The rural-urban interface: the ambiguous nature of informal settlements, with special reference to the Daggafontein settlement in Gauteng
- Authors: Kumalo, Sibongiseni
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Cities and towns -- South Africa -- Gauteng -- Growth , Squatter settlements -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Urban anthropology -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Rural-urban migration -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2091 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002654 , Cities and towns -- South Africa -- Gauteng -- Growth , Squatter settlements -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Urban anthropology -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Rural-urban migration -- South Africa
- Description: The thesis is concerned with the rural-urban interface. It questions and argues against the validity of what used to be called the rural-urban divide, and presents the rural-urban interface as a single social field. The research makes use of Daggafontein informal settlement in Gauteng, providing a general socio-economic overview of this settlement by discussing the ways in which people in this settlement make a living. Most of the people come from rural areas and the patterns of their association within the settlement reveal that they associate themselves with people from their own rural homes of origin. Movement between Daggafontein and rural areas show some level of commitment to home areas. Perceptions of the urban-rural interface by people of Daggafontein informal settlement show that these two areas are not necessarily separate from each other, but are part of the same continuum as socio-economic relations continue to straddle the rural and the urban. As people, perceptions and values move in both directions along the rural-urban interface, the classification of the informal settlement becomes highly ambiguous, because it contains both rural and urban elements.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kumalo, Sibongiseni
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Cities and towns -- South Africa -- Gauteng -- Growth , Squatter settlements -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Urban anthropology -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Rural-urban migration -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2091 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002654 , Cities and towns -- South Africa -- Gauteng -- Growth , Squatter settlements -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Urban anthropology -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Rural-urban migration -- South Africa
- Description: The thesis is concerned with the rural-urban interface. It questions and argues against the validity of what used to be called the rural-urban divide, and presents the rural-urban interface as a single social field. The research makes use of Daggafontein informal settlement in Gauteng, providing a general socio-economic overview of this settlement by discussing the ways in which people in this settlement make a living. Most of the people come from rural areas and the patterns of their association within the settlement reveal that they associate themselves with people from their own rural homes of origin. Movement between Daggafontein and rural areas show some level of commitment to home areas. Perceptions of the urban-rural interface by people of Daggafontein informal settlement show that these two areas are not necessarily separate from each other, but are part of the same continuum as socio-economic relations continue to straddle the rural and the urban. As people, perceptions and values move in both directions along the rural-urban interface, the classification of the informal settlement becomes highly ambiguous, because it contains both rural and urban elements.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
A pre- and post-test study on the knowledge of grade 6 to 9 learners on HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections
- Authors: Kuret, Teresa
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Sexually transmitted diseases -- Study and reaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9853 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/389 , AIDS (Disease) -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Sexually transmitted diseases -- Study and reaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Description: In 1981, a number of reports of death from immune system failure began to cause alarm in medical circles. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was identified as the cause of a condition known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). To date, there is no cure for AIDS, and as a result it is perceived as the deadliest medical condition of the century. While intensive research remains focused on development of a vaccine, there has been a strong move toward a more preventative approach that is holistic in nature, and encompasses behavioural and social components as being of equal importance. Going hand in hand with HIV/AIDS are Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). STIs are increasing around the world and in South Africa at a remarkable rate. Like HIV/AIDS, STIs are also transmitted during sex, more specifically through body contact during sex. Research has identified adolescents as a group that is particularly vulnerable to HIV and STI infection. Life-skills programmes use experiential learning to engage learners and are particularly popular because they empower individuals to make responsible, well thought out decisions based on well developed values and beliefs. There are however, various variables and agents that impact upon the success of HIV/AIDS and STI education. It is therefore suitable to adopt a biopsychosocial approach to underlie a HIV/AIDS and STI life-skills programme. Health models, such as the AIDS Risk Reduction Model, based on this approach should take into consideration important psychological variables to cope with changes in behaviour, as well as prepatory behaviours inclined towards preventing risky behaviour. The Ubuntu Education Fund is a non-government, international organisation that offered a life skills programme in HIV/AIDS, STIs, Rape and Child Abuse to learners in Grades 6 - 9. This study focused on HIV/AIDS and STIs. The sample size was 260 learners from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Region. A quasiexperimental one group pre-and post-test design was used to determine if there was a difference between the knowledge of these learners pre- and post- the life skills programme. The results of the study indicate that there was a small increase in knowledge after the life-skills programme intervention. In some schools there was even a decrease in knowledge. This study suggests that the life-skills programme was flawed and that it needs to be reviewed. The implications of these findings are discussed with suggestions for future interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kuret, Teresa
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Sexually transmitted diseases -- Study and reaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9853 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/389 , AIDS (Disease) -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Sexually transmitted diseases -- Study and reaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Description: In 1981, a number of reports of death from immune system failure began to cause alarm in medical circles. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was identified as the cause of a condition known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). To date, there is no cure for AIDS, and as a result it is perceived as the deadliest medical condition of the century. While intensive research remains focused on development of a vaccine, there has been a strong move toward a more preventative approach that is holistic in nature, and encompasses behavioural and social components as being of equal importance. Going hand in hand with HIV/AIDS are Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). STIs are increasing around the world and in South Africa at a remarkable rate. Like HIV/AIDS, STIs are also transmitted during sex, more specifically through body contact during sex. Research has identified adolescents as a group that is particularly vulnerable to HIV and STI infection. Life-skills programmes use experiential learning to engage learners and are particularly popular because they empower individuals to make responsible, well thought out decisions based on well developed values and beliefs. There are however, various variables and agents that impact upon the success of HIV/AIDS and STI education. It is therefore suitable to adopt a biopsychosocial approach to underlie a HIV/AIDS and STI life-skills programme. Health models, such as the AIDS Risk Reduction Model, based on this approach should take into consideration important psychological variables to cope with changes in behaviour, as well as prepatory behaviours inclined towards preventing risky behaviour. The Ubuntu Education Fund is a non-government, international organisation that offered a life skills programme in HIV/AIDS, STIs, Rape and Child Abuse to learners in Grades 6 - 9. This study focused on HIV/AIDS and STIs. The sample size was 260 learners from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Region. A quasiexperimental one group pre-and post-test design was used to determine if there was a difference between the knowledge of these learners pre- and post- the life skills programme. The results of the study indicate that there was a small increase in knowledge after the life-skills programme intervention. In some schools there was even a decrease in knowledge. This study suggests that the life-skills programme was flawed and that it needs to be reviewed. The implications of these findings are discussed with suggestions for future interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
The symbiosis between capitalists:
- Authors: Kyazze, Simwogerere
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159211 , vital:40277 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146362
- Description: Question: Who is the most famous writer of the New Millennium? Answer: JK Rowling, author of the Harry Potter stories. If you answered in the affirmative, you will be forgiven for sharing the view of many teenagers (and an increasing number of young adults) around the world who swear by Mr Potter's benign witchcraft. But while we ponder the Harry Potter juggernaut (Ms Rowling's books are bestsellers in any language), let us also ponder why very few serious intellectuals make it to the top of the world's most famous best-seller lists (The New York Times, Amazon.com, Times of London, etc). There is a reason why Gore Vidal, Jeffery Sachs, Noam Chomsky and Edward Said, have all had some of their best work published by little known outfits such as St Mark's Publishing House, and not celebrated imprints of the Simon and Schuster or Alfred Knopf calibre.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Kyazze, Simwogerere
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159211 , vital:40277 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146362
- Description: Question: Who is the most famous writer of the New Millennium? Answer: JK Rowling, author of the Harry Potter stories. If you answered in the affirmative, you will be forgiven for sharing the view of many teenagers (and an increasing number of young adults) around the world who swear by Mr Potter's benign witchcraft. But while we ponder the Harry Potter juggernaut (Ms Rowling's books are bestsellers in any language), let us also ponder why very few serious intellectuals make it to the top of the world's most famous best-seller lists (The New York Times, Amazon.com, Times of London, etc). There is a reason why Gore Vidal, Jeffery Sachs, Noam Chomsky and Edward Said, have all had some of their best work published by little known outfits such as St Mark's Publishing House, and not celebrated imprints of the Simon and Schuster or Alfred Knopf calibre.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in a young rape survivor: a case study
- Authors: Labe, Dana
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6271 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008271
- Description: This paper describes the psychodynamic psychotherapy of a 20-year-old African woman with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ‘Mphumi’ entered therapy a year after her father’s friend had repeatedly raped her. The paper documents the process of therapy and uses the case material to examine theoretical issues relevant to the treatment of PTSD. First, Horowitz’s (2001) theory is used as a basis for arguing that a histrionic personality style predisposed her to an extreme degree of denial and dissociation, which prevented her from processing the trauma at a cognitive or emotional level and contributed to the entrenched PTSD. It was only after she had suffered a breakdown, which necessitated hospitalisation, that her resistance to processing the trauma was overcome. Second, the case material is used to show how other significantly disturbing events earlier in her life shaped her response to the rape and to examine the extent to which effective processing of the current trauma calls for the acknowledgement and working through of earlier traumas and losses. Finally, the case narrative shows how the treatment of PTSD is of necessity a slow, complex process which takes into account the individual’s unique history, idiosyncratic vulnerabilities and socio-cultural context
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Labe, Dana
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6271 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008271
- Description: This paper describes the psychodynamic psychotherapy of a 20-year-old African woman with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ‘Mphumi’ entered therapy a year after her father’s friend had repeatedly raped her. The paper documents the process of therapy and uses the case material to examine theoretical issues relevant to the treatment of PTSD. First, Horowitz’s (2001) theory is used as a basis for arguing that a histrionic personality style predisposed her to an extreme degree of denial and dissociation, which prevented her from processing the trauma at a cognitive or emotional level and contributed to the entrenched PTSD. It was only after she had suffered a breakdown, which necessitated hospitalisation, that her resistance to processing the trauma was overcome. Second, the case material is used to show how other significantly disturbing events earlier in her life shaped her response to the rape and to examine the extent to which effective processing of the current trauma calls for the acknowledgement and working through of earlier traumas and losses. Finally, the case narrative shows how the treatment of PTSD is of necessity a slow, complex process which takes into account the individual’s unique history, idiosyncratic vulnerabilities and socio-cultural context
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
The perceptions of grade eight and nine learners of a life skills programme on HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, rape and child abuse
- Authors: Lambert, Tania
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Evaluation , AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9854 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/390 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1005827 , AIDS (Disease) -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Evaluation , AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Prevention
- Description: Worldwide millions of children are victims of neglect and physical and mental harm, including sexual abuse and exploitation. South Africa, however, is widely believed to have not only one of the highest incidences of rape in the world, but also one of the highest levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) transmission. With research findings showing that HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are rapidly increasing globally, young people are, and continue to be, at the forefront of the AIDS pandemic. Therefore, it is suggested that prevention programmes should be aimed particularly at the young. Schools have specifically been recognized as the setting for preventative Life Skills Programmes, having the potential to reach billions of children worldwide. The aim of this study is to explore and describe the perceptions of grade eight and nine learners with regard to the Life Skills Programme that focuses on HIV/AIDS and STI's, rape and child abuse education in the Port Elizabeth region. In order to fulfil the above aim, a qualitative study was undertaken within an exploratory descriptive approach. A non-probability sample of four schools was selected. Focus groups, utilising an unstructured interview, were used to gather qualitative data on the learners' perceptions of the Life Skills Programme. The focus groups consisted of 10 - 12 grade eight and nine learners who were selected using simple random sampling. The data was thematically analysed using Tesch's approach. The major findings of the present study, based on the six general themes, include the following: 1. Most of the learners perceived the educators, as well as the teaching methods utilised by the educators, positively. 2. Although the learners perceived the presenters of the Life Skills Programme positively, it was suggested that teachers, health care professionals, family members and peers should be involved in presenting the Life Skills Programme. 3. Learners reported various levels of comfort discussing different topics presented in the Life Skills Programme. 4. Learners of all the schools perceived the Life Skills Programme to be very relevant. 5. Learners recommended that more children, especially children from deprived communities, should be included in the programme. In addition, learners felt that counselling services should be available in conjunction with the Life Skills Programme. 6. Differences were noted in completing the first and the second questionnaire. Learners reported that they felt more comfortable completing the second questionnaire. They perceived the interviewing process positively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lambert, Tania
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Evaluation , AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9854 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/390 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1005827 , AIDS (Disease) -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Evaluation , AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Prevention
- Description: Worldwide millions of children are victims of neglect and physical and mental harm, including sexual abuse and exploitation. South Africa, however, is widely believed to have not only one of the highest incidences of rape in the world, but also one of the highest levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) transmission. With research findings showing that HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are rapidly increasing globally, young people are, and continue to be, at the forefront of the AIDS pandemic. Therefore, it is suggested that prevention programmes should be aimed particularly at the young. Schools have specifically been recognized as the setting for preventative Life Skills Programmes, having the potential to reach billions of children worldwide. The aim of this study is to explore and describe the perceptions of grade eight and nine learners with regard to the Life Skills Programme that focuses on HIV/AIDS and STI's, rape and child abuse education in the Port Elizabeth region. In order to fulfil the above aim, a qualitative study was undertaken within an exploratory descriptive approach. A non-probability sample of four schools was selected. Focus groups, utilising an unstructured interview, were used to gather qualitative data on the learners' perceptions of the Life Skills Programme. The focus groups consisted of 10 - 12 grade eight and nine learners who were selected using simple random sampling. The data was thematically analysed using Tesch's approach. The major findings of the present study, based on the six general themes, include the following: 1. Most of the learners perceived the educators, as well as the teaching methods utilised by the educators, positively. 2. Although the learners perceived the presenters of the Life Skills Programme positively, it was suggested that teachers, health care professionals, family members and peers should be involved in presenting the Life Skills Programme. 3. Learners reported various levels of comfort discussing different topics presented in the Life Skills Programme. 4. Learners of all the schools perceived the Life Skills Programme to be very relevant. 5. Learners recommended that more children, especially children from deprived communities, should be included in the programme. In addition, learners felt that counselling services should be available in conjunction with the Life Skills Programme. 6. Differences were noted in completing the first and the second questionnaire. Learners reported that they felt more comfortable completing the second questionnaire. They perceived the interviewing process positively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
An integrated skills development model for emerging construction contractors in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Lazarus, Spencer
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Contractors -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Contractors -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10928 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/170 , Contractors -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Contractors -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: One of the challenges faced by many government decision-makers today relates to the need for a construction development programme that comprehensively addresses the challenges faced in delivery of building and infrastructure projects. Investment into such programmes should be justified and measured by increased contractor capacity to execute projects and grow their businesses. The Eastern Cape Development Corporation (ECDC) intends to develop and pilot an emerging contractor development programme with the assistance of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). In implementing the project, the CSIR and the ECDC will assume the role of the project managers, responsible for planning, executing and coordinating the entire training and mentorship programme. Suitably qualified training providers and mentors have been sourced from private enterprises and individuals. Sixty contractors throughout the province will be selected to form part of the program. Training providers and mentors will provide high quality inputs to enable a group of selected contractors to be assessed and accredited by the Construction Education and Training Authority (CETA) in terms of the National Qualifications Framework (NQF). This dissertation addresses the requirements that an integrated development model needs to be effective in terms of emerging contractors’ further development and sustainable growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lazarus, Spencer
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Contractors -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Contractors -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10928 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/170 , Contractors -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Contractors -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: One of the challenges faced by many government decision-makers today relates to the need for a construction development programme that comprehensively addresses the challenges faced in delivery of building and infrastructure projects. Investment into such programmes should be justified and measured by increased contractor capacity to execute projects and grow their businesses. The Eastern Cape Development Corporation (ECDC) intends to develop and pilot an emerging contractor development programme with the assistance of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). In implementing the project, the CSIR and the ECDC will assume the role of the project managers, responsible for planning, executing and coordinating the entire training and mentorship programme. Suitably qualified training providers and mentors have been sourced from private enterprises and individuals. Sixty contractors throughout the province will be selected to form part of the program. Training providers and mentors will provide high quality inputs to enable a group of selected contractors to be assessed and accredited by the Construction Education and Training Authority (CETA) in terms of the National Qualifications Framework (NQF). This dissertation addresses the requirements that an integrated development model needs to be effective in terms of emerging contractors’ further development and sustainable growth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Agroforestry tree products (AFTPs): Targeting poverty reduction and enhanced livelihoods
- Leakey, Roger R, Tchoundjeu, Zac, Schreckenberg, Kate, Shackleton, Sheona E, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Leakey, Roger R , Tchoundjeu, Zac , Schreckenberg, Kate , Shackleton, Sheona E , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182136 , vital:43803 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2005.9684741"
- Description: Agroforestry tree domestication emerged as a farmer-driven, market-led process in the early 1990s and became an international initiative. A participatory approach now supplements the more traditional aspects of tree improvement, and is seen as an important strategy towards the Millennium Development Goals of eradicating poverty and hunger, promoting social equity and environmental sustainability. Considerable progress has been made towards the domestication of indigenous fruits and nuts in many villages in Cameroon and Nigeria. Vegetatively-propagated cultivars based on a sound knowledge of ‘ideotypes’ derived from an understanding of the tree-to-tree variation in many commercially important traits are being developed by farmers. These are being integrated into polycultural farming systems, especially the cocoa agroforests. Markets for Agroforestry Tree Products (AFTPs) are crucial for the adoption of agroforestry on a scale to have meaningful economic, social and environmental impacts. Important lessons have been learned in southern Africa from detailed studies of the commercialization of AFTPs. These provide support for the wider acceptance of the role of domesticating indigenous trees in the promotion of enhanced livelihoods for poor farmers in the tropics. Policy guidelines have been developed in support of this sustainable rural development as an alternative strategy to those proposed in many other major development and conservation fora.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Leakey, Roger R , Tchoundjeu, Zac , Schreckenberg, Kate , Shackleton, Sheona E , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182136 , vital:43803 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2005.9684741"
- Description: Agroforestry tree domestication emerged as a farmer-driven, market-led process in the early 1990s and became an international initiative. A participatory approach now supplements the more traditional aspects of tree improvement, and is seen as an important strategy towards the Millennium Development Goals of eradicating poverty and hunger, promoting social equity and environmental sustainability. Considerable progress has been made towards the domestication of indigenous fruits and nuts in many villages in Cameroon and Nigeria. Vegetatively-propagated cultivars based on a sound knowledge of ‘ideotypes’ derived from an understanding of the tree-to-tree variation in many commercially important traits are being developed by farmers. These are being integrated into polycultural farming systems, especially the cocoa agroforests. Markets for Agroforestry Tree Products (AFTPs) are crucial for the adoption of agroforestry on a scale to have meaningful economic, social and environmental impacts. Important lessons have been learned in southern Africa from detailed studies of the commercialization of AFTPs. These provide support for the wider acceptance of the role of domesticating indigenous trees in the promotion of enhanced livelihoods for poor farmers in the tropics. Policy guidelines have been developed in support of this sustainable rural development as an alternative strategy to those proposed in many other major development and conservation fora.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Feminisation a period of labour market changes in South Africa
- Authors: Lee, Deborah Ellen
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Women -- Employment -- South Africa , Discrimination in employment -- South Africa , Wages -- Women -- South Africa , Labor supply -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:11008 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/363 , Women -- Employment -- South Africa , Discrimination in employment -- South Africa , Wages -- Women -- South Africa , Labor supply -- South Africa
- Description: The post-1994 role of women in the South African economy is changing with respect to issues such as education and employment opportunities. In the past, men tended to hold the primary or ‘good’ jobs, which have the greatest stability and promotional potential, whilst women tended to hold the secondary or ‘poor’ jobs, which have lower stability and lower wages (Kelly, 1991). Women’s labour force participation has risen significantly over the years since 1994, but more in depth research is needed in order to determine where and how changes could be implemented to ensure that any past gender inequalities fall away with minimal impact on the economy as a whole. As such, certain dynamics within the labour market need to be considered. Firstly, pre-market types of discrimination, including issues such as gender discrimination during the acquisition of human capital through educational attainment should be considered. In most countries, women enter the labour market with severe disadvantage in that they have been subject to discrimination in schooling opportunities (Standing, Sender & Weeks, 1996). Secondly, the feminisation of the labour force is dealt with, as well as what factors affect the female labour force participation decision (i.e. the decision of whether to participate in the labour market or not). iv Thirdly, employment discrimination is investigated, including the concept of ‘occupational crowding’. An analysis of trends in the occupational structure of economically active women in South Africa shows the typical shift out of agriculture into industrial related jobs (Verhoef, 1996). Lastly, wage discrimination is analysed, in order to determine if women get lower rates of pay for ‘equal work’. The objectives of this study are aimed at determining whether there have been any positive changes with respect to women in any of these focal areas mentioned above. There are studies that have established gender differentials when it comes to formal education, and these place women at the disadvantaged end (Bankole & Eboiyehi, 2000). If one considers the educational measures, namely, the levels of literacy, years of education, and overall educational attainment, employed by this country to determine whether there are in fact observed differences between the education of boys and girls, the following was found: Males rate higher with respect to two of these measures, namely literacy and educational attainment, and are thus able to exhibit lower levels of poverty than females in South Africa. Men exhibit slightly higher literacy rates than women of the same age (Statistics South Africa, 2002), and men also rate higher than women when it comes to university education. With regards to primary and secondary school attainment v since 1994, the gender gap does appear to have disappeared. The ‘neoclassical model of labour-leisure choice’, as applied in this study, shows that as the wage rate increases, women have an incentive to reduce the time they allocate to the household sector and are more likely to enter the labour market. In South Africa, however, the increase in the female participation rate has merely translated into a rise in unemployment and has not been associated with an increase in the demand for female labour. This implies that South African women are being ‘pushed’ into the labour market due to economic need, rather than being ‘pulled’ into the labour market in order to earn a higher wage. Women are gradually becoming better represented at all levels across a wide range of occupations. Women, however, continue to face greater prospects of unemployment and to earn less than their male counterparts even when they do find employment. These lower female wages are partly as a result of ‘occupational crowding’, whereby women are over-represented in certain occupations resulting in excess labour supply which drives down the wage rate. It has been determined that the problem of occupational crowding is a real and immediate one and has been found to depress wages within certain female specific occupations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lee, Deborah Ellen
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Women -- Employment -- South Africa , Discrimination in employment -- South Africa , Wages -- Women -- South Africa , Labor supply -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:11008 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/363 , Women -- Employment -- South Africa , Discrimination in employment -- South Africa , Wages -- Women -- South Africa , Labor supply -- South Africa
- Description: The post-1994 role of women in the South African economy is changing with respect to issues such as education and employment opportunities. In the past, men tended to hold the primary or ‘good’ jobs, which have the greatest stability and promotional potential, whilst women tended to hold the secondary or ‘poor’ jobs, which have lower stability and lower wages (Kelly, 1991). Women’s labour force participation has risen significantly over the years since 1994, but more in depth research is needed in order to determine where and how changes could be implemented to ensure that any past gender inequalities fall away with minimal impact on the economy as a whole. As such, certain dynamics within the labour market need to be considered. Firstly, pre-market types of discrimination, including issues such as gender discrimination during the acquisition of human capital through educational attainment should be considered. In most countries, women enter the labour market with severe disadvantage in that they have been subject to discrimination in schooling opportunities (Standing, Sender & Weeks, 1996). Secondly, the feminisation of the labour force is dealt with, as well as what factors affect the female labour force participation decision (i.e. the decision of whether to participate in the labour market or not). iv Thirdly, employment discrimination is investigated, including the concept of ‘occupational crowding’. An analysis of trends in the occupational structure of economically active women in South Africa shows the typical shift out of agriculture into industrial related jobs (Verhoef, 1996). Lastly, wage discrimination is analysed, in order to determine if women get lower rates of pay for ‘equal work’. The objectives of this study are aimed at determining whether there have been any positive changes with respect to women in any of these focal areas mentioned above. There are studies that have established gender differentials when it comes to formal education, and these place women at the disadvantaged end (Bankole & Eboiyehi, 2000). If one considers the educational measures, namely, the levels of literacy, years of education, and overall educational attainment, employed by this country to determine whether there are in fact observed differences between the education of boys and girls, the following was found: Males rate higher with respect to two of these measures, namely literacy and educational attainment, and are thus able to exhibit lower levels of poverty than females in South Africa. Men exhibit slightly higher literacy rates than women of the same age (Statistics South Africa, 2002), and men also rate higher than women when it comes to university education. With regards to primary and secondary school attainment v since 1994, the gender gap does appear to have disappeared. The ‘neoclassical model of labour-leisure choice’, as applied in this study, shows that as the wage rate increases, women have an incentive to reduce the time they allocate to the household sector and are more likely to enter the labour market. In South Africa, however, the increase in the female participation rate has merely translated into a rise in unemployment and has not been associated with an increase in the demand for female labour. This implies that South African women are being ‘pushed’ into the labour market due to economic need, rather than being ‘pulled’ into the labour market in order to earn a higher wage. Women are gradually becoming better represented at all levels across a wide range of occupations. Women, however, continue to face greater prospects of unemployment and to earn less than their male counterparts even when they do find employment. These lower female wages are partly as a result of ‘occupational crowding’, whereby women are over-represented in certain occupations resulting in excess labour supply which drives down the wage rate. It has been determined that the problem of occupational crowding is a real and immediate one and has been found to depress wages within certain female specific occupations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
A study of current and potential future commuter transportation requirements in Kagiso township
- Authors: Lefutso, David
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Commuters -- South Africa -- Gauteng Urban transportation -- South Africa -- Gauteng Urban transportation -- South Africa -- Gauteng -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:765 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003886
- Description: This study is intended to unpack the current and potential future commuter transport requirements in Kagiso Township within the context of transport planning and the ongoing transformation of the transport sector in South Africa. In order to meet the above challenges, it was felt that an investigation of the socio-economic profile of transport users in Kagiso Township was required, which would be indicative of potential needs and requirements in terms of current and future travel infrastructure. This study is significant, as it considers the impact of socio-economic factors and transport interactions by fully examining the impact of accessibility, urban development patterns, local mobility and planning. Mogale City’s Kagiso Township was selected for in-depth study because it has seen one of the highest urbanization rates in Gauteng Province, with people from all over Gauteng relocating to this suburb, either buying relatively moderately priced housing via mortgaging or, alternatively, trying to gain access to government low-cost housing. The study investigates the connection between socio-economic characteristics of a local population (inter alia, age, gender, household size, and vehicles per household, employment status and income) and their transport requirements (travel demand forecasting), within an urban transport context. Socio-economic characteristics of a population are important in transport demand forecasting because there is a general belief in transport planning that the predisposition to travel and trip generation vary with the characteristics of the traveller. A travel demand forecasting model by Bussière and Rice (1999) is used for the purposes of simulating existing and future travel patterns. The forecasted household mobility and needs of commuters in Kagiso Township are compared with current municipal plans to see whether such plans are realistic and can address existing needs. The evaluation of the current municipal plans is included to test the responsiveness of public policy and practice towards the needs of the affected local community. This evaluation extracted information on whether the relevant municipality has identified the problems and issues affecting the local community of Kagiso Township. In addition, it assessed whether the municipality has identified possible solutions to these problems and issues and whether it has prioritised any projects to improve transportation in Kagiso Township.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lefutso, David
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Commuters -- South Africa -- Gauteng Urban transportation -- South Africa -- Gauteng Urban transportation -- South Africa -- Gauteng -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:765 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003886
- Description: This study is intended to unpack the current and potential future commuter transport requirements in Kagiso Township within the context of transport planning and the ongoing transformation of the transport sector in South Africa. In order to meet the above challenges, it was felt that an investigation of the socio-economic profile of transport users in Kagiso Township was required, which would be indicative of potential needs and requirements in terms of current and future travel infrastructure. This study is significant, as it considers the impact of socio-economic factors and transport interactions by fully examining the impact of accessibility, urban development patterns, local mobility and planning. Mogale City’s Kagiso Township was selected for in-depth study because it has seen one of the highest urbanization rates in Gauteng Province, with people from all over Gauteng relocating to this suburb, either buying relatively moderately priced housing via mortgaging or, alternatively, trying to gain access to government low-cost housing. The study investigates the connection between socio-economic characteristics of a local population (inter alia, age, gender, household size, and vehicles per household, employment status and income) and their transport requirements (travel demand forecasting), within an urban transport context. Socio-economic characteristics of a population are important in transport demand forecasting because there is a general belief in transport planning that the predisposition to travel and trip generation vary with the characteristics of the traveller. A travel demand forecasting model by Bussière and Rice (1999) is used for the purposes of simulating existing and future travel patterns. The forecasted household mobility and needs of commuters in Kagiso Township are compared with current municipal plans to see whether such plans are realistic and can address existing needs. The evaluation of the current municipal plans is included to test the responsiveness of public policy and practice towards the needs of the affected local community. This evaluation extracted information on whether the relevant municipality has identified the problems and issues affecting the local community of Kagiso Township. In addition, it assessed whether the municipality has identified possible solutions to these problems and issues and whether it has prioritised any projects to improve transportation in Kagiso Township.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Recognition and development of the Irish Draught horse
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6728 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007163
- Description: The number of horses in Ireland had shown remarkable consistency from 1861 until just before 1951. Between the end of the Second World War and 1951 there was a rapid decrease in the number of working horses, and the rate of the decrease accelerated during the decade of the 1950s and the early 1960s. Throughout the 1960s popular emphasis was placed on mechanisation, as if there were no role for the horse as a working animal. Even the production of pleasure horses seems to have been initially regarded as of little value. The 1970s were a sad period for both light and heavy draught horses in County Cork, as in the rest of Ireland. With increased mechanisation, the market for heavy draught animals which had previously dominated transport in the city of Cork, came to an end. There was a great danger that the Irish Draught would soon become extinct, so the formation of the Irish Draught Horse Society in 1976 was of great importance for the development of the Irish Draught as a breed. In 1982 this society published the "Breed Standard and Guideline", the first time that an official standard had been published for an Irish Draught. Despite various schemes during the 1980s and 1990s designed to increase the number and improve the quality of the Irish Draught horse population, it is, at the beginning of the 21st Century, one of the world's endangered breeds.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6728 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007163
- Description: The number of horses in Ireland had shown remarkable consistency from 1861 until just before 1951. Between the end of the Second World War and 1951 there was a rapid decrease in the number of working horses, and the rate of the decrease accelerated during the decade of the 1950s and the early 1960s. Throughout the 1960s popular emphasis was placed on mechanisation, as if there were no role for the horse as a working animal. Even the production of pleasure horses seems to have been initially regarded as of little value. The 1970s were a sad period for both light and heavy draught horses in County Cork, as in the rest of Ireland. With increased mechanisation, the market for heavy draught animals which had previously dominated transport in the city of Cork, came to an end. There was a great danger that the Irish Draught would soon become extinct, so the formation of the Irish Draught Horse Society in 1976 was of great importance for the development of the Irish Draught as a breed. In 1982 this society published the "Breed Standard and Guideline", the first time that an official standard had been published for an Irish Draught. Despite various schemes during the 1980s and 1990s designed to increase the number and improve the quality of the Irish Draught horse population, it is, at the beginning of the 21st Century, one of the world's endangered breeds.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2005
Late glacial and holocene palaeoclimatology of the Drakensberg of the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6692 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006727
- Description: Eight climatic events during the Holocene are evidenced in the East Cape Drakensberg by fluvial, archaeological and palynological deposits. Flood plain deposition under relatively moist conditions occurred in the Early Holocene, before ca. 7000 BP. Semi-arid conditions with limited fluvial activity dominated the Mid Holocene until ca. 3200 BP. Alternating flood plain erosion and deposition occurred in the Late Holocene. Four climatic events, for which there is palynological and limited archaeological evidence, have been identified in the Late Glacial.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6692 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006727
- Description: Eight climatic events during the Holocene are evidenced in the East Cape Drakensberg by fluvial, archaeological and palynological deposits. Flood plain deposition under relatively moist conditions occurred in the Early Holocene, before ca. 7000 BP. Semi-arid conditions with limited fluvial activity dominated the Mid Holocene until ca. 3200 BP. Alternating flood plain erosion and deposition occurred in the Late Holocene. Four climatic events, for which there is palynological and limited archaeological evidence, have been identified in the Late Glacial.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Glasbury muscle men
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6175 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012368
- Description: Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6175 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012368
- Description: Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2005
The glaciations of Wales and adjacent areas, Introduction and Chapter 8: The upper Wye and USK regions
- Lewis, Colin A, Thomas, G S P
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Thomas, G S P
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6727 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007160
- Description: [From the preface]: The landscapes of Wales and adjacent areas have been profoundly influenced by glaciation. Much attention has been paid to the origins of the Welsh landscape, and, especially, to its morphology. This book, like its predecessor, "The glaciations of Wales and adjoining regions", published in 1970, aims to encourage and guide further research into the glacial history of Wales and its borderlands. [From Chapter 8]: Mid-Wales was probably glaciated on at least two occasions during the Pleistocene. The glacial sediments and landforms discussed in this chapter appear to be of Late Devensian age. The scale of glaciation during the Late Devensian varied from ice-sheet to cirque glacier in size. During glaciation the mid-Wales ice-sheet shrank to become two major valley glaciers, those of the Wye and the Usk. The age of deglaciation, especially in the Wye drainage basin, is a matter for debate and much absolute dating is still needed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Thomas, G S P
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6727 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007160
- Description: [From the preface]: The landscapes of Wales and adjacent areas have been profoundly influenced by glaciation. Much attention has been paid to the origins of the Welsh landscape, and, especially, to its morphology. This book, like its predecessor, "The glaciations of Wales and adjoining regions", published in 1970, aims to encourage and guide further research into the glacial history of Wales and its borderlands. [From Chapter 8]: Mid-Wales was probably glaciated on at least two occasions during the Pleistocene. The glacial sediments and landforms discussed in this chapter appear to be of Late Devensian age. The scale of glaciation during the Late Devensian varied from ice-sheet to cirque glacier in size. During glaciation the mid-Wales ice-sheet shrank to become two major valley glaciers, those of the Wye and the Usk. The age of deglaciation, especially in the Wye drainage basin, is a matter for debate and much absolute dating is still needed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Progress in ringing : an African experience
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6172 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012363
- Description: Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6172 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012363
- Description: Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Situated culture, ethics and new learning theory: emerging perspectives in environmental education research
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6095 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008617
- Description: Celebrating the 8th International Invitational Research and Development Seminar. This edition of the EEASA Journal celebrates the hosting of the 8th International Invitational Research and Development Seminar on Environmental and Health Education in South Africa in March 2005. The International Invitational Research and Development Seminars are ‘special events’ in the field of environmental and health education research. They are characterised by their democratic, deliberative nature, and by their intent to scope innovation and methodological issues. First established some years ago in Copenhagen, Denmark, these seminars have provided an evolving international forum for researchers interested in research methodology to meet and frame new themes, trends and issues arising in the field of environmental education and health education research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6095 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008617
- Description: Celebrating the 8th International Invitational Research and Development Seminar. This edition of the EEASA Journal celebrates the hosting of the 8th International Invitational Research and Development Seminar on Environmental and Health Education in South Africa in March 2005. The International Invitational Research and Development Seminars are ‘special events’ in the field of environmental and health education research. They are characterised by their democratic, deliberative nature, and by their intent to scope innovation and methodological issues. First established some years ago in Copenhagen, Denmark, these seminars have provided an evolving international forum for researchers interested in research methodology to meet and frame new themes, trends and issues arising in the field of environmental education and health education research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Reflections on the ‘3rd World Environmental Education Congress: Educational pathways towards sustainability’, Italy, 2005
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6096 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008619
- Description: Conference Theme: The congress theme ‘Educational pathways towards sustainability’ foregrounded the current ‘state of play’ in environmental education / education for sustainability, at the start of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD), and drew attention to the role of education in creating pathways towards sustainability. Mario Solomone, convenor of the congress, in his orientation to the congress describes the congress as being about ‘cultural changes and cultural forces for change’, highlighting the role of education, training and communication in redirecting values, knowledge and behaviour to construct a human society ‘that is fairer and more aware of the equilibrium of a beautiful and fragile planet’ (Salomone, 2005: 6). To facilitate deliberations during the conference a set of interrelated themes were established which included: communication and the environment; paths to sustainability; research and assessment in environmental education; sustainable education; training the trainers; community awareness; promoting participation and governance and creating a network; economics and ecology; environment and health; farming and related issues; ethics; and emotional involvements. These congress themes, together with an impressive array of keynote papers kept congress participants actively engaged with the question of the DESD.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6096 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008619
- Description: Conference Theme: The congress theme ‘Educational pathways towards sustainability’ foregrounded the current ‘state of play’ in environmental education / education for sustainability, at the start of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD), and drew attention to the role of education in creating pathways towards sustainability. Mario Solomone, convenor of the congress, in his orientation to the congress describes the congress as being about ‘cultural changes and cultural forces for change’, highlighting the role of education, training and communication in redirecting values, knowledge and behaviour to construct a human society ‘that is fairer and more aware of the equilibrium of a beautiful and fragile planet’ (Salomone, 2005: 6). To facilitate deliberations during the conference a set of interrelated themes were established which included: communication and the environment; paths to sustainability; research and assessment in environmental education; sustainable education; training the trainers; community awareness; promoting participation and governance and creating a network; economics and ecology; environment and health; farming and related issues; ethics; and emotional involvements. These congress themes, together with an impressive array of keynote papers kept congress participants actively engaged with the question of the DESD.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
A case study of stakeholders' perceptions of the management implications of the discipline provisions of the 1996 Schools Act in a rural Eastern Cape high school
- Authors: Luggya, Daniel
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: High school students -- Discipline -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Discipline of children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School discipline -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Corporal punishment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School discipline -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1897 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006156
- Description: South Africa's education management system has undergone a long history of transformation from the promulgation of the Bantu Education Act of 1953 to the realisation of democracy, and in this context, the South Mrican Schools Act (SASA) of l996. Apartheid legislation and the new democratic legislation have had a profound impact on the education leadership and management of schools, in which authoritarian management practices have been replaced by democratic management practices. However, democratic management practices have not yet had a significant effect in the leadership and management of schools, especially in the schools of previously disadvantaged areas. This thesis seeks to examine perceptions held by education stakeholders in the light of the rights of students as stipulated in the discipline provisions of the Schools Act of 1996, in one of the rural high schools in the Northern Region of the Eastern Cape Province. One of the most important discipline provisions is the ban on corporal punishment in schools. My intention in carrying out this research was not to generalise my findings but to understand the experiences and perceptions of the stakeholders in this school regarding the discipline provisions of the SASA. The data suggest that authoritarian education practices, especially corporal punishment, are still a factor in the maintenance of student discipline in this rural school. Stakeholders still believe in the use of corporal punishment as the only way of maintaining discipline and an orderly environment for teaching and learning. Such beliefs, assumptions and values concerning the use of corporal punishment are held by the principal, teachers, students and parents and have not changed since 1996. Beliefs, assumptions and values on the exclusive use of power by the principal on issues of suspension and expulsion are still being held by the above stakeholders in the school. The vision of the SASA that schools become autonomous institutions with democratic leadership and management practices does not seem to be practical because of the centralisation of power in the hands of the Provincial Head of the Education Department. This centralisation of power denies the principal and other stakeholders of the school the power to decide on crucial matters like the expulsion of misbehaving students, because it is the provincial Head who decides on the seriousness of offences committed by misbehaving students and subsequent expulsions. Apart from the location of power in the Provincial Head of the Education Department, the stakeholders of this school are also powerless on expulsion of students, or any other form of punishment because of the implication of the "right" to education in the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The education department has to devise programmes that change the beliefs and assumptions of stakeholders on corporal punishment and decision-making on expulsions and suspensions. Unfortunately corporal punishment persists because parents use it in the home and support its use in school. Programmes on alternatives to corporal punishment are required for the smooth implementation of the SASA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Luggya, Daniel
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: High school students -- Discipline -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Discipline of children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School discipline -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Corporal punishment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School discipline -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1897 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006156
- Description: South Africa's education management system has undergone a long history of transformation from the promulgation of the Bantu Education Act of 1953 to the realisation of democracy, and in this context, the South Mrican Schools Act (SASA) of l996. Apartheid legislation and the new democratic legislation have had a profound impact on the education leadership and management of schools, in which authoritarian management practices have been replaced by democratic management practices. However, democratic management practices have not yet had a significant effect in the leadership and management of schools, especially in the schools of previously disadvantaged areas. This thesis seeks to examine perceptions held by education stakeholders in the light of the rights of students as stipulated in the discipline provisions of the Schools Act of 1996, in one of the rural high schools in the Northern Region of the Eastern Cape Province. One of the most important discipline provisions is the ban on corporal punishment in schools. My intention in carrying out this research was not to generalise my findings but to understand the experiences and perceptions of the stakeholders in this school regarding the discipline provisions of the SASA. The data suggest that authoritarian education practices, especially corporal punishment, are still a factor in the maintenance of student discipline in this rural school. Stakeholders still believe in the use of corporal punishment as the only way of maintaining discipline and an orderly environment for teaching and learning. Such beliefs, assumptions and values concerning the use of corporal punishment are held by the principal, teachers, students and parents and have not changed since 1996. Beliefs, assumptions and values on the exclusive use of power by the principal on issues of suspension and expulsion are still being held by the above stakeholders in the school. The vision of the SASA that schools become autonomous institutions with democratic leadership and management practices does not seem to be practical because of the centralisation of power in the hands of the Provincial Head of the Education Department. This centralisation of power denies the principal and other stakeholders of the school the power to decide on crucial matters like the expulsion of misbehaving students, because it is the provincial Head who decides on the seriousness of offences committed by misbehaving students and subsequent expulsions. Apart from the location of power in the Provincial Head of the Education Department, the stakeholders of this school are also powerless on expulsion of students, or any other form of punishment because of the implication of the "right" to education in the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The education department has to devise programmes that change the beliefs and assumptions of stakeholders on corporal punishment and decision-making on expulsions and suspensions. Unfortunately corporal punishment persists because parents use it in the home and support its use in school. Programmes on alternatives to corporal punishment are required for the smooth implementation of the SASA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Methodological Decisions in Context: The dilemmas and challenges of novice African scholars
- Lupele, Justin, Mwingi, Mweru, Kinyanjui, Felistus, Kimani, Joyce, Kisamba, Christine
- Authors: Lupele, Justin , Mwingi, Mweru , Kinyanjui, Felistus , Kimani, Joyce , Kisamba, Christine
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373734 , vital:66717 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122698"
- Description: This paper emerges out of a panel discussion during a PhD week and subsequent 8th International Environmental Education Invitation Seminar held at Rhodes University in 2004 and 2005 respectively. It illuminates some insights into our struggles (as novice African researchers) in trying to respond to contextual realities as we research education and social change in African contexts, seeking insight into what counts as legitimate research in this context. The paper considers our struggles at conceptual, methodological, analytical and data generation levels, and in a politics of research. This is done by means of examples drawn from five current doctoral research projects being undertaken in east and southern African regions, using a review framework that represents fairly common dimensions of PhD research. We conclude that research, when defined rigidly within research disciplines/paradigms (as have been defined in some – primarily Western – research trajectories) may fail to take into account African social and contextual realities when applied uncritically. We argue that there is need for researchers in Africa to consider a multiplicity of approaches if research is to be meaningful in, and responsive to, social and contextual realities. In particular, we argue for taking account of socio historical and socio-cultural contexts in creating African epistemology in and through research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lupele, Justin , Mwingi, Mweru , Kinyanjui, Felistus , Kimani, Joyce , Kisamba, Christine
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373734 , vital:66717 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122698"
- Description: This paper emerges out of a panel discussion during a PhD week and subsequent 8th International Environmental Education Invitation Seminar held at Rhodes University in 2004 and 2005 respectively. It illuminates some insights into our struggles (as novice African researchers) in trying to respond to contextual realities as we research education and social change in African contexts, seeking insight into what counts as legitimate research in this context. The paper considers our struggles at conceptual, methodological, analytical and data generation levels, and in a politics of research. This is done by means of examples drawn from five current doctoral research projects being undertaken in east and southern African regions, using a review framework that represents fairly common dimensions of PhD research. We conclude that research, when defined rigidly within research disciplines/paradigms (as have been defined in some – primarily Western – research trajectories) may fail to take into account African social and contextual realities when applied uncritically. We argue that there is need for researchers in Africa to consider a multiplicity of approaches if research is to be meaningful in, and responsive to, social and contextual realities. In particular, we argue for taking account of socio historical and socio-cultural contexts in creating African epistemology in and through research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Aspects of the reproductive biology of monkfish Lophius vomerinus off Namibia
- Maartens, Lima, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Maartens, Lima , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123831 , vital:35504 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320509504090
- Description: Aspects of the reproductive biology of monkfish Lophius vomerinus are described from material collected during hake Merluccius spp. biomass surveys and from commercial monkfish and sole Austroglossus microlepis vessels between January 1996 and June 2000 off Namibia at depths between 97m and 686m. Length-at-50% sexual maturity for males and females were estimated at 39.9cm and 58.2cm respectively, males maturing faster than females. The adult sex ratio of fish >50cm total length was strongly biased towards females. There was reproductive activity throughout the year, peaking slightly between autumn and spring.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Maartens, Lima , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123831 , vital:35504 , https://doi.10.2989/18142320509504090
- Description: Aspects of the reproductive biology of monkfish Lophius vomerinus are described from material collected during hake Merluccius spp. biomass surveys and from commercial monkfish and sole Austroglossus microlepis vessels between January 1996 and June 2000 off Namibia at depths between 97m and 686m. Length-at-50% sexual maturity for males and females were estimated at 39.9cm and 58.2cm respectively, males maturing faster than females. The adult sex ratio of fish >50cm total length was strongly biased towards females. There was reproductive activity throughout the year, peaking slightly between autumn and spring.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Screening of technologies for the recovery of rhodium (III) metal ions from a precious metal refinery wastewater
- Authors: Mack, Cherie-Lynn
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Rhodium , Metal ions , Sewage -- Purification -- Metals removal , Platinum group
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3987 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004046 , Rhodium , Metal ions , Sewage -- Purification -- Metals removal , Platinum group
- Description: The selective recovery of rhodium from wastewaters, in which the metal would be otherwise lost, would be highly profitable if the process were suitably low-cost. Current recovery processes are generally high maintenance and high-cost, whereas biological processes can be engineered to run with little external input in terms of cost and maintenance. Three emerging technologies were chosen based on their reported efficiency when removing base metals from wastewaters. The first technology screened, the sulphide-extraction membrane bioreactor (SEMB), consists of a sulphate-reducing prokaryote (SRP) anaerobic digester, in which a silicone membrane is submerged. Wastewater is passed through the membrane and metal ions are precipitated as metal sulphides by the hydrogen sulphide gas, which is capable of permeating the membrane. The second technology screened was a fluidized sand bed reactor in which metal ions are removed from solution via induction of nucleated precipitation by sodium carbonate onto the sand grains. The third, and most well established removal technology screened was a biosorption system using immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass as the biosorbent. Experimental trials with each technology highlighted drawbacks with each; the SEMB system proved to be largely ineffective when challenged with the removal of rhodium from the wastewater as the rhodium precipitate fouled the membrane within hours, the fluidized bed system seemed unable to overcome the acidity of the wastewater and thus could not precipitate out the rhodium metal, and the efficiency of the biosorption process was hampered by the diversity of rhodium species present in the wastewater, which reduced the amount recovered. The outcomes of the trials with each technology indicated that further optimization of the technology or pretreatment of the wastewater is necessary before any of these options can be implemented. It could be concluded, however, that despite further optimization, both the SEMB and the fluidized bed system were not applicable in this case as precipitation would be non-specific, resulting in the necessity for further steps in order to purify the rhodium ions. Hence, the biosorption system was shown to be most applicable, and further optimization of the system could yield a highly efficient rhodium recovery process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Mack, Cherie-Lynn
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Rhodium , Metal ions , Sewage -- Purification -- Metals removal , Platinum group
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3987 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004046 , Rhodium , Metal ions , Sewage -- Purification -- Metals removal , Platinum group
- Description: The selective recovery of rhodium from wastewaters, in which the metal would be otherwise lost, would be highly profitable if the process were suitably low-cost. Current recovery processes are generally high maintenance and high-cost, whereas biological processes can be engineered to run with little external input in terms of cost and maintenance. Three emerging technologies were chosen based on their reported efficiency when removing base metals from wastewaters. The first technology screened, the sulphide-extraction membrane bioreactor (SEMB), consists of a sulphate-reducing prokaryote (SRP) anaerobic digester, in which a silicone membrane is submerged. Wastewater is passed through the membrane and metal ions are precipitated as metal sulphides by the hydrogen sulphide gas, which is capable of permeating the membrane. The second technology screened was a fluidized sand bed reactor in which metal ions are removed from solution via induction of nucleated precipitation by sodium carbonate onto the sand grains. The third, and most well established removal technology screened was a biosorption system using immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass as the biosorbent. Experimental trials with each technology highlighted drawbacks with each; the SEMB system proved to be largely ineffective when challenged with the removal of rhodium from the wastewater as the rhodium precipitate fouled the membrane within hours, the fluidized bed system seemed unable to overcome the acidity of the wastewater and thus could not precipitate out the rhodium metal, and the efficiency of the biosorption process was hampered by the diversity of rhodium species present in the wastewater, which reduced the amount recovered. The outcomes of the trials with each technology indicated that further optimization of the technology or pretreatment of the wastewater is necessary before any of these options can be implemented. It could be concluded, however, that despite further optimization, both the SEMB and the fluidized bed system were not applicable in this case as precipitation would be non-specific, resulting in the necessity for further steps in order to purify the rhodium ions. Hence, the biosorption system was shown to be most applicable, and further optimization of the system could yield a highly efficient rhodium recovery process.
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- Date Issued: 2005