Growth, reproduction and population structure of Diplotaxodon limnothrissa in the southeast arm of Lake Malawi
- Kanyerere, Geoffrey Z, Weyl, Olaf L F, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Kanyerere, Geoffrey Z , Weyl, Olaf L F , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124583 , vital:35633 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16085910509503832
- Description: With a surface area of ca 28 800km2, Lake Malawi (9°30’S–14°30’S) is the second largest of the African Rift Valley lakes, supporting at least 500, and possibly 2 000, fish species (Turner 1995). The ichthyofauna is dominated by haplochomine cichlids, most of which are confined to the demersal and littoral zones. As a result of over-fishing, the abundance of many of these species has declined (Turner 1994a, 1995, Bulirani et al. 1999, Allison et al. 2002). In contrast, the lake’s offshore fish stocks are considered to be unexploited or only lightly exploited (Thompson and Allison 1997, Turner et al. 2000) and the redirection of fishing effort to these stocks is a high priority (Thompson and Allison 1997, Turner et al. 2000, Allison et al. 2002). Consequently, the Malawi government is currently collaborating with the African Development Bank to develop the deepwater/ offshore fishery in order to increase yields by an estimated 11 000 tons (MC Banda, National Research co-ordinator, pers. comm.). The most abundant cichlid species in the pelagic zone is the small (<210mm TL) zooplanktivorous Diplotaxodon limnothrissa (Turner 1994, Thompson and Allison 1997). It has been recorded throughout the lake at depths ranging from 20 metres down to the anoxic zone at ca 220 metres (Turner 1994b, Thompson et al. 1996, Duponchelle et al. 2000a) and it makes up ca 52% to the total fish biomass (Thompson and Allison 1997). Diplotaxodon limnothrissa will therefore be a major target species in the pelagic fishery, and already comprises in excess of 50% of the mid-water trawl fishery in the southeast arm (SEA) of the lake (Turner 1996).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Kanyerere, Geoffrey Z , Weyl, Olaf L F , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124583 , vital:35633 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16085910509503832
- Description: With a surface area of ca 28 800km2, Lake Malawi (9°30’S–14°30’S) is the second largest of the African Rift Valley lakes, supporting at least 500, and possibly 2 000, fish species (Turner 1995). The ichthyofauna is dominated by haplochomine cichlids, most of which are confined to the demersal and littoral zones. As a result of over-fishing, the abundance of many of these species has declined (Turner 1994a, 1995, Bulirani et al. 1999, Allison et al. 2002). In contrast, the lake’s offshore fish stocks are considered to be unexploited or only lightly exploited (Thompson and Allison 1997, Turner et al. 2000) and the redirection of fishing effort to these stocks is a high priority (Thompson and Allison 1997, Turner et al. 2000, Allison et al. 2002). Consequently, the Malawi government is currently collaborating with the African Development Bank to develop the deepwater/ offshore fishery in order to increase yields by an estimated 11 000 tons (MC Banda, National Research co-ordinator, pers. comm.). The most abundant cichlid species in the pelagic zone is the small (<210mm TL) zooplanktivorous Diplotaxodon limnothrissa (Turner 1994, Thompson and Allison 1997). It has been recorded throughout the lake at depths ranging from 20 metres down to the anoxic zone at ca 220 metres (Turner 1994b, Thompson et al. 1996, Duponchelle et al. 2000a) and it makes up ca 52% to the total fish biomass (Thompson and Allison 1997). Diplotaxodon limnothrissa will therefore be a major target species in the pelagic fishery, and already comprises in excess of 50% of the mid-water trawl fishery in the southeast arm (SEA) of the lake (Turner 1996).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Trauma, imagery and the therapeutic relationship : Langu's story
- Karpelowsky, B, Edwards, D J A
- Authors: Karpelowsky, B , Edwards, D J A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6268 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008267
- Description: This paper, a phenomenological case study, describes the psychotherapy of Langu (pseudonym), a 21-year-old student, who presented with Acute Stress Disorder following a series of motor accidents that affected him and his family. Langu's most distressing experience was having to identify his brother's mutilated and severely burned body. Because of the intensity of the intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic imagery and the degree of dissociative numbing, Langu participated in four intensive guided imagery sessions, which involved reliving the incident, and imaginal dialogues with his dead brother. Session records and supervision notes from the therapy process that unfolded over 22 sessions served as the basis for a thematically selective case narrative. Additional material was obtained from several research interviews with Langu over the following months. The narrative highlights the impact of the imagery work as well as relational aspects of the therapy. The case narrative provides a source for examining many aspects of the psychological impact of trauma and the path to healing, as well as the dilemmas and challenges faced by therapists working with traumatised individuals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Karpelowsky, B , Edwards, D J A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6268 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008267
- Description: This paper, a phenomenological case study, describes the psychotherapy of Langu (pseudonym), a 21-year-old student, who presented with Acute Stress Disorder following a series of motor accidents that affected him and his family. Langu's most distressing experience was having to identify his brother's mutilated and severely burned body. Because of the intensity of the intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic imagery and the degree of dissociative numbing, Langu participated in four intensive guided imagery sessions, which involved reliving the incident, and imaginal dialogues with his dead brother. Session records and supervision notes from the therapy process that unfolded over 22 sessions served as the basis for a thematically selective case narrative. Additional material was obtained from several research interviews with Langu over the following months. The narrative highlights the impact of the imagery work as well as relational aspects of the therapy. The case narrative provides a source for examining many aspects of the psychological impact of trauma and the path to healing, as well as the dilemmas and challenges faced by therapists working with traumatised individuals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
The Dassie and the Hunter: A South African Meeting
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175147 , vital:42547 , https://doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v43i1.29727
- Description: This book does not resemble any of Jeff Opland’s previous academic works. There is no similarity in style, and to some extent content. His previous books, namely, Xhosa oral poetry: Aspects of a black South African tradition (Cambridge University Press, 1983), and Xhosa poets and poetry (David Philip, 1998), were written as purely scientific, academic works. The Dassie and the Hunter amounts to a subtle snub of academia and its restrictive rules. Though written by Opland, it is as if he and his research subject, Manisi, have colluded to make this work different and special, in a personal mystical way, disregarding academic etiquette, weaving a more creative, poetic tapestry. This makes the book an interesting read. In style and content, it is neither rigorously academic, solely biographical, nor purely creative. It evades classification. It is individualistic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175147 , vital:42547 , https://doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v43i1.29727
- Description: This book does not resemble any of Jeff Opland’s previous academic works. There is no similarity in style, and to some extent content. His previous books, namely, Xhosa oral poetry: Aspects of a black South African tradition (Cambridge University Press, 1983), and Xhosa poets and poetry (David Philip, 1998), were written as purely scientific, academic works. The Dassie and the Hunter amounts to a subtle snub of academia and its restrictive rules. Though written by Opland, it is as if he and his research subject, Manisi, have colluded to make this work different and special, in a personal mystical way, disregarding academic etiquette, weaving a more creative, poetic tapestry. This makes the book an interesting read. In style and content, it is neither rigorously academic, solely biographical, nor purely creative. It evades classification. It is individualistic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Biological removal of nitrogen species from metal-processing wastewater
- Kasia, J M, Duncan, J R, Burgess, Jo E
- Authors: Kasia, J M , Duncan, J R , Burgess, Jo E
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6482 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006256
- Description: Although several nitrification/denitrification processes are established for the removal of ammonia and nitrate from municipal and industrial wastewaters, there are few reported results on the removal of these ions from metal-processing and finishing wastewaters. Unlike municipal wastewater, there is very little organic content in metal-processing wastewaters. Sources of ammonia and nitrate in the wastewater include the use of ammonium-nitrate-fuel oil as a blasting agent, and the use of other nitrogen-containing reagents during processing. The objective of this work was to investigate a biological process for the removal of nitrogenous compounds from real metal-processing wastewater. The system comprised an aerobic continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) followed by an anaerobic packed column and was run using real wastewater from a metal-processing operation. The system was inoculated using humus sludge from a municipal trickling filter and a period of approximately four weeks was required for a denitrifying biofilm to develop. Results showed that ammonia removal occurred readily in the CSTR while nitrite oxidation was slower to develop. The CSTR was found to be suitable for ammonia oxidation; up to 89% ammonia removal was achieved. By employing an integrated process comprising nitrification and denitrification, high ammonia removal efficiencies can be obtained. An effluent that is low in ammonia can be obtained with this system with additional carbon introduced after the CSTR. The gravel-packed column reactor was found to be unsuitable for the removal of nitrate in the configuration used (maximum 15% removal efficiency). The critical parameters for denitrification are nitrate concentration, temperature, influent flow rate and mean cell retention time. Nitrate removal did not meet the expectations projected by previous authors' work using synthetic wastewater.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kasia, J M , Duncan, J R , Burgess, Jo E
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6482 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006256
- Description: Although several nitrification/denitrification processes are established for the removal of ammonia and nitrate from municipal and industrial wastewaters, there are few reported results on the removal of these ions from metal-processing and finishing wastewaters. Unlike municipal wastewater, there is very little organic content in metal-processing wastewaters. Sources of ammonia and nitrate in the wastewater include the use of ammonium-nitrate-fuel oil as a blasting agent, and the use of other nitrogen-containing reagents during processing. The objective of this work was to investigate a biological process for the removal of nitrogenous compounds from real metal-processing wastewater. The system comprised an aerobic continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) followed by an anaerobic packed column and was run using real wastewater from a metal-processing operation. The system was inoculated using humus sludge from a municipal trickling filter and a period of approximately four weeks was required for a denitrifying biofilm to develop. Results showed that ammonia removal occurred readily in the CSTR while nitrite oxidation was slower to develop. The CSTR was found to be suitable for ammonia oxidation; up to 89% ammonia removal was achieved. By employing an integrated process comprising nitrification and denitrification, high ammonia removal efficiencies can be obtained. An effluent that is low in ammonia can be obtained with this system with additional carbon introduced after the CSTR. The gravel-packed column reactor was found to be unsuitable for the removal of nitrate in the configuration used (maximum 15% removal efficiency). The critical parameters for denitrification are nitrate concentration, temperature, influent flow rate and mean cell retention time. Nitrate removal did not meet the expectations projected by previous authors' work using synthetic wastewater.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
The role of communication in the management and leadership of a secondary school in Namibia
- Authors: Kaura, Unjee M
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1862 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004559
- Description: Communication is a complex phenomenon, widely regarded as the lifeblood of every organisation, and ironically one of the least researched areas, at least in the field of leadership and management in an educational context. The paucity of literature in this field is evidence of this. This study is an attempt to explore and gain understanding of teachers' experiences and perceptions of the role and functions of communication within an educational organisation, in this case a secondary school in Namibia. The study is an interpretive case study, and employed questionnaires and interviews to gather data from selected participants at the site of research. The findings of the study highlight the dual role of communication as a functioning mechanism as well as a social or binding factor. The role of communication emerges as an essential element in the democratic functioning of the school. It is through communication that democratic practice is achieved as a vehicle for involvement in decision-making, sharing, teamwork, and as a medium for leadership leading to empowerment, human development and organisational development, bringing about change through the sharing of vision. Both formal and informal communication are shown to be functional to the institution. Some of the challenges that have emerged are the dangers of careless and malicious 'badmouthing' in informal communication, the persistence of some degree of top-down communication, and the challenges of communication in multi-cultural settings. The study highlights the need for strategies to improve communication, such as workshops on interpersonal communication.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kaura, Unjee M
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1862 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004559
- Description: Communication is a complex phenomenon, widely regarded as the lifeblood of every organisation, and ironically one of the least researched areas, at least in the field of leadership and management in an educational context. The paucity of literature in this field is evidence of this. This study is an attempt to explore and gain understanding of teachers' experiences and perceptions of the role and functions of communication within an educational organisation, in this case a secondary school in Namibia. The study is an interpretive case study, and employed questionnaires and interviews to gather data from selected participants at the site of research. The findings of the study highlight the dual role of communication as a functioning mechanism as well as a social or binding factor. The role of communication emerges as an essential element in the democratic functioning of the school. It is through communication that democratic practice is achieved as a vehicle for involvement in decision-making, sharing, teamwork, and as a medium for leadership leading to empowerment, human development and organisational development, bringing about change through the sharing of vision. Both formal and informal communication are shown to be functional to the institution. Some of the challenges that have emerged are the dangers of careless and malicious 'badmouthing' in informal communication, the persistence of some degree of top-down communication, and the challenges of communication in multi-cultural settings. The study highlights the need for strategies to improve communication, such as workshops on interpersonal communication.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Inspectors of education's perceptions of female principalship in the Rundu region of Namibia
- Authors: Kawana, Irene
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Women school principals -- Namibia -- Rundu , Educational leadership -- Namibia -- Rundu , Sex discrimination in employment -- Namibia , School supervisors -- Namibia -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2006 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015746
- Description: While women constitute more than 51% of the population and far outnumber men in teaching positions in Namibia, very few occupy positions of leadership. Male candidates are still favoured for top positions, thereby denying women the chance to gain entrance to these positions. One of the reasons for this imbalance seems to be that, in spite of conscious political effort and legislation, women may still be perceived as less effective leaders than men. This research focused on leadership in education, in particular school principals, and explored the perceptions of female principalship held by school inspectors. Three school inspectors from the Rundu Education Region were purposefully selected and interviewed. Inspectors were selected on the grounds of their considerable influence in the selection and appointment of school principals. The study found that these inspectors favour school principals who show commitment to their work, have good interpersonal working relationships, are caring, good listeners, visionary and produce good results. The inspectors attribute female principals’ success to their traditionally perceived characteristics, such as caring leadership and ability to develop good human relations. Instead of perceiving these qualities as professionally negative (as is sometimes argued in the literature) the inspectors see them as indisputable assets to leadership. The respondents acknowledge the cultural stereotyping that may have influenced male attitudes to women in the past, but argue that good leadership is not specific to gender, but part of the qualities a person possesses, regardless of sex. This study concludes that, contrary to what has been reported in many studies, these inspectors perceive women principals as effective – equal to their male counterparts or sometimes even more effective - because they are caring, well organized and good at communicating and establishing relations with others. Though these qualities are different from the traditional masculine qualities which include independence and emotional strength, the respondents recognize and legitimize them as preferred qualities in current effective leadership practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kawana, Irene
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Women school principals -- Namibia -- Rundu , Educational leadership -- Namibia -- Rundu , Sex discrimination in employment -- Namibia , School supervisors -- Namibia -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2006 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015746
- Description: While women constitute more than 51% of the population and far outnumber men in teaching positions in Namibia, very few occupy positions of leadership. Male candidates are still favoured for top positions, thereby denying women the chance to gain entrance to these positions. One of the reasons for this imbalance seems to be that, in spite of conscious political effort and legislation, women may still be perceived as less effective leaders than men. This research focused on leadership in education, in particular school principals, and explored the perceptions of female principalship held by school inspectors. Three school inspectors from the Rundu Education Region were purposefully selected and interviewed. Inspectors were selected on the grounds of their considerable influence in the selection and appointment of school principals. The study found that these inspectors favour school principals who show commitment to their work, have good interpersonal working relationships, are caring, good listeners, visionary and produce good results. The inspectors attribute female principals’ success to their traditionally perceived characteristics, such as caring leadership and ability to develop good human relations. Instead of perceiving these qualities as professionally negative (as is sometimes argued in the literature) the inspectors see them as indisputable assets to leadership. The respondents acknowledge the cultural stereotyping that may have influenced male attitudes to women in the past, but argue that good leadership is not specific to gender, but part of the qualities a person possesses, regardless of sex. This study concludes that, contrary to what has been reported in many studies, these inspectors perceive women principals as effective – equal to their male counterparts or sometimes even more effective - because they are caring, well organized and good at communicating and establishing relations with others. Though these qualities are different from the traditional masculine qualities which include independence and emotional strength, the respondents recognize and legitimize them as preferred qualities in current effective leadership practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Selecting medicinal plants for cultivation at Nqabara on the Eastern Cape Wild Coast, South Africa
- Keirungi, J, Fabricius, Christo
- Authors: Keirungi, J , Fabricius, Christo
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6637 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006862
- Description: [From introduction:] The intensive harvesting of medicinal plants for commercial trade in South Africa poses a threat to many species. Cultivation has therefore been considered as an alternative to collection in the wild. This paper aims to assess the feasibility of cultivating medicinal plants in the Nqabara Administrative Area on South Africa's Wild Coast. A combination of participatory and formal research methods was used to collect data on the importance of medicinal plants, collection localities, market prices, the time spent collecting plants and their ease of cultivation. The values attached to medicinal plants were mainly dependent on their market prices. Four of the five Nqabara traditional healers interviewed cultivated these plants in their home gardens, but many medicinal products were obtained in indigenous forests from the bark of large trees, which were unsuitable for cultivation. Collectors said that the proximity of forests to their homesteads and the richness of forests in medicinal plants influenced their selection of harvesting localities. There was no correlation between time spent collecting species and their market prices. These prices were, however, positively correlated with the species' perceived healing properties. Users acknowledged that harvesting had an adverse effect on large trees, are eager to cultivate them and are taking action to conserve indigenous forests. Community-based enterprises should focus on species that are easy to cultivate and have a high demand, such as Stangeria eriopus, Acalypha glabrata and Behnia reticulata but not Araujia sericifera, which is exotic and abundant. The main barriers to commercial cultivation are availability of suitable land, water, lack of start-up capital, and access to markets and to seeds. Cultivation of medicinal plants could contribute to the economic empowerment of women in rural areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Keirungi, J , Fabricius, Christo
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6637 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006862
- Description: [From introduction:] The intensive harvesting of medicinal plants for commercial trade in South Africa poses a threat to many species. Cultivation has therefore been considered as an alternative to collection in the wild. This paper aims to assess the feasibility of cultivating medicinal plants in the Nqabara Administrative Area on South Africa's Wild Coast. A combination of participatory and formal research methods was used to collect data on the importance of medicinal plants, collection localities, market prices, the time spent collecting plants and their ease of cultivation. The values attached to medicinal plants were mainly dependent on their market prices. Four of the five Nqabara traditional healers interviewed cultivated these plants in their home gardens, but many medicinal products were obtained in indigenous forests from the bark of large trees, which were unsuitable for cultivation. Collectors said that the proximity of forests to their homesteads and the richness of forests in medicinal plants influenced their selection of harvesting localities. There was no correlation between time spent collecting species and their market prices. These prices were, however, positively correlated with the species' perceived healing properties. Users acknowledged that harvesting had an adverse effect on large trees, are eager to cultivate them and are taking action to conserve indigenous forests. Community-based enterprises should focus on species that are easy to cultivate and have a high demand, such as Stangeria eriopus, Acalypha glabrata and Behnia reticulata but not Araujia sericifera, which is exotic and abundant. The main barriers to commercial cultivation are availability of suitable land, water, lack of start-up capital, and access to markets and to seeds. Cultivation of medicinal plants could contribute to the economic empowerment of women in rural areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Puerulus and early juvenile recruitment of the rock lobster jasus lalandii in relation to the environment at Lüderitz Bay, Namibia
- Authors: Keulder, Felicia Juanita
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Jasus lalandii , Lobster fisheries -- Namibia , Lobster culture -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5315 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005160 , Jasus lalandii , Lobster fisheries -- Namibia , Lobster culture -- Namibia
- Description: A global decline in the lobster fishery has necessitated the growout of wild-caught postlarvae (pueruli) on farms to meet the worlds lobster demand. A limited knowledge on puerulus settlement in the West Coast rock lobster (Jasus lalandii) constitutes a major barrier for J. lalandii culture development in Southern Africa. As an extension of an existing long-term puerulus monitoring program of the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources of Namibia, the present study monitored puerulus recruitment (supply), puerulus condition and juvenile growth of J. lalandii and their relationship with environmental variables on an oyster farm at Lüderitz Bay, Namibia. Implications for lobster aquaculture and fisheries management are discussed. Oyster bags, crates and collectors were sampled daily, weekly and bimonthly, for pueruli and juveniles, respectively, between August 2001 and July 2003 to establish spatialtemporal patterns in their distribution. Animals were transported to the laboratory for morphometric analyses where they were staged as puerulus (Pt = transparent; Pp = pigmented) and juvenile lobsters. The carapace lengths (0.1mm CL) and wet weights (0.01gram) of animals were recorded. Carapace length frequencies were subjected to Modal Progression analysis to identify early juvenile cohorts and calculate their growths. The weight-length ratios calculated and percentage fat content were used as indices of nutritional condition. Seasonal peaks in puerulus and juvenile abundance were estimated using Periodic Regression analysis. The relationships of puerulus and juvenile abundance with respect to sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed-direction, moon phase, swell and tidal range were established using time lag analysis (ADL). Transparent pueruli were randomly distributed on oyster bags and crates, and also between collector sites, suggesting that they have no particular settlement preference for certain areas on these structures (p>0.05; n=150). Pigmented puerulus (p<0.05; n=566) and juveniles (p<0.05; n=3528) preferred structurally complex structures that provided better shelter such as crates, which were more sheltered from sea swells, compared to oyster bags. Among oyster rafts, pigmented puerulus and juveniles preferred occupying the sheltered and centred raft areas, which provided better protection from wave action, compared to exposed raft areas, which were exposed to the incoming swell. Puerulus and juvenile lobster appeared to recolonise adjacent bags and crates, and possibly migrate to the substrate and off the farm due to the disturbance of the habitat during harvesting. The booth crevice collector was more efficient in collecting puerulus possibly due to the high structurally complex habitat and the better shelter they provided compared to the hogshair collector. The occupation of structurally complex habitats by early benthic stages may be related to morphological changes associated with metamorphosis. Puerulus settlement peaked during early spring (August-September) and was related to low sea surface temperatures (12.3°C), strong south winds, and moderate swells in the week preceding settlement. These conditions are synonymous with the “spring upwelling” season of the Lüderitz upwelling cell in the central Benguela current region. Puerulus nutritional condition peaked during this period possibly due to high levels of planktonic food (due to high nutrients from upwelling) that was available to the late stage phyllosoma larvae further offshore. A “good” puerulus settlement year during 2000 was associated with lower than average SST (11.6°C) and strong south winds and was followed by “poor” puerulus settlement years during 2001 and 2002 when higher than average SST were experienced with below average wind speeds experienced during 2001 only. Puerulus of J. lalandii recruited in high numbers into Lüderitz Bay during the new moon, full moon and last quarter moon phases by making use of the increased tides during these phases of the lunar cycle. Peak juvenile abundance during early summer (November-December) lagged by 8 weeks was significantly correlated with peak puerulus abundance. Puerulus size was similar (8.5–9.7mm CL) over the study period. Juvenile cohorts, 9.9-20.6mm CL in size recruited in 2 distinct waves in August 2001-June 2002 and July 2002-February 2003. The 2001/2002 recruits had higher monthly growth increments and better nutritional condition compared to 2002/2003 recruits. Peak frequencies of 2nd moult juveniles (9.9- 10.8mm CL) occurred in September of both recruitment events with nutritional condition being poorest during the 2002/2003 event. The nutritional condition of the settling puerulus did not appear to be related to the subsequent growth of juvenile lobster. These preliminary results suggest that pueruli recruit once a year mainly during late winter/ early spring under conditions typical of coastal upwelling in the Benguela current near Lüderitz. It appears that puerulus settlement is driven by favourable shoreward currents, which help in transporting puerulus to their settlement grounds. Puerulus supply is highly variable between years, which appears to be consistent with a highly variable Benguela environment. The oyster farm supported a substantial standing stock averaging 123 800 lobster per day (range: 22 600-325 300 lobster per day) of which 26 600 were puerulus and 97 200 were juveniles, that may have been harvested once off on any given day during the sample period. Monthly harvesting of the total lobster standing stock during the one and a half year sampling period was just over 2 million lobsters (505 700 pueruli and 1.85 million juveniles) and would potentially have been sufficient seed for a 200 ton lobster production in puerulus lobster growout facilities. In the light of high inter-annual variation in puerulus settlement observed at Lüderitz, the seed supply at the Lüderitz oyster farm is clearly limited and therefore it is prudent that other sites of high puerulus settlement is established before large commercial scale lobster growout can commence. The migration of lobster off the farm suggested that these lobsters potentially recruit to the fishery and therefore harvesting the entire standing stock on the farm may have adverse negative effects on the wild fishery. A policy decision will be required as to whether more efficient harvesting of lobster from the farm should be allowed. If puerulus removal in J. lalandii for aquaculture is allowed in the near future, it should be conducted on an experimental scale or small commercial scale until the potential effects on recruitment into the fishery are clearer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Keulder, Felicia Juanita
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Jasus lalandii , Lobster fisheries -- Namibia , Lobster culture -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5315 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005160 , Jasus lalandii , Lobster fisheries -- Namibia , Lobster culture -- Namibia
- Description: A global decline in the lobster fishery has necessitated the growout of wild-caught postlarvae (pueruli) on farms to meet the worlds lobster demand. A limited knowledge on puerulus settlement in the West Coast rock lobster (Jasus lalandii) constitutes a major barrier for J. lalandii culture development in Southern Africa. As an extension of an existing long-term puerulus monitoring program of the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources of Namibia, the present study monitored puerulus recruitment (supply), puerulus condition and juvenile growth of J. lalandii and their relationship with environmental variables on an oyster farm at Lüderitz Bay, Namibia. Implications for lobster aquaculture and fisheries management are discussed. Oyster bags, crates and collectors were sampled daily, weekly and bimonthly, for pueruli and juveniles, respectively, between August 2001 and July 2003 to establish spatialtemporal patterns in their distribution. Animals were transported to the laboratory for morphometric analyses where they were staged as puerulus (Pt = transparent; Pp = pigmented) and juvenile lobsters. The carapace lengths (0.1mm CL) and wet weights (0.01gram) of animals were recorded. Carapace length frequencies were subjected to Modal Progression analysis to identify early juvenile cohorts and calculate their growths. The weight-length ratios calculated and percentage fat content were used as indices of nutritional condition. Seasonal peaks in puerulus and juvenile abundance were estimated using Periodic Regression analysis. The relationships of puerulus and juvenile abundance with respect to sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed-direction, moon phase, swell and tidal range were established using time lag analysis (ADL). Transparent pueruli were randomly distributed on oyster bags and crates, and also between collector sites, suggesting that they have no particular settlement preference for certain areas on these structures (p>0.05; n=150). Pigmented puerulus (p<0.05; n=566) and juveniles (p<0.05; n=3528) preferred structurally complex structures that provided better shelter such as crates, which were more sheltered from sea swells, compared to oyster bags. Among oyster rafts, pigmented puerulus and juveniles preferred occupying the sheltered and centred raft areas, which provided better protection from wave action, compared to exposed raft areas, which were exposed to the incoming swell. Puerulus and juvenile lobster appeared to recolonise adjacent bags and crates, and possibly migrate to the substrate and off the farm due to the disturbance of the habitat during harvesting. The booth crevice collector was more efficient in collecting puerulus possibly due to the high structurally complex habitat and the better shelter they provided compared to the hogshair collector. The occupation of structurally complex habitats by early benthic stages may be related to morphological changes associated with metamorphosis. Puerulus settlement peaked during early spring (August-September) and was related to low sea surface temperatures (12.3°C), strong south winds, and moderate swells in the week preceding settlement. These conditions are synonymous with the “spring upwelling” season of the Lüderitz upwelling cell in the central Benguela current region. Puerulus nutritional condition peaked during this period possibly due to high levels of planktonic food (due to high nutrients from upwelling) that was available to the late stage phyllosoma larvae further offshore. A “good” puerulus settlement year during 2000 was associated with lower than average SST (11.6°C) and strong south winds and was followed by “poor” puerulus settlement years during 2001 and 2002 when higher than average SST were experienced with below average wind speeds experienced during 2001 only. Puerulus of J. lalandii recruited in high numbers into Lüderitz Bay during the new moon, full moon and last quarter moon phases by making use of the increased tides during these phases of the lunar cycle. Peak juvenile abundance during early summer (November-December) lagged by 8 weeks was significantly correlated with peak puerulus abundance. Puerulus size was similar (8.5–9.7mm CL) over the study period. Juvenile cohorts, 9.9-20.6mm CL in size recruited in 2 distinct waves in August 2001-June 2002 and July 2002-February 2003. The 2001/2002 recruits had higher monthly growth increments and better nutritional condition compared to 2002/2003 recruits. Peak frequencies of 2nd moult juveniles (9.9- 10.8mm CL) occurred in September of both recruitment events with nutritional condition being poorest during the 2002/2003 event. The nutritional condition of the settling puerulus did not appear to be related to the subsequent growth of juvenile lobster. These preliminary results suggest that pueruli recruit once a year mainly during late winter/ early spring under conditions typical of coastal upwelling in the Benguela current near Lüderitz. It appears that puerulus settlement is driven by favourable shoreward currents, which help in transporting puerulus to their settlement grounds. Puerulus supply is highly variable between years, which appears to be consistent with a highly variable Benguela environment. The oyster farm supported a substantial standing stock averaging 123 800 lobster per day (range: 22 600-325 300 lobster per day) of which 26 600 were puerulus and 97 200 were juveniles, that may have been harvested once off on any given day during the sample period. Monthly harvesting of the total lobster standing stock during the one and a half year sampling period was just over 2 million lobsters (505 700 pueruli and 1.85 million juveniles) and would potentially have been sufficient seed for a 200 ton lobster production in puerulus lobster growout facilities. In the light of high inter-annual variation in puerulus settlement observed at Lüderitz, the seed supply at the Lüderitz oyster farm is clearly limited and therefore it is prudent that other sites of high puerulus settlement is established before large commercial scale lobster growout can commence. The migration of lobster off the farm suggested that these lobsters potentially recruit to the fishery and therefore harvesting the entire standing stock on the farm may have adverse negative effects on the wild fishery. A policy decision will be required as to whether more efficient harvesting of lobster from the farm should be allowed. If puerulus removal in J. lalandii for aquaculture is allowed in the near future, it should be conducted on an experimental scale or small commercial scale until the potential effects on recruitment into the fishery are clearer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Betwixt and between: exploring the passage of liminal space
- Authors: Key, Michelle
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Bourgeois, Louis, 1911- Spider , Art and anthropology , Art criticism , Liminality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2406 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002202 , Bourgeois, Louis, 1911- Spider , Art and anthropology , Art criticism , Liminality
- Description: The focus of this thesis is on the liminal space, limen being Latin for threshold. The liminal space is used as a means of figuring and reading artworks that appear to be in a process of becoming and disappearing. A dialectical and reciprocal reading is made of Bourgeois’ “neo-Baroque” artwork Spider (1997) and Michelle Key’s Betwixt-in-Between (2004). Liminality here is discussed within the theoretical framework of several key conceptual concerns, including abjection (as examined principally by Julia Kristeva), Baroque thought (as discussed by Mieke Bal, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Lacan and Slavoj Žižek) and allegory (as figured primarily by Walter Benjamin and commentators on Benjamin’s writings). What links these concerns are their focus on indeterminacy, instability, and process as opposed to certitude and finitude. The exploration of the inscription of time in space; that is the temporal process, which gives rise to, which produces, the spatial dimension, is attempted in order to make meaning, however provisionally, of what may be argued to destabilise meaning and to consider possibilities for both art-making and interpretation that would engage critically with this instability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Key, Michelle
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Bourgeois, Louis, 1911- Spider , Art and anthropology , Art criticism , Liminality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2406 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002202 , Bourgeois, Louis, 1911- Spider , Art and anthropology , Art criticism , Liminality
- Description: The focus of this thesis is on the liminal space, limen being Latin for threshold. The liminal space is used as a means of figuring and reading artworks that appear to be in a process of becoming and disappearing. A dialectical and reciprocal reading is made of Bourgeois’ “neo-Baroque” artwork Spider (1997) and Michelle Key’s Betwixt-in-Between (2004). Liminality here is discussed within the theoretical framework of several key conceptual concerns, including abjection (as examined principally by Julia Kristeva), Baroque thought (as discussed by Mieke Bal, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Lacan and Slavoj Žižek) and allegory (as figured primarily by Walter Benjamin and commentators on Benjamin’s writings). What links these concerns are their focus on indeterminacy, instability, and process as opposed to certitude and finitude. The exploration of the inscription of time in space; that is the temporal process, which gives rise to, which produces, the spatial dimension, is attempted in order to make meaning, however provisionally, of what may be argued to destabilise meaning and to consider possibilities for both art-making and interpretation that would engage critically with this instability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Formulation and assessment of verapamil sustained release tablets
- Khamanga, Sandile Maswazi Malungelo
- Authors: Khamanga, Sandile Maswazi Malungelo
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Verapamil , Tablets (Medicine) , Drugs -- Administration , Cardiovascular agents , Calcium -- Antagonists , Drugs -- Controlled release
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3869 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018236
- Description: The oral route of drug administration is most extensively used due to the obvious ease of administration. Verapamil hydrochloride is a WHO listed phenylalkylarnine, L-type calcium channel antagonist that is mainly indicated for cardiovascular disorders such as angina pectoris, supraventricular tachycardia and hypertension. Due to its relatively short half-life of approximately 4.0 hours, the formulation of a sustained-release dosage form is useful to improve patient compliance and to achieve predictable and optimized therapeutic plasma concentrations. Direct compression and wet granulation were initially used as methods for tablet manufacture. The direct compression method of manufacture produced tablets that exhibited formulation and manufacturing difficulties. Mini-tablets containing veraparnil hydrochloride were then prepared by wet granulation using Surelease® E-7-19010.and Eudragit® NE 30D as the granulating agents after which the granules were incorporated with an hydrophilic matrix material, Carbopol® 974P NF. Granule and powder blends were evaluated using the angle of repose, loose and tapped bulk density, Can's compressibility index, Hausner's ratio and drug content. Granules with good flow properties and satisfactory compressibility were used for further studies. Tablets were subjected to thickness, diameter and weight variation tests, crushing strength, tensile strength, friability and content uniformity studies. Tablets that showed acceptable pharmaco-technical properties were selected for further analysis. Drug content uniformity and dissolution release rates were determined using a validated isocratic HPLC method. Initially, USP apparatus 1 and 3 dissolution apparatus were used to determine in-vitro drug release rates from the formulations over a 22-hour period. USP apparatus 3 was finally selected as it offers the advantages of mimicking, in part, the changes in the physicochemical environment experienced by products in the gastro-intestinal tract. Differences in release rates between the test formulations and a commercially available product, Isoptin® SR were observed at different pH's using USP apparatus 1. The release of veraparnil hydrochloride from matrix tablets was pH dependent and was markedly reduced at higher pH values. This may be due, in part, to the poor solubility of veraparnil hydrochloride at these pH values and also the possible interaction of verapamil hydrochloride with anionic polymers used in these formulations. Swelling and erosion behaviour of the tablets were evaluated and differences in behaviour were observed which may be attributed to the physico-chemical characteristics of the polymers used in this study. In-vitro dissolution profiles were characterized by the difference (j1) and similarity factor (j2) and also by a new similarity factor, Sct. In addition, the mechanism of drug release from these dosage forms was mainly evaluated using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the kinetics of drug release assessed using other models, including Zero order, First order, Higuchi, HixsonCrowell, Weibull and the Baker-Lonsdale model. Dissolution kinetics were best described by application of the Weibull model, and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The release exponent, n, confirmed that drug release from these dosage forms was due to the mixed effects of diffusion and swelling and therefore, anomalous release kinetics are predominant. In conclusion, two test batches were found to be comparable to the reference product Isoptin® SR with respect to their in-vitro release profiles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Khamanga, Sandile Maswazi Malungelo
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Verapamil , Tablets (Medicine) , Drugs -- Administration , Cardiovascular agents , Calcium -- Antagonists , Drugs -- Controlled release
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3869 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018236
- Description: The oral route of drug administration is most extensively used due to the obvious ease of administration. Verapamil hydrochloride is a WHO listed phenylalkylarnine, L-type calcium channel antagonist that is mainly indicated for cardiovascular disorders such as angina pectoris, supraventricular tachycardia and hypertension. Due to its relatively short half-life of approximately 4.0 hours, the formulation of a sustained-release dosage form is useful to improve patient compliance and to achieve predictable and optimized therapeutic plasma concentrations. Direct compression and wet granulation were initially used as methods for tablet manufacture. The direct compression method of manufacture produced tablets that exhibited formulation and manufacturing difficulties. Mini-tablets containing veraparnil hydrochloride were then prepared by wet granulation using Surelease® E-7-19010.and Eudragit® NE 30D as the granulating agents after which the granules were incorporated with an hydrophilic matrix material, Carbopol® 974P NF. Granule and powder blends were evaluated using the angle of repose, loose and tapped bulk density, Can's compressibility index, Hausner's ratio and drug content. Granules with good flow properties and satisfactory compressibility were used for further studies. Tablets were subjected to thickness, diameter and weight variation tests, crushing strength, tensile strength, friability and content uniformity studies. Tablets that showed acceptable pharmaco-technical properties were selected for further analysis. Drug content uniformity and dissolution release rates were determined using a validated isocratic HPLC method. Initially, USP apparatus 1 and 3 dissolution apparatus were used to determine in-vitro drug release rates from the formulations over a 22-hour period. USP apparatus 3 was finally selected as it offers the advantages of mimicking, in part, the changes in the physicochemical environment experienced by products in the gastro-intestinal tract. Differences in release rates between the test formulations and a commercially available product, Isoptin® SR were observed at different pH's using USP apparatus 1. The release of veraparnil hydrochloride from matrix tablets was pH dependent and was markedly reduced at higher pH values. This may be due, in part, to the poor solubility of veraparnil hydrochloride at these pH values and also the possible interaction of verapamil hydrochloride with anionic polymers used in these formulations. Swelling and erosion behaviour of the tablets were evaluated and differences in behaviour were observed which may be attributed to the physico-chemical characteristics of the polymers used in this study. In-vitro dissolution profiles were characterized by the difference (j1) and similarity factor (j2) and also by a new similarity factor, Sct. In addition, the mechanism of drug release from these dosage forms was mainly evaluated using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the kinetics of drug release assessed using other models, including Zero order, First order, Higuchi, HixsonCrowell, Weibull and the Baker-Lonsdale model. Dissolution kinetics were best described by application of the Weibull model, and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The release exponent, n, confirmed that drug release from these dosage forms was due to the mixed effects of diffusion and swelling and therefore, anomalous release kinetics are predominant. In conclusion, two test batches were found to be comparable to the reference product Isoptin® SR with respect to their in-vitro release profiles.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
The development of the emerging technologies sustainability assessment (ETSA) and its application in the design of a bioprocess for the treatment of wine distillery effluent
- Authors: Khan, Nuraan
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Technology assessment , Wine and wine making -- Waste disposal , Distilleries -- Waste disposal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3953 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004012 , Technology assessment , Wine and wine making -- Waste disposal , Distilleries -- Waste disposal
- Description: Emerging Technologies Sustainability Assessment (ETSA) is a new technology assessment tool that was developed in order to compare emerging processes or technologies to existing alternatives. It utilizes infoIDlation modules, with the minimum use of resources such as time and money, in order to deteIDline if the process under development is comparatively favourable and should be developed beyond the early conceptual phase. The preliminary ETSA is vital in order to identify the gaps in the existing information and the specific methodologies to be used for data capture and analysis. The use of experimental design tools, such as Design-Expert, can facilitate rapid and efficient collection of necessary data and fits in well with the rationale for the ETSA. Wine distillery effluent (vinasse) is the residue left after alcohol has been distilled from fennented grape juice. It is an acidic, darkly coloured effluent, with a high COD and polyphenol content. The most popular method of disposal of this effluent, land application, is no longer viable due to stricter legislation and pressure on the industry to better manage its wastes. Although the ability of whiterot fungi to degrade a number of pollutants is well-known, fungal treatment of wine distillery effluent is still in the conceptual phase. The perfoIDlance of the fungal remediation system was assessed experimentally in terms of COD removal and laccase production using Design-Expert. Although Pycnoporus sanguine us was found to be most efficient at COD removal (85%) from 30% vinasse, laccase production was low (0.021 U/I). The optimum design for economically viable fungal treatment used Trametespubescens. This fungus was able to remove over 50% of the COD from undiluted vinasse while producing almost 800U/l of the valuable laccase enzyme within three days. Since the effluent from the fungal system did not meet the legal limits for wastewater disposal, a two-stage aerobicanaerobic system is suggested to improve the quality of the effluent prior to disposal. The ETSA was used to assess the fungal technology in relation to the two current methods of vinasse treatment and disposal, namely land application and anaerobic digestion. Based on the ETSA, which considered environmental, social and economic impacts, the fungal system proved to be potentially competitive and further development of the technology is suggested.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Khan, Nuraan
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Technology assessment , Wine and wine making -- Waste disposal , Distilleries -- Waste disposal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3953 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004012 , Technology assessment , Wine and wine making -- Waste disposal , Distilleries -- Waste disposal
- Description: Emerging Technologies Sustainability Assessment (ETSA) is a new technology assessment tool that was developed in order to compare emerging processes or technologies to existing alternatives. It utilizes infoIDlation modules, with the minimum use of resources such as time and money, in order to deteIDline if the process under development is comparatively favourable and should be developed beyond the early conceptual phase. The preliminary ETSA is vital in order to identify the gaps in the existing information and the specific methodologies to be used for data capture and analysis. The use of experimental design tools, such as Design-Expert, can facilitate rapid and efficient collection of necessary data and fits in well with the rationale for the ETSA. Wine distillery effluent (vinasse) is the residue left after alcohol has been distilled from fennented grape juice. It is an acidic, darkly coloured effluent, with a high COD and polyphenol content. The most popular method of disposal of this effluent, land application, is no longer viable due to stricter legislation and pressure on the industry to better manage its wastes. Although the ability of whiterot fungi to degrade a number of pollutants is well-known, fungal treatment of wine distillery effluent is still in the conceptual phase. The perfoIDlance of the fungal remediation system was assessed experimentally in terms of COD removal and laccase production using Design-Expert. Although Pycnoporus sanguine us was found to be most efficient at COD removal (85%) from 30% vinasse, laccase production was low (0.021 U/I). The optimum design for economically viable fungal treatment used Trametespubescens. This fungus was able to remove over 50% of the COD from undiluted vinasse while producing almost 800U/l of the valuable laccase enzyme within three days. Since the effluent from the fungal system did not meet the legal limits for wastewater disposal, a two-stage aerobicanaerobic system is suggested to improve the quality of the effluent prior to disposal. The ETSA was used to assess the fungal technology in relation to the two current methods of vinasse treatment and disposal, namely land application and anaerobic digestion. Based on the ETSA, which considered environmental, social and economic impacts, the fungal system proved to be potentially competitive and further development of the technology is suggested.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Perceptions relating to students performance in small business management at further education and training colleges
- Authors: Kiewiets, Winifred Margaret
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Small business -- Management -- Study and teaching -- South Africa , College teachers -- South Africa -- Attitudes , College students -- Rating of -- South Africa , College students -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:9558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/463 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011916 , Small business -- Management -- Study and teaching -- South Africa , College teachers -- South Africa -- Attitudes , College students -- Rating of -- South Africa , College students -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Description: The perceptions of both students and teachers are vital to improve performance and to ensure a positive teaching and learning climate at a college. This study examines the perceptions of staff at three recently merged campuses and students regarding student performance. The research focuses specifically on the performance of students registered for the Small Business Management N3 and NSC (National Senior Certificate) curriculum. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was employed to investigate the desired result. Staff teaching the subject (Small Business Management) were given semi-structured interviews, while students who are currently studying the subject were given questionnaires to complete. Data was collected and analysed. This study reveals amongst other findings that management in FET institutions needs to take cognisance of the perceptions of staff and students regarding the improvement of student performance. Opinions, attitudes, insights and recommendations expressed concerning student performance can help institutions improve their culture of teaching and learning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kiewiets, Winifred Margaret
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Small business -- Management -- Study and teaching -- South Africa , College teachers -- South Africa -- Attitudes , College students -- Rating of -- South Africa , College students -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:9558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/463 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011916 , Small business -- Management -- Study and teaching -- South Africa , College teachers -- South Africa -- Attitudes , College students -- Rating of -- South Africa , College students -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Description: The perceptions of both students and teachers are vital to improve performance and to ensure a positive teaching and learning climate at a college. This study examines the perceptions of staff at three recently merged campuses and students regarding student performance. The research focuses specifically on the performance of students registered for the Small Business Management N3 and NSC (National Senior Certificate) curriculum. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was employed to investigate the desired result. Staff teaching the subject (Small Business Management) were given semi-structured interviews, while students who are currently studying the subject were given questionnaires to complete. Data was collected and analysed. This study reveals amongst other findings that management in FET institutions needs to take cognisance of the perceptions of staff and students regarding the improvement of student performance. Opinions, attitudes, insights and recommendations expressed concerning student performance can help institutions improve their culture of teaching and learning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
An investigation of the role of news values in the selection of news sources in a contemporary third world newspaper: a case study of the Daily Nation newspaper
- Authors: Kisuke, Connie Syomiti
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Daily Nation (Nairobi, Kenya) , Government and the press -- Africa , Reporters and reporting , Mass media -- Political aspects -- Africa , Newspapers -- Africa , Journalism -- Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3446 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002900 , Daily Nation (Nairobi, Kenya) , Government and the press -- Africa , Reporters and reporting , Mass media -- Political aspects -- Africa , Newspapers -- Africa , Journalism -- Social aspects
- Description: News in our contemporary newspapers has come to be associated more and more with what the elites do and say. Both their deeds and misdeeds are treated as newsworthy events and in the process they become newsmakers, both actors and sources of news. Even when they are not directly involved in news events they are sought out by journalists to validate those events and to interpret the social reality to the readers as news sources. This study is about the selection of news sources in the Daily Nation, a contemporary, independent newspaper based in Nairobi, Kenya. In this study, I set out to unravel the complex processes that underlie newsmaking and source selection. This study is informed by the theory of news values and the paradigm of the role of media in democracy. Based on qualitative interviews, observations and content analysis of the front-page stories, it investigates the process of news and source selection in front-page stories. Through these approaches, I established that news values are significant criteria that inform journalists in both the selection of front-page news stories and the sources of these stories. I also established that social values of the society in which this newspaper operates are heavily embedded in the news. For example, the journalists preferred male politicians as sources of news in the front-page stories to women, and the elites to ordinary people, and this reflected on the social structures and cultural norms that are prevalent in this society. This study, further, established that the news values of this newspaper share commonly with the Western news media in terms of journalistic conventions and ways of interpreting the social reality in the news. Ideally, the newspaper embraces the principles of democracy in news reporting, but in practice it does not satisfactorily adhere to the full requirements of its democratic role in terms of source selection. The democratic principles in news reporting require, among other things, that the newspaper should allow a diversity of views in the news, representing various groups that are found in real society including the elites, non-elites, women, ordinary people and minorities. In the case of the Daily Nation, a tiny group of elite male professional politicians made up the largest majority of its front-page news sources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kisuke, Connie Syomiti
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Daily Nation (Nairobi, Kenya) , Government and the press -- Africa , Reporters and reporting , Mass media -- Political aspects -- Africa , Newspapers -- Africa , Journalism -- Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3446 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002900 , Daily Nation (Nairobi, Kenya) , Government and the press -- Africa , Reporters and reporting , Mass media -- Political aspects -- Africa , Newspapers -- Africa , Journalism -- Social aspects
- Description: News in our contemporary newspapers has come to be associated more and more with what the elites do and say. Both their deeds and misdeeds are treated as newsworthy events and in the process they become newsmakers, both actors and sources of news. Even when they are not directly involved in news events they are sought out by journalists to validate those events and to interpret the social reality to the readers as news sources. This study is about the selection of news sources in the Daily Nation, a contemporary, independent newspaper based in Nairobi, Kenya. In this study, I set out to unravel the complex processes that underlie newsmaking and source selection. This study is informed by the theory of news values and the paradigm of the role of media in democracy. Based on qualitative interviews, observations and content analysis of the front-page stories, it investigates the process of news and source selection in front-page stories. Through these approaches, I established that news values are significant criteria that inform journalists in both the selection of front-page news stories and the sources of these stories. I also established that social values of the society in which this newspaper operates are heavily embedded in the news. For example, the journalists preferred male politicians as sources of news in the front-page stories to women, and the elites to ordinary people, and this reflected on the social structures and cultural norms that are prevalent in this society. This study, further, established that the news values of this newspaper share commonly with the Western news media in terms of journalistic conventions and ways of interpreting the social reality in the news. Ideally, the newspaper embraces the principles of democracy in news reporting, but in practice it does not satisfactorily adhere to the full requirements of its democratic role in terms of source selection. The democratic principles in news reporting require, among other things, that the newspaper should allow a diversity of views in the news, representing various groups that are found in real society including the elites, non-elites, women, ordinary people and minorities. In the case of the Daily Nation, a tiny group of elite male professional politicians made up the largest majority of its front-page news sources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Fractured solidarities: labour regulation, workplace restructuring, and employment 'flexibility' in Namibia
- Authors: Klerck, Gilton
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Industrial relations -- Namibia Labor -- Namibia Labor unions -- Namibia Organizational change -- Namibia Labor laws and legislation -- Namibia Casual labor -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3343 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004898
- Description: A central concern of this thesis is the expansion, distribution and control of 'non-standard' employment in Namibia since independence. The employment relationship has assumed various historical forms under capitalism, each of which corresponds to a specific mode of regulation with distinct structural dynamics. An attempt is made to extend the regulation approach 'downwards' to account for the problem of order in the workplace and to place the employment relationship within its own regulatory framework. The point of departure in this study of the dynamics of labour regulation is the contradictory nature of labour's incorporation, allocation, control and reproduction within the labour market. The employment relationship is never only an economic exchange, but is also mediated through an institutional framework that connects the processes of production and social reproduction, and regulates conflicting interests inside and outside the workplace. This relationship, as critical realists have pointed out, is a product of the indeterminate intersection of several generative structures. The roots of these generative structures can be traced to three sets of social processes: the processes of production and the structuring of labour demand; the processes of social reproduction and the structuring of labour supply; and the forces of regulation. Non-standard employment is viewed as a particular social and spatio-temporal 'fix' for the various regulatory dilemmas generated by the standard employment relationship. This conception underscores the fact that a national system of labour regulation decisively shapes the conditions under which employers are able to casualise a part of their workforce. The differential experience across national boundaries suggests that analytical space needs to be provided for systems of labour market regulation which may either accentuate or moderate pressures for casualisation. Segmentation on the demand side of the labour market is explored through an analysis of the types of non-standard jobs created in different economic sectors. The various forms of employment 'flexibility' tend to vary in importance according to the specific manner in which a firm chooses to compete. Consequently, non-standard employees are distributed in a complex and uneven manner across industrial sectors and the occupational hierarchy, and face a diverse range of possibilities and liabilities that shape their levels and forms of participation in the labour market. By counteracting the homogenisation effects of labour law and collective bargaining, the mobilisation of cheap and disposable labour through non-standard employment contracts allows employers much greater discretion in constructing the wage-effort bargain. With non-standard employment, social and statutory regulation is weak or underdeveloped and hence managerial control is autocratic, with a significant contractual component. Although the changing social composition of the workforce associated with employment 'flexibility' poses serious challenges to the modes of organisation that have long served the labour movement, trade unions in Namibia and elsewhere have been slow to respond to the threats of casualisation. Of concern here, is the extent to which attempts to promote the security of existing union members is compatible with attempts to organise non-standard employees. This thesis shows that the unions have developed a complex amalgam of strategies in their efforts to regulate non-standard employment relationships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Klerck, Gilton
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Industrial relations -- Namibia Labor -- Namibia Labor unions -- Namibia Organizational change -- Namibia Labor laws and legislation -- Namibia Casual labor -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3343 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004898
- Description: A central concern of this thesis is the expansion, distribution and control of 'non-standard' employment in Namibia since independence. The employment relationship has assumed various historical forms under capitalism, each of which corresponds to a specific mode of regulation with distinct structural dynamics. An attempt is made to extend the regulation approach 'downwards' to account for the problem of order in the workplace and to place the employment relationship within its own regulatory framework. The point of departure in this study of the dynamics of labour regulation is the contradictory nature of labour's incorporation, allocation, control and reproduction within the labour market. The employment relationship is never only an economic exchange, but is also mediated through an institutional framework that connects the processes of production and social reproduction, and regulates conflicting interests inside and outside the workplace. This relationship, as critical realists have pointed out, is a product of the indeterminate intersection of several generative structures. The roots of these generative structures can be traced to three sets of social processes: the processes of production and the structuring of labour demand; the processes of social reproduction and the structuring of labour supply; and the forces of regulation. Non-standard employment is viewed as a particular social and spatio-temporal 'fix' for the various regulatory dilemmas generated by the standard employment relationship. This conception underscores the fact that a national system of labour regulation decisively shapes the conditions under which employers are able to casualise a part of their workforce. The differential experience across national boundaries suggests that analytical space needs to be provided for systems of labour market regulation which may either accentuate or moderate pressures for casualisation. Segmentation on the demand side of the labour market is explored through an analysis of the types of non-standard jobs created in different economic sectors. The various forms of employment 'flexibility' tend to vary in importance according to the specific manner in which a firm chooses to compete. Consequently, non-standard employees are distributed in a complex and uneven manner across industrial sectors and the occupational hierarchy, and face a diverse range of possibilities and liabilities that shape their levels and forms of participation in the labour market. By counteracting the homogenisation effects of labour law and collective bargaining, the mobilisation of cheap and disposable labour through non-standard employment contracts allows employers much greater discretion in constructing the wage-effort bargain. With non-standard employment, social and statutory regulation is weak or underdeveloped and hence managerial control is autocratic, with a significant contractual component. Although the changing social composition of the workforce associated with employment 'flexibility' poses serious challenges to the modes of organisation that have long served the labour movement, trade unions in Namibia and elsewhere have been slow to respond to the threats of casualisation. Of concern here, is the extent to which attempts to promote the security of existing union members is compatible with attempts to organise non-standard employees. This thesis shows that the unions have developed a complex amalgam of strategies in their efforts to regulate non-standard employment relationships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Hijacking feminism: representations of the new woman in South African television advertising practice
- Authors: Klokow, Nicole Ann
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Feminism and mass media -- South Africa , Television advertising -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8372 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/381 , Feminism and mass media -- South Africa , Television advertising -- South Africa
- Description: This study examines the extent to which feminism has been appropriated by the consumer culture. As the relationship between consumerism and patriarchy continues to dominate global economic and social practices, this appropriation points to a denial of the social and political importance of the feminist movement. An acknowledgement of our own complicity in the perpetuation of a sexist, racist and classist ideology – along with an understanding of the complicity of the media – is crucial in explaining relations of domination within our society (Thompson 1990). A study of television advertising practice allows us to “explore meaning as a social product, enmeshed in webs of power” (Jordan and Wheedon 1995:543). Consumer ‘freedom’ is the compulsory freedom (Slater 1997), as we buy as many symbols as products. This study shows that for all the ‘strides’ feminism has made, media images of women are largely traditional, prescriptive (although an ironic distance is often implied) or overtly sexualised. Feminism is never mentioned, as women’s gains are presented as ahistorical in a ‘post-feminist’ world. Third wave feminism is an attempt to embrace all feminisms and feminists, working to inject some substance and truth behind advertising’s feminist veneer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Klokow, Nicole Ann
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Feminism and mass media -- South Africa , Television advertising -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8372 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/381 , Feminism and mass media -- South Africa , Television advertising -- South Africa
- Description: This study examines the extent to which feminism has been appropriated by the consumer culture. As the relationship between consumerism and patriarchy continues to dominate global economic and social practices, this appropriation points to a denial of the social and political importance of the feminist movement. An acknowledgement of our own complicity in the perpetuation of a sexist, racist and classist ideology – along with an understanding of the complicity of the media – is crucial in explaining relations of domination within our society (Thompson 1990). A study of television advertising practice allows us to “explore meaning as a social product, enmeshed in webs of power” (Jordan and Wheedon 1995:543). Consumer ‘freedom’ is the compulsory freedom (Slater 1997), as we buy as many symbols as products. This study shows that for all the ‘strides’ feminism has made, media images of women are largely traditional, prescriptive (although an ironic distance is often implied) or overtly sexualised. Feminism is never mentioned, as women’s gains are presented as ahistorical in a ‘post-feminist’ world. Third wave feminism is an attempt to embrace all feminisms and feminists, working to inject some substance and truth behind advertising’s feminist veneer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Investigation of the effect of selected polypropylene fibres and ultra-fine aggregate on plastic shrinkage cracks on South African roads
- Authors: Kluyts, Grant
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Concrete roads -- South Africa -- Design and construction , Fiber-reinforced concrete , Reinforced concrete -- Cracking , Concrete -- Expansion and contraction , Polypropylene fibers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9592 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/174 , Concrete roads -- South Africa -- Design and construction , Fiber-reinforced concrete , Reinforced concrete -- Cracking , Concrete -- Expansion and contraction , Polypropylene fibers
- Description: Plastic shrinkage cracks, although not inherently structurally debilitating, expose the reinforcement in low-volume reinforced concrete roads to deleterious substances, which may reduce its effectiveness leading ultimately to structural failure. In un-reinforced low-volume concrete road these cracks appear unsightly and cause the road user an unpleasant riding experience. Many researchers believe that plastic shrinkage crack development remains a concern to the concrete industry, occurring in particularly large–area pours such as low-volume concrete roads, and therefore requires further research to understand their formation and minimization. This study reports findings on the effectiveness of oxyfluorinated polypropylene fibres to control plastic shrinkage cracks, and the effect the addition of ultra-fine material has on the formation and/or propagation of these cracks. Findings indicate that low volume dosages (2 kg/m³), of oxyfluorinated polypropylene fibre significantly reduced the formation of plastic shrinkage cracks under test conditions. Furthermore, that the addition of ultra-fine material in excess of 63 kg/m³ increased the formation and/or development of plastic shrinkage cracks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kluyts, Grant
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Concrete roads -- South Africa -- Design and construction , Fiber-reinforced concrete , Reinforced concrete -- Cracking , Concrete -- Expansion and contraction , Polypropylene fibers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9592 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/174 , Concrete roads -- South Africa -- Design and construction , Fiber-reinforced concrete , Reinforced concrete -- Cracking , Concrete -- Expansion and contraction , Polypropylene fibers
- Description: Plastic shrinkage cracks, although not inherently structurally debilitating, expose the reinforcement in low-volume reinforced concrete roads to deleterious substances, which may reduce its effectiveness leading ultimately to structural failure. In un-reinforced low-volume concrete road these cracks appear unsightly and cause the road user an unpleasant riding experience. Many researchers believe that plastic shrinkage crack development remains a concern to the concrete industry, occurring in particularly large–area pours such as low-volume concrete roads, and therefore requires further research to understand their formation and minimization. This study reports findings on the effectiveness of oxyfluorinated polypropylene fibres to control plastic shrinkage cracks, and the effect the addition of ultra-fine material has on the formation and/or propagation of these cracks. Findings indicate that low volume dosages (2 kg/m³), of oxyfluorinated polypropylene fibre significantly reduced the formation of plastic shrinkage cracks under test conditions. Furthermore, that the addition of ultra-fine material in excess of 63 kg/m³ increased the formation and/or development of plastic shrinkage cracks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
The development of independent contractors within the Working for Water Programme over a twenty-four month period : a programme evaluation : Western region, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Knipe, Andrew
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Working for Water Programme Contractors -- South Africa Construction contracts -- South Africa Business enterprises, Black -- South Africa Employee empowerment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:799 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004916
- Description: This research is concerned with the development of independent contractors within the Working for Water Programme over a twenty-four month period. The meaningful participation of previously disadvantaged South Africans fall within the ambit of black economic empowerment. The Government Gazette (1997: No. 1820) defines black economic empowerment as a deliberate programme to achieve the meaningful participation of disadvantaged South Africans in the mainstream economy as managers, owners of capital and employees. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the contractors within the Western Region of the Eastern Cape, in order to assess how they have developed as independent contractors within the developmental framework provided by the Working for Water Programme. This developmental framework takes place over a 462-day period or roughly 24 months. The evaluation aimed to determine whether the two-year development period sufficiently prepared contractors for competition in the open market and if contractors had acquired the necessary skills to run a successful business. A formative programme evaluation was used as a tool of analysis to identify areas of weakness and establish priorities for improvement. A qualitative research approach was followed, guided by an adapted version of the Context, Input, Process and Product approach to evaluation (Parlett and Hamilton cited in Calder, 1995, p.25). Using structured interviews comprising of closed and open ended questions, data was gathered from thirty contractors, five managers and one Senior Executive Officer within the Western Region of the Eastern Cape. An interview was also conducted with the Regional Programme leader of the Eastern Cape. Further data collection techniques included documentary research. Data was analysed using qualitative data analysis techniques described by Thorne (1997, p.118), as relying on inductive reasoning to interpret and structure the meanings that can be derived from the data. Passages of interest were marked so that the data could be reduced to a manageable size as described by Seidman (1991, p.91-1 01) and various categories were developed that had commonalties and thematic connections. The Working for Water Programme aims to exit contractors successfully after a twenty-four month developmental period. The Working for Water Programme has formalised its development framework through a training matrix in which the required training at contractor level is outlined. The finding of the research is that the current contractor development programme do not adequately prepare contractors for independence and entrepreneurship in a competitive market. There is no co-ordinated development of predetermined skills. Contractors are not able to articulate what their plans are after exit from the WFW Programme. No concrete evidence of actively pursuing alternative contract opportunities was evident from contractors who were about to exit the Programme and there is no person to champion the cause of meaningful post exit opportunities. The main recommendations from this research are that contractors be selected via an application system rather that appointment through steering committees. Selected contractors must be medically fit and at least have a matriculation certificate. Contractors should be assessed on a 6-monthly basis and contractors not achieving a minimum competency level must be removed from the programme. Managers should also have basic competency levels in order to facilitate skill transfer through a mentorship process. The charge out rate of equipment should be revised every six months. The charge out rates should also be increased significantly to cater for the harsh conditions under which contractors are operational. A "champion" needs to be appointed which will actively seek exit opportunities for trained contractors. This person will also seek to develop functional partnerships with various private and government institutions to create opportunities for exited contractors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Knipe, Andrew
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Working for Water Programme Contractors -- South Africa Construction contracts -- South Africa Business enterprises, Black -- South Africa Employee empowerment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:799 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004916
- Description: This research is concerned with the development of independent contractors within the Working for Water Programme over a twenty-four month period. The meaningful participation of previously disadvantaged South Africans fall within the ambit of black economic empowerment. The Government Gazette (1997: No. 1820) defines black economic empowerment as a deliberate programme to achieve the meaningful participation of disadvantaged South Africans in the mainstream economy as managers, owners of capital and employees. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the contractors within the Western Region of the Eastern Cape, in order to assess how they have developed as independent contractors within the developmental framework provided by the Working for Water Programme. This developmental framework takes place over a 462-day period or roughly 24 months. The evaluation aimed to determine whether the two-year development period sufficiently prepared contractors for competition in the open market and if contractors had acquired the necessary skills to run a successful business. A formative programme evaluation was used as a tool of analysis to identify areas of weakness and establish priorities for improvement. A qualitative research approach was followed, guided by an adapted version of the Context, Input, Process and Product approach to evaluation (Parlett and Hamilton cited in Calder, 1995, p.25). Using structured interviews comprising of closed and open ended questions, data was gathered from thirty contractors, five managers and one Senior Executive Officer within the Western Region of the Eastern Cape. An interview was also conducted with the Regional Programme leader of the Eastern Cape. Further data collection techniques included documentary research. Data was analysed using qualitative data analysis techniques described by Thorne (1997, p.118), as relying on inductive reasoning to interpret and structure the meanings that can be derived from the data. Passages of interest were marked so that the data could be reduced to a manageable size as described by Seidman (1991, p.91-1 01) and various categories were developed that had commonalties and thematic connections. The Working for Water Programme aims to exit contractors successfully after a twenty-four month developmental period. The Working for Water Programme has formalised its development framework through a training matrix in which the required training at contractor level is outlined. The finding of the research is that the current contractor development programme do not adequately prepare contractors for independence and entrepreneurship in a competitive market. There is no co-ordinated development of predetermined skills. Contractors are not able to articulate what their plans are after exit from the WFW Programme. No concrete evidence of actively pursuing alternative contract opportunities was evident from contractors who were about to exit the Programme and there is no person to champion the cause of meaningful post exit opportunities. The main recommendations from this research are that contractors be selected via an application system rather that appointment through steering committees. Selected contractors must be medically fit and at least have a matriculation certificate. Contractors should be assessed on a 6-monthly basis and contractors not achieving a minimum competency level must be removed from the programme. Managers should also have basic competency levels in order to facilitate skill transfer through a mentorship process. The charge out rate of equipment should be revised every six months. The charge out rates should also be increased significantly to cater for the harsh conditions under which contractors are operational. A "champion" needs to be appointed which will actively seek exit opportunities for trained contractors. This person will also seek to develop functional partnerships with various private and government institutions to create opportunities for exited contractors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
The mining and visualisation of application services data
- Authors: Knoetze, Ronald Morgan
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Data mining -- South Africa , Computer algorithms , Network performance (Telecommunication) -- Research -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10480 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/451 , Data mining -- South Africa , Computer algorithms , Network performance (Telecommunication) -- Research -- South Africa
- Description: Many network monitoring tools do not provide sufficiently in-depth and useful reports on network usage, particularly in the domain of application services data. The optimisation of network performance is only possible if the networks are monitored effectively. Techniques that identify patterns of network usage can assist in the successful monitoring of network performance. The main goal of this research was to propose a model to mine and visualise application services data in order to support effective network management. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, a prototype, called NetPatterns, was developed using data for the Integrated Tertiary Software (ITS) application service collected by a network monitoring tool on the NMMU South Campus network. Three data mining algorithms for application services data were identified for the proposed model. The data mining algorithms used are classification (decision tree), clustering (K-Means) and association (correlation). Classifying application services data serves to categorise combinations of network attributes to highlight areas of poor network performance. The clustering of network attributes serves to indicate sparse and dense regions within the application services data. Association indicates the existence of any interesting relationships between different network attributes. Three visualisation techniques were selected to visualise the results of the data mining algorithms. The visualisation techniques selected were the organisation chart, bubble chart and scatterplots. Colour and a variety of other visual cues are used to complement the selected visualisation techniques. The effectiveness and usefulness of NetPatterns was determined by means of user testing. The results of the evaluation clearly show that the participants were highly satisfied with the visualisation of network usage presented by NetPatterns. All participants successfully completed the prescribed tasks and indicated that NetPatterns is a useful tool for the analysis of network usage patterns.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Knoetze, Ronald Morgan
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Data mining -- South Africa , Computer algorithms , Network performance (Telecommunication) -- Research -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10480 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/451 , Data mining -- South Africa , Computer algorithms , Network performance (Telecommunication) -- Research -- South Africa
- Description: Many network monitoring tools do not provide sufficiently in-depth and useful reports on network usage, particularly in the domain of application services data. The optimisation of network performance is only possible if the networks are monitored effectively. Techniques that identify patterns of network usage can assist in the successful monitoring of network performance. The main goal of this research was to propose a model to mine and visualise application services data in order to support effective network management. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, a prototype, called NetPatterns, was developed using data for the Integrated Tertiary Software (ITS) application service collected by a network monitoring tool on the NMMU South Campus network. Three data mining algorithms for application services data were identified for the proposed model. The data mining algorithms used are classification (decision tree), clustering (K-Means) and association (correlation). Classifying application services data serves to categorise combinations of network attributes to highlight areas of poor network performance. The clustering of network attributes serves to indicate sparse and dense regions within the application services data. Association indicates the existence of any interesting relationships between different network attributes. Three visualisation techniques were selected to visualise the results of the data mining algorithms. The visualisation techniques selected were the organisation chart, bubble chart and scatterplots. Colour and a variety of other visual cues are used to complement the selected visualisation techniques. The effectiveness and usefulness of NetPatterns was determined by means of user testing. The results of the evaluation clearly show that the participants were highly satisfied with the visualisation of network usage presented by NetPatterns. All participants successfully completed the prescribed tasks and indicated that NetPatterns is a useful tool for the analysis of network usage patterns.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
An analysis of key factors responsible for and influencing the rate of employee absenteeism in the construction sector with specific reference to the Ngqura Harbour project
- Authors: Koen-Müller, Magdel
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Absenteeism (Labor) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Construction industry -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:9263 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/152 , Absenteeism (Labor) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Construction industry -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: Absenteeism places huge financial burdens on organisations and has a detrimental effect on productivity. Aware of the direct and indirect costs associated with absenteeism, management must determine what factors are responsible for the absenteeism and how these factors can be rectified in order to reduce the rate of employee absenteeism in the organisation. The study’s main aims were firstly to determine which key factors are responsible for employees being absent from work and secondly, how they can be rectified in order to reduce absenteeism. From the data that was obtained from the literature study stress, substance abuse, lack of job commitment and organisational factors account for some reasons given for absenteeism. Employee absenteeism may also be partly due to not enough emphasis being placed on career development, staff retention and salaries. Other causes of absenteeism include personal responsibilities, lack of motivation and low morale in the workplace. Only recently have managers become aware of the true impact which alcohol and substance abuse have on organisations. More productivity is lost through on-the-job absenteeism than due to any other single factor. On-the-job absenteeism is difficult to define and very difficult to identify. Such absenteeism includes the presence of employees at work while they are sick but incapable of performing to their true capabilities – this often occurring on Mondays or Fridays or the day after payday. With current staff retention programs, mergers and joint ventures, organisations now demand the same level of production with fewer employees. This has given rise to an increase in the level of stress employees experience, which led to stress becoming a key factor responsible for absenteeism. When managing absenteeism the implementation of a proper measurement system is essential. This will enable the company to determine the extent of their absenteeism. An evaluation and comparison of these statistics over a period of time will also shed light on the nature of the absenteeism. These will result in the proactive handling of a company’s absenteeism. This is also the first step away from the acceptance of absenteeism and subsequently the nurturing of an absence culture. Employers can take a number of steps to reduce absenteeism, such as giving responsibility for absence management to senior or human resource managers rather than line managers, introducing return to work interviews, introducing discipline procedures and others. The great majority of absence management solutions completely overlook organisational factors, instead focusing on individual, claim processing and health-related factors in the quest to reduce lost productive days. Absence management programs should focus on organisational (not individual) drivers of absence to encourage a present and committed workforce. Absenteeism will never be eradicated, but through careful management organisations can reduce the absentee rate and the effect it has on the organization.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Koen-Müller, Magdel
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Absenteeism (Labor) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Construction industry -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:9263 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/152 , Absenteeism (Labor) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Construction industry -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: Absenteeism places huge financial burdens on organisations and has a detrimental effect on productivity. Aware of the direct and indirect costs associated with absenteeism, management must determine what factors are responsible for the absenteeism and how these factors can be rectified in order to reduce the rate of employee absenteeism in the organisation. The study’s main aims were firstly to determine which key factors are responsible for employees being absent from work and secondly, how they can be rectified in order to reduce absenteeism. From the data that was obtained from the literature study stress, substance abuse, lack of job commitment and organisational factors account for some reasons given for absenteeism. Employee absenteeism may also be partly due to not enough emphasis being placed on career development, staff retention and salaries. Other causes of absenteeism include personal responsibilities, lack of motivation and low morale in the workplace. Only recently have managers become aware of the true impact which alcohol and substance abuse have on organisations. More productivity is lost through on-the-job absenteeism than due to any other single factor. On-the-job absenteeism is difficult to define and very difficult to identify. Such absenteeism includes the presence of employees at work while they are sick but incapable of performing to their true capabilities – this often occurring on Mondays or Fridays or the day after payday. With current staff retention programs, mergers and joint ventures, organisations now demand the same level of production with fewer employees. This has given rise to an increase in the level of stress employees experience, which led to stress becoming a key factor responsible for absenteeism. When managing absenteeism the implementation of a proper measurement system is essential. This will enable the company to determine the extent of their absenteeism. An evaluation and comparison of these statistics over a period of time will also shed light on the nature of the absenteeism. These will result in the proactive handling of a company’s absenteeism. This is also the first step away from the acceptance of absenteeism and subsequently the nurturing of an absence culture. Employers can take a number of steps to reduce absenteeism, such as giving responsibility for absence management to senior or human resource managers rather than line managers, introducing return to work interviews, introducing discipline procedures and others. The great majority of absence management solutions completely overlook organisational factors, instead focusing on individual, claim processing and health-related factors in the quest to reduce lost productive days. Absence management programs should focus on organisational (not individual) drivers of absence to encourage a present and committed workforce. Absenteeism will never be eradicated, but through careful management organisations can reduce the absentee rate and the effect it has on the organization.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
An investigation of the development and adoption of educational metadata standards for the widespread use of learning objects
- Authors: Krull, Greig Emil
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Metadata , Internet in education , Web databases , Education -- Standards , Educational technology , Computer-assisted instruction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1142 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002771 , Metadata , Internet in education , Web databases , Education -- Standards , Educational technology , Computer-assisted instruction
- Description: This research investigates the development and adoption of educational metadata standards for the widespread use of learning objects. Learning objects, metadata, the related IEEE standard and the various application profiles derived from the standard are discussed. A number of standards and specifications for educational metadata used to describe learning objects are explored, namely the Dublin Core, IMS, SCORM, ARIADNE, CanCore and the UK LOM Core. Three metadata editors and the experience with using one of them, RELOAD, is described. These educational metadata specifications are used in a practical metadata implementation scenario and the experiences are extrapolated to derive a localised instance of the generic IEEE standard. A new application profile is proposed, “RU LOM Core”, for the South African higher education context. Some existing results are confirmed about the complexity of using the IEEE standard and it is demonstrated that it is possible to instantiate the standard for South African conditions. The results are largely qualitative and based on practical experience. However, the results concur with results from related research. Although the development of an application profile is certainly not new, the development of RU LOM Core illustrates that the IEEE standard, developed largely within the northern hemisphere, can be adapted to work in the South African scenario. RU LOM Core has been developed for the South African higher education environment and takes linguistic and cultural diversity and the low rate of technological literacy into consideration. The lessons learned and the proposed LOM core can be built upon in further research and collaboration to use and support the use of such standards within South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Krull, Greig Emil
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Metadata , Internet in education , Web databases , Education -- Standards , Educational technology , Computer-assisted instruction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1142 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002771 , Metadata , Internet in education , Web databases , Education -- Standards , Educational technology , Computer-assisted instruction
- Description: This research investigates the development and adoption of educational metadata standards for the widespread use of learning objects. Learning objects, metadata, the related IEEE standard and the various application profiles derived from the standard are discussed. A number of standards and specifications for educational metadata used to describe learning objects are explored, namely the Dublin Core, IMS, SCORM, ARIADNE, CanCore and the UK LOM Core. Three metadata editors and the experience with using one of them, RELOAD, is described. These educational metadata specifications are used in a practical metadata implementation scenario and the experiences are extrapolated to derive a localised instance of the generic IEEE standard. A new application profile is proposed, “RU LOM Core”, for the South African higher education context. Some existing results are confirmed about the complexity of using the IEEE standard and it is demonstrated that it is possible to instantiate the standard for South African conditions. The results are largely qualitative and based on practical experience. However, the results concur with results from related research. Although the development of an application profile is certainly not new, the development of RU LOM Core illustrates that the IEEE standard, developed largely within the northern hemisphere, can be adapted to work in the South African scenario. RU LOM Core has been developed for the South African higher education environment and takes linguistic and cultural diversity and the low rate of technological literacy into consideration. The lessons learned and the proposed LOM core can be built upon in further research and collaboration to use and support the use of such standards within South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005