Dietary diversity amongst adults who buy at shopping malls in the Nelson Mandela Bay area
- Authors: De Bruin, Eunice Mari
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Nutrition -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Older people -- Nutrition Diet Food security -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15027 , vital:28114
- Description: Background: Assessing the level of dietary diversity and contributing factors that influence the level of dietary diversity amongst adults can highlight gaps in nutrition interventions, policies and programmes, which aim at combating the double burden of malnutrition. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine which factors and relationships affect the level of dietary diversity of adults in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. Design: An exploratory comparative, cross-sectional, quantitative study design with a qualitative component that was utilised. Both interviewer- and participantadministered questionnaire sections were applied. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Statistica Version 12, Microsoft Office Excel 2007, Spearman rho correlation co-efficient and Pearson’s chi-square test (p-value <0.05). Participants and setting: A convenience-stratified sample (n=480) was used, consisting of adults who reside and shop at shopping centres in the Nelson Mandela area, after obtaining informed consent. Results: The findings indicated that adults in the Nelson Mandela Bay area who shopped at shopping malls had a medium level of dietary diversity. The dietary patterns found were not in line with the South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines. The most consumed food items were ‘cereals' (95%), 'sweetening agents and sweets' (89%) and ‘spices, condiments and beverages’ (87%). Fruit (45,2%) and vegetables (64,8%) were generally poorly consumed. Significance was shown as having an effect on the level of dietary diversity for factors such as ethnicity, level of education, amount of money spent on food purchase per month, distance travelled to purchase food, and nutrition knowledge. Conclusion: The study suggests that adults living in the Nelson Mandela Bay area have a medium level of dietary diversity, with practices that are not in line with the recommended South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines. Strategies, including nutrition education promotion and the implementation of current policies, programmes and interventions, should be implemented and/or strengthened to encourage behaviour change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: De Bruin, Eunice Mari
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Nutrition -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Older people -- Nutrition Diet Food security -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15027 , vital:28114
- Description: Background: Assessing the level of dietary diversity and contributing factors that influence the level of dietary diversity amongst adults can highlight gaps in nutrition interventions, policies and programmes, which aim at combating the double burden of malnutrition. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine which factors and relationships affect the level of dietary diversity of adults in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. Design: An exploratory comparative, cross-sectional, quantitative study design with a qualitative component that was utilised. Both interviewer- and participantadministered questionnaire sections were applied. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Statistica Version 12, Microsoft Office Excel 2007, Spearman rho correlation co-efficient and Pearson’s chi-square test (p-value <0.05). Participants and setting: A convenience-stratified sample (n=480) was used, consisting of adults who reside and shop at shopping centres in the Nelson Mandela area, after obtaining informed consent. Results: The findings indicated that adults in the Nelson Mandela Bay area who shopped at shopping malls had a medium level of dietary diversity. The dietary patterns found were not in line with the South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines. The most consumed food items were ‘cereals' (95%), 'sweetening agents and sweets' (89%) and ‘spices, condiments and beverages’ (87%). Fruit (45,2%) and vegetables (64,8%) were generally poorly consumed. Significance was shown as having an effect on the level of dietary diversity for factors such as ethnicity, level of education, amount of money spent on food purchase per month, distance travelled to purchase food, and nutrition knowledge. Conclusion: The study suggests that adults living in the Nelson Mandela Bay area have a medium level of dietary diversity, with practices that are not in line with the recommended South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines. Strategies, including nutrition education promotion and the implementation of current policies, programmes and interventions, should be implemented and/or strengthened to encourage behaviour change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Psychological and emotional effects of repeated exposure to violent crimes on victims residing in a high crime community in Nelson Mandela Metropolitan in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: De Klerk, Ulricha
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46413 , vital:39582
- Description: Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). While the literature provides detailed and comprehensive approaches and counselling modalities to working with clients who experience traumatic events, there is not much evidence on the experiences of individuals who reside in high crime communities. It follows, that the psychological and emotional experiences, as well as needs of such individuals may present with specific requirements from the therapeutic alliance. This study aimed to explore the psychological and emotional effects of repeated exposure to high crime and violence and the implications this posed to traumatic experiences. The study further aimed to develop a set of guidelines that can be drawn upon when working therapeutically with clients who reside in high crime communities. The study draws on a qualitative methodology and 17 participants were interviewed. The transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and five themes were identified, relevant to the aims and objectives that were set. The findings suggest that the psychological and emotional experiences of individuals who reside in high crime communities, is experienced at a more heightened and prolonged period, thus making the psychotherapeutic intervention employed, more specific. To this effect, the guidelines developed provide specific strategies and approaches thatwere developed based on the themes identified and verified by a panel of psychological experts. The study contributes to the field of trauma, counselling and violence, in that it focuses on an area of trauma that has not been adequately focused on withinthe South African context, as well as in global contexts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: De Klerk, Ulricha
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46413 , vital:39582
- Description: Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). While the literature provides detailed and comprehensive approaches and counselling modalities to working with clients who experience traumatic events, there is not much evidence on the experiences of individuals who reside in high crime communities. It follows, that the psychological and emotional experiences, as well as needs of such individuals may present with specific requirements from the therapeutic alliance. This study aimed to explore the psychological and emotional effects of repeated exposure to high crime and violence and the implications this posed to traumatic experiences. The study further aimed to develop a set of guidelines that can be drawn upon when working therapeutically with clients who reside in high crime communities. The study draws on a qualitative methodology and 17 participants were interviewed. The transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and five themes were identified, relevant to the aims and objectives that were set. The findings suggest that the psychological and emotional experiences of individuals who reside in high crime communities, is experienced at a more heightened and prolonged period, thus making the psychotherapeutic intervention employed, more specific. To this effect, the guidelines developed provide specific strategies and approaches thatwere developed based on the themes identified and verified by a panel of psychological experts. The study contributes to the field of trauma, counselling and violence, in that it focuses on an area of trauma that has not been adequately focused on withinthe South African context, as well as in global contexts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Factors contributing to occupational stress in student support staff in a Further Education and Training (FET) College in the Southern Cape
- Authors: De Klerk, Ulricha
- Subjects: Work -- Psychological aspects , Job stress -- South Africa -- Western Cape , College students -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:10085 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020806
- Description: The main purpose of this study is to explore the factors that contribute to occupational stress as experienced by the Student Support staff in a Further Education and Training (FET) College in the Southern Cape. The Student Support staff has displayed many symptoms of stress over the past few years. This in turn has led to absenteeism, change in staff temperament, their feelings towards the College, motivation levels and a significant change in the staff’s day to day operations. Although the Head of Department for Student Support Services has engaged with the staff on numerous occasions to discuss the reasons for their experience of stress, no substantial reasons could be established in order to make the necessary changes in the department. No interventions that have been implemented to date have relieved the staff’s experience of stress. The researcher chose to use a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design to gain insight into the situation or phenomenon in order to identify the factors contributing to occupational stress and to identify measures that can be implemented to reduce occupational stress in the Student Support staff. The participants in this research included at least 10 Student Support staff within the Student Support Services Department at a Further Education and Training College in the Southern Cape. Purposive sampling was used in this research study. Interviews will continue until data saturation is achieved. The staff members must have been employed for at least one year in the Student Support Services Department. The researcher will make use of semi-structured interviews, observations and field notes. The data will be systematically collected and meanings, themes and general descriptions of the experience analysed within the specific context (de Vos, Strydom, Fouche & Delport, 2005). The researcher will make use of Tesch’s method of analysis, and use Guba’s strategies for ensuring Trustworthiness. The researcher will apply the ethical considerations of confidentiality, informed consent, ethical approval from relevant institutions, avoidance of harm to participants, truthfulness and the debriefing of participants when conducting this study. The findings were reported as three major themes and subthemes. The three major themes were; Student support staff identified several factors that contributed to occupational stress, Student support staff identified the effect that occupational stress has on them, Student support staff offered suggestions that the college could implement to reduce occupational stress. These themes were discussed and analysed in-depth.
- Full Text:
- Authors: De Klerk, Ulricha
- Subjects: Work -- Psychological aspects , Job stress -- South Africa -- Western Cape , College students -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:10085 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020806
- Description: The main purpose of this study is to explore the factors that contribute to occupational stress as experienced by the Student Support staff in a Further Education and Training (FET) College in the Southern Cape. The Student Support staff has displayed many symptoms of stress over the past few years. This in turn has led to absenteeism, change in staff temperament, their feelings towards the College, motivation levels and a significant change in the staff’s day to day operations. Although the Head of Department for Student Support Services has engaged with the staff on numerous occasions to discuss the reasons for their experience of stress, no substantial reasons could be established in order to make the necessary changes in the department. No interventions that have been implemented to date have relieved the staff’s experience of stress. The researcher chose to use a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design to gain insight into the situation or phenomenon in order to identify the factors contributing to occupational stress and to identify measures that can be implemented to reduce occupational stress in the Student Support staff. The participants in this research included at least 10 Student Support staff within the Student Support Services Department at a Further Education and Training College in the Southern Cape. Purposive sampling was used in this research study. Interviews will continue until data saturation is achieved. The staff members must have been employed for at least one year in the Student Support Services Department. The researcher will make use of semi-structured interviews, observations and field notes. The data will be systematically collected and meanings, themes and general descriptions of the experience analysed within the specific context (de Vos, Strydom, Fouche & Delport, 2005). The researcher will make use of Tesch’s method of analysis, and use Guba’s strategies for ensuring Trustworthiness. The researcher will apply the ethical considerations of confidentiality, informed consent, ethical approval from relevant institutions, avoidance of harm to participants, truthfulness and the debriefing of participants when conducting this study. The findings were reported as three major themes and subthemes. The three major themes were; Student support staff identified several factors that contributed to occupational stress, Student support staff identified the effect that occupational stress has on them, Student support staff offered suggestions that the college could implement to reduce occupational stress. These themes were discussed and analysed in-depth.
- Full Text:
Guidelines for the management of patients with diabetes mellitus at health care clinics in the Cacadu region of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- De Mendonça, Hester Magdalena
- Authors: De Mendonça, Hester Magdalena
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Diabetics -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCur
- Identifier: vital:10011 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1017 , Diabetics -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the new epidemic in the world with 246 million people suffering from the disease at the moment and a projected increase to 380 million in 2025 (IDF, 2007b:36). The developing countries are the most vulnerable. Statistics state that SA and Egypt have the most diabetics on the continent. Globally, each year 3,8 million deaths are attributable to DM (IDF, 2007a). The Department of Health (DOH) and the Cacadu District Municipality (Eastern Cape) are serving a population of 102 721 in the Kouga and Koukamma areas, which covers an area of 5 992 km², with health care. There are 22 clinics with 28 registered nurses for all the clinics and between 3 and 9 lay health workers (LHWs) per clinic. For the purpose of this research study, the persons suffering from DM (±3550) in this area were taken into consideration (Strydom, 2005). DM is a chronic disorder and therefore patients should be able to manage their disease pattern for the rest of their lives (Healthline, 2008, Mbanya, 2006:12). In order to achieve this, continuous and effective patient education by health care providers are necessary. This disease affects more and more people each passing day, because of the rapid westernisation of the South African population, leading to more people attending clinics in the public health sector (Bonnici, 2002:32). There are specific guidelines laid down by the Department of Health (DOH) pertaining to the control and management of DM. Guidelines include the early diagnosis, treatment and patient education regarding DM (Department of Health, 1997, [revised 2004]). Evidence from previous research studies showed that not all registered nurses are aware of these guidelines and most have not been educated regarding the utilisation of these guidelines (O’Brien, van Rooyen & Carlson, 2006:36-40). In the clinics, the health care givers are confronted with a number of difficulties, such as a lack of funds to enable them to order adequate equipment and medicine. Another problem is the migration of registered nurses out of the country thus; there is also a shortage of staff to operate these clinics (Mkhize, 2004). The organisational structure in the clinics does not function optimally and there is a lack of communication between provincial, district and clinic level. Due to the above-mentioned challenges there is also a lack of efficient auditing systems to ensure quality assurance. Furthermore, a knowledge deficit pertaining to DM and the management thereof in all the groups participating in this study, namely the registered nurses, the lay health workers (LHWs) and the diabetic patients was found. The empowerment process of the LHW is not explored fully and therefore not executed to its full potential. To be able to improve the management of DM in this region, it is important to know what the difficulties are that the health care givers as well as the patients experience in relation to this issue. This study therefore explored and described these difficulties. The research was based on a qualitative, quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design. Health care givers as well as diabetic patients attending clinics in the Cacadu region of the Eastern Cape have been requested to complete questionnaires pertaining to their knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus. The current organisational structure of the provincial department of health was explored and findings analysed using the activities of the management process (Muller, 2006:106). The SA Government is committed to combining the national human resource development strategy with the rapid upgrading of service delivery to all of the nation’s communities. Stemming from this undertaking, suitable members of the community are to be trained as LHWs. LHWs are to play an integral role in strengthening the abilities of the community to empower themselves to participate and take responsibility for their own health and wellness (Department of Health, 2001a:4). From the research, it was found that the above-mentioned national plan had been implemented, but is not functioning at optimum level due to several shortcomings/deficits. Proposed guidelines were therefore designed to address the shortcomings and fragmentation of the plan. As specific knowledge deficits in DM were identified during this research study, general educational guidelines were included for the registered nurses and the diabetic patients. The LHW was identified as an indispensable link in the chain of efficient health care and therefore, specific educational guidelines on DM were generated to prepare her for the role. With her knowledge, insight into DM and the management thereof and newly required skills in educating and supporting of the patient, she could be an asset in the road to optimum self-care for the diabetic patient.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: De Mendonça, Hester Magdalena
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Diabetics -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCur
- Identifier: vital:10011 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1017 , Diabetics -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the new epidemic in the world with 246 million people suffering from the disease at the moment and a projected increase to 380 million in 2025 (IDF, 2007b:36). The developing countries are the most vulnerable. Statistics state that SA and Egypt have the most diabetics on the continent. Globally, each year 3,8 million deaths are attributable to DM (IDF, 2007a). The Department of Health (DOH) and the Cacadu District Municipality (Eastern Cape) are serving a population of 102 721 in the Kouga and Koukamma areas, which covers an area of 5 992 km², with health care. There are 22 clinics with 28 registered nurses for all the clinics and between 3 and 9 lay health workers (LHWs) per clinic. For the purpose of this research study, the persons suffering from DM (±3550) in this area were taken into consideration (Strydom, 2005). DM is a chronic disorder and therefore patients should be able to manage their disease pattern for the rest of their lives (Healthline, 2008, Mbanya, 2006:12). In order to achieve this, continuous and effective patient education by health care providers are necessary. This disease affects more and more people each passing day, because of the rapid westernisation of the South African population, leading to more people attending clinics in the public health sector (Bonnici, 2002:32). There are specific guidelines laid down by the Department of Health (DOH) pertaining to the control and management of DM. Guidelines include the early diagnosis, treatment and patient education regarding DM (Department of Health, 1997, [revised 2004]). Evidence from previous research studies showed that not all registered nurses are aware of these guidelines and most have not been educated regarding the utilisation of these guidelines (O’Brien, van Rooyen & Carlson, 2006:36-40). In the clinics, the health care givers are confronted with a number of difficulties, such as a lack of funds to enable them to order adequate equipment and medicine. Another problem is the migration of registered nurses out of the country thus; there is also a shortage of staff to operate these clinics (Mkhize, 2004). The organisational structure in the clinics does not function optimally and there is a lack of communication between provincial, district and clinic level. Due to the above-mentioned challenges there is also a lack of efficient auditing systems to ensure quality assurance. Furthermore, a knowledge deficit pertaining to DM and the management thereof in all the groups participating in this study, namely the registered nurses, the lay health workers (LHWs) and the diabetic patients was found. The empowerment process of the LHW is not explored fully and therefore not executed to its full potential. To be able to improve the management of DM in this region, it is important to know what the difficulties are that the health care givers as well as the patients experience in relation to this issue. This study therefore explored and described these difficulties. The research was based on a qualitative, quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design. Health care givers as well as diabetic patients attending clinics in the Cacadu region of the Eastern Cape have been requested to complete questionnaires pertaining to their knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus. The current organisational structure of the provincial department of health was explored and findings analysed using the activities of the management process (Muller, 2006:106). The SA Government is committed to combining the national human resource development strategy with the rapid upgrading of service delivery to all of the nation’s communities. Stemming from this undertaking, suitable members of the community are to be trained as LHWs. LHWs are to play an integral role in strengthening the abilities of the community to empower themselves to participate and take responsibility for their own health and wellness (Department of Health, 2001a:4). From the research, it was found that the above-mentioned national plan had been implemented, but is not functioning at optimum level due to several shortcomings/deficits. Proposed guidelines were therefore designed to address the shortcomings and fragmentation of the plan. As specific knowledge deficits in DM were identified during this research study, general educational guidelines were included for the registered nurses and the diabetic patients. The LHW was identified as an indispensable link in the chain of efficient health care and therefore, specific educational guidelines on DM were generated to prepare her for the role. With her knowledge, insight into DM and the management thereof and newly required skills in educating and supporting of the patient, she could be an asset in the road to optimum self-care for the diabetic patient.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Cultural interpretations of traumatic events and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of IsiXhosa-speaking adults
- Authors: De Villiers, Derika
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder , Emotions and cognition , Psychic trauma
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9878 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008379 , Post-traumatic stress disorder , Emotions and cognition , Psychic trauma
- Description: South Africa as a country is known for its high crime rate which produces an ongoing traumatising environment for its multicultural nation. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the general South African population is thought to be more prevalent than most international norms which make this topic both relevant and important. Cultural diversity is seen to play a role in the experience of PTSD which means that it has become important to gain an understanding of the potential effect of the individual’s cultural background on the processing of a traumatic experience and the symptoms related to the experience. The proposed research focused on appraisals of the traumatic event and symptoms (in schematic and cultural terms). An interpretive (with current cognitive conceptions of the disorder as guiding theory) phenomenological approach was used. The sample consisted of eight isiXhosa-speaking adults that qualified for a diagnosis of PTSD with no prior psychiatric diagnosis. Data was gathered using a semi-structured interview and analysed using the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Results indicated that participants understood their PTSD symptoms in a functional manner but struggled to make sense of their traumatic event. Not understanding their traumatic event was the variable that maintained their PTSD diagnosis. Most of the interpretations made by these participants were fairly universal and there were very few links to content that can directly be attributed to a traditional African worldview. Practitioners may not need to completely reinvent the wheel as far as treatment strategies for PTSD for isiXhosa-speaking individuals in an urban setting go.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: De Villiers, Derika
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder , Emotions and cognition , Psychic trauma
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9878 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008379 , Post-traumatic stress disorder , Emotions and cognition , Psychic trauma
- Description: South Africa as a country is known for its high crime rate which produces an ongoing traumatising environment for its multicultural nation. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the general South African population is thought to be more prevalent than most international norms which make this topic both relevant and important. Cultural diversity is seen to play a role in the experience of PTSD which means that it has become important to gain an understanding of the potential effect of the individual’s cultural background on the processing of a traumatic experience and the symptoms related to the experience. The proposed research focused on appraisals of the traumatic event and symptoms (in schematic and cultural terms). An interpretive (with current cognitive conceptions of the disorder as guiding theory) phenomenological approach was used. The sample consisted of eight isiXhosa-speaking adults that qualified for a diagnosis of PTSD with no prior psychiatric diagnosis. Data was gathered using a semi-structured interview and analysed using the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Results indicated that participants understood their PTSD symptoms in a functional manner but struggled to make sense of their traumatic event. Not understanding their traumatic event was the variable that maintained their PTSD diagnosis. Most of the interpretations made by these participants were fairly universal and there were very few links to content that can directly be attributed to a traditional African worldview. Practitioners may not need to completely reinvent the wheel as far as treatment strategies for PTSD for isiXhosa-speaking individuals in an urban setting go.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An interpretive phenomenological analysis of change in attitudes and beliefs toward domestic violence and rape myths as experienced by Eastern Cape adolescents
- Authors: De Vries, Lauré
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Violence in children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Violence -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Psychological aspects Women -- Violence against Children -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39436 , vital:35246
- Description: Although there is extensive research focused on decreasing the occurrence of gender-based violence (GBV) (domestic violence and rape) with a focus on underlying attitudes and beliefs, no attention is given to how these attitudes and beliefs and change therein, is experienced. This study aimed to address this gap by interviewing three adolescent learners (one female and two males aged 16 to 18) who formed part of a community-based rape prevention project at their school in Motherwell (Eastern Cape). By utilizing Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the researcher explored and described lived experiences in terms of change in attitudes toward domestic violence (objective 1) and beliefs about rape myths (objective 2). Analytic attention was not restricted to the perceived influence of the attended rape prevention project but was given to broader lived experiences. The Transtheoretical Model of Change was employed as the theoretical framework. From the findings, the researcher argues that the three participants experienced a shift from the precontemplation stage toward the action stage. Participants described change from a disengaged but concerned onlooker, to a conscious onlooker, and finally to a willing agent of change. Through the interplay of change influencers deeply embedded in their social context, participants described not only individual change, but also the awakening of an internal willingness to effect broader social change. However, participants raised concerns about their ability to do so. The results of this small study with a cohort of adolescents may have important implications for future research, as adolescents are often an untapped resource in forming part of the larger movement toward social change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: De Vries, Lauré
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Violence in children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Violence -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Psychological aspects Women -- Violence against Children -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39436 , vital:35246
- Description: Although there is extensive research focused on decreasing the occurrence of gender-based violence (GBV) (domestic violence and rape) with a focus on underlying attitudes and beliefs, no attention is given to how these attitudes and beliefs and change therein, is experienced. This study aimed to address this gap by interviewing three adolescent learners (one female and two males aged 16 to 18) who formed part of a community-based rape prevention project at their school in Motherwell (Eastern Cape). By utilizing Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the researcher explored and described lived experiences in terms of change in attitudes toward domestic violence (objective 1) and beliefs about rape myths (objective 2). Analytic attention was not restricted to the perceived influence of the attended rape prevention project but was given to broader lived experiences. The Transtheoretical Model of Change was employed as the theoretical framework. From the findings, the researcher argues that the three participants experienced a shift from the precontemplation stage toward the action stage. Participants described change from a disengaged but concerned onlooker, to a conscious onlooker, and finally to a willing agent of change. Through the interplay of change influencers deeply embedded in their social context, participants described not only individual change, but also the awakening of an internal willingness to effect broader social change. However, participants raised concerns about their ability to do so. The results of this small study with a cohort of adolescents may have important implications for future research, as adolescents are often an untapped resource in forming part of the larger movement toward social change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Cross-cultural differences: the experiences, challenges and strengths for partners in committed interacial relationships
- De Vries, Tielke Anna Eveline
- Authors: De Vries, Tielke Anna Eveline
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Interacial marriage -- Cross-cultural studies , Interethnic marriage -- Cross-cultural studies , Couples
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9995 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008193 , Interacial marriage -- Cross-cultural studies , Interethnic marriage -- Cross-cultural studies , Couples
- Description: The topic of interpersonal relationships and the factors that enhance the longevity and strength of these have been well documented. Whilst there has been a steady increase in the occurrence of interracial relationships, it has not been matched by an increase in studies on the phenomenon and indeed very little empirical attention has been given to these relationships. Leslie and Letiecq (2004) highlight that the existing research on the phenomenon focuses primarily on the reasons individuals select partners outside of their own racial group. As interracial marriages are reportedly more vulnerable to divorce than marriages among same-race individuals, it seems important to examine the dynamics and quality of interracial relationships (Leslie & Letiecq, 2004). The goal of the study was therefore to explore the cross-cultural differences that inform the experiences, challenges, and strengths for partners in committed interracial relationships. In this qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study, the author has explored and described the specific cross-cultural differences that the couple has encountered in their relationship and the impact that these differences have had on the quality of their relationship. Furthermore the study aimed to explore and describe the strengths the couple has drawn from these cross-cultural differences to enhance the quality of their relationship. A combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques has been utilised to identify interracial couples who have been in a committed monogamous relationship of at least one year. The sample consisted of eleven individuals. Semi-structured individual interviews were utilised as the data collection tool, and Tesch‟s model of data analysis (in Creswell, 1998) has been employed. This model of data analysis consists of eight steps that have been used to analyse the data. Five themes emerged from the study: (1) cultural difference factors, (2) negative factors that influence the couple‟s coping with cultural differences, (3) positive factors that influence the couple‟s coping with cultural differences, (4) factors relating to cultural differences that strengthen the relationship and (5) recommendations to other interracial couples. The findings of the study make a meaningful contribution to couple counselling interventions for interracial couples, and also add to the body of knowledge on this sparsely researched topic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: De Vries, Tielke Anna Eveline
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Interacial marriage -- Cross-cultural studies , Interethnic marriage -- Cross-cultural studies , Couples
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9995 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008193 , Interacial marriage -- Cross-cultural studies , Interethnic marriage -- Cross-cultural studies , Couples
- Description: The topic of interpersonal relationships and the factors that enhance the longevity and strength of these have been well documented. Whilst there has been a steady increase in the occurrence of interracial relationships, it has not been matched by an increase in studies on the phenomenon and indeed very little empirical attention has been given to these relationships. Leslie and Letiecq (2004) highlight that the existing research on the phenomenon focuses primarily on the reasons individuals select partners outside of their own racial group. As interracial marriages are reportedly more vulnerable to divorce than marriages among same-race individuals, it seems important to examine the dynamics and quality of interracial relationships (Leslie & Letiecq, 2004). The goal of the study was therefore to explore the cross-cultural differences that inform the experiences, challenges, and strengths for partners in committed interracial relationships. In this qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study, the author has explored and described the specific cross-cultural differences that the couple has encountered in their relationship and the impact that these differences have had on the quality of their relationship. Furthermore the study aimed to explore and describe the strengths the couple has drawn from these cross-cultural differences to enhance the quality of their relationship. A combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques has been utilised to identify interracial couples who have been in a committed monogamous relationship of at least one year. The sample consisted of eleven individuals. Semi-structured individual interviews were utilised as the data collection tool, and Tesch‟s model of data analysis (in Creswell, 1998) has been employed. This model of data analysis consists of eight steps that have been used to analyse the data. Five themes emerged from the study: (1) cultural difference factors, (2) negative factors that influence the couple‟s coping with cultural differences, (3) positive factors that influence the couple‟s coping with cultural differences, (4) factors relating to cultural differences that strengthen the relationship and (5) recommendations to other interracial couples. The findings of the study make a meaningful contribution to couple counselling interventions for interracial couples, and also add to the body of knowledge on this sparsely researched topic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
A psychobiographical study of Maya Angelo
- Authors: De Waal, Leandra
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Angelou, Maya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46341 , vital:39569
- Description: Psychobiographies aim to gain a deeper understanding into the lives of notable or notorious individuals through the lens of a psychological theory. Thisstudy aimedto gain insight into the personality development of Maya Angelou through the useof Erikson’s Theory of PsychosocialDevelopment. The study exploresand describesher life experiences in terms of this theory, and understandsher life within her socio-historical context. Angelou is a renowned literary figure. Herjourney to becoming a writer was an arduous one, marked by great hardships from an early age. Despite early parental abandonment, childhood rape, exposure to racism, and difficulties in romantic relationships, she developed into a healthy adult who achieved much literary success and inspired individuals worldwide.Nonprobability purposive sampling was used to selectAngelou as the subjectand was madeon the basis of the researcher’s interest in Angelou’s life history.Datawas collected by triangulating multiple sources of informationand analysed using the approach developed by Miles and Huberman, which involves threesteps: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification.The main findings suggest that Angelou progressed through Erikson’s eight stages successfully, despite some delays in negotiations of crises.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: De Waal, Leandra
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Angelou, Maya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46341 , vital:39569
- Description: Psychobiographies aim to gain a deeper understanding into the lives of notable or notorious individuals through the lens of a psychological theory. Thisstudy aimedto gain insight into the personality development of Maya Angelou through the useof Erikson’s Theory of PsychosocialDevelopment. The study exploresand describesher life experiences in terms of this theory, and understandsher life within her socio-historical context. Angelou is a renowned literary figure. Herjourney to becoming a writer was an arduous one, marked by great hardships from an early age. Despite early parental abandonment, childhood rape, exposure to racism, and difficulties in romantic relationships, she developed into a healthy adult who achieved much literary success and inspired individuals worldwide.Nonprobability purposive sampling was used to selectAngelou as the subjectand was madeon the basis of the researcher’s interest in Angelou’s life history.Datawas collected by triangulating multiple sources of informationand analysed using the approach developed by Miles and Huberman, which involves threesteps: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification.The main findings suggest that Angelou progressed through Erikson’s eight stages successfully, despite some delays in negotiations of crises.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Die ervaring van die geregistreerde verpleegkundedosent ten opsigte van die kliniese begeleiding van verpleegstudente
- Authors: De Wet, Annemie
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Nursing students , Mentoring in nursing -- South Africa
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10053 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1018275
- Description: Die doel van die studie was om vas te stel hoe die verpleegkundedosent die begeleiding van verpleegstudente in die praktyk ervaar. In die verlede was begeleiding van verpleegstudente met praktika in gesondheidsorginstansies deur ʼn professionele verpleegkundige gedoen wat deel was van die personeel se verantwoordelikhede. Die verpleegstudente doen hul teoretiese kennis op by ʼn tersiêre instansie en verkry hul praktiese kennis by ʼn geakkrediteerde gesondheidsorginstansie soos vereis deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Raad op Verpleging (SARV). Een van die take van ‘n verpleegkundedosent van die privaat opleidingskool is om die kliniese begeleiding van verpleegstudente in geakkrediteerde instellings te doen. Omdat verpleging ʼn beroep is waar vaardighede belangrik is, is praktiese inoefening van prosedures en evaluering van die verpleegstudente se vaardigheid daarin noodsaaklik. Die verpleegstudente is heeltyd besig met die pasiënte in die vorm van prosedures waarby die teorie wat in die opleidingskool verkry was, gekorreleer moet word met die prosedure om die hele prentjie te vorm. Dit is dus nodig dat begeleiding van die verpleegstudente gedoen moet word om vaardigheid en toepassing van kennis te verseker. Die navorser het ʼn kwalitatiewe, ondersoekende, beskrywende en kontekstuele studie gedoen waarvan die populasie die geregistreerde dosente van verskeie provinsiale en privaatverpleegskole in die Klein-Karoo en Suid-kaapdistrikte was. Die navorser het gebruik gemaak van ʼn nie-waarskynlike steekproef. Inligtingryke data was ingesamel deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude wat aangevul was met veldnotas soos verkry tydens onderhoude. Data-ontleding was reeds begin met data-insameling en Tesch se inhoudsontleding was gebruik om ʼn mening te vorm. ‘n Literatuurkontrole was gedoen om te bepaal wat vorige navorsing oor begeleiding bevind en aanbeveel het. Lincoln en Guba se model was gebruik vir betroubaarheidsversekering volgens die kriteria wat hulle aanbeveel het, naamlik geloofwaardigheid, oordraagbaarheid, betroubaarheid en bevestigbaarheid. Uit die data-ontleding het vier belangrike temas en subtemas te voorskyn gekom. Die temas was dat die verpleegkundedosente aspekte van die begeleiding van verpleegstudente in die gesondheidsorginstansie as positief en ook as negatief beleef. Die wyse waarop die gesondheidsorginstansies bestuur word, het die begeleiding beïnvloed en daar was riglyne voorgestel wat die kliniese personeel en dosente kan rig wanneer hulle betrokke raak by die begeleiding van verpleegstudente. Die begeleiding van verpleegstudente deur verpleegkundedosente, kliniese dosente en die gesondheidsorginstansie se opgeleide personeel, is ʼn belangrike deel van verpleegopleiding en bepaal uiteindelik die kwaliteit van die pasiëntsorg wat verskaf word deur die verpleegkundiges. Die navorser het riglyne daar gestel om die begeleiding van vepleegstudente te rig. Die riglyne moet nou geïmplementeer en getoets word binne die konteks van die bepaalde verpleegskole en dan weer geëvalueer word. Beperkings wat ondervind was in die studie was dat die steekproef ʼn klein groepie verpleegkundedosente op die platteland was, wat veralgemening bemoeilik, veral in die stedelike konteks. Die begeleiding van die verpleegstudente is gedoen met die ingeskrewe verpleegstudente (Die Suid-Afrikaanse Raad op Verpleging Regulasies, Regulasie 2176 en 2175 van 19 November 1993), naamlik die kategorie met die minste status en verantwoordelikheid onder verpleegstudente. Veralgemening na alle kategorieë, veral verpleegstudente besig met professionele verpleegprogramme, mag dus nie sinvol wees nie.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: De Wet, Annemie
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Nursing students , Mentoring in nursing -- South Africa
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10053 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1018275
- Description: Die doel van die studie was om vas te stel hoe die verpleegkundedosent die begeleiding van verpleegstudente in die praktyk ervaar. In die verlede was begeleiding van verpleegstudente met praktika in gesondheidsorginstansies deur ʼn professionele verpleegkundige gedoen wat deel was van die personeel se verantwoordelikhede. Die verpleegstudente doen hul teoretiese kennis op by ʼn tersiêre instansie en verkry hul praktiese kennis by ʼn geakkrediteerde gesondheidsorginstansie soos vereis deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Raad op Verpleging (SARV). Een van die take van ‘n verpleegkundedosent van die privaat opleidingskool is om die kliniese begeleiding van verpleegstudente in geakkrediteerde instellings te doen. Omdat verpleging ʼn beroep is waar vaardighede belangrik is, is praktiese inoefening van prosedures en evaluering van die verpleegstudente se vaardigheid daarin noodsaaklik. Die verpleegstudente is heeltyd besig met die pasiënte in die vorm van prosedures waarby die teorie wat in die opleidingskool verkry was, gekorreleer moet word met die prosedure om die hele prentjie te vorm. Dit is dus nodig dat begeleiding van die verpleegstudente gedoen moet word om vaardigheid en toepassing van kennis te verseker. Die navorser het ʼn kwalitatiewe, ondersoekende, beskrywende en kontekstuele studie gedoen waarvan die populasie die geregistreerde dosente van verskeie provinsiale en privaatverpleegskole in die Klein-Karoo en Suid-kaapdistrikte was. Die navorser het gebruik gemaak van ʼn nie-waarskynlike steekproef. Inligtingryke data was ingesamel deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude wat aangevul was met veldnotas soos verkry tydens onderhoude. Data-ontleding was reeds begin met data-insameling en Tesch se inhoudsontleding was gebruik om ʼn mening te vorm. ‘n Literatuurkontrole was gedoen om te bepaal wat vorige navorsing oor begeleiding bevind en aanbeveel het. Lincoln en Guba se model was gebruik vir betroubaarheidsversekering volgens die kriteria wat hulle aanbeveel het, naamlik geloofwaardigheid, oordraagbaarheid, betroubaarheid en bevestigbaarheid. Uit die data-ontleding het vier belangrike temas en subtemas te voorskyn gekom. Die temas was dat die verpleegkundedosente aspekte van die begeleiding van verpleegstudente in die gesondheidsorginstansie as positief en ook as negatief beleef. Die wyse waarop die gesondheidsorginstansies bestuur word, het die begeleiding beïnvloed en daar was riglyne voorgestel wat die kliniese personeel en dosente kan rig wanneer hulle betrokke raak by die begeleiding van verpleegstudente. Die begeleiding van verpleegstudente deur verpleegkundedosente, kliniese dosente en die gesondheidsorginstansie se opgeleide personeel, is ʼn belangrike deel van verpleegopleiding en bepaal uiteindelik die kwaliteit van die pasiëntsorg wat verskaf word deur die verpleegkundiges. Die navorser het riglyne daar gestel om die begeleiding van vepleegstudente te rig. Die riglyne moet nou geïmplementeer en getoets word binne die konteks van die bepaalde verpleegskole en dan weer geëvalueer word. Beperkings wat ondervind was in die studie was dat die steekproef ʼn klein groepie verpleegkundedosente op die platteland was, wat veralgemening bemoeilik, veral in die stedelike konteks. Die begeleiding van die verpleegstudente is gedoen met die ingeskrewe verpleegstudente (Die Suid-Afrikaanse Raad op Verpleging Regulasies, Regulasie 2176 en 2175 van 19 November 1993), naamlik die kategorie met die minste status en verantwoordelikheid onder verpleegstudente. Veralgemening na alle kategorieë, veral verpleegstudente besig met professionele verpleegprogramme, mag dus nie sinvol wees nie.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Effect of femininity on sexual health decision making of young females
- Authors: De Wet, Elna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Female students -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23705 , vital:30603
- Description: South Africa is characterised by high levels of HIV infections and unwanted pregnancies, despite the vast amount of interventions aimed at combatting this issue. It becomes important to explore why these interventions are not actively achieving what they aim to. A major cause for concern is the increase in risky sexual behaviour in the adolescence and young adult (15-24 year) age group. In various cultures, women’s socialization has a direct impact on their ability to prioritize their sexual health. Steeped in patriarchal ideology, many South African cultures prioritise the power of masculinity over and above the femxle experience. Improved partner communication leads to decreased risky sexual behaviour, but it becomes tricky when the relationship is characterized by a gender power imbalance. This study is aimed at understanding South African femxle sexual health by focussing on 1) the extent to which the overarching traditional beliefs about femininity is related to their sexual self-efficacy. Furthermore, it is aimed at 2) the extent to which they engage in sexual activity and behaviour that would protect them from STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Research design is quantitative and include an online survey for femxle students between the ages of 18 and 24, enrolled at the Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. The data was analysed statistically, where after the research findings will be interpreted from the perspective of Feminist Psychological Theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: De Wet, Elna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Female students -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23705 , vital:30603
- Description: South Africa is characterised by high levels of HIV infections and unwanted pregnancies, despite the vast amount of interventions aimed at combatting this issue. It becomes important to explore why these interventions are not actively achieving what they aim to. A major cause for concern is the increase in risky sexual behaviour in the adolescence and young adult (15-24 year) age group. In various cultures, women’s socialization has a direct impact on their ability to prioritize their sexual health. Steeped in patriarchal ideology, many South African cultures prioritise the power of masculinity over and above the femxle experience. Improved partner communication leads to decreased risky sexual behaviour, but it becomes tricky when the relationship is characterized by a gender power imbalance. This study is aimed at understanding South African femxle sexual health by focussing on 1) the extent to which the overarching traditional beliefs about femininity is related to their sexual self-efficacy. Furthermore, it is aimed at 2) the extent to which they engage in sexual activity and behaviour that would protect them from STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Research design is quantitative and include an online survey for femxle students between the ages of 18 and 24, enrolled at the Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. The data was analysed statistically, where after the research findings will be interpreted from the perspective of Feminist Psychological Theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Effect of femininity on sexual health decision making of young females
- Authors: De Wet, Elna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Teenage girls -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa , Women -- Identity , Adolescents -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30298 , vital:30928
- Description: South Africa is characterised by high levels of HIV infections and unwanted pregnancies, despite the vast amount of interventions aimed at combatting this issue. It becomes important to explore why these interventions are not actively achieving what they aim to. A major cause for concern is the increase in risky sexual behaviour in the adolescence and young adult (15-24 year) age group. In various cultures, women’s socialization has a direct impact on their ability to prioritize their sexual health. Steeped in patriarchal ideology, many South African cultures prioritise the power of masculinity over and above the femxle experience. Improved partner communication leads to decreased risky sexual behaviour, but it becomes tricky when the relationship is characterized by a gender power imbalance. This study is aimed at understanding South African femxle sexual health by focussing on 1) the extent to which the overarching traditional beliefs about femininity is related to their sexual self-efficacy. Furthermore, it is aimed at 2) the extent to which they engage in sexual activity and behaviour that would protect them from STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Research design is quantitative and include an online survey for femxle students between the ages of 18 and 24, enrolled at the Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. The data was analysed statistically, where after the research findings will be interpreted from the perspective of Feminist Psychological Theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: De Wet, Elna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Teenage girls -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa , Women -- Identity , Adolescents -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30298 , vital:30928
- Description: South Africa is characterised by high levels of HIV infections and unwanted pregnancies, despite the vast amount of interventions aimed at combatting this issue. It becomes important to explore why these interventions are not actively achieving what they aim to. A major cause for concern is the increase in risky sexual behaviour in the adolescence and young adult (15-24 year) age group. In various cultures, women’s socialization has a direct impact on their ability to prioritize their sexual health. Steeped in patriarchal ideology, many South African cultures prioritise the power of masculinity over and above the femxle experience. Improved partner communication leads to decreased risky sexual behaviour, but it becomes tricky when the relationship is characterized by a gender power imbalance. This study is aimed at understanding South African femxle sexual health by focussing on 1) the extent to which the overarching traditional beliefs about femininity is related to their sexual self-efficacy. Furthermore, it is aimed at 2) the extent to which they engage in sexual activity and behaviour that would protect them from STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Research design is quantitative and include an online survey for femxle students between the ages of 18 and 24, enrolled at the Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. The data was analysed statistically, where after the research findings will be interpreted from the perspective of Feminist Psychological Theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The health status of construction workers
- Authors: Deacon, Claire Helen
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Construction industry -- Employees -- Diseases -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health and hygiene -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health risk assessment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:11025 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/326 , Construction industry -- Employees -- Diseases -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health and hygiene -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health risk assessment -- South Africa
- Description: The construction industry is considered to be an extremely dangerous working environment, and therefore the health status of construction workers needs to be considered prior, during and on leaving the industry. Occupational hazards relative to the construction worker are well researched internationally; however few countries undertake routine medical surveillance to identify the health status of the construction worker relative to these hazards. Employers have a higher duty of care to identify workers who could be a risk at work from non-occupationally related conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Work could exacerbate these conditions, leading to absenteeism, poor performance and eventually leaving the industry due to ill health. The dissertation explores, inter alia: the risks to which workers are exposed; the legal aspects; relevant literature regarding medical surveillance, and the use of a medical surveillance instrument used to determine the health status of 142 construction workers who consented to participate in the study. The methodological approach used in this study was a quantitative descriptive design, more specifically, using a randomised cross-sectional survey design. The instrument used to determine health status included a full medical, occupational and social history, as well as a physical examination undertaken by Occupational Health Nursing Practitioners (OHNs). Findings indicate that most construction workers believe they are healthy. However only a small percentage of construction workers did not require referral for further investigation and / or treatment.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Deacon, Claire Helen
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Construction industry -- Employees -- Diseases -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health and hygiene -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health risk assessment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:11025 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/326 , Construction industry -- Employees -- Diseases -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health and hygiene -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health risk assessment -- South Africa
- Description: The construction industry is considered to be an extremely dangerous working environment, and therefore the health status of construction workers needs to be considered prior, during and on leaving the industry. Occupational hazards relative to the construction worker are well researched internationally; however few countries undertake routine medical surveillance to identify the health status of the construction worker relative to these hazards. Employers have a higher duty of care to identify workers who could be a risk at work from non-occupationally related conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Work could exacerbate these conditions, leading to absenteeism, poor performance and eventually leaving the industry due to ill health. The dissertation explores, inter alia: the risks to which workers are exposed; the legal aspects; relevant literature regarding medical surveillance, and the use of a medical surveillance instrument used to determine the health status of 142 construction workers who consented to participate in the study. The methodological approach used in this study was a quantitative descriptive design, more specifically, using a randomised cross-sectional survey design. The instrument used to determine health status included a full medical, occupational and social history, as well as a physical examination undertaken by Occupational Health Nursing Practitioners (OHNs). Findings indicate that most construction workers believe they are healthy. However only a small percentage of construction workers did not require referral for further investigation and / or treatment.
- Full Text:
Resilience and attachment as mediators impacting upon the psychosocial sequelae of unwanted early sexual experiences
- Defferary,Tanya Elizabeth Michele
- Authors: Defferary,Tanya Elizabeth Michele
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Resilience (Personality trait) Child sexual abuse , Attachment behaviour , Psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12494 , vital:27074
- Description: Unwanted early sexual experiences (UESE) are traumatic experiences that many children worldwide are exposed to on a daily basis. Some of these victims struggle to adapt to life, whereas others become survivors, exhibiting post-traumatic growth after such an experience. South Africa has some of the highest UESE prevalence rates in the world, highlighting the importance of research conducted within this field in the country. With an overarching psychofortogenic framework, and through the implementation of a convergent parallel mixed methods research design, the study explored and described whether resilience and attachment act as mediators impacting upon the psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. The study was divided into three phases. Phase 1 consisted of a small-scale survey design which was conducted with 304 participants while Phase 2 consisted of nine semi-structure interviews with UESE survivors, who were volunteers from the original sample. Finally, Phase 3 provided an integrated summary of the findings from the first two phases. During Phase 1 significant findings relating to the survivors of UESE, their levels of resilience and attachment relationships were outlined. Of the total sample, 32.43% males and 30.5% females indicated that they had been exposed to a UESE. Most of the perpetrators were known to the survivors with friends being identified as the most common perpetrators. Parental relationships characterised by trust, open communication and less alienation were found to impact upon the degree to which participants reported being bothered by the UESE. Furthermore, parental alienation at the time of the UESE had a significantly negative impact on the survivors’ adult relationship styles. During Phase 2 a number of themes emerged including the manner of disclosure, reasons for delayed disclosure, relationship to the confidant, confidant’s response to disclosure, effects of the response to disclosure, the impact of the UESE upon the survivor, impact of the UESE on relationships, coping/resilience, advice to professionals, the confidant, and the survivor. The final phase confirmed the research hypothesis that resilience and attachment act as mediating factors impacting upon a variety of psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. Serendipitously, disclosure was found to be a mediating factor, securing a significant role within the study. In conclusion a future intervention titled ‘Post-Traumatic Growth: A UESE model of Disclosure, Resilience and Attachment’, was outlined, based on the study’s findings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Defferary,Tanya Elizabeth Michele
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Resilience (Personality trait) Child sexual abuse , Attachment behaviour , Psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12494 , vital:27074
- Description: Unwanted early sexual experiences (UESE) are traumatic experiences that many children worldwide are exposed to on a daily basis. Some of these victims struggle to adapt to life, whereas others become survivors, exhibiting post-traumatic growth after such an experience. South Africa has some of the highest UESE prevalence rates in the world, highlighting the importance of research conducted within this field in the country. With an overarching psychofortogenic framework, and through the implementation of a convergent parallel mixed methods research design, the study explored and described whether resilience and attachment act as mediators impacting upon the psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. The study was divided into three phases. Phase 1 consisted of a small-scale survey design which was conducted with 304 participants while Phase 2 consisted of nine semi-structure interviews with UESE survivors, who were volunteers from the original sample. Finally, Phase 3 provided an integrated summary of the findings from the first two phases. During Phase 1 significant findings relating to the survivors of UESE, their levels of resilience and attachment relationships were outlined. Of the total sample, 32.43% males and 30.5% females indicated that they had been exposed to a UESE. Most of the perpetrators were known to the survivors with friends being identified as the most common perpetrators. Parental relationships characterised by trust, open communication and less alienation were found to impact upon the degree to which participants reported being bothered by the UESE. Furthermore, parental alienation at the time of the UESE had a significantly negative impact on the survivors’ adult relationship styles. During Phase 2 a number of themes emerged including the manner of disclosure, reasons for delayed disclosure, relationship to the confidant, confidant’s response to disclosure, effects of the response to disclosure, the impact of the UESE upon the survivor, impact of the UESE on relationships, coping/resilience, advice to professionals, the confidant, and the survivor. The final phase confirmed the research hypothesis that resilience and attachment act as mediating factors impacting upon a variety of psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. Serendipitously, disclosure was found to be a mediating factor, securing a significant role within the study. In conclusion a future intervention titled ‘Post-Traumatic Growth: A UESE model of Disclosure, Resilience and Attachment’, was outlined, based on the study’s findings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Comparison of contraceptive discontinuation in users of a copper intrauterine device against depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable
- Authors: Dekile-Yonto, Nolusindiso
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Contraceptives Birth control Women's health services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Magister of Curationis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15520 , vital:40422
- Description: The dynamics of continued contraceptive use, switches to alternatives, or the outright failure of contraception is strong indicators of the effectiveness of health care programmes for women or couples (Ali, Cleland & Shah, 2012:6). Furthermore, unplanned pregnancies often lead to undesirable health, economic, social, and psychological consequences for women (Sedgh, Singh & Hussain., 2014). There is a need to better understand the reasons for discontinuation of contraception to enable health care workers to address the gaps in the provision of family planning services. For this reason, the researcher embarked on a follow-up study of a randomised, controlled trial, which compared the effects on depression and sexual functioning of women after childbirth of a Copper Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (Cu-IUD) with Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA), (Singata-Madliki, 2014:5). The objectives of the follow-up study was to do a once-off follow-up of the original participants, three years after randomisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dekile-Yonto, Nolusindiso
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Contraceptives Birth control Women's health services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Magister of Curationis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15520 , vital:40422
- Description: The dynamics of continued contraceptive use, switches to alternatives, or the outright failure of contraception is strong indicators of the effectiveness of health care programmes for women or couples (Ali, Cleland & Shah, 2012:6). Furthermore, unplanned pregnancies often lead to undesirable health, economic, social, and psychological consequences for women (Sedgh, Singh & Hussain., 2014). There is a need to better understand the reasons for discontinuation of contraception to enable health care workers to address the gaps in the provision of family planning services. For this reason, the researcher embarked on a follow-up study of a randomised, controlled trial, which compared the effects on depression and sexual functioning of women after childbirth of a Copper Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (Cu-IUD) with Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA), (Singata-Madliki, 2014:5). The objectives of the follow-up study was to do a once-off follow-up of the original participants, three years after randomisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Professional nurses' knowledge regarding weaning the critically ill patient from the mechanical ventilation
- Authors: Demingo, Xavier Preston
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Artificial respiration , Respiratory therapy , Critical care medicine , Respirators (Medical equipment) , Artificial respiration -- Nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10026 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1323 , Artificial respiration , Respiratory therapy , Critical care medicine , Respirators (Medical equipment) , Artificial respiration -- Nursing
- Description: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most frequently used treatment modalities in the intensive care unit (ICU) (Burns, 2005:14). Up to 90% of critically ill patients in ICUs globally are connected to a mechanical ventilator. Although mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving intervention, it is expensive and is associated with diverse complications (Mclean, Jensen, Schroeder, Gibney & Skjodt, 2006: 299). Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) accounts for 25% of all infections in ICU, with global crude mortality figures estimated at 20-70% (Craven, 2006:251). Minimising the time that a patient is connected to a mechanical ventilator to the absolute minimum can have considerable benefits in terms of decreased mortality and morbidity, as well as a decreased length of ICU stay and lower hospital costs. Critically ill patients therefore need to be weaned from the mechanical ventilator as soon as their condition that warranted the need for mechanical ventilation is stabilized. The process of weaning the critically ill patient from mechanical ventilation constitutes a significant proportion of total ventilator time. As professional nurses attend to the mechanically ventilated patient 24 hours a day, they have a vital role to play in the collaborative management of the patient requiring weaning from mechanical ventilation. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the professional nurses’ knowledge regarding weaning the critically ill patient from mechanical ventilation. Based on the results, recommendations in the form of a protocol were made in order to improve the professional nurses’ knowledge and enhance the care of the mechanically ventilated patient. A quantitative design, which was exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature, was utilised for the study. The data collection instrument of choice was a self-administered questionnaire. Convenience, non-probability sampling was the sampling method chosen for the purpose of this study. Collected data were analysed with the assistance of a statistician using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results were displayed in the form of graphs and tables. The results obtained in the study, combined with data from the literature review, were used to develop recommendations to enhance vi professional nurses’ knowledge regarding weaning the critically ill patient from mechanical ventilation. The recommendations were presented in the form of a protocol based on the available evidence. Ethical principles as they relate to conducting research were adhered to throughout the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Demingo, Xavier Preston
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Artificial respiration , Respiratory therapy , Critical care medicine , Respirators (Medical equipment) , Artificial respiration -- Nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10026 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1323 , Artificial respiration , Respiratory therapy , Critical care medicine , Respirators (Medical equipment) , Artificial respiration -- Nursing
- Description: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most frequently used treatment modalities in the intensive care unit (ICU) (Burns, 2005:14). Up to 90% of critically ill patients in ICUs globally are connected to a mechanical ventilator. Although mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving intervention, it is expensive and is associated with diverse complications (Mclean, Jensen, Schroeder, Gibney & Skjodt, 2006: 299). Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) accounts for 25% of all infections in ICU, with global crude mortality figures estimated at 20-70% (Craven, 2006:251). Minimising the time that a patient is connected to a mechanical ventilator to the absolute minimum can have considerable benefits in terms of decreased mortality and morbidity, as well as a decreased length of ICU stay and lower hospital costs. Critically ill patients therefore need to be weaned from the mechanical ventilator as soon as their condition that warranted the need for mechanical ventilation is stabilized. The process of weaning the critically ill patient from mechanical ventilation constitutes a significant proportion of total ventilator time. As professional nurses attend to the mechanically ventilated patient 24 hours a day, they have a vital role to play in the collaborative management of the patient requiring weaning from mechanical ventilation. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the professional nurses’ knowledge regarding weaning the critically ill patient from mechanical ventilation. Based on the results, recommendations in the form of a protocol were made in order to improve the professional nurses’ knowledge and enhance the care of the mechanically ventilated patient. A quantitative design, which was exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature, was utilised for the study. The data collection instrument of choice was a self-administered questionnaire. Convenience, non-probability sampling was the sampling method chosen for the purpose of this study. Collected data were analysed with the assistance of a statistician using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results were displayed in the form of graphs and tables. The results obtained in the study, combined with data from the literature review, were used to develop recommendations to enhance vi professional nurses’ knowledge regarding weaning the critically ill patient from mechanical ventilation. The recommendations were presented in the form of a protocol based on the available evidence. Ethical principles as they relate to conducting research were adhered to throughout the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Invasive radiological procedures: patients’ satisfaction with radiographers’ care in public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa
- Authors: Denteh, Derrick Kofi
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Hospitals -- Radiological services , Patient satisfaction -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58772 , vital:60097
- Description: There has been a steady increase in invasive radiological procedures throughout the world. The situation is no different in Ghana and South Africa where the governments have sought to increase the equipment available for such procedures in public hospitals. However, complaints by patients and radiographers at the two public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa suggested that not all patients are satisfied with the radiographers’ care provided during invasive radiological procedures. The study aimed to investigate patients’ satisfaction with radiographers’ care during invasive radiological procedures at two public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa, and thereafter to do a comparison of the two hospitals. The study utilised a quantitative, comparative descriptive design. The theoretical framework that guided this study was Cox’s Interaction Model of Client Health Behaviour. The research population consisted of participants who had undergone various invasive radiological procedures. The data were collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the data collection instrument was enhanced by conducting a pilot study as well as through peer review and the guidance of a statistician. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were undertaken and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to the principles of beneficence, justice and respect for persons. Overall, there was greater patient satisfaction with radiographers’ care in Ghana than in South Africa. Regarding patient satisfaction and health information, a statistically significant difference was observed between both countries (t = 10.02, df = 218, p = 0.000 and d = 1.36). Concerning patient satisfaction and affective support, a statistically significant difference was observed with a medium effect size (t = -4.34, df = 22, p = 0.000, d = 0.59). Patient satisfaction and decisional control was shown to have a statistically significant difference between the two countries (t = 20.27, df = 218, p = 0.000 and d = 2.73). Regarding professional/technical competencies, a statistically significant difference was observed with large size effect between the two countries (t = -6.77, df = 22, p = 0.000 and d = 0.91). In conclusion, the two countries were shown to differ regarding patient satisfaction in relation to Cox’s domains of health information, decisional control, affective support v and professional/technical competencies. In Ghana, there was greater patient satisfaction in relation to health information and decisional control than in South Africa. Conversely, in South Africa patient satisfaction in relation to affective support and professional/technical competencies was higher than in Ghana. As such, patient satisfaction could be improved if radiography management seeks to find ways to address these aspects in the hospitals under study in Ghana and South Africa. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Denteh, Derrick Kofi
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Hospitals -- Radiological services , Patient satisfaction -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58772 , vital:60097
- Description: There has been a steady increase in invasive radiological procedures throughout the world. The situation is no different in Ghana and South Africa where the governments have sought to increase the equipment available for such procedures in public hospitals. However, complaints by patients and radiographers at the two public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa suggested that not all patients are satisfied with the radiographers’ care provided during invasive radiological procedures. The study aimed to investigate patients’ satisfaction with radiographers’ care during invasive radiological procedures at two public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa, and thereafter to do a comparison of the two hospitals. The study utilised a quantitative, comparative descriptive design. The theoretical framework that guided this study was Cox’s Interaction Model of Client Health Behaviour. The research population consisted of participants who had undergone various invasive radiological procedures. The data were collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the data collection instrument was enhanced by conducting a pilot study as well as through peer review and the guidance of a statistician. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were undertaken and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to the principles of beneficence, justice and respect for persons. Overall, there was greater patient satisfaction with radiographers’ care in Ghana than in South Africa. Regarding patient satisfaction and health information, a statistically significant difference was observed between both countries (t = 10.02, df = 218, p = 0.000 and d = 1.36). Concerning patient satisfaction and affective support, a statistically significant difference was observed with a medium effect size (t = -4.34, df = 22, p = 0.000, d = 0.59). Patient satisfaction and decisional control was shown to have a statistically significant difference between the two countries (t = 20.27, df = 218, p = 0.000 and d = 2.73). Regarding professional/technical competencies, a statistically significant difference was observed with large size effect between the two countries (t = -6.77, df = 22, p = 0.000 and d = 0.91). In conclusion, the two countries were shown to differ regarding patient satisfaction in relation to Cox’s domains of health information, decisional control, affective support v and professional/technical competencies. In Ghana, there was greater patient satisfaction in relation to health information and decisional control than in South Africa. Conversely, in South Africa patient satisfaction in relation to affective support and professional/technical competencies was higher than in Ghana. As such, patient satisfaction could be improved if radiography management seeks to find ways to address these aspects in the hospitals under study in Ghana and South Africa. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Optimisation of pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus in a primary health care setting
- Authors: Dickason, Beverley Janine
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Diabetes , Diabetes -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: vital:10161 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/846 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012902 , Diabetes , Diabetes -- Treatment
- Description: Levels of diabetic care in primary health care settings in South Africa have been found to be sub-optimal. Knowledge deficits and inadequate practices have been implicated in the poor quality of local diabetes care. Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are commonly associated chronic conditions hence to optimise diabetic care, tight control of blood pressure is essential. Although guidelines for the overall management of diabetes in a primary health care setting have been published (Working Group of the National Diabetes Advisory Board, 1997; Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2002a), adherence to these guidelines has not yet been optimised in the primary health care setting. The objectives of the study were: to design and implement an educational intervention aimed at nursing staff, based on the South African guidelines for type 2 diabetes and hypertension, at a public sector primary health care clinic; to determine the impact of the educational intervention on the level of knowledge and attitudes of the nursing staff, and on the level of diabetic and blood pressure control achieved in the patient population, and to determine the impact of the educational intervention on pharmacological management of patients. A questionnaire was used to quantitatively assess the nursing staffs’ knowledge of the management of type 2 diabetes and hypertension at a primary health care level. A qualitative evaluation of the nursing staff attitudes was obtained using focus group interviews. The educational intervention, in the form of lectures and based on national diabetes and hypertension guidelines (Working Group of the National Diabetes Advisory Board, 1997; Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2002a; Milne et al., 2003), was then implemented and directed at the nursing staff at a primary health care clinic. A post-intervention evaluation was performed after four months by repeating the questionnaire and focus group interviews. Comparisons between the pre- and post-intervention questionnaire and focus group interviews evaluated the impact of the educational intervention on the knowledge and attitudes of nursing staff towards the management of type 2 diabetes. Pre- and post-intervention patient data was collected from patient medical files and compared to determine if the management of diabetes and hypertension improved in the patient population after the implementation of the educational intervention. The patient population consisted of 103 patients. The educational intervention resulted in an extremely significant improvement in the level of knowledge of the nursing staff [93 correct responses (28.3 percent; n = 329 (pre-intervention)) vs 223 correct responses (67.8 percent; n = 329 (post-intervention)); p < 0.0001, Fisher’s Exact test]. The educational intervention resulted in improved attitudes of nursing staff towards the management of diabetes. Ideal random blood glucose concentrations improved significantly [16 percent; n = 100 (pre-intervention) vs 22 percent; n = 100 (post-intervention); p = 0.0003; Student t test]. The number of patients with a compromised HbA1c level (> 8 percent) decreased by 2 [51; 49.5 percent, n = 103 (pre-intervention) vs 49, 47.5 percent, n = 103 (post-intervention)] which was not a significant improvement. Ideal blood pressure control improved by one from 38 patients [36.9 percent; n = 103 (pre-intervention)] to 39 patients [37.9 percent; n = 103 (post-intervention)] which was not significant. Optimal change of pharmacological management following the referral of an uncontrolled diabetic patient was only noted for 18 patients (20.2 percent, n = 89) referred in the post-intervention phase. Clinical inertia was identified as a major limitation to the optimisation of diabetes care. Implementation of an educational intervention based on the South African diabetes and hypertension guidelines at a public sector primary health care clinic was successful in improving the knowledge levels and attitudes of nursing staff
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Dickason, Beverley Janine
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Diabetes , Diabetes -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: vital:10161 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/846 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012902 , Diabetes , Diabetes -- Treatment
- Description: Levels of diabetic care in primary health care settings in South Africa have been found to be sub-optimal. Knowledge deficits and inadequate practices have been implicated in the poor quality of local diabetes care. Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are commonly associated chronic conditions hence to optimise diabetic care, tight control of blood pressure is essential. Although guidelines for the overall management of diabetes in a primary health care setting have been published (Working Group of the National Diabetes Advisory Board, 1997; Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2002a), adherence to these guidelines has not yet been optimised in the primary health care setting. The objectives of the study were: to design and implement an educational intervention aimed at nursing staff, based on the South African guidelines for type 2 diabetes and hypertension, at a public sector primary health care clinic; to determine the impact of the educational intervention on the level of knowledge and attitudes of the nursing staff, and on the level of diabetic and blood pressure control achieved in the patient population, and to determine the impact of the educational intervention on pharmacological management of patients. A questionnaire was used to quantitatively assess the nursing staffs’ knowledge of the management of type 2 diabetes and hypertension at a primary health care level. A qualitative evaluation of the nursing staff attitudes was obtained using focus group interviews. The educational intervention, in the form of lectures and based on national diabetes and hypertension guidelines (Working Group of the National Diabetes Advisory Board, 1997; Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2002a; Milne et al., 2003), was then implemented and directed at the nursing staff at a primary health care clinic. A post-intervention evaluation was performed after four months by repeating the questionnaire and focus group interviews. Comparisons between the pre- and post-intervention questionnaire and focus group interviews evaluated the impact of the educational intervention on the knowledge and attitudes of nursing staff towards the management of type 2 diabetes. Pre- and post-intervention patient data was collected from patient medical files and compared to determine if the management of diabetes and hypertension improved in the patient population after the implementation of the educational intervention. The patient population consisted of 103 patients. The educational intervention resulted in an extremely significant improvement in the level of knowledge of the nursing staff [93 correct responses (28.3 percent; n = 329 (pre-intervention)) vs 223 correct responses (67.8 percent; n = 329 (post-intervention)); p < 0.0001, Fisher’s Exact test]. The educational intervention resulted in improved attitudes of nursing staff towards the management of diabetes. Ideal random blood glucose concentrations improved significantly [16 percent; n = 100 (pre-intervention) vs 22 percent; n = 100 (post-intervention); p = 0.0003; Student t test]. The number of patients with a compromised HbA1c level (> 8 percent) decreased by 2 [51; 49.5 percent, n = 103 (pre-intervention) vs 49, 47.5 percent, n = 103 (post-intervention)] which was not a significant improvement. Ideal blood pressure control improved by one from 38 patients [36.9 percent; n = 103 (pre-intervention)] to 39 patients [37.9 percent; n = 103 (post-intervention)] which was not significant. Optimal change of pharmacological management following the referral of an uncontrolled diabetic patient was only noted for 18 patients (20.2 percent, n = 89) referred in the post-intervention phase. Clinical inertia was identified as a major limitation to the optimisation of diabetes care. Implementation of an educational intervention based on the South African diabetes and hypertension guidelines at a public sector primary health care clinic was successful in improving the knowledge levels and attitudes of nursing staff
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Birthing process preparedness of first-time mothers in the public obstetric units of the Nelson Mandela Bay health district (NMBHD).
- Authors: Dlamini, Xolani
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Birthparents , Nelson Mandela Bay Health District
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58815 , vital:60126
- Description: The birthing process is a challenging, unpredictable yet a beautiful life event for birthing women, requiring reasonable birthing process preparedness on birthing woman to enhance her cooperation during the birthing process. Often first-time mothers lack their own frame of reference regarding the birthing process to improve their birthing process preparedness. As an alternative they are reliant on that of other people with birthing process experiences or on what they are told by midwives. The purpose of this study was to understand how was the preparedness of the birthing process of first-time mothers in the public obstetric units of the NMBHD. Thus, an indication of how ready were they, when the labour started. The objectives of the study were as follows, to: • explore and describe the birthing process preparedness of first-time mothers in the public obstetric units of the NMBHD and • formulate recommendations for midwives and nurse managers that would aid them in facilitating the birthing process preparedness of first-time mothers in public obstetric units in the NMBHD. The study adopted a qualitative research design with exploratory, descriptive and contextual approach. The research population were first-time mothers who had booked and delivered in any of the obstetric units in the NMBHD. The convenience, non-probability sampling methods were used in selecting the first-time mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Envisaged sample size was 21 participants but also depending on data saturation. Sixteen participants were ultimately interviewed but only fifteen of those interviews were used. The data collection method used was one-on-one semi-structured interviews which were captured on a digital voice-recorder. The thematic method of data analysis was used to analyse data from the interviews. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: • Theme 1: Participants shared their experiences regarding the birthing process and their birthing process preparedness. • Theme 2: Participants expressed having had varied experiences from factors that had influenced their birthing preparedness. iv • Theme 3: Participants provided suggestions for midwives to facilitate their birthing process preparedness. Recommendations were made for midwives and managers, nursing education, research and limitations of the study were outlined. To comply with trustworthiness, this study adopted Lincoln and Guba’s Model of trustworthiness. The ethical principles that guided this study with human participants were the principles of respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Dlamini, Xolani
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Birthparents , Nelson Mandela Bay Health District
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58815 , vital:60126
- Description: The birthing process is a challenging, unpredictable yet a beautiful life event for birthing women, requiring reasonable birthing process preparedness on birthing woman to enhance her cooperation during the birthing process. Often first-time mothers lack their own frame of reference regarding the birthing process to improve their birthing process preparedness. As an alternative they are reliant on that of other people with birthing process experiences or on what they are told by midwives. The purpose of this study was to understand how was the preparedness of the birthing process of first-time mothers in the public obstetric units of the NMBHD. Thus, an indication of how ready were they, when the labour started. The objectives of the study were as follows, to: • explore and describe the birthing process preparedness of first-time mothers in the public obstetric units of the NMBHD and • formulate recommendations for midwives and nurse managers that would aid them in facilitating the birthing process preparedness of first-time mothers in public obstetric units in the NMBHD. The study adopted a qualitative research design with exploratory, descriptive and contextual approach. The research population were first-time mothers who had booked and delivered in any of the obstetric units in the NMBHD. The convenience, non-probability sampling methods were used in selecting the first-time mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Envisaged sample size was 21 participants but also depending on data saturation. Sixteen participants were ultimately interviewed but only fifteen of those interviews were used. The data collection method used was one-on-one semi-structured interviews which were captured on a digital voice-recorder. The thematic method of data analysis was used to analyse data from the interviews. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: • Theme 1: Participants shared their experiences regarding the birthing process and their birthing process preparedness. • Theme 2: Participants expressed having had varied experiences from factors that had influenced their birthing preparedness. iv • Theme 3: Participants provided suggestions for midwives to facilitate their birthing process preparedness. Recommendations were made for midwives and managers, nursing education, research and limitations of the study were outlined. To comply with trustworthiness, this study adopted Lincoln and Guba’s Model of trustworthiness. The ethical principles that guided this study with human participants were the principles of respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
The integration of mental health care services into primary health care system at King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality Clinics
- Authors: Dlatu, Ntandazo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Community mental health services South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: vital:18478 , http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1008290
- Description: Introduction: Primary Health care refers to care which is based on the needs of population. Mental health care provided within general primary care services is the first level of care within the formal health system. There is no research in King Sabata Dalindyebo, carried out on issues around integration of mental health with primary health care. The present study is initiated to overcome this gap. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the level of knowledge, implementation and barriers of integrating mental health care services into primary health care system at King Sabata Dalindyebo clinics, in Mthatha region. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at King Sabata Dalindyebo Clinics, between January 2010 and December 2011. A 10% random sample of all health professionals from King Sabata Dalindyebo was interviewed concerning their demographic characteristics, education/ qualifications, general and further training in psychiatry, awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 and mental health care services characteristic related to the integration of mental health care services into primary health care system. For data analysis, the means of continuous variables across 2 groups were compared using Student-t test. The proportions (%) of the categorical variable across 2 groups were compared using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 52 health professionals (40.4% males, 59.6 females, 59.6 married, 3 doctors, 49 nurses, mean age 36.9± 8 years range 23 years-52 years), were surveyed. The participants were characterized by low level of qualification in specialization, further training in psychiatry, and by very low awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002. Furthermore, there was no implication of expects (Regional psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker) and co-ordination of mental health care services. Working in remote and disadvantaged area, health workers with lower education qualification, absence of a coordinator for mental health care services and absence of workshop on Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 were determinants of lower awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002. However, there was a good to excellent framework for potential implementation of mental health care services into primary health care system. The government support in infrastructures, drugs availability, transport and equipment was evident. Patients were helped within abroad based ethical, human rights and psycho-social framework. Conclusion: There is a lack of improving human capacity for mental health in terms of continuous training in mental health issues, policies, organisation and development. Globally, the integration of mental health care service in King Sabata Dalindyebo is non-optimal.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Dlatu, Ntandazo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Community mental health services South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: vital:18478 , http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1008290
- Description: Introduction: Primary Health care refers to care which is based on the needs of population. Mental health care provided within general primary care services is the first level of care within the formal health system. There is no research in King Sabata Dalindyebo, carried out on issues around integration of mental health with primary health care. The present study is initiated to overcome this gap. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the level of knowledge, implementation and barriers of integrating mental health care services into primary health care system at King Sabata Dalindyebo clinics, in Mthatha region. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at King Sabata Dalindyebo Clinics, between January 2010 and December 2011. A 10% random sample of all health professionals from King Sabata Dalindyebo was interviewed concerning their demographic characteristics, education/ qualifications, general and further training in psychiatry, awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 and mental health care services characteristic related to the integration of mental health care services into primary health care system. For data analysis, the means of continuous variables across 2 groups were compared using Student-t test. The proportions (%) of the categorical variable across 2 groups were compared using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 52 health professionals (40.4% males, 59.6 females, 59.6 married, 3 doctors, 49 nurses, mean age 36.9± 8 years range 23 years-52 years), were surveyed. The participants were characterized by low level of qualification in specialization, further training in psychiatry, and by very low awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002. Furthermore, there was no implication of expects (Regional psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker) and co-ordination of mental health care services. Working in remote and disadvantaged area, health workers with lower education qualification, absence of a coordinator for mental health care services and absence of workshop on Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 were determinants of lower awareness about Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002. However, there was a good to excellent framework for potential implementation of mental health care services into primary health care system. The government support in infrastructures, drugs availability, transport and equipment was evident. Patients were helped within abroad based ethical, human rights and psycho-social framework. Conclusion: There is a lack of improving human capacity for mental health in terms of continuous training in mental health issues, policies, organisation and development. Globally, the integration of mental health care service in King Sabata Dalindyebo is non-optimal.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Core self-evaluations, racial evaluation and learning amongst Zulu students at the university of Zululand
- Authors: Dodd Nicole Marguerite
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Zulu (African people) -- Ethnic identity , Self-evaluation , Ethnicity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: vital:9879 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008398 , Zulu (African people) -- Ethnic identity , Self-evaluation , Ethnicity
- Description: Core Self-Evaluations [CSE] are a person’s estimation of his/her own worth and ability (Judge & Scott 2009). This in turn, is related to Racial Evaluation which is a person’s internal evaluation of his/her racial identity (Diller, 2010). The Employment Equity Act (55 of 1998) makes provision for the employment of equity candidates who can acquire skills in a reasonable amount of time. This requires individuals to be able to learn and then achieve in outcomes-based assessment. Core Self-Evaluations and Racial Evaluation can have an impact on how individuals perceive themselves, and how they perform in education, training and development (Hanley & Noblit, 2009). This study explored the relationship between Core Self-Evaluation, Racial Evaluation, Learning and Outcomes-Based Assessment using an experimental design. The Core Self-Evaluation scores in this study (n=230) were consistent with levels found internationally (Broucek, 2005). There was positive Racial Evaluation, with a relationship existing between Racial Evaluation and Core Self-Evaluations. This means that part of a person’s identity as an individual is related to Racial Evaluation, with that Racial Evaluation being positive amongst young Zulu students at the University of Zululand. There was a statistically significant, but small correlation between Learning and Core Self- Evaluation and a relationship was also found between CSE and Outcomes-Based Assessment results. When Core Self-Evaluation is higher, Learning tends to be more likely. The same pattern does not hold for Outcomes-Based Assessment results. Among Zulu students, lower CSE is linked to improved Outcomes-Based Assessment results. Racial Evaluation has a small relationship with CSE. However, efforts to remedy apartheid may be directed towards socio-economic development and need not focus on boosting Racial Evaluation when it comes to young Zulu adults.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Dodd Nicole Marguerite
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Zulu (African people) -- Ethnic identity , Self-evaluation , Ethnicity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: vital:9879 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008398 , Zulu (African people) -- Ethnic identity , Self-evaluation , Ethnicity
- Description: Core Self-Evaluations [CSE] are a person’s estimation of his/her own worth and ability (Judge & Scott 2009). This in turn, is related to Racial Evaluation which is a person’s internal evaluation of his/her racial identity (Diller, 2010). The Employment Equity Act (55 of 1998) makes provision for the employment of equity candidates who can acquire skills in a reasonable amount of time. This requires individuals to be able to learn and then achieve in outcomes-based assessment. Core Self-Evaluations and Racial Evaluation can have an impact on how individuals perceive themselves, and how they perform in education, training and development (Hanley & Noblit, 2009). This study explored the relationship between Core Self-Evaluation, Racial Evaluation, Learning and Outcomes-Based Assessment using an experimental design. The Core Self-Evaluation scores in this study (n=230) were consistent with levels found internationally (Broucek, 2005). There was positive Racial Evaluation, with a relationship existing between Racial Evaluation and Core Self-Evaluations. This means that part of a person’s identity as an individual is related to Racial Evaluation, with that Racial Evaluation being positive amongst young Zulu students at the University of Zululand. There was a statistically significant, but small correlation between Learning and Core Self- Evaluation and a relationship was also found between CSE and Outcomes-Based Assessment results. When Core Self-Evaluation is higher, Learning tends to be more likely. The same pattern does not hold for Outcomes-Based Assessment results. Among Zulu students, lower CSE is linked to improved Outcomes-Based Assessment results. Racial Evaluation has a small relationship with CSE. However, efforts to remedy apartheid may be directed towards socio-economic development and need not focus on boosting Racial Evaluation when it comes to young Zulu adults.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011