Zimbabwean women online: an investigation of how gendered identities are negotiated in Zimbabwean women’s online spaces
- Authors: Ndlovu, Nonhlanhla
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Woman -- Zimbabwe -- Social life and customs Social media -- Social aspects -- Zimbabwe Facebook (Firm) Women -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/140452 , vital:37890
- Description: This study is concerned with the construction of Zimbabwean women’s identities in this contemporary internet age. Two Facebook groups are of particular interest here due to the vibrant conversations that take place on a daily basis, that is, Makhox Women’s League and Baking & Cooking: ZW Women’s Diaries. Conceiving these internet sites as discursive spaces, I unpack the contesting discourses and tensions in the different narratives offered by Zimbabwean women and identify and critique the competing sets of feminine subjectivities. I achieve this by drawing on poststructuralist and postcolonialist feminist theories in order to situate these groups as cultural sites that are particularly identity defining. I particularly draw on Foucauldian theories of discourse, power and the subject to conceptualise the formation of particular discursive gendered subjectivities. With an understanding that discourse is constitutive of power relations and contestations, and that discourse should be historically contextualised in order to take into account particular conditions of existence; I draw on Mamdani’s (1996) conceptualisation of how power is organised in Africa within a historical and institutional context, and identify the bifurcated nature of the postcolonial Zimbabwean state as a colonial residue as necessitating a particular kind of subjectivity. To this end, one can understand the different femininities on Makhox Women’s League and Baking & Cooking: ZW Women’s Diaries as constituted within, and complexly negotiating, a traditional/customary discourse and a rights-based modern one. This qualitative inquiry is informed by an eclectic approach that combines methods of textual analysis that complements both critical linguistics and media studies and attends to lexical structure as well as narrative and rhetorical analysis respectively. Combined with an online ethnographic approach I employ these tools to analyse these particular Facebook groups with the understanding that as women converse daily on these platforms, they ‘govern’ each other’s conduct and thought processes in interesting ways. I argue that these conversations discursively constitute the performances of different femininities on both sites that also take into account the diasporic condition of Zimbabwean women. I show how they negotiate and mediate feminine performance and in so doing propose and contest certain ‘truths’ that are frequently validated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ndlovu, Nonhlanhla
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Woman -- Zimbabwe -- Social life and customs Social media -- Social aspects -- Zimbabwe Facebook (Firm) Women -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/140452 , vital:37890
- Description: This study is concerned with the construction of Zimbabwean women’s identities in this contemporary internet age. Two Facebook groups are of particular interest here due to the vibrant conversations that take place on a daily basis, that is, Makhox Women’s League and Baking & Cooking: ZW Women’s Diaries. Conceiving these internet sites as discursive spaces, I unpack the contesting discourses and tensions in the different narratives offered by Zimbabwean women and identify and critique the competing sets of feminine subjectivities. I achieve this by drawing on poststructuralist and postcolonialist feminist theories in order to situate these groups as cultural sites that are particularly identity defining. I particularly draw on Foucauldian theories of discourse, power and the subject to conceptualise the formation of particular discursive gendered subjectivities. With an understanding that discourse is constitutive of power relations and contestations, and that discourse should be historically contextualised in order to take into account particular conditions of existence; I draw on Mamdani’s (1996) conceptualisation of how power is organised in Africa within a historical and institutional context, and identify the bifurcated nature of the postcolonial Zimbabwean state as a colonial residue as necessitating a particular kind of subjectivity. To this end, one can understand the different femininities on Makhox Women’s League and Baking & Cooking: ZW Women’s Diaries as constituted within, and complexly negotiating, a traditional/customary discourse and a rights-based modern one. This qualitative inquiry is informed by an eclectic approach that combines methods of textual analysis that complements both critical linguistics and media studies and attends to lexical structure as well as narrative and rhetorical analysis respectively. Combined with an online ethnographic approach I employ these tools to analyse these particular Facebook groups with the understanding that as women converse daily on these platforms, they ‘govern’ each other’s conduct and thought processes in interesting ways. I argue that these conversations discursively constitute the performances of different femininities on both sites that also take into account the diasporic condition of Zimbabwean women. I show how they negotiate and mediate feminine performance and in so doing propose and contest certain ‘truths’ that are frequently validated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Zimbabwe's Land Reform: myths and realities
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144710 , vital:38372 , DOI: 10.1080/02589001.2011.581502
- Description: Zimbabwe’s land reform is the first book on contemporary Zimbabwe that offers an empirically-rich and detailed account of redistributed farms that arose from ‘fasttrack’ land reform 10 years ago. In order to fully appreciate the significance of this book, it is necessary to outline briefly recent intellectual debates on Zimbabwe. Two main positions exist on Zimbabwean politics and society. The first position argues that the radical restructuring of agrarian relations (including undermining white agricultural capital and breaking up large commercial farms into smaller units) is a progressive tendency that has opened up opportunities for black small-scale farmers. Simultaneously, this position often underplays the existence of state restructuring of an authoritarian kind. The second position argues that land redistribution has dramatically undercut agricultural production thereby severely compromising food security for all Zimbabweans. It brings to the fore violent state action in instigating land occupations and in thwarting political opposition to ‘fast-track’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144710 , vital:38372 , DOI: 10.1080/02589001.2011.581502
- Description: Zimbabwe’s land reform is the first book on contemporary Zimbabwe that offers an empirically-rich and detailed account of redistributed farms that arose from ‘fasttrack’ land reform 10 years ago. In order to fully appreciate the significance of this book, it is necessary to outline briefly recent intellectual debates on Zimbabwe. Two main positions exist on Zimbabwean politics and society. The first position argues that the radical restructuring of agrarian relations (including undermining white agricultural capital and breaking up large commercial farms into smaller units) is a progressive tendency that has opened up opportunities for black small-scale farmers. Simultaneously, this position often underplays the existence of state restructuring of an authoritarian kind. The second position argues that land redistribution has dramatically undercut agricultural production thereby severely compromising food security for all Zimbabweans. It brings to the fore violent state action in instigating land occupations and in thwarting political opposition to ‘fast-track’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Zimbabwe's 2018 elections: funding, public resources and vote buying
- Authors: Ndakaripa, Musiwaro
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148988 , vital:38793 , DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1735327
- Description: Using the concept of ‘competitive authoritarianism’, this briefing examines how the governing Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) retained power in the July 2018 presidential, parliamentary and local government elections. It advances that, having come to power through military assistance in November 2017, the new ZANU–PF government instituted cosmetic political reforms to gain domestic and international legitimacy while maintaining financial networks and tentacles on public institutions. This briefing posits that, with a huge funding base, abuse of public resources and massive vote buying, materially, Zimbabwe's 2018 elections were heavily slanted in favour of ZANU–PF.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ndakaripa, Musiwaro
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148988 , vital:38793 , DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1735327
- Description: Using the concept of ‘competitive authoritarianism’, this briefing examines how the governing Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) retained power in the July 2018 presidential, parliamentary and local government elections. It advances that, having come to power through military assistance in November 2017, the new ZANU–PF government instituted cosmetic political reforms to gain domestic and international legitimacy while maintaining financial networks and tentacles on public institutions. This briefing posits that, with a huge funding base, abuse of public resources and massive vote buying, materially, Zimbabwe's 2018 elections were heavily slanted in favour of ZANU–PF.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Zimbabwe takes back its land:
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144677 , vital:38369 , DOI: 10.1080/02589001.2014.984946
- Description: Zimbabwe Takes Back its Land offers a useful introduction to fast-track land reform in contemporary Zimbabwe for a broad popular audience unfamiliar with the existing literature on fast-track land reform. But its value as a contribution to a more specialised and nuanced body of knowledge about fast-track is considerably more problematic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144677 , vital:38369 , DOI: 10.1080/02589001.2014.984946
- Description: Zimbabwe Takes Back its Land offers a useful introduction to fast-track land reform in contemporary Zimbabwe for a broad popular audience unfamiliar with the existing literature on fast-track land reform. But its value as a contribution to a more specialised and nuanced body of knowledge about fast-track is considerably more problematic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Zimbabwe mobilizes: ICAC's shift from Coup de Grăce to Cultural Coup
- Simbao, Ruth K, Chikukwa, Raphael, Ogonga. Jimmy, Bickle, Berry, Pereira, Marie H, Altass, Dulcie A, Chikowero, Mhoze, Fall, N'Goné
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K , Chikukwa, Raphael , Ogonga. Jimmy , Bickle, Berry , Pereira, Marie H , Altass, Dulcie A , Chikowero, Mhoze , Fall, N'Goné
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145665 , vital:38456 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1162/afar_a_00399
- Description: The International Conference on African Cultures (ICAC) was held at the National Gallery of Zimbabwe in Harare from September 11–13, 2017. Eight delegates write their reflections on the importance of this Africa-based event.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K , Chikukwa, Raphael , Ogonga. Jimmy , Bickle, Berry , Pereira, Marie H , Altass, Dulcie A , Chikowero, Mhoze , Fall, N'Goné
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145665 , vital:38456 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1162/afar_a_00399
- Description: The International Conference on African Cultures (ICAC) was held at the National Gallery of Zimbabwe in Harare from September 11–13, 2017. Eight delegates write their reflections on the importance of this Africa-based event.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Zambia African Media Development Initiative (AMDI) research report
- Authors: Banda, Fackson
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Report
- Identifier: vital:533 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008546
- Description: This report is one of 18 produced as part of the African Media Development Initiative Research Project, completed in 2006. Firstly, the study outlines the major media development initiatives that have taken place in the Zambian media and communication landscape since 2000. Secondly, it analyses how key actors view these initiatives, in the light of wider media development programmes unfolding on the African continent. Thirdly, it gives a case study of one particularly insightful media development activity in the country. On the whole, the study concludes that the radio sector has grown since 2000. Television has received little investment because the state has more control over this sector. The past five years have seen a growth in better-coordinated media development initiatives. The content of the media has itself become diversified, but there is still a prepoderance of urban-based, elite voices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Banda, Fackson
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Report
- Identifier: vital:533 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008546
- Description: This report is one of 18 produced as part of the African Media Development Initiative Research Project, completed in 2006. Firstly, the study outlines the major media development initiatives that have taken place in the Zambian media and communication landscape since 2000. Secondly, it analyses how key actors view these initiatives, in the light of wider media development programmes unfolding on the African continent. Thirdly, it gives a case study of one particularly insightful media development activity in the country. On the whole, the study concludes that the radio sector has grown since 2000. Television has received little investment because the state has more control over this sector. The past five years have seen a growth in better-coordinated media development initiatives. The content of the media has itself become diversified, but there is still a prepoderance of urban-based, elite voices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Youth, political violence and ZANU-PF politics in Zimbabwe, c.1950-2018
- Authors: Munyarari, Tinashe
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Youth protest movements Zimbabwe , Political violence Zimbabwe , ZANU-PF (Organization : Zimbabwe) , Agent (Philosophy) , Zimbabwe Politics and government , Zimbabwe History
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/365966 , vital:65806 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/365966
- Description: This study is a socio-political aspect of Zimbabwean history. It examines the development of youth political violence starting from the late 1950s when violent forms of African political mobilisation emerged to 2018 when the first election without Robert Mugabe was held. It explores how early nationalist parties such as the Salisbury City Youth League (SCYL), Southern Rhodesia African National Congress (SRANC), National Democratic Party (NDP), Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) and later the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) mobilised and socialised youths into political violence to understand the roots of the violent political culture in Zimbabwe. This study shows that youths were an important part of the strategies of these political parties in countering the violence of the colonial state as well as mobilising mass support for the movements during the liberation struggle. It reveals that war collaborators (mujibhas and chimbwidos) were central role players in instigating political violence against innocent and defenceless people during the war. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Youth brigades and the ZANU-PF Youth League became a key constituent for state-socialist developmental goals but they were at times manipulated as a resource for political violence when Mugabe’s power was challenged. The study shows that more grotesque violence occurred in the 2000s era when the National Youth Service (NYS) was introduced and state-sanctioned vigilante groups like Chipangano in Mbare emerged in response to the rise of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) and diminishing of consensual power. This study argues that youth were not mere victims and perpetrators of political violence, but they were a collection of various interest sub-groups with diverse agendas and a sense of agency. Some joined violent groups for their social mobility, power, impunity and economic opportunities availed to the group members. Data for this study was drawn from Mbare and Highfields (in Harare Province) and Uzumba-Maramba-Pfungwe (in Mashonaland East Province). , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Munyarari, Tinashe
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Youth protest movements Zimbabwe , Political violence Zimbabwe , ZANU-PF (Organization : Zimbabwe) , Agent (Philosophy) , Zimbabwe Politics and government , Zimbabwe History
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/365966 , vital:65806 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/365966
- Description: This study is a socio-political aspect of Zimbabwean history. It examines the development of youth political violence starting from the late 1950s when violent forms of African political mobilisation emerged to 2018 when the first election without Robert Mugabe was held. It explores how early nationalist parties such as the Salisbury City Youth League (SCYL), Southern Rhodesia African National Congress (SRANC), National Democratic Party (NDP), Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) and later the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) mobilised and socialised youths into political violence to understand the roots of the violent political culture in Zimbabwe. This study shows that youths were an important part of the strategies of these political parties in countering the violence of the colonial state as well as mobilising mass support for the movements during the liberation struggle. It reveals that war collaborators (mujibhas and chimbwidos) were central role players in instigating political violence against innocent and defenceless people during the war. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Youth brigades and the ZANU-PF Youth League became a key constituent for state-socialist developmental goals but they were at times manipulated as a resource for political violence when Mugabe’s power was challenged. The study shows that more grotesque violence occurred in the 2000s era when the National Youth Service (NYS) was introduced and state-sanctioned vigilante groups like Chipangano in Mbare emerged in response to the rise of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) and diminishing of consensual power. This study argues that youth were not mere victims and perpetrators of political violence, but they were a collection of various interest sub-groups with diverse agendas and a sense of agency. Some joined violent groups for their social mobility, power, impunity and economic opportunities availed to the group members. Data for this study was drawn from Mbare and Highfields (in Harare Province) and Uzumba-Maramba-Pfungwe (in Mashonaland East Province). , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
Youth sub-cultures: the case of izikhothane amongst youth in Port Elizabeth townships
- Authors: Laqwela, Bayanda B
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54694 , vital:47442
- Description: The studies on youth subcultures have always attracted scholars and media, both locally and internationally. Specifically, in South Africa, we have witnessed subcultural youth formations, such as amapantsula1 , umswenko2 , the smarteez, zef, emmos and so forth. In the past few years, we saw the rise of a certain subcultural youth formation, popularly known as izikhothane3 , in South African townships. Owing to an escalation in izikhothane, this study was undertaken among the youth in Port Elizabeth townships. The study sought to explore and describe the significance of izikhothane membership and the rituals that are performed during their meetings. The qualitative approach was used for the study and semi-structured interviews, focus groups and observations were employed as data collection tools. The study used the explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The population for the study was the youth who are involved in the youth subculture of izikhothane in Port Elizabeth townships. The themes, which answered the questions, were identified as follows: the definition of isikhothane according to izikhothane, pulling or attraction factors, izikhothane rituals, the significance of isikhothane membership, the stopping age and the perceptions of community members about izikhothane. One of the main findings of this study is the age at which the youth join izikhothane. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Laqwela, Bayanda B
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54694 , vital:47442
- Description: The studies on youth subcultures have always attracted scholars and media, both locally and internationally. Specifically, in South Africa, we have witnessed subcultural youth formations, such as amapantsula1 , umswenko2 , the smarteez, zef, emmos and so forth. In the past few years, we saw the rise of a certain subcultural youth formation, popularly known as izikhothane3 , in South African townships. Owing to an escalation in izikhothane, this study was undertaken among the youth in Port Elizabeth townships. The study sought to explore and describe the significance of izikhothane membership and the rituals that are performed during their meetings. The qualitative approach was used for the study and semi-structured interviews, focus groups and observations were employed as data collection tools. The study used the explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The population for the study was the youth who are involved in the youth subculture of izikhothane in Port Elizabeth townships. The themes, which answered the questions, were identified as follows: the definition of isikhothane according to izikhothane, pulling or attraction factors, izikhothane rituals, the significance of isikhothane membership, the stopping age and the perceptions of community members about izikhothane. One of the main findings of this study is the age at which the youth join izikhothane. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Youth responses to political party messages on Social Media: a case study of Rhodes University students during the 3 August 2016 local government elections
- Authors: Pela, Noko Tshegofatso
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- Students -- Attitudes , Local elections -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Mass media and young adults -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Social media -- Political aspects -- South Africa -- Makhanda
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68308 , vital:29237
- Description: Rhodes University was awash with political tension and activity in the 2015 and 2016 academic years. The University had been the scene of radical protests and demands for change by students. The #RhodesMustFall, #FeesMustFall and the #RUReferenceList protests at Rhodes University started debates, conversations and public lectures amongst students and staff on and off social media on aspects of decoloniality, transformation, free education, issues of safety on campus and gender-based violence (Grocott’s Mail, 2015b). However, very little of this was reflected in the election campaigns of political parties and seemingly, in student engagement with political processes, at least as reflected in this election. The three biggest political parties in South Africa, and the only ones that contested Ward 12 (Rhodes) ANC, EFF, and the DA, were active on social media aiming to directly engage with constituents and draw citizens to the polls. All the parties had former and current Rhodes University students as candidates for councillor. There was a substantial engagement by students on social media, on the Rhodes SRC Facebook page, and on Twitter. However, only 39% of registered students, turned out to cast their vote on election day (IEC, 2016b). This study examines the interpretations and meaning-making amongst young people at Rhodes University, of the political party messages during the 3 August 2016 local government elections on social media. In addition, the study sought to understand whether youth at Rhodes (Rhodes University) actively sought out political party messages on social media (by following the ANC, DA, EFF Facebook and Twitter accounts), or were the messages incidental on their timelines (for example, following news organisations). Finally, the study sought to understand whether the media messages resonated with them and spoke to the issues faced by young people on the campus. The research used qualitative thematic content analysis and focus group discussions to examine the relationship between the content provided by the political party messages and the audience’s process of making sense and derived meaning from the content. Six focus group discussions were convened. This study found that young people are social media enthusiasts, they actively sought election related content on social media by following the Twitter and Facebook accounts of the parties, and from news organisations. Furthermore, the study discovered that, although, young people engaged with the political party messages on social media, they did not feel like the messages were targeted at them, and as such they felt the messages did not speak to them and the issues they face.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Pela, Noko Tshegofatso
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- Students -- Attitudes , Local elections -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Mass media and young adults -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Social media -- Political aspects -- South Africa -- Makhanda
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68308 , vital:29237
- Description: Rhodes University was awash with political tension and activity in the 2015 and 2016 academic years. The University had been the scene of radical protests and demands for change by students. The #RhodesMustFall, #FeesMustFall and the #RUReferenceList protests at Rhodes University started debates, conversations and public lectures amongst students and staff on and off social media on aspects of decoloniality, transformation, free education, issues of safety on campus and gender-based violence (Grocott’s Mail, 2015b). However, very little of this was reflected in the election campaigns of political parties and seemingly, in student engagement with political processes, at least as reflected in this election. The three biggest political parties in South Africa, and the only ones that contested Ward 12 (Rhodes) ANC, EFF, and the DA, were active on social media aiming to directly engage with constituents and draw citizens to the polls. All the parties had former and current Rhodes University students as candidates for councillor. There was a substantial engagement by students on social media, on the Rhodes SRC Facebook page, and on Twitter. However, only 39% of registered students, turned out to cast their vote on election day (IEC, 2016b). This study examines the interpretations and meaning-making amongst young people at Rhodes University, of the political party messages during the 3 August 2016 local government elections on social media. In addition, the study sought to understand whether youth at Rhodes (Rhodes University) actively sought out political party messages on social media (by following the ANC, DA, EFF Facebook and Twitter accounts), or were the messages incidental on their timelines (for example, following news organisations). Finally, the study sought to understand whether the media messages resonated with them and spoke to the issues faced by young people on the campus. The research used qualitative thematic content analysis and focus group discussions to examine the relationship between the content provided by the political party messages and the audience’s process of making sense and derived meaning from the content. Six focus group discussions were convened. This study found that young people are social media enthusiasts, they actively sought election related content on social media by following the Twitter and Facebook accounts of the parties, and from news organisations. Furthermore, the study discovered that, although, young people engaged with the political party messages on social media, they did not feel like the messages were targeted at them, and as such they felt the messages did not speak to them and the issues they face.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Youth in rural Transkei: the demise of "traditional" youth associations and the development of new forms of association and activity, 1975-1993
- McAllister, Patrick A, Dumisani, Deliwe
- Authors: McAllister, Patrick A , Dumisani, Deliwe
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Rural poor -- South Africa -- Transkei Rural youth -- South Africa -- Transkei Youth -- South Africa -- Transkei -- Societies, etc Youth -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Transkei Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2068 , vital:20252 , ISBN 0868102687
- Description: In the rural Xhosa-speaking parts of South Africa there is a strong tradition of youth associations or youth organisations. With a few notable exceptions, these have been neglected in the sociological and historical literature. Our understanding of rural areas, their relationship with other parts of the country, and of rural change, have suffered in consequence. The youth are at the forefront of the urban/rural interface, and at the forefront of rural change. In his analysis of the indlavini youth organisation that existed in Pondoland in the 1950s, Beinart (1991) illustrates how a study of this element of society is important for an understanding of issues such as the nature of migrant labour and worker consciousness, as well as for social change in rural areas, the politics of generation and gender, and rural protest. Our aim in this study has been to document the decline of the 'traditional' youth associations in the Shixini administrative area of Willowvale district, Transkei. By 'traditional' we mean the youth organisations as they existed in the 1960s and early 1970s, though there is evidence to suggest that there had been considerable continuity in this respect from much earlier - at least from the 1930s and 1940s (Mayer and Mayer 1972). We suggest reasons for this decline, as well as some of the consequences, and examine some of the new, alternative youth activities which have replaced the older ones. This allows us to make some comment about the changing role of youth in rural areas like Shixini, and to suggest some of the policy implications of this. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: McAllister, Patrick A , Dumisani, Deliwe
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Rural poor -- South Africa -- Transkei Rural youth -- South Africa -- Transkei Youth -- South Africa -- Transkei -- Societies, etc Youth -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Transkei Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2068 , vital:20252 , ISBN 0868102687
- Description: In the rural Xhosa-speaking parts of South Africa there is a strong tradition of youth associations or youth organisations. With a few notable exceptions, these have been neglected in the sociological and historical literature. Our understanding of rural areas, their relationship with other parts of the country, and of rural change, have suffered in consequence. The youth are at the forefront of the urban/rural interface, and at the forefront of rural change. In his analysis of the indlavini youth organisation that existed in Pondoland in the 1950s, Beinart (1991) illustrates how a study of this element of society is important for an understanding of issues such as the nature of migrant labour and worker consciousness, as well as for social change in rural areas, the politics of generation and gender, and rural protest. Our aim in this study has been to document the decline of the 'traditional' youth associations in the Shixini administrative area of Willowvale district, Transkei. By 'traditional' we mean the youth organisations as they existed in the 1960s and early 1970s, though there is evidence to suggest that there had been considerable continuity in this respect from much earlier - at least from the 1930s and 1940s (Mayer and Mayer 1972). We suggest reasons for this decline, as well as some of the consequences, and examine some of the new, alternative youth activities which have replaced the older ones. This allows us to make some comment about the changing role of youth in rural areas like Shixini, and to suggest some of the policy implications of this. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Youth entrepreneurship and poverty alleviation in Kentane
- Authors: Potwana, Viwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Young adults -- Employment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19850 , vital:28985
- Description: The goal of this research was to explore the experiences of the youth in Kentane with respect to the role that a entrepreneurship plays in alleviation poverty, with the intention to enhance recommendations to the local municipality, the private sector and governmental departments. The study focused on entrepreneurship as one of the strategies that is deemed capable of reducing poverty and increasing economic growth. A qualitative research approach was used to explore the experiences of the entrepreneurial youth, where permission was attained from the youth prior to the commencement of the study. Purposive sampling was utilised to recruit participants and data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data analysis was carried out using steps outlined in Creswell (2003). Five main themes were identified during data analysis where the main finding was that there was a lack of knowledge and resources to broaden the scope of youth based businesses in the area. Another major finding from this study was the introduction and imposition of haphazard short-term projects aimed at alleviating poverty that often failed as they did not address the needs specific to the community. Youth of Kentane are dedicated as entrepreneurs; however, they need the collaboration of interested parties and stakeholders to realise their respective potentials. Developmental and training programmes are crucial to assist the entrepreneurial youth of Kentane.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Potwana, Viwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Young adults -- Employment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19850 , vital:28985
- Description: The goal of this research was to explore the experiences of the youth in Kentane with respect to the role that a entrepreneurship plays in alleviation poverty, with the intention to enhance recommendations to the local municipality, the private sector and governmental departments. The study focused on entrepreneurship as one of the strategies that is deemed capable of reducing poverty and increasing economic growth. A qualitative research approach was used to explore the experiences of the entrepreneurial youth, where permission was attained from the youth prior to the commencement of the study. Purposive sampling was utilised to recruit participants and data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data analysis was carried out using steps outlined in Creswell (2003). Five main themes were identified during data analysis where the main finding was that there was a lack of knowledge and resources to broaden the scope of youth based businesses in the area. Another major finding from this study was the introduction and imposition of haphazard short-term projects aimed at alleviating poverty that often failed as they did not address the needs specific to the community. Youth of Kentane are dedicated as entrepreneurs; however, they need the collaboration of interested parties and stakeholders to realise their respective potentials. Developmental and training programmes are crucial to assist the entrepreneurial youth of Kentane.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Youth development: a case study of vision4 mentorship programme for teenage girls in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Gqabe, Ongeziwe Sharon
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54343 , vital:46477
- Description: Investment in youth development for a country like South Africa, where social issues such as unemployment, lack of quality education, high levels of school dropouts, difficulty in accessing post-secondary education and training are of high prevalence is crucial. There are different strategies that key players in youth development such as the government, private sector and NGOs can implement in advancing the youth. This study sought to examine one of these strategies which is mentorship. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to scrutinize the essential role that a mentorship program can play in progressing youth development. The objectives of this study are as follows: to investigate the key challenges facing the teenage girls that participated on the Vision4 Mentorship Program; to investigate the effectiveness of the strategy of using mentorship programs as a tool in achieving youth development in Motherwell, Port Elizabeth and to come up with the recommendations with the view of addressing some of the problems faced by the youth in Motherwell, Port Elizabeth. The research methodology used in this study include among others, individual interviews of participants that has been previously gone through the Vision4 Mentorship Program. Furthermore, relevant scholarly published work has been consulted to supplement the interviews. Mentorship has been used as a conceptual framework to understand the impact of mentoring to the young girls at Vision4 Mentorship Program. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Gqabe, Ongeziwe Sharon
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54343 , vital:46477
- Description: Investment in youth development for a country like South Africa, where social issues such as unemployment, lack of quality education, high levels of school dropouts, difficulty in accessing post-secondary education and training are of high prevalence is crucial. There are different strategies that key players in youth development such as the government, private sector and NGOs can implement in advancing the youth. This study sought to examine one of these strategies which is mentorship. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to scrutinize the essential role that a mentorship program can play in progressing youth development. The objectives of this study are as follows: to investigate the key challenges facing the teenage girls that participated on the Vision4 Mentorship Program; to investigate the effectiveness of the strategy of using mentorship programs as a tool in achieving youth development in Motherwell, Port Elizabeth and to come up with the recommendations with the view of addressing some of the problems faced by the youth in Motherwell, Port Elizabeth. The research methodology used in this study include among others, individual interviews of participants that has been previously gone through the Vision4 Mentorship Program. Furthermore, relevant scholarly published work has been consulted to supplement the interviews. Mentorship has been used as a conceptual framework to understand the impact of mentoring to the young girls at Vision4 Mentorship Program. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Youth development through basketball in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Thuo, Andrew G
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Youth development -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Youth -- Services for Sports and state Basketball -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43776 , vital:37046
- Description: Limited research exists, both internationally and in the South African context, on the use of basketball as tool for youth development through sport. In almost all sport-based youth development programs, the desired sport is football and occasionally rugby. Developing the youth is crucial for the development of a nation and the United Nations has highlighted the progress sport has had as a development tool over the past 20 years. South Africa has recently received international acclaim by becoming the focal point of the National Basketball Associations (NBA) presence in Africa by hosting the last three NBA Africa games. South Africa’s Eastern Cape province was the home of elite basketball in the early eighties and is no stranger to the sport of basketball. The study aimed to explore the possibility of using basketball as a tool for youth development in Nelson Mandela Bay in the Eastern Cape. The study employed a mixed methods research approach that was explorative, descriptive and contextual in design. The empirical data was collected by means of a questionnaire distributed to target basketball players in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. While the data analysis and literature favoured basketball as a suitable tool to be used in sport-based youth development programs, there were limitations with respect to the number of female participants in the study. It was recommended that further research be considered within this field of study and on a wider scale, in an effort to expand the knowledge base on youth development through basketball across South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Thuo, Andrew G
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Youth development -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Youth -- Services for Sports and state Basketball -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43776 , vital:37046
- Description: Limited research exists, both internationally and in the South African context, on the use of basketball as tool for youth development through sport. In almost all sport-based youth development programs, the desired sport is football and occasionally rugby. Developing the youth is crucial for the development of a nation and the United Nations has highlighted the progress sport has had as a development tool over the past 20 years. South Africa has recently received international acclaim by becoming the focal point of the National Basketball Associations (NBA) presence in Africa by hosting the last three NBA Africa games. South Africa’s Eastern Cape province was the home of elite basketball in the early eighties and is no stranger to the sport of basketball. The study aimed to explore the possibility of using basketball as a tool for youth development in Nelson Mandela Bay in the Eastern Cape. The study employed a mixed methods research approach that was explorative, descriptive and contextual in design. The empirical data was collected by means of a questionnaire distributed to target basketball players in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. While the data analysis and literature favoured basketball as a suitable tool to be used in sport-based youth development programs, there were limitations with respect to the number of female participants in the study. It was recommended that further research be considered within this field of study and on a wider scale, in an effort to expand the knowledge base on youth development through basketball across South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Youth development in Grahamstown: a social map: a guide to organisations catering for youth development
- Authors: Van Hees, Charlotte
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Arts -- Study and teaching Associations, institutions, etc. -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Directories Community development -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Community education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Culture -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Mass media -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Public health -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Public welfare -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Schools -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Sports -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Unemployment -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Youth -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Youth -- South Africa Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Directories Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2420 , vital:20288 , ISBN 0868103640
- Description: Grahamstown is a town in the Eastern Cape with a population of approximately 110 000 of which the vast majority live in the former black township, known as Grahamstown East. Unemployment, poor housing, a high crime rate and a lack of primary facilities like toilets, electricity and water are daily facts for a large number of the inhabitants of Grahamstown East. Every day government departments, non-government organisations (NGOs) and volunteers work to improve the lives of the people. Youth merit special attention, after all “youth make the future”. The spectrum of organisations catering for youth development is broad: from local schools providing basic education to organisations like the Grahamstown Foundation trying to involve youth in national art projects. They all have one thing in common. They are all aiming to give youth a grip on their lives, to give them a future by empowering them. But what do we actually know about the youth? Where do they come from? What are their expectations and aspirations in life? What kind of leisure activities do they have? What kind of organisations do they use to get ahead in life? And what do we actually know about these organisations? How do they form their policy and activities? Which role does the government play and which role is left for the non-governmental organisations? In what ways do they work together? How do youth participate in the policy making of these organisations? The Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) of Rhodes University is working together with the Centre for Policy and Management of the University of Utrecht (The Netherlands) to find answers to these questions. A sample survey was conducted in May 1999 to compile baseline information on youth from Grahamstown East in terms of social characteristics, motivations for personal and collective development, and expectations for the future. From January until July 1999 the project team has visited organisations in Grahamstown focusing on (youth) development to identify existing youth programmes and to see how these programmes are incorporated in the town’s context. This social map is a product of this research. The research defines youth as young people living in Grahamstown East in the age category of 14 to 25 years old. This social map however also includes organisations catering for younger children, by displaying the pre-schools and organisations like Child and Family Welfare Society that focus on children up to the age of 13. The National Youth Commission defines youth development in “Youth Policy 2000” (1997) as a process whereby young men and women are able to improve their skills, talents and abilities to extend their intellectual, physical and emotional capabilities to express themselves and to live full lives. This definition is used in this research. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Van Hees, Charlotte
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Arts -- Study and teaching Associations, institutions, etc. -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- Directories Community development -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Community education -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Culture -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Mass media -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Public health -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Public welfare -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Schools -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Sports -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Unemployment -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Youth -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Youth -- South Africa Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Directories Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2420 , vital:20288 , ISBN 0868103640
- Description: Grahamstown is a town in the Eastern Cape with a population of approximately 110 000 of which the vast majority live in the former black township, known as Grahamstown East. Unemployment, poor housing, a high crime rate and a lack of primary facilities like toilets, electricity and water are daily facts for a large number of the inhabitants of Grahamstown East. Every day government departments, non-government organisations (NGOs) and volunteers work to improve the lives of the people. Youth merit special attention, after all “youth make the future”. The spectrum of organisations catering for youth development is broad: from local schools providing basic education to organisations like the Grahamstown Foundation trying to involve youth in national art projects. They all have one thing in common. They are all aiming to give youth a grip on their lives, to give them a future by empowering them. But what do we actually know about the youth? Where do they come from? What are their expectations and aspirations in life? What kind of leisure activities do they have? What kind of organisations do they use to get ahead in life? And what do we actually know about these organisations? How do they form their policy and activities? Which role does the government play and which role is left for the non-governmental organisations? In what ways do they work together? How do youth participate in the policy making of these organisations? The Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) of Rhodes University is working together with the Centre for Policy and Management of the University of Utrecht (The Netherlands) to find answers to these questions. A sample survey was conducted in May 1999 to compile baseline information on youth from Grahamstown East in terms of social characteristics, motivations for personal and collective development, and expectations for the future. From January until July 1999 the project team has visited organisations in Grahamstown focusing on (youth) development to identify existing youth programmes and to see how these programmes are incorporated in the town’s context. This social map is a product of this research. The research defines youth as young people living in Grahamstown East in the age category of 14 to 25 years old. This social map however also includes organisations catering for younger children, by displaying the pre-schools and organisations like Child and Family Welfare Society that focus on children up to the age of 13. The National Youth Commission defines youth development in “Youth Policy 2000” (1997) as a process whereby young men and women are able to improve their skills, talents and abilities to extend their intellectual, physical and emotional capabilities to express themselves and to live full lives. This definition is used in this research. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Youth crime and the rehabilitation of youth caught up in criminal activities: the case of Alice town and surrounding areas
- Authors: Mdoyi, Ziyatandwa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Crime -- Sociological aspects Juvenile delinquency
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc (Sociology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18186 , vital:42240
- Description: iv ABSTRACT The nucleus of this study is youth crime and the rehabilitation of the youth caught up in criminal activities. Conducted in Alice in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, this study scrutinized youth crime prevention techniques utilized in Alice and surrounding areas, and it established their efficacy. The study investigated the elements of rehabilitation available for young offenders in this area. With the social control theory, the structural strain theory and the risk-needs-responsivity guiding this study, the findings revealed that loss of control by conventional institutions, strains that individuals experience and inadequate rehabilitation are determinants of youth crime in and around Alice. With lack of resources as well as inconsistent and inadequate application of these programs, efficacy in minimizing and preventing youth crime proves to be low. At some point in the past, communities had effective diversion programs for the youth but these were no longer practiced. Findings revealed that the root causes of youth crime in this area include poor economic background, youth unemployment, broken families, peer pressure and substance abuse among other causes. Prevention programs do not correspond to the actual causes of crime, and, as such, youth crime prevention programs will not achieve efficacy until they address root causes. On the other hand, rehabilitation is of great importance to achieving minimal youth crime rates. The findings revealed that imprisonment is the only source of rehabilitation for young offenders in Alice, and that it yields positive results, albeit for a short period. This is due to neglect of the causes of crime and utilizing general prevention and rehabilitation. The environment into which the young offenders are placed after v socioeconomic status, unemployment, peer pressure and drug abuse. These result in strains that drive young people to committing crime; consequently, engagement in youth crime leads to loss of social control and it becomes an on-going cycle. The risk-needs-responsivity model emphasizes constructing rehabilitative treatment based on the risk the individual poses to society, including the likelihood to reoffend, the offender‟s needs that might lead the individual to deviant ways of achieving them, and the environment into which the individual is exposed. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach. To obtain qualitative data, the researcher made use of 5 focus group discussions each comprising at least 6 members of the community, in-depth interviews with 15 young offenders who had experience with the justice system, and an in-depth interview with the chief community policing officer of the Alice town police department. For the attainment of quantitative data, questionnaires were administered to 100 community members with 61 usable questionnaires upon retrieval. Qualitative data was analysed using the thematic analysis technique while the quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. In view of the theoretical framework, weak social bonds and ties to family, school and society at large play a role in the engagement of youth in criminal activities. This spawns a loss of control to some extent and, due to this, individuals will experience strain as they have abandoned genuine ways of attaining needs and achieving goals, in this case adopting new illegitimate ways of meeting their needs. This calls for rehabilitation that is tailored specifically for the offender: treatment that addresses the risk the offender poses to society; needs of the offender that may lead to reoffending; the social context and the role it is anticipated to play once the offender gets out of rehabilitation. The key is who to target, what to target and how to target it. vi The study concludes that in order to make crime prevention techniques effective, the first step is addressing the root causes of youth crime given that general techniques have been used and indicate no efficacy due to the neglecting of the social context when arriving at problem solving techniques. These become unbeneficial as they attempt to control crime without getting rid of the causes of crime. Rehabilitation should be directly proportional to offender risk and needs. Specific rehabilitation that is determined by offender risk and needs should be practiced for the achievement of long-term rehabilitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mdoyi, Ziyatandwa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Crime -- Sociological aspects Juvenile delinquency
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc (Sociology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18186 , vital:42240
- Description: iv ABSTRACT The nucleus of this study is youth crime and the rehabilitation of the youth caught up in criminal activities. Conducted in Alice in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, this study scrutinized youth crime prevention techniques utilized in Alice and surrounding areas, and it established their efficacy. The study investigated the elements of rehabilitation available for young offenders in this area. With the social control theory, the structural strain theory and the risk-needs-responsivity guiding this study, the findings revealed that loss of control by conventional institutions, strains that individuals experience and inadequate rehabilitation are determinants of youth crime in and around Alice. With lack of resources as well as inconsistent and inadequate application of these programs, efficacy in minimizing and preventing youth crime proves to be low. At some point in the past, communities had effective diversion programs for the youth but these were no longer practiced. Findings revealed that the root causes of youth crime in this area include poor economic background, youth unemployment, broken families, peer pressure and substance abuse among other causes. Prevention programs do not correspond to the actual causes of crime, and, as such, youth crime prevention programs will not achieve efficacy until they address root causes. On the other hand, rehabilitation is of great importance to achieving minimal youth crime rates. The findings revealed that imprisonment is the only source of rehabilitation for young offenders in Alice, and that it yields positive results, albeit for a short period. This is due to neglect of the causes of crime and utilizing general prevention and rehabilitation. The environment into which the young offenders are placed after v socioeconomic status, unemployment, peer pressure and drug abuse. These result in strains that drive young people to committing crime; consequently, engagement in youth crime leads to loss of social control and it becomes an on-going cycle. The risk-needs-responsivity model emphasizes constructing rehabilitative treatment based on the risk the individual poses to society, including the likelihood to reoffend, the offender‟s needs that might lead the individual to deviant ways of achieving them, and the environment into which the individual is exposed. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach. To obtain qualitative data, the researcher made use of 5 focus group discussions each comprising at least 6 members of the community, in-depth interviews with 15 young offenders who had experience with the justice system, and an in-depth interview with the chief community policing officer of the Alice town police department. For the attainment of quantitative data, questionnaires were administered to 100 community members with 61 usable questionnaires upon retrieval. Qualitative data was analysed using the thematic analysis technique while the quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. In view of the theoretical framework, weak social bonds and ties to family, school and society at large play a role in the engagement of youth in criminal activities. This spawns a loss of control to some extent and, due to this, individuals will experience strain as they have abandoned genuine ways of attaining needs and achieving goals, in this case adopting new illegitimate ways of meeting their needs. This calls for rehabilitation that is tailored specifically for the offender: treatment that addresses the risk the offender poses to society; needs of the offender that may lead to reoffending; the social context and the role it is anticipated to play once the offender gets out of rehabilitation. The key is who to target, what to target and how to target it. vi The study concludes that in order to make crime prevention techniques effective, the first step is addressing the root causes of youth crime given that general techniques have been used and indicate no efficacy due to the neglecting of the social context when arriving at problem solving techniques. These become unbeneficial as they attempt to control crime without getting rid of the causes of crime. Rehabilitation should be directly proportional to offender risk and needs. Specific rehabilitation that is determined by offender risk and needs should be practiced for the achievement of long-term rehabilitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Youth Attitudes and Participation in Climate Protest
- Prendergast, Kate, Hayward, Bronwyn, Aoyagi, Midori, Burningham, Kate, Hasan, Mehedi, Jackson, Tim, Jha, Vimlendu, Kuroki, Larissa, Lukianov, Anastasia, Mattar, Helio, Schudel, Ingrid J, Venn, Sue, Yoshida, Aya
- Authors: Prendergast, Kate , Hayward, Bronwyn , Aoyagi, Midori , Burningham, Kate , Hasan, Mehedi , Jackson, Tim , Jha, Vimlendu , Kuroki, Larissa , Lukianov, Anastasia , Mattar, Helio , Schudel, Ingrid J , Venn, Sue , Yoshida, Aya
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294471 , vital:57224 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.696105"
- Description: This article examines youth participation the school climate strikes of 2018 and 2019 (also known as #Fridays4Future), through an exploratory study conducted in seven diverse cities. Despite the international nature of the climate strikes, we know little about the factors that influenced youth participation in these protests beyond the global North. This matters because youth of the global South are disproportionately impacted by climate change and there is growing concern that the climate movement is dominated by narratives that marginalize the voices and priorities of Indigenous communities and people of color. In this context, the exploratory research reported here aimed to compare the attitudes of climate protesters (n = 314) and their non-protester peers (n = 1,217), in diverse city samples drawn from a wider study of children and youth aged 12–24 years, living in Christchurch (New Zealand); Dhaka (Bangladesh); Lambeth, London (United Kingdom); Makhanda (South Africa); New Delhi (India); São Paulo (Brazil); and Yokohama (Japan). Using cross-sectional data (N = 1,531) and binary logistic regression models, researchers examined three common explanations for youth participation in protest: availability (biographical and structural), political engagement (reported individual and collective efficacy of strikers and non-strikers), and self-reported biospheric values amongst participants. Results indicate that even in diverse city samples, structural availability (civic skills and organizational membership) predicted strike participation across city samples, but not political engagement (self-efficacy and collective efficacy). Youth who reported that ‘living in harmony with nature and animals’ was important for their wellbeing, were also more likely to strike than their peers. Descriptive statistics indicated that the majority (85 percent) of all protestors in this study agreed climate change was a serious issue and a startling 65 percent said that they think about climate change “all the time”. Reported rates of youth climate protest participation varied across city samples as did the extent to which participants reported having friends take part or expecting climate change to have a personal impact. While the study is exploratory, it points to the need for more extensive research to understand the diversity of youth participation in ‘global climate strikes’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Prendergast, Kate , Hayward, Bronwyn , Aoyagi, Midori , Burningham, Kate , Hasan, Mehedi , Jackson, Tim , Jha, Vimlendu , Kuroki, Larissa , Lukianov, Anastasia , Mattar, Helio , Schudel, Ingrid J , Venn, Sue , Yoshida, Aya
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294471 , vital:57224 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.696105"
- Description: This article examines youth participation the school climate strikes of 2018 and 2019 (also known as #Fridays4Future), through an exploratory study conducted in seven diverse cities. Despite the international nature of the climate strikes, we know little about the factors that influenced youth participation in these protests beyond the global North. This matters because youth of the global South are disproportionately impacted by climate change and there is growing concern that the climate movement is dominated by narratives that marginalize the voices and priorities of Indigenous communities and people of color. In this context, the exploratory research reported here aimed to compare the attitudes of climate protesters (n = 314) and their non-protester peers (n = 1,217), in diverse city samples drawn from a wider study of children and youth aged 12–24 years, living in Christchurch (New Zealand); Dhaka (Bangladesh); Lambeth, London (United Kingdom); Makhanda (South Africa); New Delhi (India); São Paulo (Brazil); and Yokohama (Japan). Using cross-sectional data (N = 1,531) and binary logistic regression models, researchers examined three common explanations for youth participation in protest: availability (biographical and structural), political engagement (reported individual and collective efficacy of strikers and non-strikers), and self-reported biospheric values amongst participants. Results indicate that even in diverse city samples, structural availability (civic skills and organizational membership) predicted strike participation across city samples, but not political engagement (self-efficacy and collective efficacy). Youth who reported that ‘living in harmony with nature and animals’ was important for their wellbeing, were also more likely to strike than their peers. Descriptive statistics indicated that the majority (85 percent) of all protestors in this study agreed climate change was a serious issue and a startling 65 percent said that they think about climate change “all the time”. Reported rates of youth climate protest participation varied across city samples as did the extent to which participants reported having friends take part or expecting climate change to have a personal impact. While the study is exploratory, it points to the need for more extensive research to understand the diversity of youth participation in ‘global climate strikes’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Youth and Gang Violence in South Africa: An Intended or Unintended Outcome of Institutional Systems
- Ndhlovu, Gretchen Nokukhanya
- Authors: Ndhlovu, Gretchen Nokukhanya
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Gangs Juvenile delinquency Youth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Social Work)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18041 , vital:42009
- Description: The issue of youth and gang violence in South Africa is not just an issue of crime, neither is it an issue of a violent and lost generation. It is about the struggle to have a normal life, a struggle for inclusion in mainstream society. Gang violence is, therefore, a result of the way in which essential institutional systems operate in the country, it is a social ill caused by weak and skewed institutional systems, which manifest in unequal access to resources and rights and the African youth of South Africa have been hardest hit. The focus of this study was to explore the intricate link between gang violence and institutional systems. The study specifically sought to examine how four specific institutional systems (the availability and management of resources, organisation of work and production, distribution of rights and responsibilities and processes of governance) have intentionally or unintentionally contributed to the escalation of gang violence in the country. The theoretical frameworks adopted are the social exclusion theory and the unanticipated consequences of purposive social action theory. The study was conducted in the African townships of Bophelong in Gauteng and Nyanga in the Western Cape. It adopted an exploratory qualitative approach for its ability to offer the researcher a platform to explore the experiences of both the youth and informants in detail. Data was collected through focus group discussions and faceto-face interviews. Tesch’s (1990) method of data analysis was used because of its explorative nature suitable for capturing qualitative data. Findings show that the issue of youth and gang violence in marginalised African communities is a social problem perpetuated by institutional systems. It was learned that institutional role players have neither developed nor sustained systems for the creation or management of resources used by marginalised township (ekasi) people vii for development, growth, empowerment and recreation. From the findings, it was learned that while other people in the country are going through various development challenges, young African township (ekasi) people are going through a crisis. Consequently, gangs have stepped in to serve as role players, filling the role that government and civil society is supposed to fill. Findings also show that youth are excluded from the socio-economic activities of the country and are pushed into the illicit economy. Overall, it was found that the socio-economic context, which the African youth in Bophelong and Nyanga found themselves in, is dire, further pushing them into a life of crime in order to meet their needs as well as those of their families. It was found that the structurally violent institutional systems have consequently given birth to a violent society. Therefore, youth gangs are an outcome of these violent institutional systems. The study concludes that the issue of youth and gang violence is both an intended and unintended outcome of institutional systems. It established that the quality of life of young people is affected by processes concerning the management of resources, organisation of work and production, distribution of rights and responsibilities as well as processes of governance. The study recommends that due to the multifaceted and complex nature of youth and gangs in African townships like Bophelong and Nyanga, priority should be placed on basic human needs and realities. This entails poverty eradication, creating employment/production opportunities, equal distribution of rights, good governance as well as effective and efficient management of resources that youth need and use for development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ndhlovu, Gretchen Nokukhanya
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Gangs Juvenile delinquency Youth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Social Work)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18041 , vital:42009
- Description: The issue of youth and gang violence in South Africa is not just an issue of crime, neither is it an issue of a violent and lost generation. It is about the struggle to have a normal life, a struggle for inclusion in mainstream society. Gang violence is, therefore, a result of the way in which essential institutional systems operate in the country, it is a social ill caused by weak and skewed institutional systems, which manifest in unequal access to resources and rights and the African youth of South Africa have been hardest hit. The focus of this study was to explore the intricate link between gang violence and institutional systems. The study specifically sought to examine how four specific institutional systems (the availability and management of resources, organisation of work and production, distribution of rights and responsibilities and processes of governance) have intentionally or unintentionally contributed to the escalation of gang violence in the country. The theoretical frameworks adopted are the social exclusion theory and the unanticipated consequences of purposive social action theory. The study was conducted in the African townships of Bophelong in Gauteng and Nyanga in the Western Cape. It adopted an exploratory qualitative approach for its ability to offer the researcher a platform to explore the experiences of both the youth and informants in detail. Data was collected through focus group discussions and faceto-face interviews. Tesch’s (1990) method of data analysis was used because of its explorative nature suitable for capturing qualitative data. Findings show that the issue of youth and gang violence in marginalised African communities is a social problem perpetuated by institutional systems. It was learned that institutional role players have neither developed nor sustained systems for the creation or management of resources used by marginalised township (ekasi) people vii for development, growth, empowerment and recreation. From the findings, it was learned that while other people in the country are going through various development challenges, young African township (ekasi) people are going through a crisis. Consequently, gangs have stepped in to serve as role players, filling the role that government and civil society is supposed to fill. Findings also show that youth are excluded from the socio-economic activities of the country and are pushed into the illicit economy. Overall, it was found that the socio-economic context, which the African youth in Bophelong and Nyanga found themselves in, is dire, further pushing them into a life of crime in order to meet their needs as well as those of their families. It was found that the structurally violent institutional systems have consequently given birth to a violent society. Therefore, youth gangs are an outcome of these violent institutional systems. The study concludes that the issue of youth and gang violence is both an intended and unintended outcome of institutional systems. It established that the quality of life of young people is affected by processes concerning the management of resources, organisation of work and production, distribution of rights and responsibilities as well as processes of governance. The study recommends that due to the multifaceted and complex nature of youth and gangs in African townships like Bophelong and Nyanga, priority should be placed on basic human needs and realities. This entails poverty eradication, creating employment/production opportunities, equal distribution of rights, good governance as well as effective and efficient management of resources that youth need and use for development.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Yours, mine and ours: intellectual property
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158784 , vital:40228 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146169
- Description: When Grocott's Mail in Grahamstown wanted to use the Hector Pieterson photograph for the front cover of a Youth Day supplement celebrating the courage of the Soweto students of 1976, they decided to go the official route by contacting the photographer's agent and paying for the picture. They were told a single use would cost them thousands of rands. Obviously an impossibility for a small-town, community newspaper.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158784 , vital:40228 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146169
- Description: When Grocott's Mail in Grahamstown wanted to use the Hector Pieterson photograph for the front cover of a Youth Day supplement celebrating the courage of the Soweto students of 1976, they decided to go the official route by contacting the photographer's agent and paying for the picture. They were told a single use would cost them thousands of rands. Obviously an impossibility for a small-town, community newspaper.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Nandipha
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60900 , vital:69017
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Young Workers Issue 14 - May Day Solidarity
- YCW
- Authors: YCW
- Subjects: YCW
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118589 , vital:34649
- Description: The 1st of May is known all over the world as the INTERNATIONAL LABOUR DAY. It is a day when workers pledge their struggle for better working and living conditions. It is a day of showing a link of workers struggle in different countries of the world. It is a symbol of taking forward their struggle against the CAPITALIST SYSTEM and to take control over their lives. In 1890 the Second International Workers Congress accepted MAY DAY as an INTERNATIONAL DAY OF SOLIDARITY FOR ALL THE WORKERS OF THE WORLD. Recently in South Africa, fight for May Day to be recognised as a paid public holiday is once more on the agenda of the worker movement. This demand comes at a time when workers have continued to build their trade unions. Thanks to the militant struggles of the early 70's which paved the way for the present strenght of the unions. Already many companies have signed agreements to recognise May Day as a paid holiday. Last year the 100 Annivesary of May Day was celebrated with militance and dignity. More than 1,5 million workers supported the call to attend the rallies which were held all over the country. The Labour Monitoring Group reported that it was the biggest stay-away in over 25 years. The biggest rally organised by COSATU at Orlando Stadium attend ed by close to 20 000 people. Last year support for MAY DAY symboli- shed that workers are beginning to decide what holidays they want and not the states idea of holidays. Its a symbol of hope for the working class that to build a society based on the principal of workers control, workers have to be incontrol of these actions.
- Full Text:
- Authors: YCW
- Subjects: YCW
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118589 , vital:34649
- Description: The 1st of May is known all over the world as the INTERNATIONAL LABOUR DAY. It is a day when workers pledge their struggle for better working and living conditions. It is a day of showing a link of workers struggle in different countries of the world. It is a symbol of taking forward their struggle against the CAPITALIST SYSTEM and to take control over their lives. In 1890 the Second International Workers Congress accepted MAY DAY as an INTERNATIONAL DAY OF SOLIDARITY FOR ALL THE WORKERS OF THE WORLD. Recently in South Africa, fight for May Day to be recognised as a paid public holiday is once more on the agenda of the worker movement. This demand comes at a time when workers have continued to build their trade unions. Thanks to the militant struggles of the early 70's which paved the way for the present strenght of the unions. Already many companies have signed agreements to recognise May Day as a paid holiday. Last year the 100 Annivesary of May Day was celebrated with militance and dignity. More than 1,5 million workers supported the call to attend the rallies which were held all over the country. The Labour Monitoring Group reported that it was the biggest stay-away in over 25 years. The biggest rally organised by COSATU at Orlando Stadium attend ed by close to 20 000 people. Last year support for MAY DAY symboli- shed that workers are beginning to decide what holidays they want and not the states idea of holidays. Its a symbol of hope for the working class that to build a society based on the principal of workers control, workers have to be incontrol of these actions.
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