mid-January 1996. A covering letter indicated that a key issue in the MIIF was the " nature and extent of private sector involvement in extending service delivery". A meeting was held, on 21 February 1996, between the Minister without Portfolio, the Director General in the RDP Office and a delegation from SAMWU. It is necessary to note that this first formal contact was very belated and does not serve to engender trust in any process. We do not accept that any serious attempt was made to involve the union prior to the document being made public. It is our view that the attitude to unions , as reflected in the document, was one of “unions will have to be accommodated “ (our Italics). Implying more of a necessary evil than any concern for a partnership. “ Partnerships” being reserved for business, small entrepreneurs and big capital. We have been assured that the document remain a consultative document and that we can still make our input. The fact is that it is already taken to represent government policy and is being acted upon in such terms. A case in point being the planning already being done by the DBS A in respect to water and sanitation (Municipal Engineer - Jan 96 ). It is necessary that Government correct this impression if further consultation is to be taken seriously. It is our view that in its current form the document is being used as a means of mounting an attack on the direct provision of services by local government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Mar 1996