The successes of infrastructure development in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Matolengwe, Nombasa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Public works -- Finance Economic development Sustainable development -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41010 , vital:36282
- Description: Lack of capacity in the former black areas of South Africa, including lack of proper infrastructure has proven to be one of the problems the country is facing. The apartheid system did not only separate the different racial groups in geographical terms, but also prevented black communities access to infrastructural services. Number of strategies have been undertaken to address the issue of infrastructure gap including Infrastructure Development Act signed by former President Jacob Zuma in 2014, the act was aimed at coordinating and facilitating public infrastructure development. Infrastructure development is significant to the National Development Plan, therefore greater levels of investment in infrastructure will continue into the future. An amount of R379 088 000 000 has been invested in infrastructure development in South African municipalities over the period of three years from 2015. The purpose of this study is to identify critical success factors of infrastructure development projects and to understand what is meant by the term project success in the local government context. The critical success factors in infrastructure development investigated in this study were identified through reviewing the existing literature on critical success factors from 1960’s to 2015, together with relevant municipal frameworks. A questionnaire was developed, focusing on factors for successful delivery of infrastructure development projects, interviews were conducted with Ward Councillors, Integrated Development Plans and Built Environment Performance Plans officials to investigate the meaning of project success in local government context. The study suggests that a project success definition in terms of local government should include community satisfaction, fulfilment of strategic objectives of the municipality and the completed project should serve the purpose it was intended for and must be bringing social change to the area it is being implemented in. The study finds no significant correlation between project success and identified individual critical success factors; however, it has been discovered that risk management, as one of the factors, has a significant positive correlation with other factors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Matolengwe, Nombasa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Public works -- Finance Economic development Sustainable development -- Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41010 , vital:36282
- Description: Lack of capacity in the former black areas of South Africa, including lack of proper infrastructure has proven to be one of the problems the country is facing. The apartheid system did not only separate the different racial groups in geographical terms, but also prevented black communities access to infrastructural services. Number of strategies have been undertaken to address the issue of infrastructure gap including Infrastructure Development Act signed by former President Jacob Zuma in 2014, the act was aimed at coordinating and facilitating public infrastructure development. Infrastructure development is significant to the National Development Plan, therefore greater levels of investment in infrastructure will continue into the future. An amount of R379 088 000 000 has been invested in infrastructure development in South African municipalities over the period of three years from 2015. The purpose of this study is to identify critical success factors of infrastructure development projects and to understand what is meant by the term project success in the local government context. The critical success factors in infrastructure development investigated in this study were identified through reviewing the existing literature on critical success factors from 1960’s to 2015, together with relevant municipal frameworks. A questionnaire was developed, focusing on factors for successful delivery of infrastructure development projects, interviews were conducted with Ward Councillors, Integrated Development Plans and Built Environment Performance Plans officials to investigate the meaning of project success in local government context. The study suggests that a project success definition in terms of local government should include community satisfaction, fulfilment of strategic objectives of the municipality and the completed project should serve the purpose it was intended for and must be bringing social change to the area it is being implemented in. The study finds no significant correlation between project success and identified individual critical success factors; however, it has been discovered that risk management, as one of the factors, has a significant positive correlation with other factors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The status of employees employed by temporary employment services
- Authors: Strydom, Masunet
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Employment agencies -- South Africa , Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa Employees -- South Africa Personnel management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13680 , vital:27295
- Description: The traditional employer-employee relationship came under an increased threat the past two decades with employers finding the option of utilising the services of Labour Brokers more attractive. Various reasons existed for this tendency amongst employers to opt for the use of Labour Brokers, some of these reasons being valid but mostly some reasons being born out of fear for the unknown labour law duties and obligations that were proposed to be placed on employers post 1994. In the absence of an action plan between the role players in the labour fraternity pathing the way traditional employer-employee relationships could be salvage, employers resorted to the appointment of Labour Brokers and Government on their part retaliated by considering either the total ban of Labour Brokers or the regulation of the profession to such an extent that same became largely unattractive and problematic. The non-addressing of problems and fears faced with by employers post 1994 resulted in an opportunity waisted to narrow the gap between employers and employees with the fight over work force power being the more important factor taken into consideration. This treatise will explore the options that faced the roll players post 1994 in the labour market, the reason for choices made and the effect same has had since on the labour market. The problematic amendments made to Section 198 of the Labour Relations Act in an attempt to iron out the wrinkles poor choices made by the stake holders over the regulations of Labour Brokers, will be discussed. The ripple effect the amendments to Section 198 of the Labour Relations Act had on other pieces of South African legislation will be considered and the uncertainty and confusion it has created discussed. Specific attention needs to be drawn to the intention of the legislature as to which party, the Labour Broker or employer, will be responsible for the ramifications of the wrong doings of an employee. Also, which party will be responsible to the employee to fulfil its labour rights as granted in the Constitution of South Africa. Unleashing reaction to the regulations of Temporary Employment Services does not seem to be a problem, the problem arises where the regulations proposed did not unleashed the desired reaction and roll players finding themselves frustrated and with having no alternative as to turn the Courts to solve the largely self-inflicted conundrum. The courts are left with the task of clarifying the legislature’s true intension in amending section 198 of the Labour Relations Act, which impact the writer with all due respect do not think the legislature even appreciated when the amendments were drafted. Currently, there is dividing views on the future of Labour Brokers per se in South Africa and the interpretation concerning Section 198 of the Labour Relations Act, as amended. The focus of this treatise is to highlight the different interpretations given to these amendments this far and highlight that if it is in fact the wish of stake holders in the Labour fraternity that Labour Brokers should continue to exist, clarification is needed by our Constitution Court on certain vital issues and as discussed in this treatise.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Strydom, Masunet
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Employment agencies -- South Africa , Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa Employees -- South Africa Personnel management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13680 , vital:27295
- Description: The traditional employer-employee relationship came under an increased threat the past two decades with employers finding the option of utilising the services of Labour Brokers more attractive. Various reasons existed for this tendency amongst employers to opt for the use of Labour Brokers, some of these reasons being valid but mostly some reasons being born out of fear for the unknown labour law duties and obligations that were proposed to be placed on employers post 1994. In the absence of an action plan between the role players in the labour fraternity pathing the way traditional employer-employee relationships could be salvage, employers resorted to the appointment of Labour Brokers and Government on their part retaliated by considering either the total ban of Labour Brokers or the regulation of the profession to such an extent that same became largely unattractive and problematic. The non-addressing of problems and fears faced with by employers post 1994 resulted in an opportunity waisted to narrow the gap between employers and employees with the fight over work force power being the more important factor taken into consideration. This treatise will explore the options that faced the roll players post 1994 in the labour market, the reason for choices made and the effect same has had since on the labour market. The problematic amendments made to Section 198 of the Labour Relations Act in an attempt to iron out the wrinkles poor choices made by the stake holders over the regulations of Labour Brokers, will be discussed. The ripple effect the amendments to Section 198 of the Labour Relations Act had on other pieces of South African legislation will be considered and the uncertainty and confusion it has created discussed. Specific attention needs to be drawn to the intention of the legislature as to which party, the Labour Broker or employer, will be responsible for the ramifications of the wrong doings of an employee. Also, which party will be responsible to the employee to fulfil its labour rights as granted in the Constitution of South Africa. Unleashing reaction to the regulations of Temporary Employment Services does not seem to be a problem, the problem arises where the regulations proposed did not unleashed the desired reaction and roll players finding themselves frustrated and with having no alternative as to turn the Courts to solve the largely self-inflicted conundrum. The courts are left with the task of clarifying the legislature’s true intension in amending section 198 of the Labour Relations Act, which impact the writer with all due respect do not think the legislature even appreciated when the amendments were drafted. Currently, there is dividing views on the future of Labour Brokers per se in South Africa and the interpretation concerning Section 198 of the Labour Relations Act, as amended. The focus of this treatise is to highlight the different interpretations given to these amendments this far and highlight that if it is in fact the wish of stake holders in the Labour fraternity that Labour Brokers should continue to exist, clarification is needed by our Constitution Court on certain vital issues and as discussed in this treatise.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The State of Social Media Policy Awareness and Compliance at the Nelson Mandela University
- Authors: Ngcama, Lwando
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Social Media , Awareness , Compliance -- Nelson Mandela University
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49550 , vital:41735
- Description: The use of social media in higher education has both benefits and pitfalls. Higher education institutions are concerned about their staff and students’ use of social media and have thus resorted to implementing social media policies and guidelines. The Nelson Mandela University has implemented a social media policy and guidelines to inform and enforce the acceptable use of social media by its staff and students. In order to know whether staff and students of the Nelson Mandela University are aware of and compliant with its policy and guidelines, it is necessary to measure their level of awareness and compliance. Within this context, the primary objective of this study is to describe the state of awareness and compliance of staff and students at the Nelson Mandela University towards its social media policy and social media guidelines. In order to address the primary objective, the uses, benefits and risks of social media in higher education were identified through a literature review. The literature review revealed that social media is used in higher education to support and manage teaching and learning, marketing and crisis management, and for other purposes which may be specific to higher education stakeholders (both staff and students). The risks of social media use in higher education were revealed to be associated with institutional reputation, online content, privacy, intellectual property and the types of media shared by the stakeholders. The role of social media policies and guidelines in higher education was then described, based on a preliminary literature study which reviewed social media policies and guidelines implemented in higher education. Furthermore, the aspects of awareness and compliance towards social media policies and ii guidelines in higher education were also discussed. A general guide for the creation of social media policies and guidelines was identified and used to compare the nature and content of South African public universities’ social media policies and guidelines. Through comparative content analysis, the content of the universities’ social media policy and guidelines was compared, similarities and variances between were drawn, and the role of social media policies and guidelines was further explored. Finally, the knowledge of staff and students at the Nelson Mandela University in respect to the university’s social media policy and guidelines was measured and described through the use of a survey questionnaire and statistical analysis of the data collected. The results of the analysis indicated an overall medium level of awareness for both staff and students, with a mean average score of 3.2; while both groups demonstrated an overall high level of compliance towards the social media policy and guidelines, with a mean average score of 4.3. By addressing the primary objective, the contribution made by this study thus informs the Nelson Mandela University of the extent to which its social media policy and guidelines align with those of other South African public universities, and it indicates where the Nelson Mandela University should look to improve its staff and students’ awareness of and compliance with its social media policy and guidelines. , Thesis (MIT) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-12
- Authors: Ngcama, Lwando
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Social Media , Awareness , Compliance -- Nelson Mandela University
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49550 , vital:41735
- Description: The use of social media in higher education has both benefits and pitfalls. Higher education institutions are concerned about their staff and students’ use of social media and have thus resorted to implementing social media policies and guidelines. The Nelson Mandela University has implemented a social media policy and guidelines to inform and enforce the acceptable use of social media by its staff and students. In order to know whether staff and students of the Nelson Mandela University are aware of and compliant with its policy and guidelines, it is necessary to measure their level of awareness and compliance. Within this context, the primary objective of this study is to describe the state of awareness and compliance of staff and students at the Nelson Mandela University towards its social media policy and social media guidelines. In order to address the primary objective, the uses, benefits and risks of social media in higher education were identified through a literature review. The literature review revealed that social media is used in higher education to support and manage teaching and learning, marketing and crisis management, and for other purposes which may be specific to higher education stakeholders (both staff and students). The risks of social media use in higher education were revealed to be associated with institutional reputation, online content, privacy, intellectual property and the types of media shared by the stakeholders. The role of social media policies and guidelines in higher education was then described, based on a preliminary literature study which reviewed social media policies and guidelines implemented in higher education. Furthermore, the aspects of awareness and compliance towards social media policies and ii guidelines in higher education were also discussed. A general guide for the creation of social media policies and guidelines was identified and used to compare the nature and content of South African public universities’ social media policies and guidelines. Through comparative content analysis, the content of the universities’ social media policy and guidelines was compared, similarities and variances between were drawn, and the role of social media policies and guidelines was further explored. Finally, the knowledge of staff and students at the Nelson Mandela University in respect to the university’s social media policy and guidelines was measured and described through the use of a survey questionnaire and statistical analysis of the data collected. The results of the analysis indicated an overall medium level of awareness for both staff and students, with a mean average score of 3.2; while both groups demonstrated an overall high level of compliance towards the social media policy and guidelines, with a mean average score of 4.3. By addressing the primary objective, the contribution made by this study thus informs the Nelson Mandela University of the extent to which its social media policy and guidelines align with those of other South African public universities, and it indicates where the Nelson Mandela University should look to improve its staff and students’ awareness of and compliance with its social media policy and guidelines. , Thesis (MIT) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-12
The state of constitutionalism in Uganda: 1962-2018
- Authors: Bashasha, Turyatemba Alex
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Constitutional history -- Uganda , Constitutional history Constitutional law -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23669 , vital:30596
- Description: This Thesis examines the state of constitutionalism in Uganda between 1962 and 2018. The central question which it seeks to answer is: ‘why did Ugandan governments persistently fail to adhere to the basic requirements of the doctrine of constitutionalism between 1962 and 2018?’ In answering this question, which has challenged and continues to challenge many academicians, politicians, government officials, researchers and the international community alike, the Thesis adopts the Theory of Neo-patrimonialism as a theoretical lens through which the behaviours of the post-independence presidents of Uganda are examined. The Thesis discovers that, indeed, Neo-patrimonialism is a fundamental framework for analysing and explaining constitutionalism in post-independence Uganda. Against this backdrop, the Thesis concludes that, the collective behaviours of Uganda’s post-independence presidents viewed through the lens of neo-patrimonialism are more fundamental in understanding the failure of democracy and good governance in Uganda than the country’s structural problems of constitutionalism. The originality of the Thesis is in: (a) its being the first comprehensive investigation into why Ugandan governments have persistently failed to adhere to the basic requirements of the doctrine of constitutionalism for the entire period of 56 years (1962-2018) of post-independence Uganda; and (b) its being the first study to apply the Theory of Neo-patrimonialism in explaining the volatile nature and state of constitutionalism in Uganda. The contribution of the Thesis to the existing knowledge lies in its; (a) generation of detailed and well-researched information about the volatility of constitutionalism in Uganda between 1962 and 2018, (b) recommendation of strategies that should be adopted to effectively enhance consititutionalism in Uganda, and (c) authentication of the validity of the claims that despite its shortcomings, Neo-patrimonialism is a Theory which not only continues to define and drive African politics but its application can suitably be used to explain the volatile nature of constitutionalism in post-independence Uganda and the rest of Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Bashasha, Turyatemba Alex
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Constitutional history -- Uganda , Constitutional history Constitutional law -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23669 , vital:30596
- Description: This Thesis examines the state of constitutionalism in Uganda between 1962 and 2018. The central question which it seeks to answer is: ‘why did Ugandan governments persistently fail to adhere to the basic requirements of the doctrine of constitutionalism between 1962 and 2018?’ In answering this question, which has challenged and continues to challenge many academicians, politicians, government officials, researchers and the international community alike, the Thesis adopts the Theory of Neo-patrimonialism as a theoretical lens through which the behaviours of the post-independence presidents of Uganda are examined. The Thesis discovers that, indeed, Neo-patrimonialism is a fundamental framework for analysing and explaining constitutionalism in post-independence Uganda. Against this backdrop, the Thesis concludes that, the collective behaviours of Uganda’s post-independence presidents viewed through the lens of neo-patrimonialism are more fundamental in understanding the failure of democracy and good governance in Uganda than the country’s structural problems of constitutionalism. The originality of the Thesis is in: (a) its being the first comprehensive investigation into why Ugandan governments have persistently failed to adhere to the basic requirements of the doctrine of constitutionalism for the entire period of 56 years (1962-2018) of post-independence Uganda; and (b) its being the first study to apply the Theory of Neo-patrimonialism in explaining the volatile nature and state of constitutionalism in Uganda. The contribution of the Thesis to the existing knowledge lies in its; (a) generation of detailed and well-researched information about the volatility of constitutionalism in Uganda between 1962 and 2018, (b) recommendation of strategies that should be adopted to effectively enhance consititutionalism in Uganda, and (c) authentication of the validity of the claims that despite its shortcomings, Neo-patrimonialism is a Theory which not only continues to define and drive African politics but its application can suitably be used to explain the volatile nature of constitutionalism in post-independence Uganda and the rest of Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The state and civil society in building a capable developmental state : a case of the National Department of Social Development and the Non Profit Organisations sector in South Africa
- Authors: Morkel, Candice
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55031 , vital:48824
- Description: The challenges in the relationship between the Department of Social Development (DSD) and Non Profit Organisations (NPOs) in South Africa pose a risk to their ability to partner successfully in order to deliver government’s Constitutional obligations in meeting citizens’ developmental social welfare needs. Some contemporary theories of the state (such as pluralism and corporatism) as well as approaches to Public Administration and Management (such as co-production) support a collaborative approach between governments and civil society in order to address development challenges. Peter Evans’ (cf. 1995, 1997, 1998, 2008; 2014) expansive scholarship on embedded autonomy and building capable developmental states, suggests that a state that is sufficiently embedded in an intimate partnership with nonstate actors is more likely to achieve its development goals. However, these relations must also be autonomous and unfettered by private or sectional interests to circumvent the risk of neopatrimonialism and state capture. In view of growing critiques of economic growth as the primary marker of a developmental state, which prioritises the state’s relationship with private capital, Evans (ibid.) also argued for a more expanded definition of embedded autonomy. Building on Evan’s perspective, this study examines the relationship between the DSD and the NPO sector in South Africa to address the gap in the literature on how other forms of embedded autonomy (beyond the state-private sector nexus) may function in a developmental state. Its purpose is to make an original contribution to knowledge by examining how the achievement of South Africa’s Developmental Social Welfare (DSW) outcomes and the building of a capable developmental state may be affected by weaknesses in embeddedness, autonomy and state capacity. It argues that a relationship of trust and solidarity between the state and civil society that prioritises the well-being of people as the primary indicator of development, is a necessary feature of the capable developmental state. The study therefore provides insights into the interventions required to ensure collaborative and integrated service delivery between the state and civil society in South Africa. This is forged from an examination of the deeply held conflicting beliefs and expectations around the execution of the DSW mandate, the current tensions in the relationship, its intersections with the history of the non-profit sector in the apartheid welfare state and the challenges of transformation since 1994. In this respect, it fills a further gap in the literature by focusing on expanded, non-traditional state-society ties imagined by Evans’ conceptual framework of embedded autonomy and the developmental state. Furthermore, the study makes an elemental contribution to knowledge around co-production, which remains poorly formulated despite increasing interest and research in this area of Public Administration and Management (Gawlowski, 2018:72; Osborne, Radnor & Strokosch, 2016:644). This study used a qualitative design to derive meaning from indepth interviews with twentythree (23) knowledgeable experts representing the DSD (current and ex-staff members), NPOs, members of the Ministerial Committee for the 2013-2016 Review of the White Paper for Social Welfare (1997), NPO umbrella bodies and social justice activists. These were supplemented by a Focus Group Discussion comprising of nine (9) activists based at a grassroots NPO. Employing both an interpretive and constructivist approach, the design facilitated an in-depth examination of participants’ perceptions of the state’s constitutional obligation towards social justice through delivering DSW services in collaboration with the NPO Sector. The researcher used thematic content analysis to explore how weaknesses in the inter-play between embeddedness and autonomy in the DSW sector may explain the tensions between the DSD and NPOs. An analysis of the literature also helped in drawing linkages between weaknesses in embedded autonomy, building a capable developmental state and achieving the country’s DSW outcomes. The study found that the adversarial relationship between the DSD and NPOs has a negative effect on the rendering of DSW services to citizens, which places South Africa’s pursuit of a capable developmental state at risk. Applying a strategic-relational conceptualisation of the state, it argued how South Africa’s commitment to a participatory and people-centred approach to public policy and the protection of the socio-economic rights of citizens requires a fully engaged civil society, balanced by autonomy. Invoking a Gramscian lens, the study also provided an analysis of the potential for civil society to act as a counter-hegemonic force against the domination of global capital and the marketization of the state in order to protect the rights of the subaltern. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-12
- Authors: Morkel, Candice
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55031 , vital:48824
- Description: The challenges in the relationship between the Department of Social Development (DSD) and Non Profit Organisations (NPOs) in South Africa pose a risk to their ability to partner successfully in order to deliver government’s Constitutional obligations in meeting citizens’ developmental social welfare needs. Some contemporary theories of the state (such as pluralism and corporatism) as well as approaches to Public Administration and Management (such as co-production) support a collaborative approach between governments and civil society in order to address development challenges. Peter Evans’ (cf. 1995, 1997, 1998, 2008; 2014) expansive scholarship on embedded autonomy and building capable developmental states, suggests that a state that is sufficiently embedded in an intimate partnership with nonstate actors is more likely to achieve its development goals. However, these relations must also be autonomous and unfettered by private or sectional interests to circumvent the risk of neopatrimonialism and state capture. In view of growing critiques of economic growth as the primary marker of a developmental state, which prioritises the state’s relationship with private capital, Evans (ibid.) also argued for a more expanded definition of embedded autonomy. Building on Evan’s perspective, this study examines the relationship between the DSD and the NPO sector in South Africa to address the gap in the literature on how other forms of embedded autonomy (beyond the state-private sector nexus) may function in a developmental state. Its purpose is to make an original contribution to knowledge by examining how the achievement of South Africa’s Developmental Social Welfare (DSW) outcomes and the building of a capable developmental state may be affected by weaknesses in embeddedness, autonomy and state capacity. It argues that a relationship of trust and solidarity between the state and civil society that prioritises the well-being of people as the primary indicator of development, is a necessary feature of the capable developmental state. The study therefore provides insights into the interventions required to ensure collaborative and integrated service delivery between the state and civil society in South Africa. This is forged from an examination of the deeply held conflicting beliefs and expectations around the execution of the DSW mandate, the current tensions in the relationship, its intersections with the history of the non-profit sector in the apartheid welfare state and the challenges of transformation since 1994. In this respect, it fills a further gap in the literature by focusing on expanded, non-traditional state-society ties imagined by Evans’ conceptual framework of embedded autonomy and the developmental state. Furthermore, the study makes an elemental contribution to knowledge around co-production, which remains poorly formulated despite increasing interest and research in this area of Public Administration and Management (Gawlowski, 2018:72; Osborne, Radnor & Strokosch, 2016:644). This study used a qualitative design to derive meaning from indepth interviews with twentythree (23) knowledgeable experts representing the DSD (current and ex-staff members), NPOs, members of the Ministerial Committee for the 2013-2016 Review of the White Paper for Social Welfare (1997), NPO umbrella bodies and social justice activists. These were supplemented by a Focus Group Discussion comprising of nine (9) activists based at a grassroots NPO. Employing both an interpretive and constructivist approach, the design facilitated an in-depth examination of participants’ perceptions of the state’s constitutional obligation towards social justice through delivering DSW services in collaboration with the NPO Sector. The researcher used thematic content analysis to explore how weaknesses in the inter-play between embeddedness and autonomy in the DSW sector may explain the tensions between the DSD and NPOs. An analysis of the literature also helped in drawing linkages between weaknesses in embedded autonomy, building a capable developmental state and achieving the country’s DSW outcomes. The study found that the adversarial relationship between the DSD and NPOs has a negative effect on the rendering of DSW services to citizens, which places South Africa’s pursuit of a capable developmental state at risk. Applying a strategic-relational conceptualisation of the state, it argued how South Africa’s commitment to a participatory and people-centred approach to public policy and the protection of the socio-economic rights of citizens requires a fully engaged civil society, balanced by autonomy. Invoking a Gramscian lens, the study also provided an analysis of the potential for civil society to act as a counter-hegemonic force against the domination of global capital and the marketization of the state in order to protect the rights of the subaltern. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-12
The spatiotemporal aspects of predation on the Cape gannet Morus capensis population at the Lambert’s Bay gannet colony, Western Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Schoeman, Zanri
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Sea birds -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47656 , vital:40262
- Description: Seabirds are one of the most threatened groups of birds with 29% of seabird species at some risk of extinction. As a result of multiple human-induced threats, seabird species including the Cape gannet Morus capensis which is endemic to southern Africa population experience significant declines and is now classified as Endangered. The Cape gannet faces predation threats from a variety of different species. The current predators of concern at Lambert’s Bay gannet colony are both the Cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus and the Kelp gull Larus dominancus. The former predates on fledglings and the latter predates on eggs. In the 2005/06 breeding season the entire Cape gannet population deserted the Lambert’s Bay gannet colony due to predation by the Cape fur seal. Although the Cape gannets have subsequently recovered to approximately 8000 pairs, seal predation on Cape gannet fledglings continues, together with predation by Kelp gulls. This has caused concern over the impact of predation on this species at the Lambert’s Bay colony, particularly given the species’ conservation status, its small breeding range and its current population trend. CapeNature, the conservation agency involved at this colony has been monitoring and managing the predation on Cape gannets and are interested in evaluating the success of their efforts. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal aspects of predation on the Cape gannet population at Lambert’s Bay gannet colony. When examining the influence of fish availability on predation intensity, we found that in years with an increase in fish biomass there was a decrease in predation probability by Cape fur seals. This increase in fish biomass not only led to decreased predation on the fledglings it also led to increased breeding success of the Cape gannets. In determining the effect of predation within the Cape gannet breeding colony we found that the probability of predation by Kelp gulls decreased in years with increased adult gannet density. Indirectly, Cape gannet population growth should lead to a decrease in Kelp gull predation as a higher gannet density increases the risk of injury to the Kelp gulls. This suggests that if Cape gannet populations continue to decline, they may become increasingly vulnerable to Kelp gull predation which can result in a further population decline. In terms of past management actions, the selective culling of predatory Cape fur seals and Kelp gulls, was evaluated. It was found that in the years in which culling of Cape fur seals and Kelp gulls was implemented, a decrease in predation was observed. This indicated that culling reduced predation in the short-term. Predation is inevitable, but due to the Cape gannet’s conservation status we suggest that additional, long-term, and more sustainable methods to reduce predation should be explored. Our research emphasises the need for improving food availability to Cape gannets as food security is paramount to their long-term survival and population growth. Colony management in isolation from other management strategies, is not efficient for conserving a species. We therefore suggest that sound management of predation at the terrestrial habitats are required but that effective management of fisheries are also required for the successful conservation of the Cape gannet. Food security for Cape gannets could be improved by, for example, establishing some ways that we suggest improving the food security for Cape gannets would be to establish Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with dynamic boundaries around Cape gannet colonies, and to have locate the MPAs close to breeding and foraging hotspots where these areas are closed to fishing thus reducing the competition between commercial fisheries and marine predators, such as the Cape gannet. Another way to improve food security for the gannets are to promote the efforts of focussing on developing and implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management in which fishing quotas account for the needs of marine predators. The findings of this study have not only aided the understanding of the dynamics of predation on the Cape gannets and highlighted the extent that predation takes place on them but can also guide future management decisions regarding predation on this endemic and endangered species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Schoeman, Zanri
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Sea birds -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47656 , vital:40262
- Description: Seabirds are one of the most threatened groups of birds with 29% of seabird species at some risk of extinction. As a result of multiple human-induced threats, seabird species including the Cape gannet Morus capensis which is endemic to southern Africa population experience significant declines and is now classified as Endangered. The Cape gannet faces predation threats from a variety of different species. The current predators of concern at Lambert’s Bay gannet colony are both the Cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus and the Kelp gull Larus dominancus. The former predates on fledglings and the latter predates on eggs. In the 2005/06 breeding season the entire Cape gannet population deserted the Lambert’s Bay gannet colony due to predation by the Cape fur seal. Although the Cape gannets have subsequently recovered to approximately 8000 pairs, seal predation on Cape gannet fledglings continues, together with predation by Kelp gulls. This has caused concern over the impact of predation on this species at the Lambert’s Bay colony, particularly given the species’ conservation status, its small breeding range and its current population trend. CapeNature, the conservation agency involved at this colony has been monitoring and managing the predation on Cape gannets and are interested in evaluating the success of their efforts. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal aspects of predation on the Cape gannet population at Lambert’s Bay gannet colony. When examining the influence of fish availability on predation intensity, we found that in years with an increase in fish biomass there was a decrease in predation probability by Cape fur seals. This increase in fish biomass not only led to decreased predation on the fledglings it also led to increased breeding success of the Cape gannets. In determining the effect of predation within the Cape gannet breeding colony we found that the probability of predation by Kelp gulls decreased in years with increased adult gannet density. Indirectly, Cape gannet population growth should lead to a decrease in Kelp gull predation as a higher gannet density increases the risk of injury to the Kelp gulls. This suggests that if Cape gannet populations continue to decline, they may become increasingly vulnerable to Kelp gull predation which can result in a further population decline. In terms of past management actions, the selective culling of predatory Cape fur seals and Kelp gulls, was evaluated. It was found that in the years in which culling of Cape fur seals and Kelp gulls was implemented, a decrease in predation was observed. This indicated that culling reduced predation in the short-term. Predation is inevitable, but due to the Cape gannet’s conservation status we suggest that additional, long-term, and more sustainable methods to reduce predation should be explored. Our research emphasises the need for improving food availability to Cape gannets as food security is paramount to their long-term survival and population growth. Colony management in isolation from other management strategies, is not efficient for conserving a species. We therefore suggest that sound management of predation at the terrestrial habitats are required but that effective management of fisheries are also required for the successful conservation of the Cape gannet. Food security for Cape gannets could be improved by, for example, establishing some ways that we suggest improving the food security for Cape gannets would be to establish Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with dynamic boundaries around Cape gannet colonies, and to have locate the MPAs close to breeding and foraging hotspots where these areas are closed to fishing thus reducing the competition between commercial fisheries and marine predators, such as the Cape gannet. Another way to improve food security for the gannets are to promote the efforts of focussing on developing and implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management in which fishing quotas account for the needs of marine predators. The findings of this study have not only aided the understanding of the dynamics of predation on the Cape gannets and highlighted the extent that predation takes place on them but can also guide future management decisions regarding predation on this endemic and endangered species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The spatial ecology and roost site selection of fledging Cape vultures (Gyps coprotheres) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Martens, Francis Rae, Downs, Colleen
- Authors: Martens, Francis Rae , Downs, Colleen
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Spatial ecology -- South Africa -- Easter , Gyps -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Vultures -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Birds -- Behavior -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15875 , vital:28284
- Description: The Cape Vulture (Gyps coprotheres), a southern African endemic, is a species currently listed on the IUCN Red List as “Threatened” due to its 66-81% decline over the past 50 years. South Africa and Lesotho hold 90% of the global population, which are focused at two core areas, namely northern central South Africa and eastern South Africa. This species provides important ecological services yet faces numerous anthropogenic threats. An emerging threat in the south eastern part of South Africa is that of wind energy development. Understanding the movement and roosting behaviour of the Cape Vulture may mitigate potential collisions if areas of high use are avoided. Juvenile Cape Vultures, who naturally suffer high mortality rates, are known to forage extensively over a wider landscape and as a consequence may face a greater assortment of threats. The overall aim of this study therefore was to determine the ranging and roosting behaviour of juvenile Cape Vultures in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In order to achieve this aim, i) the ranging behaviour and habitat use were determined and ii) roost sites and factors that influence roost site selection were determined. Using five juvenile Cape Vultures tagged with Global Positioning System (GPS/GSM) transmitters, home range sizes, distance travelled from the nest and habitat use were determined. Home range was determined through kernel density estimates and distance travelled from the nest was determined through the Euclidean distance. Habitat use was determined by overlaying the home range size onto a merged layer of all protected areas and the National Land Cover Database of South Africa. To determine roost sites, data from the tagged vultures were split into encamped and exploratory movements using a mixture model in a cluster analysis setting. Encamped movements were associated with roost sites. Roost density was determined around the natal colony using predetermined buffer sizes and a generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) fitted to the data. Conditions considered favourable for roost sites were based on previous research conducted on cliff-nesting species and a GLMM conducted. Juveniles increased their home range progressively for the first two months, then exhibited a rapid increase in size associated with dispersal from the colony. Distance from the nest increased rapidly following the dispersal period. Protected areas and woody vegetation were areas of preferred habitat. The highest density of roosts for juveniles was located within 20 km’s from the breeding colony and decreased further away. Roost sites that were favoured for juveniles and adult birds were those that were located close to colonies, had low accessibility to terrestrial predators and were in areas of high wind speed. The orientation of the cliff into the prevailing wind direction was also a determining factor. Roosting sites and foraging areas are important spatial determinants of Cape Vulture behaviour and the identification of such areas can help with conservation management. With the additional threat of wind development in areas highly utilised, wind farms located too close to colonies could have a devastating impact on the Cape Vulture population. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of conservation buffer zones as no-go areas for wind energy development around vulture colonies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Martens, Francis Rae , Downs, Colleen
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Spatial ecology -- South Africa -- Easter , Gyps -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Vultures -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Birds -- Behavior -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15875 , vital:28284
- Description: The Cape Vulture (Gyps coprotheres), a southern African endemic, is a species currently listed on the IUCN Red List as “Threatened” due to its 66-81% decline over the past 50 years. South Africa and Lesotho hold 90% of the global population, which are focused at two core areas, namely northern central South Africa and eastern South Africa. This species provides important ecological services yet faces numerous anthropogenic threats. An emerging threat in the south eastern part of South Africa is that of wind energy development. Understanding the movement and roosting behaviour of the Cape Vulture may mitigate potential collisions if areas of high use are avoided. Juvenile Cape Vultures, who naturally suffer high mortality rates, are known to forage extensively over a wider landscape and as a consequence may face a greater assortment of threats. The overall aim of this study therefore was to determine the ranging and roosting behaviour of juvenile Cape Vultures in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In order to achieve this aim, i) the ranging behaviour and habitat use were determined and ii) roost sites and factors that influence roost site selection were determined. Using five juvenile Cape Vultures tagged with Global Positioning System (GPS/GSM) transmitters, home range sizes, distance travelled from the nest and habitat use were determined. Home range was determined through kernel density estimates and distance travelled from the nest was determined through the Euclidean distance. Habitat use was determined by overlaying the home range size onto a merged layer of all protected areas and the National Land Cover Database of South Africa. To determine roost sites, data from the tagged vultures were split into encamped and exploratory movements using a mixture model in a cluster analysis setting. Encamped movements were associated with roost sites. Roost density was determined around the natal colony using predetermined buffer sizes and a generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) fitted to the data. Conditions considered favourable for roost sites were based on previous research conducted on cliff-nesting species and a GLMM conducted. Juveniles increased their home range progressively for the first two months, then exhibited a rapid increase in size associated with dispersal from the colony. Distance from the nest increased rapidly following the dispersal period. Protected areas and woody vegetation were areas of preferred habitat. The highest density of roosts for juveniles was located within 20 km’s from the breeding colony and decreased further away. Roost sites that were favoured for juveniles and adult birds were those that were located close to colonies, had low accessibility to terrestrial predators and were in areas of high wind speed. The orientation of the cliff into the prevailing wind direction was also a determining factor. Roosting sites and foraging areas are important spatial determinants of Cape Vulture behaviour and the identification of such areas can help with conservation management. With the additional threat of wind development in areas highly utilised, wind farms located too close to colonies could have a devastating impact on the Cape Vulture population. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of conservation buffer zones as no-go areas for wind energy development around vulture colonies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The socio-economic importance of indigenous vegetables to the Ntuze smallholder farming community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Authors: Qwabe, Qinisani Nhlakanipho
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Indigenous crops -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal , Vegetables -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal Farmers -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30287 , vital:30927
- Description: South Africa continues to face multiple socio-economic challenges – one of the direst being food insecurity, especially in rural areas. Compounding the challenges is the impact of changing weather patterns on agriculture. The current study presents evidence indicating that indigenous vegetables provide a sustainable yet inexpensive answer to several of these challenges. The research was aimed at determining the socio-economic impact of indigenous vegetables in the Ntuze community of northern KwaZulu-Natal. A mixed-methods methodology was employed to achieve a holistic understanding of the relationship between the use of indigenous vegetables and socio-economic influences. The study discovered that indigenous vegetables play an important role in the livelihood strategy of this rural farming community. Findings revealed that the utilisation of indigenous vegetables makes an essential contribution to the livelihoods and well-being of the Ntuze people, especially in terms of curbing food poverty, income generation and medicinal benefits. However, the value of these vegetables was found to be appreciated mostly by the elderly. Conclusions therefore indicate a possible decline in future production and use of indigenous vegetables if indigenous knowledge is not passed on to the next generation. Integration of indigenous knowledge in agricultural technology transfer programmes is therefore vital to promote production of indigenous vegetables as a sustainable food resource. Actively addressing the stigma attached to indigenous vegetables as being “low-status food” is also crucial to enhance perception and understanding of the value of these vegetables. This would contribute to both preserving cultural heritage and conserving valuable indigenous flora. Such intervention would safeguard this sustainable and renewable resource in its pivotal socio-economic role in terms of rural food security as is substantiated by this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Qwabe, Qinisani Nhlakanipho
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Indigenous crops -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal , Vegetables -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal Farmers -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30287 , vital:30927
- Description: South Africa continues to face multiple socio-economic challenges – one of the direst being food insecurity, especially in rural areas. Compounding the challenges is the impact of changing weather patterns on agriculture. The current study presents evidence indicating that indigenous vegetables provide a sustainable yet inexpensive answer to several of these challenges. The research was aimed at determining the socio-economic impact of indigenous vegetables in the Ntuze community of northern KwaZulu-Natal. A mixed-methods methodology was employed to achieve a holistic understanding of the relationship between the use of indigenous vegetables and socio-economic influences. The study discovered that indigenous vegetables play an important role in the livelihood strategy of this rural farming community. Findings revealed that the utilisation of indigenous vegetables makes an essential contribution to the livelihoods and well-being of the Ntuze people, especially in terms of curbing food poverty, income generation and medicinal benefits. However, the value of these vegetables was found to be appreciated mostly by the elderly. Conclusions therefore indicate a possible decline in future production and use of indigenous vegetables if indigenous knowledge is not passed on to the next generation. Integration of indigenous knowledge in agricultural technology transfer programmes is therefore vital to promote production of indigenous vegetables as a sustainable food resource. Actively addressing the stigma attached to indigenous vegetables as being “low-status food” is also crucial to enhance perception and understanding of the value of these vegetables. This would contribute to both preserving cultural heritage and conserving valuable indigenous flora. Such intervention would safeguard this sustainable and renewable resource in its pivotal socio-economic role in terms of rural food security as is substantiated by this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The Socio-Economic Impact of Poor Governance on South African State-Owned Entities Since the Democratic Dispensation: A Case of Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways
- Authors: Bungane, Ntsikelelo
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Economics—Sociological aspects , corporate governance , Government business enterprises—South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60255 , vital:64144
- Description: Good corporate governance is one of the fundamental principles that enhance the efficiency and sustainability of any entity. It enables an entity to create value for its various stakeholders. This study focuses on the socio-economic impact of poor corporate governance of South African state-owned entities, particularly Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways since the democratic dispensation. The study examines the root cause of poor corporate governance and provides recommendations to address the root cause. Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways, like many other state-owned entities have a significant role in the country’s socio-economic development and yet in recent years they have made news for wrong reasons. There have been numerous reports of poor corporate governance which resulted in the establishment of a Commission of Enquiry into state capture. Two of the three parts of the report of the Commission suggest that poor corporate governance is prevalent in these entities. Some of the root causes that were evident are excessive political interference, ineffective leadership and conflicting governance legislation. This has come at a huge cost to the socio-economic objectives of the government. The future existence of these entities is under treat. There have been notable instances of retrenchments that came at a time when the rate of unemployment is at a record high. Productivity has slowed down, with prolonged periods of unstable power supply being one of the contributing factors. This has suppressed economic growth. These entities have also cost the fiscus billions of rands in government bailouts, funds which could have been used for other important social or capital investment programmes. Some of the suggestions that have been brought forward to curb the culture of poor corporate governance include legislative reform that will provide certainty in terms of governance and provide clear distinctions between the roles of political heads and administrators in the form of board members, COEs and executives. For the recommendations to be effective there needs to be commitment to ethical leadership on the part of political leaders. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Bungane, Ntsikelelo
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Economics—Sociological aspects , corporate governance , Government business enterprises—South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60255 , vital:64144
- Description: Good corporate governance is one of the fundamental principles that enhance the efficiency and sustainability of any entity. It enables an entity to create value for its various stakeholders. This study focuses on the socio-economic impact of poor corporate governance of South African state-owned entities, particularly Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways since the democratic dispensation. The study examines the root cause of poor corporate governance and provides recommendations to address the root cause. Eskom, Transnet and South African Airways, like many other state-owned entities have a significant role in the country’s socio-economic development and yet in recent years they have made news for wrong reasons. There have been numerous reports of poor corporate governance which resulted in the establishment of a Commission of Enquiry into state capture. Two of the three parts of the report of the Commission suggest that poor corporate governance is prevalent in these entities. Some of the root causes that were evident are excessive political interference, ineffective leadership and conflicting governance legislation. This has come at a huge cost to the socio-economic objectives of the government. The future existence of these entities is under treat. There have been notable instances of retrenchments that came at a time when the rate of unemployment is at a record high. Productivity has slowed down, with prolonged periods of unstable power supply being one of the contributing factors. This has suppressed economic growth. These entities have also cost the fiscus billions of rands in government bailouts, funds which could have been used for other important social or capital investment programmes. Some of the suggestions that have been brought forward to curb the culture of poor corporate governance include legislative reform that will provide certainty in terms of governance and provide clear distinctions between the roles of political heads and administrators in the form of board members, COEs and executives. For the recommendations to be effective there needs to be commitment to ethical leadership on the part of political leaders. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The socio-economic impact of communal property associations in O.R. Tambo district in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mhlontlo, Lizo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Socio-economic impact , Communal Property Associations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61692 , vital:71826
- Description: Land is the most valuable resource in every nation since it supports all aspects of life by giving people food, shelter, and water. In South Africa, the legacy of the colonial past remains with ongoing poverty, landlessness, inequality, and insecurity to this day. Large tracts of property are still owned by the minority who benefited from apartheid colonialism, the land issue continues to be a major concern in South African politics. After 1994 the Department of Land Affairs released a White Paper on Land Reform that served as the model for many subsequent land reform initiatives, including land restitution. Former Bantustans contain a sizable quantity of unsurveyed land that is kept in trust and administered by traditional leaders who serve as custodians. In order to return the land to its rightful owners through land restitution as well as other land reform initiatives, the government established a legal organization, the Communal Property Association (CPA), against which the land could be registered. This study focuses on CPAs located on unsurveyed communal land in the Eastern Cape Province's OR Tambo District. There has been discussion in parliament and among academics about the effectiveness of CPAs in addressing socioeconomic needs. Various studies and departmental assessments have revealed that CPAs are not in compliance with the Act that governs them, and the Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Land Reform developed a regularization intervention strategy to close administrative gaps in slow land transfer, membership, financial reporting, asset management, and accountability. This study investigates whether CPAs provide socioeconomic benefits, and assesses their current practicability. Five CPAs were sampled, each located in different towns in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape. The findings are that while there has been a socio-economic impact in the broader community where CPAs are located there has been limited benefit to intended beneficiaries. CPAs and their administration are in dire need of change. Too large CPA groupings, a lack of understanding of the constitution, a lack of business skills, a lack of asset management, corrupt transactions on CPA land, traditional leadership interference, delays in land surveying and transfer, a lack of government support, and land invasions are all challenges. The government needs to prioritize land surveying and transfer to beneficiaries in order to reduce land invasions and conflicts with traditional leaders. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mhlontlo, Lizo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Socio-economic impact , Communal Property Associations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61692 , vital:71826
- Description: Land is the most valuable resource in every nation since it supports all aspects of life by giving people food, shelter, and water. In South Africa, the legacy of the colonial past remains with ongoing poverty, landlessness, inequality, and insecurity to this day. Large tracts of property are still owned by the minority who benefited from apartheid colonialism, the land issue continues to be a major concern in South African politics. After 1994 the Department of Land Affairs released a White Paper on Land Reform that served as the model for many subsequent land reform initiatives, including land restitution. Former Bantustans contain a sizable quantity of unsurveyed land that is kept in trust and administered by traditional leaders who serve as custodians. In order to return the land to its rightful owners through land restitution as well as other land reform initiatives, the government established a legal organization, the Communal Property Association (CPA), against which the land could be registered. This study focuses on CPAs located on unsurveyed communal land in the Eastern Cape Province's OR Tambo District. There has been discussion in parliament and among academics about the effectiveness of CPAs in addressing socioeconomic needs. Various studies and departmental assessments have revealed that CPAs are not in compliance with the Act that governs them, and the Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Land Reform developed a regularization intervention strategy to close administrative gaps in slow land transfer, membership, financial reporting, asset management, and accountability. This study investigates whether CPAs provide socioeconomic benefits, and assesses their current practicability. Five CPAs were sampled, each located in different towns in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape. The findings are that while there has been a socio-economic impact in the broader community where CPAs are located there has been limited benefit to intended beneficiaries. CPAs and their administration are in dire need of change. Too large CPA groupings, a lack of understanding of the constitution, a lack of business skills, a lack of asset management, corrupt transactions on CPA land, traditional leadership interference, delays in land surveying and transfer, a lack of government support, and land invasions are all challenges. The government needs to prioritize land surveying and transfer to beneficiaries in order to reduce land invasions and conflicts with traditional leaders. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The social sustainability of low-cost housing: the role of social capital and sense of place
- Authors: Williams-Bruinders, Leizel
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Housing -- South Africa , City planning -- South Africa Cities and towns -- Research Urban geography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44390 , vital:37161
- Description: In the past twenty years we have seen the South African government deliver the largest number of houses in the world (NDHS, 2011). However, this great effort does not appeal to the principles that policies have set out in terms of equality. Along with the delivery of this high level of state funded housing, many of the RDP dwellers feel as though they have been marginalised and forced out of the area of opportunity, namely, the CBD and the northern suburbs (Huchzermeyer, 2003). Many researchers believe that the South African housing delivery pattern resembles that of apartheid segregationist planning, which exacerbated the social inequalities in the country (Huchzermeyer, 2003; Donaldson, 2001; Harrison et al., 2003). To gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of residents of a low-cost housing settlement, an interpretative phenomenological analysis was undertaken. The emergent themes emanating from the research study revealed that social problems were pertinent factors to the lack of formulation of community social cohesion. Without this aspect, community building will be hampered, and thus cohesive neighbourhoods will be lacking. To this end, social innovation is proposed as a solution to the Zanemvula development. The issue of social development needs to placed back on the housing agenda, as is stated in the latest Housing Act.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Williams-Bruinders, Leizel
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Housing -- South Africa , City planning -- South Africa Cities and towns -- Research Urban geography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44390 , vital:37161
- Description: In the past twenty years we have seen the South African government deliver the largest number of houses in the world (NDHS, 2011). However, this great effort does not appeal to the principles that policies have set out in terms of equality. Along with the delivery of this high level of state funded housing, many of the RDP dwellers feel as though they have been marginalised and forced out of the area of opportunity, namely, the CBD and the northern suburbs (Huchzermeyer, 2003). Many researchers believe that the South African housing delivery pattern resembles that of apartheid segregationist planning, which exacerbated the social inequalities in the country (Huchzermeyer, 2003; Donaldson, 2001; Harrison et al., 2003). To gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of residents of a low-cost housing settlement, an interpretative phenomenological analysis was undertaken. The emergent themes emanating from the research study revealed that social problems were pertinent factors to the lack of formulation of community social cohesion. Without this aspect, community building will be hampered, and thus cohesive neighbourhoods will be lacking. To this end, social innovation is proposed as a solution to the Zanemvula development. The issue of social development needs to placed back on the housing agenda, as is stated in the latest Housing Act.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The social construction of a racial identity on social media sites: a narrative inquiry
- Authors: van Vught, Chandré
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Construction of Racial Identity , Colored people (South Africa) -- Psychological aspects Internet users -- Psychology Cyberspace -- Psychological aspects Social psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44169 , vital:37122
- Description: The present study aimed to enhance the understanding of the social construction of Coloured identity on social media sites from the perspective of individuals who identify themselves as Coloured. Furthermore, the study explored how the participants’ engagement on social media sites influenced the construction of their online identities. A qualitative research approach was utilised with narrative inquiry as the research design to explore the perceptions that the participants held about identity, and in particular about Coloured identity. The aim of the study was achieved as six participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. The data collection method was individual semi-structured interviews, with the exception of one interview conducted with two participants. The findings were conceptualised according to credible literature sources and theories. Through the process of thematic analysis, the research yielded valuable findings. The study found that there was strong objection by one participant and ambivalence by other participants about the use of the term Coloured, and its association with identity due to the derogatory associations which stems from its origin. It was found that social media users who identify themselves as Coloured construct their online identities in such a way that it is consistent with their narration of their offline identities. Moreover, minimal importance was placed on racial identity online, as well as offline. However, the participants acknowledged that Coloured identity had predominantly been portrayed in accordance with negative stereotypes. The negative portrayals of Coloured identity were challenged, as these portrayals were not truthful to how the participants were socialised. Furthermore, there was a consensus among the participants that dominant narratives about Coloured identity must be de-constructed and re-constructed. As a social justice study, the present study challenged dominant constructs about Coloured identity in South Africa and is thus able to contribute towards heritage studies in vi South Africa. The significance of heritage studies in South Africa is paramount, as identity and heritage are interlinked. The study created meaning about the participants’ online identities, and thus created meaning of who they are on their social media platforms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: van Vught, Chandré
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Construction of Racial Identity , Colored people (South Africa) -- Psychological aspects Internet users -- Psychology Cyberspace -- Psychological aspects Social psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44169 , vital:37122
- Description: The present study aimed to enhance the understanding of the social construction of Coloured identity on social media sites from the perspective of individuals who identify themselves as Coloured. Furthermore, the study explored how the participants’ engagement on social media sites influenced the construction of their online identities. A qualitative research approach was utilised with narrative inquiry as the research design to explore the perceptions that the participants held about identity, and in particular about Coloured identity. The aim of the study was achieved as six participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. The data collection method was individual semi-structured interviews, with the exception of one interview conducted with two participants. The findings were conceptualised according to credible literature sources and theories. Through the process of thematic analysis, the research yielded valuable findings. The study found that there was strong objection by one participant and ambivalence by other participants about the use of the term Coloured, and its association with identity due to the derogatory associations which stems from its origin. It was found that social media users who identify themselves as Coloured construct their online identities in such a way that it is consistent with their narration of their offline identities. Moreover, minimal importance was placed on racial identity online, as well as offline. However, the participants acknowledged that Coloured identity had predominantly been portrayed in accordance with negative stereotypes. The negative portrayals of Coloured identity were challenged, as these portrayals were not truthful to how the participants were socialised. Furthermore, there was a consensus among the participants that dominant narratives about Coloured identity must be de-constructed and re-constructed. As a social justice study, the present study challenged dominant constructs about Coloured identity in South Africa and is thus able to contribute towards heritage studies in vi South Africa. The significance of heritage studies in South Africa is paramount, as identity and heritage are interlinked. The study created meaning about the participants’ online identities, and thus created meaning of who they are on their social media platforms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The social capital of informal economy operators in the Walmer township
- Authors: Frimpong, Kusi Amoah
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53910 , vital:46033
- Description: In recent years, South Africa has witnessed a significant increase in the unemployment rate. As a result, many people found themselves in the informal sector, which has become their livelihood option. Townships, which have been historically disconnected from the socio-economic grid, have high unemployment, and the informal sector is barely recognized and supported by the government. Despite this, the informal sector thrives and continues to support many households and communities. It also contributes to the country’s GDP. Thus, this study set out to develop a better understanding on the issues around social capital and informal operators, using Walmer Township as a case study. Literature related to the study on informal sector and social capital was reviewed to gain insight into the views of other writers on the topic under study. A Qualitative research design was adopted in this study. The study used both primary and secondary methods for data collection, - that is interviews and documents analysis respectively. Data was analysed through inductive thematic analysis. The findings of the study showed that social capital is a contributing factor to the growth of an informal economy. The findings revealed that bonding and bridging social capital has a significant effect on the growth of informal businesses. The study equally found out that the informal sector faces other challenges, outside social capital, such as crime and security issues, and inadequate trading spaces. The study recommends that, -the government should consider improving the security needs of the Township to boost the informal sector. The local government needs to organize programs to educate informal business owners on the importance of social capital. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Frimpong, Kusi Amoah
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53910 , vital:46033
- Description: In recent years, South Africa has witnessed a significant increase in the unemployment rate. As a result, many people found themselves in the informal sector, which has become their livelihood option. Townships, which have been historically disconnected from the socio-economic grid, have high unemployment, and the informal sector is barely recognized and supported by the government. Despite this, the informal sector thrives and continues to support many households and communities. It also contributes to the country’s GDP. Thus, this study set out to develop a better understanding on the issues around social capital and informal operators, using Walmer Township as a case study. Literature related to the study on informal sector and social capital was reviewed to gain insight into the views of other writers on the topic under study. A Qualitative research design was adopted in this study. The study used both primary and secondary methods for data collection, - that is interviews and documents analysis respectively. Data was analysed through inductive thematic analysis. The findings of the study showed that social capital is a contributing factor to the growth of an informal economy. The findings revealed that bonding and bridging social capital has a significant effect on the growth of informal businesses. The study equally found out that the informal sector faces other challenges, outside social capital, such as crime and security issues, and inadequate trading spaces. The study recommends that, -the government should consider improving the security needs of the Township to boost the informal sector. The local government needs to organize programs to educate informal business owners on the importance of social capital. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
The secret life of public sculpture: an explorative case study on what the “voting line” does in Central, Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Joy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Public art , Public art -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Art and society Sculpture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36750 , vital:34050
- Description: To date, there has been little contemporary academic study on public art in Port Elizabeth. There have however been major art-led urban regeneration projects in the last ten years. This raises the question of what these artworks have been ‘doing’ in their relatively new homes. This study explores the function of the Voting Line, which was commissioned by the Mandela Bay Development Agency and made by Anthony Harris and Konrad Geel. The Voting Line is discussed as a key example of public artwork produced for Route 67. Using a case study design, four different approaches have been applied in this exploratory study. These include: document analysis, observation, interviews and a South African data making process called the Mmogo Method. The findings of this study suggest that the Voting Line is broadly considered as contributing towards nation building; cultural heritage tourism, and developing city identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Joy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Public art , Public art -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Art and society Sculpture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36750 , vital:34050
- Description: To date, there has been little contemporary academic study on public art in Port Elizabeth. There have however been major art-led urban regeneration projects in the last ten years. This raises the question of what these artworks have been ‘doing’ in their relatively new homes. This study explores the function of the Voting Line, which was commissioned by the Mandela Bay Development Agency and made by Anthony Harris and Konrad Geel. The Voting Line is discussed as a key example of public artwork produced for Route 67. Using a case study design, four different approaches have been applied in this exploratory study. These include: document analysis, observation, interviews and a South African data making process called the Mmogo Method. The findings of this study suggest that the Voting Line is broadly considered as contributing towards nation building; cultural heritage tourism, and developing city identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The school nutrition programme in mount fletcher and Matatiele, Eastern cape
- Authors: Majikijela, Mandiseli
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program , School children--Food , Feeding service
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57783 , vital:58254
- Description: The Primary School Nutrition Programme (PSNP) in South Africa was established in May 1994 as part of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). A major goal of the PSNP was to provide 30% of the student’s daily nutrition and improve school attendance in quintiles 1-3 primary schools. The aims of the PSNP were to develop the learning abilities of school-going children, alleviate poverty and hunger, and promote women empowerment. This study determines the influence that the implementation of the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) has on active learning in specific schools and did so by focusing on schools located in Mount Fletcher and Matatiele, in the Eastern Cape. The schools under study are divided into semi-rural and deep-rural schools. The study used a quantitative research design in which 80 learners and 60 teachers were sampled from grades 4 to 6 and used a questionnaire to determine recipients’ perceptions of the quality of the food served to learners and the level of active learning taking place after food breaks. A review of literature demonstrated there are different views as to whether NSNP is implemented correctly and is achieving its intended objectives. It was also found that learners felt that the quality of food lacks nutriti onal content and that teachers didn’t comply in terms of the required feeding times. About 45% of the teacher respondents indicated that feeding in some schools in Mount Fletcher continued beyond 10h00. This was largely due to a lack of monitoring by depar tment officials. However, 71% of teachers stated that active learning did take place after feeding. The study led to the conclusion that a connection exists between nutrient content and active learning. Therefore, for effective implementation of the NSNP, regular monitoring by teachers, the NSNP committee, and district officials should be undertaken. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Majikijela, Mandiseli
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program , School children--Food , Feeding service
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57783 , vital:58254
- Description: The Primary School Nutrition Programme (PSNP) in South Africa was established in May 1994 as part of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). A major goal of the PSNP was to provide 30% of the student’s daily nutrition and improve school attendance in quintiles 1-3 primary schools. The aims of the PSNP were to develop the learning abilities of school-going children, alleviate poverty and hunger, and promote women empowerment. This study determines the influence that the implementation of the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) has on active learning in specific schools and did so by focusing on schools located in Mount Fletcher and Matatiele, in the Eastern Cape. The schools under study are divided into semi-rural and deep-rural schools. The study used a quantitative research design in which 80 learners and 60 teachers were sampled from grades 4 to 6 and used a questionnaire to determine recipients’ perceptions of the quality of the food served to learners and the level of active learning taking place after food breaks. A review of literature demonstrated there are different views as to whether NSNP is implemented correctly and is achieving its intended objectives. It was also found that learners felt that the quality of food lacks nutriti onal content and that teachers didn’t comply in terms of the required feeding times. About 45% of the teacher respondents indicated that feeding in some schools in Mount Fletcher continued beyond 10h00. This was largely due to a lack of monitoring by depar tment officials. However, 71% of teachers stated that active learning did take place after feeding. The study led to the conclusion that a connection exists between nutrient content and active learning. Therefore, for effective implementation of the NSNP, regular monitoring by teachers, the NSNP committee, and district officials should be undertaken. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
The scalability of small and medium enterprises in South Africa
- Authors: Augustyn, Wesley
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Small business -- South Africa -- Management , Business planning -- South Africa Corporations -- South Africa -- Growth Success in business -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21516 , vital:29532
- Description: It has long been recognised that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) account for an overwhelming part of businesses worldwide and that they contribute considerably to private sector Gross Domestic Product (GDP), growth and are the source for most new employment opportunities. It may therefore be postulated that scaling and growing SMEs are of notable importance to the economic wealth of the country and to this extent it eliminates economic stagnation. This treatise argues the significant impact that entrepreneurship exerts on the South African economy. This would allow the role players to identify the strategic interventions necessary to grow and scale SMEs. A literature review was conducted to develop insights on the factors that affect the scalability of SMEs. The aforementioned section expounds on the concept of SMEs. Secondly, the emergence of SMEs across developed and emerging economies is discussed by exploring the United States of America, Europe and the BRICS economies respectively. Thirdly, SMEs in the South African context are explored. Fourthly, the requirements and challenges of SMEs in the South African economy are highlighted. The primary data for this study were collected from the sample by means of an online questionnaire and through fieldworkers who were deployed to collect responses from the sample group. A representative sample of n = 295 responses were received. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data in a way to simplify the interpretation of the data. Inferential statistics were used to authenticate conclusions made from the data. The model was developed and identified the following factors as exerting influence on the scalability of SMEs: Access to Finance, Access to Markets and Access to Human Capital, Entrepreneurial Intention, Regulatory Framework, Business Support and Networks. The average mean values of the factors were then used to establish their position or ranking as determined from the responses received. All factors ranked above a mean value of 3 which indicates that SMEs have a neutral to positive opinion of the factors identified in the model. According to a one-tailed t-test from the sample of SMEs it was shown that two of the nine factors had a large effect size in the factors of Human Capital and Entrepreneurial Intention. The Scalability of SMEs’ model developed in this study specified the factors that influence the growth of SMEs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Augustyn, Wesley
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Small business -- South Africa -- Management , Business planning -- South Africa Corporations -- South Africa -- Growth Success in business -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21516 , vital:29532
- Description: It has long been recognised that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) account for an overwhelming part of businesses worldwide and that they contribute considerably to private sector Gross Domestic Product (GDP), growth and are the source for most new employment opportunities. It may therefore be postulated that scaling and growing SMEs are of notable importance to the economic wealth of the country and to this extent it eliminates economic stagnation. This treatise argues the significant impact that entrepreneurship exerts on the South African economy. This would allow the role players to identify the strategic interventions necessary to grow and scale SMEs. A literature review was conducted to develop insights on the factors that affect the scalability of SMEs. The aforementioned section expounds on the concept of SMEs. Secondly, the emergence of SMEs across developed and emerging economies is discussed by exploring the United States of America, Europe and the BRICS economies respectively. Thirdly, SMEs in the South African context are explored. Fourthly, the requirements and challenges of SMEs in the South African economy are highlighted. The primary data for this study were collected from the sample by means of an online questionnaire and through fieldworkers who were deployed to collect responses from the sample group. A representative sample of n = 295 responses were received. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data in a way to simplify the interpretation of the data. Inferential statistics were used to authenticate conclusions made from the data. The model was developed and identified the following factors as exerting influence on the scalability of SMEs: Access to Finance, Access to Markets and Access to Human Capital, Entrepreneurial Intention, Regulatory Framework, Business Support and Networks. The average mean values of the factors were then used to establish their position or ranking as determined from the responses received. All factors ranked above a mean value of 3 which indicates that SMEs have a neutral to positive opinion of the factors identified in the model. According to a one-tailed t-test from the sample of SMEs it was shown that two of the nine factors had a large effect size in the factors of Human Capital and Entrepreneurial Intention. The Scalability of SMEs’ model developed in this study specified the factors that influence the growth of SMEs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The safety of navigation and the role of port state jurisdiction: a South African perspective
- Authors: Metuge, Denning Ngomele
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Harbors -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Law of the sea -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19343 , vital:28853
- Description: This thesis set to examine whether South Africa has incorporated the provisions on vessel navigational safety standards established in the relevant international instruments developed by the IMO: the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS) as amended, the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 (STCW) as amended, and the Convention on International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGs) as amended. It also set to determine the regulatory scope for the exercise of port State jurisdiction from a South African perspective. To establish whether a vessel’s condition complies to prescribed navigational safety standards, the relevant international instruments require States that have ratified the instruments not only to ensure that vessels registered under their flag are inspected for compliance before they can navigate, but that foreign visiting vessels must be surveyed to ensure that they also comply with the safety standards. These surveys are conducted while vessels are in the port of a port State. In addition, the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (LOSC), provides in article 218 that the port State may enforce anti-pollution regulations committed by a vessel that calls at one of its ports, after committing an illegal discharge outside the territorial waters of the State and its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). However, the provisions of article 218 LOSC have been the center of scholarly debate on the scope of port State jurisdiction (PSJ). Whilst one school of thought holds that PSJ refers only to the provisions of article 218 LOSC, another contends that in defining PSJ, its meaning must be awarded a broader scope to include the regulation of navigational safety standards. Due to the varied opinions on the scope of PSJ, this thesis examined the regulatory framework for the exercise of port State jurisdiction (PSJ) in South Africa. The discussion was relevant to determine the role of PSJ to enhance navigational safety from a South African perspective. This thesis comprised of an in-depth analysis of primary and secondary sources of data relevant to the regulation of navigational safety. The data obtained was critically discussed to establish whether the relevant international navigational safety standards are incorporated into South African law. The process included critical discussions on the principle of jurisdiction, and its exercise by States under international law. The discussions analysed the complexities associated with defining jurisdiction and determining its scope, which are relevant in respect of States’ competence to prescribe and enforce domestic laws, in conformity with the requirements of the LOSC. International law awards jurisdiction to the State to regulate laws within its national territory subject to some restrictions. However, the meaning of jurisdiction is not easily discernible even to lawyers. The discussions showed that the Republic exercises jurisdiction in conformity with generally accepted grounds for the exercise of jurisdiction, and that it is the prerogative of the State to adopt laws it deems necessary within its territory. Thus, the incorporation of international instruments on the safety of navigation is not a forgone conclusion, as it is dependent on the will of the State to ratify, and give effect to the provisions of the relevant instruments in its domestic law. Furthermore, this thesis discussed the relevant international safety instruments in contrast to the provisions of South African merchant shipping regulations, to identify any regulatory gaps in the incorporation of their provisions in South African law. Against a background of comparative analyses of the international norms and the provisions of South African merchant shipping regulations, this research found that a significant number of the relevant international safety instruments are incorporated into south African law by Merchant Shipping Act (MSA) as amended, and regulations made in terms of the Act. The provisions of South African merchant shipping regulations are administered by the South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA). However, whilst this research found little doubt that the provisions of the STCW and COLREGs are given full effect in South African law, it identified regulatory differences in respect of the most relevant of all international instruments with regard to the safety of navigation, SOLAS. Some SOLAS provisions in respect of navigational safety are not incorporated into domestic law, and in some instances where they are incorporated, the provisions of domestic law contrasts that of SOLAS, or are not as comprehensive. For instance, there is a contrast in the provisions of the Navigation Bridge Visibility Regulations (NVBR), that make the regulations applicable to vessels of 45m or more in length constructed before 1 July 2008. Whereas, SOLAS regulations in respect of the navigation bridge visibility standards of vessels apply to vessels 55m or more length. Furthermore, a 5 months extension may be awarded in respect of a safety certificate issued for a South African vessel that is not in the Republic on the date of its expiry. This provision goes beyond the requirement of SOLAS, which requires that no extension be granted for a period longer than 3 months. Likewise, SAMSA may grant an extension of a safety certificate other than a cargo vessel construction certificate, for a period no longer than five month to enable a foreign vessel to complete its journey to its country of registry or point of inspection. This extension again, is longer than the 3 months requirement under SOLAS. Moreover, the survey requirements applicable to all South African vessels where ever they may be, and all foreign merchant vessels that come into the Republic, do not reflect the specific provisions of SOLAS. A significant amendment was made to SOLAS by SOLAS PROT 1988. SOLAS PROT 1988 introduced the harmonised system of survey and certification (HSSC) into the provisions of SOLAS, thereby harmonising its survey standards with those of other international instruments. SOLAS PROT 1988 has come into force for all States that have ratified the Protocol since the year 2000. This thesis finds that while South Africa is a party to SOLAS as amended by SOLAS PROT 1978, the Republic has not yet ratified SOLAS PROT 1988. Hence, the Republic is not bound to any requirements of SOLAS PROT 1988. Furthermore, although States that are not party to an international instrument requiring the implementation of the HSSC are invited to implement the HSSC anyway, there is no provision in the MSA that incorporates the HSSC. Of central importance to the regulation of merchant shipping standards, States are not only required to adopt domestic laws giving effect to international standards, but they are required to implement international standards in a uniform manner. This is aimed at avoiding a merchant shipping arena plagued by conflicting unilateral domestic rules. SOLAS PROT 1988 has been ratified by States comprising of 96% of the world’s merchant fleet by tonnage. The massive acceptance of SOLAS PROT 1988 is indicative of the international trend, towards uniformity in the implementation of international norms. This thesis recommends that, for the Republic’s merchant shipping regulations to reflect the international trend, the Republic should amend its merchant shipping regulation to incorporate the HSSC. Alternatively, the Republic may ratify SOLAS PROT 1988, and give full effect to its survey and certification standards and the relevant navigational safety provisions in the ANNEX of SOLAS.In addition, whilst a debate abounds on the international scene in respect of the scope of port State jurisdiction, the analysis of the regulatory framework for the exercise of port State jurisdiction in South Africa found that the regulatory framework for the exercise of port State jurisdiction by the Republic includes the regulation of not only environment-related navigational standards prescribed by article 218 LOSC, but also, navigational safety standards, and significantly, its scope is not burdened by the international law limitations to the exercise of coastal State jurisdiction. As such, a recommendation is made to the effect that when defining PSJ, its scope should not be limited to the enforcement of standards contained in article 218 LOSC, rather, it should be awarded a broader scope to include the regulation of other navigational standards including safety.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Metuge, Denning Ngomele
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Harbors -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Law of the sea -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19343 , vital:28853
- Description: This thesis set to examine whether South Africa has incorporated the provisions on vessel navigational safety standards established in the relevant international instruments developed by the IMO: the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS) as amended, the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 (STCW) as amended, and the Convention on International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGs) as amended. It also set to determine the regulatory scope for the exercise of port State jurisdiction from a South African perspective. To establish whether a vessel’s condition complies to prescribed navigational safety standards, the relevant international instruments require States that have ratified the instruments not only to ensure that vessels registered under their flag are inspected for compliance before they can navigate, but that foreign visiting vessels must be surveyed to ensure that they also comply with the safety standards. These surveys are conducted while vessels are in the port of a port State. In addition, the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (LOSC), provides in article 218 that the port State may enforce anti-pollution regulations committed by a vessel that calls at one of its ports, after committing an illegal discharge outside the territorial waters of the State and its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). However, the provisions of article 218 LOSC have been the center of scholarly debate on the scope of port State jurisdiction (PSJ). Whilst one school of thought holds that PSJ refers only to the provisions of article 218 LOSC, another contends that in defining PSJ, its meaning must be awarded a broader scope to include the regulation of navigational safety standards. Due to the varied opinions on the scope of PSJ, this thesis examined the regulatory framework for the exercise of port State jurisdiction (PSJ) in South Africa. The discussion was relevant to determine the role of PSJ to enhance navigational safety from a South African perspective. This thesis comprised of an in-depth analysis of primary and secondary sources of data relevant to the regulation of navigational safety. The data obtained was critically discussed to establish whether the relevant international navigational safety standards are incorporated into South African law. The process included critical discussions on the principle of jurisdiction, and its exercise by States under international law. The discussions analysed the complexities associated with defining jurisdiction and determining its scope, which are relevant in respect of States’ competence to prescribe and enforce domestic laws, in conformity with the requirements of the LOSC. International law awards jurisdiction to the State to regulate laws within its national territory subject to some restrictions. However, the meaning of jurisdiction is not easily discernible even to lawyers. The discussions showed that the Republic exercises jurisdiction in conformity with generally accepted grounds for the exercise of jurisdiction, and that it is the prerogative of the State to adopt laws it deems necessary within its territory. Thus, the incorporation of international instruments on the safety of navigation is not a forgone conclusion, as it is dependent on the will of the State to ratify, and give effect to the provisions of the relevant instruments in its domestic law. Furthermore, this thesis discussed the relevant international safety instruments in contrast to the provisions of South African merchant shipping regulations, to identify any regulatory gaps in the incorporation of their provisions in South African law. Against a background of comparative analyses of the international norms and the provisions of South African merchant shipping regulations, this research found that a significant number of the relevant international safety instruments are incorporated into south African law by Merchant Shipping Act (MSA) as amended, and regulations made in terms of the Act. The provisions of South African merchant shipping regulations are administered by the South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA). However, whilst this research found little doubt that the provisions of the STCW and COLREGs are given full effect in South African law, it identified regulatory differences in respect of the most relevant of all international instruments with regard to the safety of navigation, SOLAS. Some SOLAS provisions in respect of navigational safety are not incorporated into domestic law, and in some instances where they are incorporated, the provisions of domestic law contrasts that of SOLAS, or are not as comprehensive. For instance, there is a contrast in the provisions of the Navigation Bridge Visibility Regulations (NVBR), that make the regulations applicable to vessels of 45m or more in length constructed before 1 July 2008. Whereas, SOLAS regulations in respect of the navigation bridge visibility standards of vessels apply to vessels 55m or more length. Furthermore, a 5 months extension may be awarded in respect of a safety certificate issued for a South African vessel that is not in the Republic on the date of its expiry. This provision goes beyond the requirement of SOLAS, which requires that no extension be granted for a period longer than 3 months. Likewise, SAMSA may grant an extension of a safety certificate other than a cargo vessel construction certificate, for a period no longer than five month to enable a foreign vessel to complete its journey to its country of registry or point of inspection. This extension again, is longer than the 3 months requirement under SOLAS. Moreover, the survey requirements applicable to all South African vessels where ever they may be, and all foreign merchant vessels that come into the Republic, do not reflect the specific provisions of SOLAS. A significant amendment was made to SOLAS by SOLAS PROT 1988. SOLAS PROT 1988 introduced the harmonised system of survey and certification (HSSC) into the provisions of SOLAS, thereby harmonising its survey standards with those of other international instruments. SOLAS PROT 1988 has come into force for all States that have ratified the Protocol since the year 2000. This thesis finds that while South Africa is a party to SOLAS as amended by SOLAS PROT 1978, the Republic has not yet ratified SOLAS PROT 1988. Hence, the Republic is not bound to any requirements of SOLAS PROT 1988. Furthermore, although States that are not party to an international instrument requiring the implementation of the HSSC are invited to implement the HSSC anyway, there is no provision in the MSA that incorporates the HSSC. Of central importance to the regulation of merchant shipping standards, States are not only required to adopt domestic laws giving effect to international standards, but they are required to implement international standards in a uniform manner. This is aimed at avoiding a merchant shipping arena plagued by conflicting unilateral domestic rules. SOLAS PROT 1988 has been ratified by States comprising of 96% of the world’s merchant fleet by tonnage. The massive acceptance of SOLAS PROT 1988 is indicative of the international trend, towards uniformity in the implementation of international norms. This thesis recommends that, for the Republic’s merchant shipping regulations to reflect the international trend, the Republic should amend its merchant shipping regulation to incorporate the HSSC. Alternatively, the Republic may ratify SOLAS PROT 1988, and give full effect to its survey and certification standards and the relevant navigational safety provisions in the ANNEX of SOLAS.In addition, whilst a debate abounds on the international scene in respect of the scope of port State jurisdiction, the analysis of the regulatory framework for the exercise of port State jurisdiction in South Africa found that the regulatory framework for the exercise of port State jurisdiction by the Republic includes the regulation of not only environment-related navigational standards prescribed by article 218 LOSC, but also, navigational safety standards, and significantly, its scope is not burdened by the international law limitations to the exercise of coastal State jurisdiction. As such, a recommendation is made to the effect that when defining PSJ, its scope should not be limited to the enforcement of standards contained in article 218 LOSC, rather, it should be awarded a broader scope to include the regulation of other navigational standards including safety.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The role played by government to promote and support emerging entrepreneurs
- Authors: Malitafa, Babalwa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Small business -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth New business enterprises -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42617 , vital:36674
- Description: This study investigated the role played by government in promoting and supporting emerging entrepreneurs. The study focused on the entrepreneurs in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan. This study findings indicate that the participants are aware of the initiatives established by government to promote and support emerging entrepreneurs. The participants also view the initiatives as ineffective in their quest to promote and support emerging entrepreneurs. Participants in this study highlighted that funding should be made readily available to the emerging entrepreneurs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Malitafa, Babalwa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Small business -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth New business enterprises -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42617 , vital:36674
- Description: This study investigated the role played by government in promoting and supporting emerging entrepreneurs. The study focused on the entrepreneurs in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan. This study findings indicate that the participants are aware of the initiatives established by government to promote and support emerging entrepreneurs. The participants also view the initiatives as ineffective in their quest to promote and support emerging entrepreneurs. Participants in this study highlighted that funding should be made readily available to the emerging entrepreneurs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The role of ‘social fathers’ in navigation into adulthood
- Authors: Liziwe, Mavongwana
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Fatherhood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51320 , vital:43263
- Description: Various studies have indicated that there is a high rate of father absence in South Africa. This is due to many socio-political conditions like migration, resulting in fathers leaving their families behind in rural areas to find work in urban areas. In addition to this, many households are in fact headed by females as single mothers and they often raise children effectively under difficult socio-economic circumstances. They are often supported by their extended family members such as aunts, uncles and grandparents who take on the role of providing, guiding and giving emotional support for their children’s well-being. South Africa is diverse, with different cultures, where certain cultural practices requires the presence of the father. An example of this is the isiXhosa culture particularly in the rural communities, where the presence of the biological father is important during the transition period from boyhood to manhood. In the absence of biological fathers during this period, other men in the family play this role, known as social fathers. Conversations around absent fathers do not always recognize these support figures in the life of young people. This research study focused on the experiences of young IsiXhosa males regarding the role of social fathers in the process of navigation into adulthood. The researcher conducted this study using a qualitative research approach with non-probability, purposive sampling. Information were gathered through narrative interviews allowing participants to share their experiences of different life transitions and the role that social fathers played during these times. Narrative analysis were used as data analysis method to identify and summarize information gathered. The participants were drawn from the rural communities of Idutywa in the Eastern Cape. The sample of this study were young IsiXhosa males between the age of 18 and 35. The researcher hopes that, by focusing on the role of social fathers in the development of young people, their roles can be escalated and more duly recognized in the work with families. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Liziwe, Mavongwana
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Fatherhood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51320 , vital:43263
- Description: Various studies have indicated that there is a high rate of father absence in South Africa. This is due to many socio-political conditions like migration, resulting in fathers leaving their families behind in rural areas to find work in urban areas. In addition to this, many households are in fact headed by females as single mothers and they often raise children effectively under difficult socio-economic circumstances. They are often supported by their extended family members such as aunts, uncles and grandparents who take on the role of providing, guiding and giving emotional support for their children’s well-being. South Africa is diverse, with different cultures, where certain cultural practices requires the presence of the father. An example of this is the isiXhosa culture particularly in the rural communities, where the presence of the biological father is important during the transition period from boyhood to manhood. In the absence of biological fathers during this period, other men in the family play this role, known as social fathers. Conversations around absent fathers do not always recognize these support figures in the life of young people. This research study focused on the experiences of young IsiXhosa males regarding the role of social fathers in the process of navigation into adulthood. The researcher conducted this study using a qualitative research approach with non-probability, purposive sampling. Information were gathered through narrative interviews allowing participants to share their experiences of different life transitions and the role that social fathers played during these times. Narrative analysis were used as data analysis method to identify and summarize information gathered. The participants were drawn from the rural communities of Idutywa in the Eastern Cape. The sample of this study were young IsiXhosa males between the age of 18 and 35. The researcher hopes that, by focusing on the role of social fathers in the development of young people, their roles can be escalated and more duly recognized in the work with families. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
The role of women's agricultural cooperatives in meeting United Nations sustainable development goals
- Authors: Boni, Ntomboxolo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Millennium Development Goals , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa , Cooperative societies -- South Africa , Women in agriculture -- South Africa , Rural development -- South Africa , Sustainable development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21768 , vital:29775
- Description: The majority of the people in South Africa were poor prior 1994, especially those in the rural areas. Poverty in the rural areas affected mostly the women. The government of South Africa designed support programmes to mainstream women into the economy, although it had its own challenges, such as the non-participation of women in their own development and the top-down approach that at times was used by the government in the implementation of the programmes. Owing to the nature of the rural areas, agriculture was identified as a sector that had a potential to improve the economy in order to address the challenges of unemployment, poverty and inequality. Since 2005 the concept of cooperative development has been a vehicle that has the potential to address the aforementioned challenges. In order for the cooperative development to run efficiently and effectively and in line with the cooperative principles and values, the government should keep the independence of this sector in mind by engaging the cooperatives in all the activities that were affecting the cooperative sector through their cooperative movement.The findings of the study showed that the agricultural cooperatives have not yet addressed poverty fully. All their members were employed and at times employment opportunities were extended to their community members, but the income earned was not satisfying its members. The women felt that they were not in control of their development as they lacked the capacity to lead and they were still led by the men in their cooperatives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Boni, Ntomboxolo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Millennium Development Goals , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa , Cooperative societies -- South Africa , Women in agriculture -- South Africa , Rural development -- South Africa , Sustainable development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21768 , vital:29775
- Description: The majority of the people in South Africa were poor prior 1994, especially those in the rural areas. Poverty in the rural areas affected mostly the women. The government of South Africa designed support programmes to mainstream women into the economy, although it had its own challenges, such as the non-participation of women in their own development and the top-down approach that at times was used by the government in the implementation of the programmes. Owing to the nature of the rural areas, agriculture was identified as a sector that had a potential to improve the economy in order to address the challenges of unemployment, poverty and inequality. Since 2005 the concept of cooperative development has been a vehicle that has the potential to address the aforementioned challenges. In order for the cooperative development to run efficiently and effectively and in line with the cooperative principles and values, the government should keep the independence of this sector in mind by engaging the cooperatives in all the activities that were affecting the cooperative sector through their cooperative movement.The findings of the study showed that the agricultural cooperatives have not yet addressed poverty fully. All their members were employed and at times employment opportunities were extended to their community members, but the income earned was not satisfying its members. The women felt that they were not in control of their development as they lacked the capacity to lead and they were still led by the men in their cooperatives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018