Landscapes of division: social movements and the politics of urban and rural space in the Grahamstown region of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: O’Halloran, Paddy
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3950 , vital:20572
- Description: This thesis investigates the politics of two grassroots social movements, the Unemployed People’s Movement (UPM), based in Grahamstown, and the Rural People’s Movement (RPM), based in the rural areas near Peddie, forty miles east. Observing that urban and rural are political designations, the primary question of this thesis is: Do the politics of these social movements challenge the conception of urban and rural as discrete political spaces? To some extent, it responds to and complicates Mamdani’s theory of a bifurcated state in post-apartheid South Africa in which urban zones are the site of civil society and rural zones the site of traditional authorities, and only the former a democratised space (1996). Three themes—race, space, and citizenship—are employed and interrogated in the process of answering the principal question. Broadly historical in nature, and understanding the present political context to be a product of historical processes, the thesis begins with an historical study of the Grahamstown region from the time of the town’s founding in 1812 until the end of apartheid in 1994, keeping the three key themes in focus. Then the politics of UPM and RPM are explored through a series of interviews aimed at understanding the context and experience of movement members and seeking their insight into the question of urban and rural space. Their responses are presented as a dialogue employing a theoretical strategy from Aguilar (2014) that distinguishes between and provides a framework to measure the ‘practical scope’ and the ‘interior horizon’ of movements. The thesis concludes with a discussion of important themes arising in the interviews: citizenship, NGOs, and political parties, and, of course, space. The backdrop to this concluding discussion is the xenophobic violence which occurred in Grahamstown in October 2015, helping situate the research and themes within the broader context of South African politics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: O’Halloran, Paddy
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3950 , vital:20572
- Description: This thesis investigates the politics of two grassroots social movements, the Unemployed People’s Movement (UPM), based in Grahamstown, and the Rural People’s Movement (RPM), based in the rural areas near Peddie, forty miles east. Observing that urban and rural are political designations, the primary question of this thesis is: Do the politics of these social movements challenge the conception of urban and rural as discrete political spaces? To some extent, it responds to and complicates Mamdani’s theory of a bifurcated state in post-apartheid South Africa in which urban zones are the site of civil society and rural zones the site of traditional authorities, and only the former a democratised space (1996). Three themes—race, space, and citizenship—are employed and interrogated in the process of answering the principal question. Broadly historical in nature, and understanding the present political context to be a product of historical processes, the thesis begins with an historical study of the Grahamstown region from the time of the town’s founding in 1812 until the end of apartheid in 1994, keeping the three key themes in focus. Then the politics of UPM and RPM are explored through a series of interviews aimed at understanding the context and experience of movement members and seeking their insight into the question of urban and rural space. Their responses are presented as a dialogue employing a theoretical strategy from Aguilar (2014) that distinguishes between and provides a framework to measure the ‘practical scope’ and the ‘interior horizon’ of movements. The thesis concludes with a discussion of important themes arising in the interviews: citizenship, NGOs, and political parties, and, of course, space. The backdrop to this concluding discussion is the xenophobic violence which occurred in Grahamstown in October 2015, helping situate the research and themes within the broader context of South African politics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Knowledge, attitudes and experiences of dieticians in relation to tuberculosis at the workplace
- Authors: Oxland, Ingrid Oxley
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Etiology Disease management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12972 , vital:27140
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) is acknowledged as an epidemic in South Africa. Health care professionals (HCPs), including dieticians, are at an increased risk for TB-infection compared to the general population. Implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) TB infection control measures can protect HCPs from contracting TB; however, many studies have shown poor adherence to guidelines by HCPs. The aim of the study was to determine dieticians’ knowledge, attitudes and experiences in relation to TB at the workplace. A descriptive quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed. Convenience sampling was applied. The online survey was conducted between August 2014 and March 2015. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical principles were adhered to. The sample consisted of 102 registered dieticians in South Africa. Good knowledge was displayed as two-thirds of dieticians correctly identified the National TB Management Guidelines and the main signs and symptoms of TB. However, a critical knowledge gap regarding TB transmission was identified, as only 42% of dieticians knew that TB could spread by talking. Favourable attitudes towards TB and infection control measures were present, except towards inadequate staffing levels and being worried about TB. The respondents reported that the fear of contracting TB affected patient interaction. Poor adherence to infection control measures was found. Only 45% of dieticians reported having a written TB infection control plan at their workplace, and only 23% were trained on TB infection control measures. Coughing patients were not always triaged and education material was not always available for TB patients. The availability of N-95 respirators was reported by 76% of dieticians. Training on TB infection control measures could influence dieticians’ adherence to infection control measures, ultimately protecting them from contracting TB at the workplace.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Oxland, Ingrid Oxley
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Etiology Disease management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12972 , vital:27140
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) is acknowledged as an epidemic in South Africa. Health care professionals (HCPs), including dieticians, are at an increased risk for TB-infection compared to the general population. Implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) TB infection control measures can protect HCPs from contracting TB; however, many studies have shown poor adherence to guidelines by HCPs. The aim of the study was to determine dieticians’ knowledge, attitudes and experiences in relation to TB at the workplace. A descriptive quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed. Convenience sampling was applied. The online survey was conducted between August 2014 and March 2015. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical principles were adhered to. The sample consisted of 102 registered dieticians in South Africa. Good knowledge was displayed as two-thirds of dieticians correctly identified the National TB Management Guidelines and the main signs and symptoms of TB. However, a critical knowledge gap regarding TB transmission was identified, as only 42% of dieticians knew that TB could spread by talking. Favourable attitudes towards TB and infection control measures were present, except towards inadequate staffing levels and being worried about TB. The respondents reported that the fear of contracting TB affected patient interaction. Poor adherence to infection control measures was found. Only 45% of dieticians reported having a written TB infection control plan at their workplace, and only 23% were trained on TB infection control measures. Coughing patients were not always triaged and education material was not always available for TB patients. The availability of N-95 respirators was reported by 76% of dieticians. Training on TB infection control measures could influence dieticians’ adherence to infection control measures, ultimately protecting them from contracting TB at the workplace.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Seasonal physiological responses in the Cape Rockjumper (Chaetops frenatus): a Fynbos endemic bird shows limited capacity to deal with temperature extremes
- Authors: Oswald, Krista Natasha
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Endemic birds -- South Africa Fynbos ecology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12994 , vital:27142
- Description: The Fynbos biome in south-western South Africa is a global biodiversity hotspot vulnerable to climate change. Of the six Fynbos-endemic passerines, Cape Rockjumpers (hereafter Rockjumpers; Chaetops frenatus) are most vulnerable to increases in temperature, with population declines correlated with warming, and low physiological heat thresholds. Rockjumper’s preferred mountain habitat is predicted to decrease as they lack opportunity to move to cooler regions as temperatures warm. As Rockjumpers currently occupy the coldest regions of the Fynbos, I hypothesized their thermal physiology would show cold adaptation at the expense of lowered ability to cope with higher temperatures. I aimed to determine the seasonal 1) maintenance metabolism and cold tolerance, and 2) thermoregulatory responses to high temperatures of Rockjumpers. I measured seasonal maintenance metabolic rate, thermal conductance, and maximum thermogenic capacity. I also measured seasonal resting metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, evaporative cooling efficiency, and body temperature at high air temperatures. In winter, Rockjumpers had higher maximum thermogenic capacity, lower maintenance metabolic rate, and lower thermal conductance. Lower maintenance metabolic rates (and thus, lower metabolic heat production) combined with the decreased thermal conductance, confers substantial energy savings in winter. The increased winter maximum thermogenic capacity of Rockjumpers was expected, although the mean seasonal values fell below those expected for a ~ 50 g bird using a global data set, suggesting Rockjumpers are not especially cold tolerant. I further show that in summer Rockjumpers had higher elevations in resting metabolic rates, evaporative water loss, and body temperature, denoting higher rates of heat production and lower heat thresholds in summer compared to winter. My results suggest that Rockjumpers are best suited for relatively mild Krista Oswald Dissertation Chapter 1: General Introduction temperatures. While I found further support for a physiological basis for declining Rockjumper populations, further studies on other mechanisms Rockjumpers may possess to cope with climate warming (e.g. behavioural adjustments) are needed in order to truly understand their vulnerability to climate change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Oswald, Krista Natasha
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Endemic birds -- South Africa Fynbos ecology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12994 , vital:27142
- Description: The Fynbos biome in south-western South Africa is a global biodiversity hotspot vulnerable to climate change. Of the six Fynbos-endemic passerines, Cape Rockjumpers (hereafter Rockjumpers; Chaetops frenatus) are most vulnerable to increases in temperature, with population declines correlated with warming, and low physiological heat thresholds. Rockjumper’s preferred mountain habitat is predicted to decrease as they lack opportunity to move to cooler regions as temperatures warm. As Rockjumpers currently occupy the coldest regions of the Fynbos, I hypothesized their thermal physiology would show cold adaptation at the expense of lowered ability to cope with higher temperatures. I aimed to determine the seasonal 1) maintenance metabolism and cold tolerance, and 2) thermoregulatory responses to high temperatures of Rockjumpers. I measured seasonal maintenance metabolic rate, thermal conductance, and maximum thermogenic capacity. I also measured seasonal resting metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, evaporative cooling efficiency, and body temperature at high air temperatures. In winter, Rockjumpers had higher maximum thermogenic capacity, lower maintenance metabolic rate, and lower thermal conductance. Lower maintenance metabolic rates (and thus, lower metabolic heat production) combined with the decreased thermal conductance, confers substantial energy savings in winter. The increased winter maximum thermogenic capacity of Rockjumpers was expected, although the mean seasonal values fell below those expected for a ~ 50 g bird using a global data set, suggesting Rockjumpers are not especially cold tolerant. I further show that in summer Rockjumpers had higher elevations in resting metabolic rates, evaporative water loss, and body temperature, denoting higher rates of heat production and lower heat thresholds in summer compared to winter. My results suggest that Rockjumpers are best suited for relatively mild Krista Oswald Dissertation Chapter 1: General Introduction temperatures. While I found further support for a physiological basis for declining Rockjumper populations, further studies on other mechanisms Rockjumpers may possess to cope with climate warming (e.g. behavioural adjustments) are needed in order to truly understand their vulnerability to climate change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation of the history and works of the Keiskamma Art Project
- Authors: Osner, Heather
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Community arts projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Artists and community -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13038 , vital:27146
- Description: This research study focusses on how and why Carol Hofmeyr began the Keiskamma Art Project in Hamburg, Eastern Cape, as well as the development of the project’s infrastructure, history and detailed business practices and how it has evolved. A chronological detailed pictorial record has been drawn up of the major/monumental works it has produced, its achievements, awards and the accolades it has won. The recurrent narrative themes of HIV/AIDS, Nguni cattle, the Nongquawuse story, local birds, plants and fish which are also discussed. A comparable study, comparing the business practices of the Keiskamma Art Project with the research of Professor Ingrid Stevens on Morris & Co and five other successful, sustained South African Art Projects. Data has been tabulated in an effort to recognise the variances, similarities and differences in an effort to identify a “best practise” business model. Such a model may assist in the development of further art projects, so as to uplift other poverty stricken communities in South Africa. This research study focusses on how and why Carol Hofmeyr began the Keiskamma Art Project in Hamburg, Eastern Cape, as well as the development of the project’s infrastructure, history and detailed business practices and how it has evolved. A chronological detailed pictorial record has been drawn up of the major/monumental works it has produced, its achievements, awards and the accolades it has won. The recurrent narrative themes of HIV/AIDS, Nguni cattle, the Nongquawuse story, local birds, plants and fish which are also discussed. A comparable study, comparing the business practices of the Keiskamma Art Project with the research of Professor Ingrid Stevens on Morris & Co and five other successful, sustained South African Art Projects. Data has been tabulated in an effort to recognise the variances, similarities and differences in an effort to identify a “best practise” business model. Such a model may assist in the development of further art projects, so as to uplift other poverty-stricken communities in South Africa.This research study focusses on how and why Carol Hofmeyr began the Keiskamma Art Project in Hamburg, Eastern Cape, as well as the development of the project’s infrastructure, history and detailed business practices and how it has evolved. A chronological detailed pictorial record has been drawn up of the major/monumental works it has produced, its achievements, awards and the accolades it has won. The recurrent narrative themes of HIV/AIDS, Nguni cattle, the Nongquawuse story, local birds, plants and fish which are also discussed. A comparable study, comparing the business practices of the Keiskamma Art Project with the research of Professor Ingrid Stevens on Morris & Co and five other successful, sustained South African Art Projects. Data has been tabulated in an effort to recognise the variances, similarities and differences in an effort to identify a “best practise” business model. Such a model may assist in the development of further art projects, so as to uplift other poverty stricken communities in South Africa.This research study focusses on how and why Carol Hofmeyr began the Keiskamma Art Project in Hamburg, Eastern Cape, as well as the development of the project’s infrastructure, history and detailed business practices and how it has evolved. A chronological detailed pictorial record has been drawn up of the major/monumental works it has produced, its achievements, awards and the accolades it has won. The recurrent narrative themes of HIV/AIDS, Nguni cattle, the Nongquawuse story, local birds, plants and fish which are also discussed. A comparable study, comparing the business practices of the Keiskamma Art Project with the research of Professor Ingrid Stevens on Morris & Co and five other successful, sustained South African Art Projects. Data has been tabulated in an effort to recognise the variances, similarities and differences in an effort to identify a “best practise” business model. Such a model may assist in the development of further art projects, so as to uplift other poverty stricken communities in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Osner, Heather
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Community arts projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Artists and community -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13038 , vital:27146
- Description: This research study focusses on how and why Carol Hofmeyr began the Keiskamma Art Project in Hamburg, Eastern Cape, as well as the development of the project’s infrastructure, history and detailed business practices and how it has evolved. A chronological detailed pictorial record has been drawn up of the major/monumental works it has produced, its achievements, awards and the accolades it has won. The recurrent narrative themes of HIV/AIDS, Nguni cattle, the Nongquawuse story, local birds, plants and fish which are also discussed. A comparable study, comparing the business practices of the Keiskamma Art Project with the research of Professor Ingrid Stevens on Morris & Co and five other successful, sustained South African Art Projects. Data has been tabulated in an effort to recognise the variances, similarities and differences in an effort to identify a “best practise” business model. Such a model may assist in the development of further art projects, so as to uplift other poverty stricken communities in South Africa. This research study focusses on how and why Carol Hofmeyr began the Keiskamma Art Project in Hamburg, Eastern Cape, as well as the development of the project’s infrastructure, history and detailed business practices and how it has evolved. A chronological detailed pictorial record has been drawn up of the major/monumental works it has produced, its achievements, awards and the accolades it has won. The recurrent narrative themes of HIV/AIDS, Nguni cattle, the Nongquawuse story, local birds, plants and fish which are also discussed. A comparable study, comparing the business practices of the Keiskamma Art Project with the research of Professor Ingrid Stevens on Morris & Co and five other successful, sustained South African Art Projects. Data has been tabulated in an effort to recognise the variances, similarities and differences in an effort to identify a “best practise” business model. Such a model may assist in the development of further art projects, so as to uplift other poverty-stricken communities in South Africa.This research study focusses on how and why Carol Hofmeyr began the Keiskamma Art Project in Hamburg, Eastern Cape, as well as the development of the project’s infrastructure, history and detailed business practices and how it has evolved. A chronological detailed pictorial record has been drawn up of the major/monumental works it has produced, its achievements, awards and the accolades it has won. The recurrent narrative themes of HIV/AIDS, Nguni cattle, the Nongquawuse story, local birds, plants and fish which are also discussed. A comparable study, comparing the business practices of the Keiskamma Art Project with the research of Professor Ingrid Stevens on Morris & Co and five other successful, sustained South African Art Projects. Data has been tabulated in an effort to recognise the variances, similarities and differences in an effort to identify a “best practise” business model. Such a model may assist in the development of further art projects, so as to uplift other poverty stricken communities in South Africa.This research study focusses on how and why Carol Hofmeyr began the Keiskamma Art Project in Hamburg, Eastern Cape, as well as the development of the project’s infrastructure, history and detailed business practices and how it has evolved. A chronological detailed pictorial record has been drawn up of the major/monumental works it has produced, its achievements, awards and the accolades it has won. The recurrent narrative themes of HIV/AIDS, Nguni cattle, the Nongquawuse story, local birds, plants and fish which are also discussed. A comparable study, comparing the business practices of the Keiskamma Art Project with the research of Professor Ingrid Stevens on Morris & Co and five other successful, sustained South African Art Projects. Data has been tabulated in an effort to recognise the variances, similarities and differences in an effort to identify a “best practise” business model. Such a model may assist in the development of further art projects, so as to uplift other poverty stricken communities in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A corpus-based approach to writing in German as a foreign language in the South African tertiary context
- Authors: Ortner, Gwyndolen Jeanie
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3660 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021256
- Description: German Studies students at Rhodes University have normally never studied the German language before enrolling for the first-year course and face the challenge of a fairly rapid linguistic advancement in order to engage meaningfully with the literatures and cultures of German-speaking countries. This thesis investigates the process of teaching and learning to write in a more academic way in German as a foreign language at Rhodes University, using corpus linguistic tools for both analysis and instruction. The past 20 years have shown a shift from traditional teaching methods resting on notions of an underlying prescriptive grammar, to teaching based on insights from real-life language data (Gabrielatos, 2005; Krummes & Ensslin, 2012; Sinclair, 1997) and applications of corpora to teaching and learning have shown to be highly successful in many European contexts (Aijmer, 2010; Johns, 1991; Granger, et al., 2002; Varley, 2009). In the South African context however, this is a relatively new concept with few publications on the application of corpus linguistics to language teaching (Van Rooy, 2008), and one which does not seem to have reached its full potential. A writing course was instituted whose aim was two-fold: 1. to teach learners “every-day academic” German words (TAG words) and phrases (collocations) based on German mother-tongue corpus evidence; 2. to have learners write short assignments in German at regular intervals (Homstad & Thorson, 1996; Estes, et al., 1998); both aims with the overarching objective to improve the students’ academic register in German. After the writing course, 80% of the participants perceived that their writing had improved and specifically attributed this to the corpus-based instruction received during the writing course, and regular writing in German. Quantitative data (from the learner corpus created) shows a marked improvement in the use of the collocations taught. Moreover, participants (weaker students in particular) also found that their writing in English had improved as a result of the various exercises they had to complete as part of our German writing course.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ortner, Gwyndolen Jeanie
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3660 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021256
- Description: German Studies students at Rhodes University have normally never studied the German language before enrolling for the first-year course and face the challenge of a fairly rapid linguistic advancement in order to engage meaningfully with the literatures and cultures of German-speaking countries. This thesis investigates the process of teaching and learning to write in a more academic way in German as a foreign language at Rhodes University, using corpus linguistic tools for both analysis and instruction. The past 20 years have shown a shift from traditional teaching methods resting on notions of an underlying prescriptive grammar, to teaching based on insights from real-life language data (Gabrielatos, 2005; Krummes & Ensslin, 2012; Sinclair, 1997) and applications of corpora to teaching and learning have shown to be highly successful in many European contexts (Aijmer, 2010; Johns, 1991; Granger, et al., 2002; Varley, 2009). In the South African context however, this is a relatively new concept with few publications on the application of corpus linguistics to language teaching (Van Rooy, 2008), and one which does not seem to have reached its full potential. A writing course was instituted whose aim was two-fold: 1. to teach learners “every-day academic” German words (TAG words) and phrases (collocations) based on German mother-tongue corpus evidence; 2. to have learners write short assignments in German at regular intervals (Homstad & Thorson, 1996; Estes, et al., 1998); both aims with the overarching objective to improve the students’ academic register in German. After the writing course, 80% of the participants perceived that their writing had improved and specifically attributed this to the corpus-based instruction received during the writing course, and regular writing in German. Quantitative data (from the learner corpus created) shows a marked improvement in the use of the collocations taught. Moreover, participants (weaker students in particular) also found that their writing in English had improved as a result of the various exercises they had to complete as part of our German writing course.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Ultra-high precision grinding of BK7 glass
- Authors: Onwuka, Goodness Raluchukwu
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Machining , Machine-tools -- Monitoring , Acoustic emission
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEngineering
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5203 , vital:20820
- Description: With the increase in the application of ultra-precision manufactured parts and the absence of much participation of researchers in ultra-high precision grinding of optical glasses which has a high rate of demand in the industries, it becomes imperative to garner a full understanding of the production of these precision optics using the above-listed technology. Single point inclined axes grinding configuration and Box-Behnken experimental design was developed and applied to the ultra-high precision grinding of BK7 glass. A high sampling acoustic emission monitoring system was implemented to monitor the process. The research tends to monitor the ultra-high precision grinding of BK7 glass using acoustic emission which has proven to be an effective sensing technique to monitor grinding processes. Response surface methodology was adopted to analyze the effect of the interaction between the machining parameters: feed, speed, depth of cut and the generated surface roughness. Furthermore, back propagation Artificial Neural Network was also implemented through careful feature extraction and selection process. The proposed models are aimed at creating a database guide to the ultra-high precision grinding of precision optics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Onwuka, Goodness Raluchukwu
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Machining , Machine-tools -- Monitoring , Acoustic emission
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEngineering
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5203 , vital:20820
- Description: With the increase in the application of ultra-precision manufactured parts and the absence of much participation of researchers in ultra-high precision grinding of optical glasses which has a high rate of demand in the industries, it becomes imperative to garner a full understanding of the production of these precision optics using the above-listed technology. Single point inclined axes grinding configuration and Box-Behnken experimental design was developed and applied to the ultra-high precision grinding of BK7 glass. A high sampling acoustic emission monitoring system was implemented to monitor the process. The research tends to monitor the ultra-high precision grinding of BK7 glass using acoustic emission which has proven to be an effective sensing technique to monitor grinding processes. Response surface methodology was adopted to analyze the effect of the interaction between the machining parameters: feed, speed, depth of cut and the generated surface roughness. Furthermore, back propagation Artificial Neural Network was also implemented through careful feature extraction and selection process. The proposed models are aimed at creating a database guide to the ultra-high precision grinding of precision optics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An investigation into the IGR practices in local government planning in the Eastern Cape: A case study of Amathole District Municipality
- Authors: Omoruyi, Uchenna Diamond
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Intergovernmental cooperation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape City planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7720 , vital:30712
- Description: The governance system in post-apartheid South Africa brought about the working together of the three spheres of government, namely, the National, Provincial and Local spheres in a principle of intergovernmental relations underpinned by a system of cooperative government. Cooperative governance is about intergovernmental integration and coordination which sees the three spheres of government working together and functioning in harmony to provide public services and meet the needs of communities effectively and comes together in the integrated development plan (IDP), the key strategic planning instrument at local government level. In developing the IDP’s, the Municipal systems Act requires cooperation between the different spheres of government with the IDP providing the basis for the alignment of policy, planning and budgeting processes across all spheres. The IDP is, therefore, very important to IGR as it is meant to coordinate the programs, plans and projects of national and provincial departments that are to be implemented at local government level. This research, therefore, investigates the IGR practices in local government planning in the Eastern Cape, focusing on the Amathole District Municipality. A qualitative research method was utilized in this study and data was acquired through secondary sources to achieve the aims and objectives of this study. Data that was gathered was analyzed using an analytical framework. The study revealed that although the Amathole District Municipality has IGR structures to coordinate the IDP development process and the involvement of these structures have brought some positive changes to the IDP process; however, there are challenges that are still crippling the process, thereby, leaving much to be desired. Consequently, recommendations based on the findings were offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Omoruyi, Uchenna Diamond
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Intergovernmental cooperation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape City planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7720 , vital:30712
- Description: The governance system in post-apartheid South Africa brought about the working together of the three spheres of government, namely, the National, Provincial and Local spheres in a principle of intergovernmental relations underpinned by a system of cooperative government. Cooperative governance is about intergovernmental integration and coordination which sees the three spheres of government working together and functioning in harmony to provide public services and meet the needs of communities effectively and comes together in the integrated development plan (IDP), the key strategic planning instrument at local government level. In developing the IDP’s, the Municipal systems Act requires cooperation between the different spheres of government with the IDP providing the basis for the alignment of policy, planning and budgeting processes across all spheres. The IDP is, therefore, very important to IGR as it is meant to coordinate the programs, plans and projects of national and provincial departments that are to be implemented at local government level. This research, therefore, investigates the IGR practices in local government planning in the Eastern Cape, focusing on the Amathole District Municipality. A qualitative research method was utilized in this study and data was acquired through secondary sources to achieve the aims and objectives of this study. Data that was gathered was analyzed using an analytical framework. The study revealed that although the Amathole District Municipality has IGR structures to coordinate the IDP development process and the involvement of these structures have brought some positive changes to the IDP process; however, there are challenges that are still crippling the process, thereby, leaving much to be desired. Consequently, recommendations based on the findings were offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Creation and detection of Vector Bessel Beams
- Omoefe, Idisi David, Forbes, Andrew
- Authors: Omoefe, Idisi David , Forbes, Andrew
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Vector analysis Quantum theory
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1785 , vital:27558
- Description: Bessel beams are optical fields which falls into the category of non-diffracting beams. Vector Bessel beams are vector beams possessing cylindrical symmetry. Cylindrically symmetric beams tend to have a tight focal point during propagation. The tight focal beam nature of vector Bessel beams makes them a good potential in various facets of science such as biological optical trapping, wireless communications, remote sensing, microscopy etc. In this research work, vector Bessel beams were generated using the phase of an Axicon that was encoded into a spatial light modulator. Firstly, scalar Bessel beams which possess linear polarization were generated and converted to circularly polarized vector beams by the use of a q-plate. The orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes that are embedded in the vortex beams were detected using modal decomposition technique. This was implemented for both the scalar and vector case using a quarter wave plate. The measure of the degree of non-separability of the vector Bessel beams using tomographic quantum tools was also implemented where the density matrix was reconstructed. The concurrence and fidelity which explore the measure of vectorness of both scalar and vector Bessel beams were calculated from the density matrix. The obtained results show that the spatial modes and polarization are coupled in the vector case as expected.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Omoefe, Idisi David , Forbes, Andrew
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Vector analysis Quantum theory
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1785 , vital:27558
- Description: Bessel beams are optical fields which falls into the category of non-diffracting beams. Vector Bessel beams are vector beams possessing cylindrical symmetry. Cylindrically symmetric beams tend to have a tight focal point during propagation. The tight focal beam nature of vector Bessel beams makes them a good potential in various facets of science such as biological optical trapping, wireless communications, remote sensing, microscopy etc. In this research work, vector Bessel beams were generated using the phase of an Axicon that was encoded into a spatial light modulator. Firstly, scalar Bessel beams which possess linear polarization were generated and converted to circularly polarized vector beams by the use of a q-plate. The orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes that are embedded in the vortex beams were detected using modal decomposition technique. This was implemented for both the scalar and vector case using a quarter wave plate. The measure of the degree of non-separability of the vector Bessel beams using tomographic quantum tools was also implemented where the density matrix was reconstructed. The concurrence and fidelity which explore the measure of vectorness of both scalar and vector Bessel beams were calculated from the density matrix. The obtained results show that the spatial modes and polarization are coupled in the vector case as expected.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Reconfiguring international pharmaceutical patent protection principles to combat linkage evergreening :|b'de-linking the evergreen' and proposing a solution for developing countries
- Authors: Omino, Akinyi Melissa Anne
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Patent medicines--Developing countries Drugs--Developing countries Patent laws and legislation--Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Law
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11663 , vital:39094
- Description: Recent remarks made by the current South African Minister of Health describing as a plot to ‘genocide’ a leaked document allegedly authored by a group of multinational pharmaceutical companies in response to the country’s Draft IP Policy is evidence of the importance of both pharmaceutical patents and the national intellectual property policies underpinning their legislative landscape. The proliferation of linkage evergreening provisions through multilateral agreements has also recently become a trend globally. Evergreening has been described as the various ways in which pharmaceutical patent owners use the law and related regulatory processes to extend the patent term of their high profit-making pharmaceuticals. The evergreening phenomenon has also been referred to as patent evergreening, which involves the practice of obtaining multiple patents that cover different aspects of the same product. Linkage evergreening however specifically refers to the phenomenon where generics pharmaceutical manufacturers cannot receive regulatory approval or marketing authorization for developing a pharmaceutical product that is still protected by a patent. The evergreening phenomenon is achieved through Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) which require participating nations to incorporate linkage and other intellectual property provisions in their national patent systems in exchange for preferential trade terms. These agreements generally provide for stronger provisions than the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and are thus referred to as “TRIPS Plus". Not surprisingly, these “TRIPS Plus” FTAs are negotiated outside the purview of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This thesis examines the role, legality and impact of bilateral free trade agreements which include wide ranging provisions that allow the proliferation of linkage evergreening and thereby frustrate and delay generic medicines’ market entry, prolong and expand patent protections and constrain the exercise of TRIPS flexibilities intended to support access and promote public health. The free trade agreements discussed include the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the US - Australia Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) and the US - Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUSFTA). This study also examines the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) in the context of access to medicines and linkage evergreening in developing countries and LDCs in Africa, with a focus on the recently concluded EU – SADC EPA and the EU-EAC EPA still under negotiation. Relevant legislation, policy documents and case law from South Africa, India, the EAC and ARIPO are also explored in this study to gauge their potential to effectively address the challenges of access to medicines and evergreening. This thesis offers a solution to evergreening through the recommendation of guidelines which show law and policy makers how to curtail linkage evergreening. More specifically, it is hoped that the said guidelines as well as the discussion and analyses presented in this thesis will assist in the development of national and regional intellectual property policies, amendment of national and regional legislative instruments as well as the negotiation of regional trade agreements aimed at securing the interests of LDCs and developing countries. It is further hoped that the recommendations made will contribute to ongoing efforts to improve access to affordable medicines in the developing world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Omino, Akinyi Melissa Anne
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Patent medicines--Developing countries Drugs--Developing countries Patent laws and legislation--Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Law
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11663 , vital:39094
- Description: Recent remarks made by the current South African Minister of Health describing as a plot to ‘genocide’ a leaked document allegedly authored by a group of multinational pharmaceutical companies in response to the country’s Draft IP Policy is evidence of the importance of both pharmaceutical patents and the national intellectual property policies underpinning their legislative landscape. The proliferation of linkage evergreening provisions through multilateral agreements has also recently become a trend globally. Evergreening has been described as the various ways in which pharmaceutical patent owners use the law and related regulatory processes to extend the patent term of their high profit-making pharmaceuticals. The evergreening phenomenon has also been referred to as patent evergreening, which involves the practice of obtaining multiple patents that cover different aspects of the same product. Linkage evergreening however specifically refers to the phenomenon where generics pharmaceutical manufacturers cannot receive regulatory approval or marketing authorization for developing a pharmaceutical product that is still protected by a patent. The evergreening phenomenon is achieved through Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) which require participating nations to incorporate linkage and other intellectual property provisions in their national patent systems in exchange for preferential trade terms. These agreements generally provide for stronger provisions than the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and are thus referred to as “TRIPS Plus". Not surprisingly, these “TRIPS Plus” FTAs are negotiated outside the purview of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This thesis examines the role, legality and impact of bilateral free trade agreements which include wide ranging provisions that allow the proliferation of linkage evergreening and thereby frustrate and delay generic medicines’ market entry, prolong and expand patent protections and constrain the exercise of TRIPS flexibilities intended to support access and promote public health. The free trade agreements discussed include the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the US - Australia Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) and the US - Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUSFTA). This study also examines the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) in the context of access to medicines and linkage evergreening in developing countries and LDCs in Africa, with a focus on the recently concluded EU – SADC EPA and the EU-EAC EPA still under negotiation. Relevant legislation, policy documents and case law from South Africa, India, the EAC and ARIPO are also explored in this study to gauge their potential to effectively address the challenges of access to medicines and evergreening. This thesis offers a solution to evergreening through the recommendation of guidelines which show law and policy makers how to curtail linkage evergreening. More specifically, it is hoped that the said guidelines as well as the discussion and analyses presented in this thesis will assist in the development of national and regional intellectual property policies, amendment of national and regional legislative instruments as well as the negotiation of regional trade agreements aimed at securing the interests of LDCs and developing countries. It is further hoped that the recommendations made will contribute to ongoing efforts to improve access to affordable medicines in the developing world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Ideas of poetic form: aspects of the Romantic-Symbolist tradition
- Authors: Oldert, David
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54554 , vital:26587
- Description: The subject of the work is some of the formal and technical developments of modern poetry in the Romantic-Symbolist tradition. These developments were stimulated partly by the ideas of the non-intellectual Symbol inherited from the Romantics and the idea that poetry could be a musical medium inherited from some of the French Symbolists. Their combined influence led to a number of technical problems in the structuring of imagery and the handling of syntax. The work begins, therefore, by tracing the philosophical assumptions behind the ideas of the Symbol and of the musical analogy. I then go on to examine two of the difficulties that these ideas produced. One is the tension between the analogical structure of a poem’s imagery and its metaphorical texture: quite simply, the more compressed and complex a poet’s metaphors become, the more they tend to disrupt the poem’s structure of imagery. The other problem is obscurity, which is caused by insufficient objectification of private images in a symbolic structure, and by fused metaphor, which is essentially a metaphor with an obscured ground of resemblance. Finally, I show how these difficulties were solved by poets outside the tradition who used a more articulate kind of syntax, yet who also managed to combine that syntax with the ideal of symbolic form. The implicit argument, then, is that the Romantic-Symbolist ideas of form, and the New Critics’ theories of form which were largely based on them, are able to elucidate an essentially different kind of poetry, and thus have some degree of truth and use beyond the tradition that generated them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Oldert, David
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54554 , vital:26587
- Description: The subject of the work is some of the formal and technical developments of modern poetry in the Romantic-Symbolist tradition. These developments were stimulated partly by the ideas of the non-intellectual Symbol inherited from the Romantics and the idea that poetry could be a musical medium inherited from some of the French Symbolists. Their combined influence led to a number of technical problems in the structuring of imagery and the handling of syntax. The work begins, therefore, by tracing the philosophical assumptions behind the ideas of the Symbol and of the musical analogy. I then go on to examine two of the difficulties that these ideas produced. One is the tension between the analogical structure of a poem’s imagery and its metaphorical texture: quite simply, the more compressed and complex a poet’s metaphors become, the more they tend to disrupt the poem’s structure of imagery. The other problem is obscurity, which is caused by insufficient objectification of private images in a symbolic structure, and by fused metaphor, which is essentially a metaphor with an obscured ground of resemblance. Finally, I show how these difficulties were solved by poets outside the tradition who used a more articulate kind of syntax, yet who also managed to combine that syntax with the ideal of symbolic form. The implicit argument, then, is that the Romantic-Symbolist ideas of form, and the New Critics’ theories of form which were largely based on them, are able to elucidate an essentially different kind of poetry, and thus have some degree of truth and use beyond the tradition that generated them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Community care workers in TB care: identifying and meeting their information needs
- Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4211 , vital:20633
- Description: According to the 2015 World Health Organisation global tuberculosis report, South Africa had 155,473 new TB cases in the last year, 61% of whom were HIV-positive. The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in South Africa has resulted in the increasing use of community care workers (CCWs) for the management and supervision of TB patients on treatment. CCWs are increasingly being deployed to address the shortages of healthcare workers. CCWs supervising TB patients often act as information providers, advising and counselling patients on general care and medication use. Their effectiveness depends on appropriate knowledge, adequate training and access to good quality information about TB and TB medicines. The hypothesis for this study was that user-friendly, simple, illustrated information can enhance TB knowledge of CCWs, as well as serve as a practice tool in facilitating their counselling and education of patients. A conceptual framework was used to guide the development of an intervention to test this hypothesis through the following objectives: exploring the roles and TB information needs of CCWs working with TB patients; evaluating baseline TB knowledge and health literacy levels of CCWs; developing simple, illustrated information materials to address CCW TB information needs; and assessing the influence of the information materials on TB knowledge and practice of CCWs. Six CCWs from Grahamstown Hospice and 25 CCWs from six primary healthcare clinics in Grahamstown participated in the study, which was conducted in three main phases. Phase 1 began with focus group discussions and individual semi-structured interviews with 14 CCWs to explore their perceptions regarding their roles in TB care and their information needs. This was followed by individual interviews with all 31 CCWs using a structured questionnaire to collect quantitative data on health literacy and establish baseline TB knowledge. For Phase 2, the design of an A5 booklet was informed by the findings from Phase 1 and contained information about TB and TB medication. Pictograms were designed using a rigorous, iterative design process and were included in the booklet which was translated into isiXhosa and Afrikaans. The booklets were individually distributed to CCWs during an information session in which the topics in the booklet were discussed. Three months after completion of Phase 2, individual follow-up interviews were conducted with all CCWs to measure post-intervention TB knowledge. Focus group discussions or semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 of the CCWs to explore the role and impact of the information materials on everyday CCW practice. Qualitative data were transcribed and analysed thematically by developing codes and identifying themes. Quantitative results were analysed using the t-test, Pearson Chi-square and a Z-test of proportions at a 0.05 level of significance. The conceptual framework provided a useful lens through which to view, and reflect on, the interaction between the elements of the healthcare system in relation to the results obtained. CCWs associated their roles in TB control with helping patients and having an impact in patients’ lives which they perceived as being meaningful. The good relationships with patients noted by study CCWs, as well as the appreciation they received from patients, contributed to their confidence and belief that they were well positioned and able to positively influence health outcomes. This study found that CCWs in the healthcare system were disadvantaged by the lack of support and supervision, deficiencies in training and lack of information materials, all of which reflect a negative interaction between CCWs with the healthcare system. Use of the booklet resulted in an improvement in CCW knowledge about the disease, TB medication, MDR and XDR-TB and HIV/AIDS and TB co-infection. The mean knowledge score significantly increased from 76.1% at baseline to 85.4% at follow up showing that the use of the booklet had a positive impact on TB knowledge. Poor knowledge areas were identified as being related to TB medication-related knowledge and drug-resistant TB, highlighting the need for additional intervention to improve knowledge in these areas. The health literacy level of CCWs, which was assessed using the modified Newest Vital Signs– South Africa test, showed that the majority of CCWs had only marginal health literacy, indicating the need for wider assessment of health literacy within CCWs, and the need to tailor training and information materials to cater for their health literacy levels. The pictorial-based, simple booklet tailored for CCWs was also found to enhance confidence in decision making, and reduce their uncertainty when confronted with difficult care scenarios. CCWs were enthusiastic about the inclusion of pictograms which were reported to enhance recall of TB information and understanding of text. The booklet also served as a patient educational tool, where it reportedly improved communication and had a positive effect on the CCW-patient interpersonal relationship. The simplicity of the booklet and the inclusion of pictograms resulted in a user-friendly appealing information source for patients. Factors contributing to the success of the booklet can be attributed to paying attention to CCW information needs, involving CCWs in the design process, translating the booklet into local dialect, ensuring simplicity of the text and including pictograms that had undergone a rigorous design process. This study was the first to design TB information materials targeted specifically for CCWs that were also suitable as patient education materials. The study demonstrated that these information materials can have a positive outcome on CCW roles in TB care by improving their knowledge and facilitating patient communication and education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4211 , vital:20633
- Description: According to the 2015 World Health Organisation global tuberculosis report, South Africa had 155,473 new TB cases in the last year, 61% of whom were HIV-positive. The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in South Africa has resulted in the increasing use of community care workers (CCWs) for the management and supervision of TB patients on treatment. CCWs are increasingly being deployed to address the shortages of healthcare workers. CCWs supervising TB patients often act as information providers, advising and counselling patients on general care and medication use. Their effectiveness depends on appropriate knowledge, adequate training and access to good quality information about TB and TB medicines. The hypothesis for this study was that user-friendly, simple, illustrated information can enhance TB knowledge of CCWs, as well as serve as a practice tool in facilitating their counselling and education of patients. A conceptual framework was used to guide the development of an intervention to test this hypothesis through the following objectives: exploring the roles and TB information needs of CCWs working with TB patients; evaluating baseline TB knowledge and health literacy levels of CCWs; developing simple, illustrated information materials to address CCW TB information needs; and assessing the influence of the information materials on TB knowledge and practice of CCWs. Six CCWs from Grahamstown Hospice and 25 CCWs from six primary healthcare clinics in Grahamstown participated in the study, which was conducted in three main phases. Phase 1 began with focus group discussions and individual semi-structured interviews with 14 CCWs to explore their perceptions regarding their roles in TB care and their information needs. This was followed by individual interviews with all 31 CCWs using a structured questionnaire to collect quantitative data on health literacy and establish baseline TB knowledge. For Phase 2, the design of an A5 booklet was informed by the findings from Phase 1 and contained information about TB and TB medication. Pictograms were designed using a rigorous, iterative design process and were included in the booklet which was translated into isiXhosa and Afrikaans. The booklets were individually distributed to CCWs during an information session in which the topics in the booklet were discussed. Three months after completion of Phase 2, individual follow-up interviews were conducted with all CCWs to measure post-intervention TB knowledge. Focus group discussions or semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 of the CCWs to explore the role and impact of the information materials on everyday CCW practice. Qualitative data were transcribed and analysed thematically by developing codes and identifying themes. Quantitative results were analysed using the t-test, Pearson Chi-square and a Z-test of proportions at a 0.05 level of significance. The conceptual framework provided a useful lens through which to view, and reflect on, the interaction between the elements of the healthcare system in relation to the results obtained. CCWs associated their roles in TB control with helping patients and having an impact in patients’ lives which they perceived as being meaningful. The good relationships with patients noted by study CCWs, as well as the appreciation they received from patients, contributed to their confidence and belief that they were well positioned and able to positively influence health outcomes. This study found that CCWs in the healthcare system were disadvantaged by the lack of support and supervision, deficiencies in training and lack of information materials, all of which reflect a negative interaction between CCWs with the healthcare system. Use of the booklet resulted in an improvement in CCW knowledge about the disease, TB medication, MDR and XDR-TB and HIV/AIDS and TB co-infection. The mean knowledge score significantly increased from 76.1% at baseline to 85.4% at follow up showing that the use of the booklet had a positive impact on TB knowledge. Poor knowledge areas were identified as being related to TB medication-related knowledge and drug-resistant TB, highlighting the need for additional intervention to improve knowledge in these areas. The health literacy level of CCWs, which was assessed using the modified Newest Vital Signs– South Africa test, showed that the majority of CCWs had only marginal health literacy, indicating the need for wider assessment of health literacy within CCWs, and the need to tailor training and information materials to cater for their health literacy levels. The pictorial-based, simple booklet tailored for CCWs was also found to enhance confidence in decision making, and reduce their uncertainty when confronted with difficult care scenarios. CCWs were enthusiastic about the inclusion of pictograms which were reported to enhance recall of TB information and understanding of text. The booklet also served as a patient educational tool, where it reportedly improved communication and had a positive effect on the CCW-patient interpersonal relationship. The simplicity of the booklet and the inclusion of pictograms resulted in a user-friendly appealing information source for patients. Factors contributing to the success of the booklet can be attributed to paying attention to CCW information needs, involving CCWs in the design process, translating the booklet into local dialect, ensuring simplicity of the text and including pictograms that had undergone a rigorous design process. This study was the first to design TB information materials targeted specifically for CCWs that were also suitable as patient education materials. The study demonstrated that these information materials can have a positive outcome on CCW roles in TB care by improving their knowledge and facilitating patient communication and education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A cross-cultural exploration of the International Affective Picture System in a sample of South African university students
- Authors: Oettlé, Ryan Andrew
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Emotions -- Cross-cultural studies Emotive (Linguistics)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13087 , vital:27151
- Description: The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was developed in an attempt to provide a standardised tool to elicit and measure emotions for research purposes. The IAPS is unique, in that it is completely pictorially based. An emotional response is stimulated by the pictures, which are then used to measure the emotional response. This has obvious benefits in South Africa. The overall aim of this study was to conduct a cross-cultural exploration of the IAPS, with a sample of South African university students, in order to come to an initial understanding of the measure’s performance within the South African context. A quantitative methodology was used, in order to reach the research aim and objectives. The overall research approach was exploratory and descriptive in nature and the actual data gathering consisted of a single measurement instance. The procedure for this study was based on that used by the developers of the IAPS to norm the instrument. Convenience sampling was used, resulting in a total sample of 169 participants, 31 male, and 136 female. For analysis purposes, participants were grouped according to a race and language combination, thus operationalising ethnicity. This resulted in four primary ethnic groupings. In summary, it was found that a large number of items seem to travel well in terms of equivalence. The correlations achieved and affective space plot are consistent with that outlined in the IAPS instruction manual, and are similar to international studies using the same procedure. However, when items were examined in greater detail, statistically significant differences raised concerns about the level of equivalence and suggested that not all items travel equally well. Similarly, although many items were statistically similar between the South African ethnic groups, differences were also found on specific items.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Oettlé, Ryan Andrew
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Emotions -- Cross-cultural studies Emotive (Linguistics)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13087 , vital:27151
- Description: The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was developed in an attempt to provide a standardised tool to elicit and measure emotions for research purposes. The IAPS is unique, in that it is completely pictorially based. An emotional response is stimulated by the pictures, which are then used to measure the emotional response. This has obvious benefits in South Africa. The overall aim of this study was to conduct a cross-cultural exploration of the IAPS, with a sample of South African university students, in order to come to an initial understanding of the measure’s performance within the South African context. A quantitative methodology was used, in order to reach the research aim and objectives. The overall research approach was exploratory and descriptive in nature and the actual data gathering consisted of a single measurement instance. The procedure for this study was based on that used by the developers of the IAPS to norm the instrument. Convenience sampling was used, resulting in a total sample of 169 participants, 31 male, and 136 female. For analysis purposes, participants were grouped according to a race and language combination, thus operationalising ethnicity. This resulted in four primary ethnic groupings. In summary, it was found that a large number of items seem to travel well in terms of equivalence. The correlations achieved and affective space plot are consistent with that outlined in the IAPS instruction manual, and are similar to international studies using the same procedure. However, when items were examined in greater detail, statistically significant differences raised concerns about the level of equivalence and suggested that not all items travel equally well. Similarly, although many items were statistically similar between the South African ethnic groups, differences were also found on specific items.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Measuring changes in residential segregation in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, from 1996-2011
- Authors: Odayar, Luveshni
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3641 , vital:20532
- Description: Racial segregation and inequality were the prime objectives of the colonial and apartheid spatial planning policies that governed the spatial development of the South African urban landscape. Since South Africa’s democratic transition after 1994, efforts have been made by government to facilitate racial integration and transform the apartheid urban fabric. Research into post-apartheid segregation is crucial to assess the success of governmental actions enacted thus far, while informing future spatial planning strategies. Most studies of these processes have relied solely on dichotomous indices to measure the extent of segregation between two groups. Few have utilized multi-group indices, which are more suited to investigating changes in multi-ethnic cases. Furthermore, the segregation indices used are typically aspatial. This study investigates the extent to which the segregationist legacy prevails in Port Elizabeth, a place widely considered to be the founding city of urban racial segregation. It also aims to investigate the impact of geographical scale on segregation. Theil’s multi-group Entropy Index and Duncan and Duncan’s Dissimilarity Index were derived from racial population data from the 1996, 2001 and 2011 National Censuses, and GIS was used to map changes in racial diversity both at tract level and across a range of geographical scales. To generate a more holistic understanding of the observed trends, statistical tests were performed to relate the observed patterns to socio-economic determinants, and feedback from the relevant government department was obtained. The results from the entropy indices reveal that segregation levels in Port Elizabeth have declined but still remain high: 84.6 % (1996), 79.2 % (2001) to 71.5 % (2011). This is a similar trend to those found in Cape Town and Johannesburg. The integration that did occur was characterized by one-way patterns of movement into former-White areas; this was predominantly confined to the Indian population, and to a lesser extent, the Coloured population. The vast majority of the African population remains confined to their former designated location areas. The White population remains the most segregated group, despite most of the racial integration occurring in former-White areas. Interview results and statistical tests revealed that persisting racial discrepancies in socio-economic factors (income, employment and education) can be considered major drivers influencing the observed trends in racial integration and persisting desegregation, as well as self-segregation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Odayar, Luveshni
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3641 , vital:20532
- Description: Racial segregation and inequality were the prime objectives of the colonial and apartheid spatial planning policies that governed the spatial development of the South African urban landscape. Since South Africa’s democratic transition after 1994, efforts have been made by government to facilitate racial integration and transform the apartheid urban fabric. Research into post-apartheid segregation is crucial to assess the success of governmental actions enacted thus far, while informing future spatial planning strategies. Most studies of these processes have relied solely on dichotomous indices to measure the extent of segregation between two groups. Few have utilized multi-group indices, which are more suited to investigating changes in multi-ethnic cases. Furthermore, the segregation indices used are typically aspatial. This study investigates the extent to which the segregationist legacy prevails in Port Elizabeth, a place widely considered to be the founding city of urban racial segregation. It also aims to investigate the impact of geographical scale on segregation. Theil’s multi-group Entropy Index and Duncan and Duncan’s Dissimilarity Index were derived from racial population data from the 1996, 2001 and 2011 National Censuses, and GIS was used to map changes in racial diversity both at tract level and across a range of geographical scales. To generate a more holistic understanding of the observed trends, statistical tests were performed to relate the observed patterns to socio-economic determinants, and feedback from the relevant government department was obtained. The results from the entropy indices reveal that segregation levels in Port Elizabeth have declined but still remain high: 84.6 % (1996), 79.2 % (2001) to 71.5 % (2011). This is a similar trend to those found in Cape Town and Johannesburg. The integration that did occur was characterized by one-way patterns of movement into former-White areas; this was predominantly confined to the Indian population, and to a lesser extent, the Coloured population. The vast majority of the African population remains confined to their former designated location areas. The White population remains the most segregated group, despite most of the racial integration occurring in former-White areas. Interview results and statistical tests revealed that persisting racial discrepancies in socio-economic factors (income, employment and education) can be considered major drivers influencing the observed trends in racial integration and persisting desegregation, as well as self-segregation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Using data analysis and Information visualization techniques to support the effective analysis of large financial data sets
- Authors: Nyumbeka, Dumisani Joshua
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Information visualization Finance -- Mathematical models , Database management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12983 , vital:27141
- Description: There have been a number of technological advances in the last ten years, which has resulted in the amount of data generated in organisations increasing by more than 200% during this period. This rapid increase in data means that if financial institutions are to derive significant value from this data, they need to identify new ways to analyse this data effectively. Due to the considerable size of the data, financial institutions also need to consider how to effectively visualise the data. Traditional tools such as relational database management systems have problems processing large amounts of data due to memory constraints, latency issues and the presence of both structured and unstructured data The aim of this research was to use data analysis and information visualisation techniques (IV) to support the effective analysis of large financial data sets. In order to visually analyse the data effectively, the underlying data model must produce results that are reliable. A large financial data set was identified, and used to demonstrate that IV techniques can be used to support the effective analysis of large financial data sets. A review of the literature on large financial data sets, visual analytics, existing data management and data visualisation tools identified the shortcomings of existing tools. This resulted in the determination of the requirements for the data management tool, and the IV tool. The data management tool identified was a data warehouse and the IV toolkit identified was Tableau. The IV techniques identified included the Overview, Dashboards and Colour Blending. The IV tool was implemented and published online and can be accessed through a web browser interface. The data warehouse and the IV tool were evaluated to determine their accuracy and effectiveness in supporting the effective analysis of the large financial data set. The experiment used to evaluate the data warehouse yielded positive results, showing that only about 4% of the records had incorrect data. The results of the user study were positive and no major usability issues were identified. The participants found the IV techniques effective for analysing the large financial data set.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Nyumbeka, Dumisani Joshua
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Information visualization Finance -- Mathematical models , Database management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12983 , vital:27141
- Description: There have been a number of technological advances in the last ten years, which has resulted in the amount of data generated in organisations increasing by more than 200% during this period. This rapid increase in data means that if financial institutions are to derive significant value from this data, they need to identify new ways to analyse this data effectively. Due to the considerable size of the data, financial institutions also need to consider how to effectively visualise the data. Traditional tools such as relational database management systems have problems processing large amounts of data due to memory constraints, latency issues and the presence of both structured and unstructured data The aim of this research was to use data analysis and information visualisation techniques (IV) to support the effective analysis of large financial data sets. In order to visually analyse the data effectively, the underlying data model must produce results that are reliable. A large financial data set was identified, and used to demonstrate that IV techniques can be used to support the effective analysis of large financial data sets. A review of the literature on large financial data sets, visual analytics, existing data management and data visualisation tools identified the shortcomings of existing tools. This resulted in the determination of the requirements for the data management tool, and the IV tool. The data management tool identified was a data warehouse and the IV toolkit identified was Tableau. The IV techniques identified included the Overview, Dashboards and Colour Blending. The IV tool was implemented and published online and can be accessed through a web browser interface. The data warehouse and the IV tool were evaluated to determine their accuracy and effectiveness in supporting the effective analysis of the large financial data set. The experiment used to evaluate the data warehouse yielded positive results, showing that only about 4% of the records had incorrect data. The results of the user study were positive and no major usability issues were identified. The participants found the IV techniques effective for analysing the large financial data set.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Leopard population density and community attitudes towards leopards in and around Debshan Ranch, Shangani, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Nyoni, Phumuzile
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5946 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020838
- Description: Leopards (Panthera pardus) are regarded as one of the most resilient large carnivore species in the world and can persist in human dominated landscapes, areas with low prey availability nd highly fragmented habitats. However, recent evidence across much of their range reveals declining populations. In Zimbabwe, 500 Convention for the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) export tags are available annually for leopards as hunting trophies, despite limited accurate data on the leopard populations of the country. Moreover, when coupled with the massive land conversions under the controversial National Land Reform Programme (NLRP), leopard populations in Zimbabwe are in dire need of assessment. My study was conducted on Debshan ranch, Shangani, Zimbabwe, which is a commercial cattle (Bos indicus) ranch but also supports a high diversity of indigenous wildlife including an apparently healthy leopard population. However, the NLRP has resulted in an increase in small-holder subsistence farming communities around the ranch (the land was previously privately owned and divided into larger sub-units). This change in land-use means that both human and livestock densities have increased and the potential for human leopard conflict has increased. I estimated the leopard population density of the ranch and assessed community attitudes towards leopards in the communities surrounding the ranch. To estimate population densities, I performed spoor counts and conducted a camera trapping survey. Questionnaire interviews were used to assess community attitudes. My spoor counts provided a leopard density estimate of 13.57 leopards/100km2 compared to the camera trapping estimate of between 2.0 and 6.9 leopards/100km2. Although the high density estimate derived from the spoor counts is possible for Debshan because leopards are the apex predators and are adequately protected, potential edge effects are not yet fully understood. Thus, the more conservative estimate of 2.0 leopards/100km2, derived from the camera trapping survey, is probably more appropriate. Attitudes towards predators amongst respondents surrounding Debshan (n = 140) were neither too negative nor positive, attitude index had a mean score of 1.7 ± 3.8 (range: -7 – 10). No single predictor variable used in my analysis was able to adequately explain why the communities held these negative views. However, livestock losses were repeatedly listed by respondents as being one of the main reasons for their lack of tolerance towards predators. The density estimate of 2.0 leopards/100km2 translates to a population of 9 – 26 leopards within Debshan ranch. This density estimate is too low considering the habitat type at Debshan ranch but should be interpreted with caution as it lacks fundamental elements like age and sex ratio. Moreover, the interaction of the leopard population with the surrounding communities is currently unclear. As a precautionary measure, I recommended reducing the annual hunting quota for Debshan from five to one leopard. Future work should aim to improve the attitudes of the surrounding communities to secure broader landscapes for leopard conservation while also reconciling density estimates to fully understand the leopard population of the region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Nyoni, Phumuzile
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5946 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020838
- Description: Leopards (Panthera pardus) are regarded as one of the most resilient large carnivore species in the world and can persist in human dominated landscapes, areas with low prey availability nd highly fragmented habitats. However, recent evidence across much of their range reveals declining populations. In Zimbabwe, 500 Convention for the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) export tags are available annually for leopards as hunting trophies, despite limited accurate data on the leopard populations of the country. Moreover, when coupled with the massive land conversions under the controversial National Land Reform Programme (NLRP), leopard populations in Zimbabwe are in dire need of assessment. My study was conducted on Debshan ranch, Shangani, Zimbabwe, which is a commercial cattle (Bos indicus) ranch but also supports a high diversity of indigenous wildlife including an apparently healthy leopard population. However, the NLRP has resulted in an increase in small-holder subsistence farming communities around the ranch (the land was previously privately owned and divided into larger sub-units). This change in land-use means that both human and livestock densities have increased and the potential for human leopard conflict has increased. I estimated the leopard population density of the ranch and assessed community attitudes towards leopards in the communities surrounding the ranch. To estimate population densities, I performed spoor counts and conducted a camera trapping survey. Questionnaire interviews were used to assess community attitudes. My spoor counts provided a leopard density estimate of 13.57 leopards/100km2 compared to the camera trapping estimate of between 2.0 and 6.9 leopards/100km2. Although the high density estimate derived from the spoor counts is possible for Debshan because leopards are the apex predators and are adequately protected, potential edge effects are not yet fully understood. Thus, the more conservative estimate of 2.0 leopards/100km2, derived from the camera trapping survey, is probably more appropriate. Attitudes towards predators amongst respondents surrounding Debshan (n = 140) were neither too negative nor positive, attitude index had a mean score of 1.7 ± 3.8 (range: -7 – 10). No single predictor variable used in my analysis was able to adequately explain why the communities held these negative views. However, livestock losses were repeatedly listed by respondents as being one of the main reasons for their lack of tolerance towards predators. The density estimate of 2.0 leopards/100km2 translates to a population of 9 – 26 leopards within Debshan ranch. This density estimate is too low considering the habitat type at Debshan ranch but should be interpreted with caution as it lacks fundamental elements like age and sex ratio. Moreover, the interaction of the leopard population with the surrounding communities is currently unclear. As a precautionary measure, I recommended reducing the annual hunting quota for Debshan from five to one leopard. Future work should aim to improve the attitudes of the surrounding communities to secure broader landscapes for leopard conservation while also reconciling density estimates to fully understand the leopard population of the region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Ndiyoyika
- Authors: Nyezwa, Mxolisi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English , Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:6021 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021245
- Description: This thesis collection is a book of isiXhosa poems in three sections: - Poems derived and influenced by the rhythmic structure and the lyrics of Maskandi music - More introspective and personal poems derived from other influences: International poetry, South African poetry, and certain jazz and soul music - A major poem titled, “Nozala, umqolo wakho uphandle” which delves into the state of South Africa and explores the relationships that entrench poverty and powerlessness in post-apartheid South Africa. , Le thisisi yingqokelela yemibongo yesiXhosa eyohlulwe yazizigaba ezintathu: - Imibongo ephenjelelwe ziingoma nezingqi zomculo kaMaskandi - Imibongo ephenjelelwe zizimvo neemvakalelo zam njengombhali, ngakumbi iintshukumo zomzimba nezomphefumlo ezithundezwe ziimbongi zamazwe omhlaba, ezoMzantsi Afrika, kunye nemiculo efana ne-jazz, ne-soul - Umbongo ombaxa osihloko sithi, “Nozala, umqolo wakho uphandle” othetha ngelizwe lethu iMzantsi Afrika, uqwalasela indlela ekuphethwe ngayo ilizwe ziziphathamandla, nendlela abasemagunyeni abaphembelela ngayo intswela-ngqesho nentlupheko eluntwini, kwanokufiphala kobutsha-ntliziyo nobuthanda-zwe kubemi beli lizwe.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Nyezwa, Mxolisi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English , Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:6021 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021245
- Description: This thesis collection is a book of isiXhosa poems in three sections: - Poems derived and influenced by the rhythmic structure and the lyrics of Maskandi music - More introspective and personal poems derived from other influences: International poetry, South African poetry, and certain jazz and soul music - A major poem titled, “Nozala, umqolo wakho uphandle” which delves into the state of South Africa and explores the relationships that entrench poverty and powerlessness in post-apartheid South Africa. , Le thisisi yingqokelela yemibongo yesiXhosa eyohlulwe yazizigaba ezintathu: - Imibongo ephenjelelwe ziingoma nezingqi zomculo kaMaskandi - Imibongo ephenjelelwe zizimvo neemvakalelo zam njengombhali, ngakumbi iintshukumo zomzimba nezomphefumlo ezithundezwe ziimbongi zamazwe omhlaba, ezoMzantsi Afrika, kunye nemiculo efana ne-jazz, ne-soul - Umbongo ombaxa osihloko sithi, “Nozala, umqolo wakho uphandle” othetha ngelizwe lethu iMzantsi Afrika, uqwalasela indlela ekuphethwe ngayo ilizwe ziziphathamandla, nendlela abasemagunyeni abaphembelela ngayo intswela-ngqesho nentlupheko eluntwini, kwanokufiphala kobutsha-ntliziyo nobuthanda-zwe kubemi beli lizwe.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An analysis of the implementation of the Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Nyathi, Trezah
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Economic development -- Zimbabwe Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions Zimbabwe -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2900 , vital:28123
- Description: The anchor of this research was to analyze the implementation process of Zimbabwe’s IEEP. Implementation of policy has been the Achilles heel of most African countries it has been proven that it is a disease of the continents. In this research the focus is on analyzing what happened between the tabled idea and the implemented policy, this is because the implemented policy had a tremendous contradictory impact to the world as it disempowered the investors in an attempt to economically empower its citizens. The tabled idea was great it had its own flows because it lacked clarity in some of its definition and the goals, objectives and how the policy were to be implemented are not clear there is basically lack of clarity pertaining to the policy. This study made use of two theories the Top- down approach and the politics and administration dichotomy, these two theories are in favour of an autocratic way of policy implementation which follows a chain of command. These two theories highlighted that administrators are being covered be politicians and that administration as a practice and discipline are dead. This has lead to policies being made implemented first before they are formulated because there are no administrators. This study reviewed that the implementation process of the IEEP is not clear or rather it does not exist; there is little or no transparency on the events that took place between the tabled idea and the implemented policy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Nyathi, Trezah
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Economic development -- Zimbabwe Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions Zimbabwe -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2900 , vital:28123
- Description: The anchor of this research was to analyze the implementation process of Zimbabwe’s IEEP. Implementation of policy has been the Achilles heel of most African countries it has been proven that it is a disease of the continents. In this research the focus is on analyzing what happened between the tabled idea and the implemented policy, this is because the implemented policy had a tremendous contradictory impact to the world as it disempowered the investors in an attempt to economically empower its citizens. The tabled idea was great it had its own flows because it lacked clarity in some of its definition and the goals, objectives and how the policy were to be implemented are not clear there is basically lack of clarity pertaining to the policy. This study made use of two theories the Top- down approach and the politics and administration dichotomy, these two theories are in favour of an autocratic way of policy implementation which follows a chain of command. These two theories highlighted that administrators are being covered be politicians and that administration as a practice and discipline are dead. This has lead to policies being made implemented first before they are formulated because there are no administrators. This study reviewed that the implementation process of the IEEP is not clear or rather it does not exist; there is little or no transparency on the events that took place between the tabled idea and the implemented policy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A framework for event marketing for Nelson Mandela Bay
- Nyamutsambira, Kudakwashe Don
- Authors: Nyamutsambira, Kudakwashe Don
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Special events -- South Africa -- Marketing , Special events -- South Africa -- Planning Special events -- South Africa -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13647 , vital:27260
- Description: Recent times have seen the increased proliferation of the concept of applying events in promoting destinations. This can be attributed to the effectiveness of events in solidifying the image and attractiveness of destinations. Currently, South Africa ranks as the twenty second most popular location for hosting events and has a foothold of 2.5% of the global event market share. The global pervasion of events has changed the dynamics that surround how destinations are promoted and has also significantly impacted the tourism industry and the respective tourist patterns of consumption. Literature suggests that events are gradually moving from previously being viewed as a complementary leisure activity towards becoming a primary source of attraction for destinations. Literature also confirms the extensive inclination of cities in the use of events for branding destinations. The primary problem that this study investigates is the lack of substantial knowhow with respect to how events can be presented in order to augment and enhance the attractiveness of Nelson Mandela Bay. There is no substantial blueprint that is capable of informing from the perspective of event marketers, how best they can drive a successful event marketing imperative that the local and external consumers can appreciate. Additionally, Nelson Mandela Bay has over the recent years encountered a significant amount of losses stemming from the events realm of its tourist offering. The most recent and calamitous of its losses to date has been estimated at R200 million, which escaped the coffers of the local economy as a result of the internationally applauded IRB World Sevens event moving from the metropolis to Cape Town. This has caused disconcerted and agitated sentiments across business and tourism leadership locally. Since 2011, the IRB World Sevens Series cultivated over R1 Billion towards the local economy. Losses in terms of showcasing the city to a global audience on highly established and followed media platforms are also expected. In addition, given the lack of knowledge with respect to event marketing dynamics, the “Twelve Events in Twelve Months”, an initiative that will see different event themes being launched within the twelve calendar months of the year in Nelson Mandela Bay, runs a high risk of failing to take off upon its launch because local residents and potential tourists, both national and international will lack the knowledge sufficient to stimulate their acceptance and attraction to this concept. This study aims to investigate the concepts, notions and critical success factors that event marketers can apply in order to increase the success of the event marketing imperative in Nelson Mandela Bay. The success of event marketing is expected to increase the attractiveness of Nelson Mandela Bay and brand it as a viable destination to prospective stakeholders. To evaluate the conceptual framework that was suggested by this study based on the literature review, an empirical evaluation was performed amongst the residents of Nelson Mandela Bay through the application of a questionnaire that was electronically and physically distributed. This questionnaire received 3 659 responses and measured respondents’ access and usage of media facilities. It also measured the perceptions of the current state of events in Nelson Mandela Bay. Furthermore, the questionnaire evaluated the destination image of Nelson Mandela Bay. Moreover, hypotheses were tested to evaluate the assumptions that the manner in which events are packaged, placed, positioned and promoted will enhance the attractiveness of Nelson Mandela Bay as a destination. The findings of this study suggest that the strategic bundling, placing, promoting and positioning of events is critical towards advancing an event marketing imperative and sustaining it in the long term. Additionally, the study also indicates that the successful development of a comprehensive event marketing initiative will enhance the attractiveness of Nelson Mandela Bay as a destination. The study thus concludes that event marketers can apply the proposed event marketing framework as a blueprint for informing their strategic development of event concepts in order to enhance their potential for success. The successful establishment of event offerings will consequently amplify the destination attractiveness of Nelson Mandela Bay. This research’s deliverables are expected to positively influence and reinforce the productivity of the social interactions that encompass Nelson Mandela Bay. Essentially, a framework that credibly guides the event marketer’s thinking in developing event concepts for the city is expected to enhance the attractiveness, sustaining and success of events therein. The success of events is expected to widen business prospects within the city. Moreover, eminent events are also expected to position Nelson Mandela Bay as a formidable player, and an attractive destination to aspiring investors, decision makers and visitors. This is expected to widen the resource base of the local players within the city, and motivate for more collaboration amongst them in a quest of deriving mutual gain from the city’s progression. In view of these notions, this study can be grounded in the social capital theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Nyamutsambira, Kudakwashe Don
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Special events -- South Africa -- Marketing , Special events -- South Africa -- Planning Special events -- South Africa -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13647 , vital:27260
- Description: Recent times have seen the increased proliferation of the concept of applying events in promoting destinations. This can be attributed to the effectiveness of events in solidifying the image and attractiveness of destinations. Currently, South Africa ranks as the twenty second most popular location for hosting events and has a foothold of 2.5% of the global event market share. The global pervasion of events has changed the dynamics that surround how destinations are promoted and has also significantly impacted the tourism industry and the respective tourist patterns of consumption. Literature suggests that events are gradually moving from previously being viewed as a complementary leisure activity towards becoming a primary source of attraction for destinations. Literature also confirms the extensive inclination of cities in the use of events for branding destinations. The primary problem that this study investigates is the lack of substantial knowhow with respect to how events can be presented in order to augment and enhance the attractiveness of Nelson Mandela Bay. There is no substantial blueprint that is capable of informing from the perspective of event marketers, how best they can drive a successful event marketing imperative that the local and external consumers can appreciate. Additionally, Nelson Mandela Bay has over the recent years encountered a significant amount of losses stemming from the events realm of its tourist offering. The most recent and calamitous of its losses to date has been estimated at R200 million, which escaped the coffers of the local economy as a result of the internationally applauded IRB World Sevens event moving from the metropolis to Cape Town. This has caused disconcerted and agitated sentiments across business and tourism leadership locally. Since 2011, the IRB World Sevens Series cultivated over R1 Billion towards the local economy. Losses in terms of showcasing the city to a global audience on highly established and followed media platforms are also expected. In addition, given the lack of knowledge with respect to event marketing dynamics, the “Twelve Events in Twelve Months”, an initiative that will see different event themes being launched within the twelve calendar months of the year in Nelson Mandela Bay, runs a high risk of failing to take off upon its launch because local residents and potential tourists, both national and international will lack the knowledge sufficient to stimulate their acceptance and attraction to this concept. This study aims to investigate the concepts, notions and critical success factors that event marketers can apply in order to increase the success of the event marketing imperative in Nelson Mandela Bay. The success of event marketing is expected to increase the attractiveness of Nelson Mandela Bay and brand it as a viable destination to prospective stakeholders. To evaluate the conceptual framework that was suggested by this study based on the literature review, an empirical evaluation was performed amongst the residents of Nelson Mandela Bay through the application of a questionnaire that was electronically and physically distributed. This questionnaire received 3 659 responses and measured respondents’ access and usage of media facilities. It also measured the perceptions of the current state of events in Nelson Mandela Bay. Furthermore, the questionnaire evaluated the destination image of Nelson Mandela Bay. Moreover, hypotheses were tested to evaluate the assumptions that the manner in which events are packaged, placed, positioned and promoted will enhance the attractiveness of Nelson Mandela Bay as a destination. The findings of this study suggest that the strategic bundling, placing, promoting and positioning of events is critical towards advancing an event marketing imperative and sustaining it in the long term. Additionally, the study also indicates that the successful development of a comprehensive event marketing initiative will enhance the attractiveness of Nelson Mandela Bay as a destination. The study thus concludes that event marketers can apply the proposed event marketing framework as a blueprint for informing their strategic development of event concepts in order to enhance their potential for success. The successful establishment of event offerings will consequently amplify the destination attractiveness of Nelson Mandela Bay. This research’s deliverables are expected to positively influence and reinforce the productivity of the social interactions that encompass Nelson Mandela Bay. Essentially, a framework that credibly guides the event marketer’s thinking in developing event concepts for the city is expected to enhance the attractiveness, sustaining and success of events therein. The success of events is expected to widen business prospects within the city. Moreover, eminent events are also expected to position Nelson Mandela Bay as a formidable player, and an attractive destination to aspiring investors, decision makers and visitors. This is expected to widen the resource base of the local players within the city, and motivate for more collaboration amongst them in a quest of deriving mutual gain from the city’s progression. In view of these notions, this study can be grounded in the social capital theory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A critical analysis of the income tax implication of income from illegal activities in South Africa
- Authors: Nxumalo,Delani
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Tax evasion -- South Africa Money laundering -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12780 , vital:27120
- Description: Moneymaking schemes such as prostitution, drug dealing, fraud, corruption, pyramid schemes and the sale of counterfeit goods have been around for years. The taxing of these transactions/schemes has become a contentious issue. It has recently been reported in the press that SARS has lodged a claim for R183 million in income taxes against the estate of the slain mining magnate, Brett Kebble, in respect of the R2 billion allegedly stolen by him from the mining companies of which he was a director.4 It is further reported that the Master of the High Court has rejected the claim on the grounds that the amounts on which SARS sought to levy tax constituted money stolen by Kebble, and that stolen money is not subject to income tax. It has been reported that SARS is to take the Master’s decision in this regard on review.5 The Kebble case raises an interesting and unresolved tax issue and, in view of the large sum at stake, it may be a case that will go all the way to the Supreme Court of Appeal and bring long-overdue certainty to the law. The Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (the Act) is of no assistance in determining the issue. Section 23(o) states that payments that are illegal in terms of Chapter 2 of the Prevention and Combating of Corrupt Activities Act No. 12 of 2004 or that constitute a fine or penalty for any “unlawful activity carried out in the Republic or in any other country if that activity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Nxumalo,Delani
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Tax evasion -- South Africa Money laundering -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12780 , vital:27120
- Description: Moneymaking schemes such as prostitution, drug dealing, fraud, corruption, pyramid schemes and the sale of counterfeit goods have been around for years. The taxing of these transactions/schemes has become a contentious issue. It has recently been reported in the press that SARS has lodged a claim for R183 million in income taxes against the estate of the slain mining magnate, Brett Kebble, in respect of the R2 billion allegedly stolen by him from the mining companies of which he was a director.4 It is further reported that the Master of the High Court has rejected the claim on the grounds that the amounts on which SARS sought to levy tax constituted money stolen by Kebble, and that stolen money is not subject to income tax. It has been reported that SARS is to take the Master’s decision in this regard on review.5 The Kebble case raises an interesting and unresolved tax issue and, in view of the large sum at stake, it may be a case that will go all the way to the Supreme Court of Appeal and bring long-overdue certainty to the law. The Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (the Act) is of no assistance in determining the issue. Section 23(o) states that payments that are illegal in terms of Chapter 2 of the Prevention and Combating of Corrupt Activities Act No. 12 of 2004 or that constitute a fine or penalty for any “unlawful activity carried out in the Republic or in any other country if that activity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Impact of sectoral determinations in previously unregulated sectors: a case study of domestic work in Grahamstown
- Authors: Nxokweni, Saphokazi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3761 , vital:20542
- Description: Domestic labour is widely recognized as one of the most vulnerable labour sectors, both nationally and internationally. In South Africa, sectoral determination 7 was specifically developed to protect domestic workers’ rights and provide them with the means to negotiate with and hold employers to account. However, research over the past years has demonstrated that, while some areas of domestic labour have improved, many workers are still locked in exploitative labour relationships. This research shows that it may seem as if there are significant changes in this sector since the introduction of the sectoral determination, but paternalistic orientations, one-of-the-family myths, and food distribution suggest otherwise. The research concluded that continuities of exploitative and discriminatory practices are still prominent in the employment relationship when viewed through the lens of paternalistic care, food distribution, and the ‘one-of-the-family’ myth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Nxokweni, Saphokazi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3761 , vital:20542
- Description: Domestic labour is widely recognized as one of the most vulnerable labour sectors, both nationally and internationally. In South Africa, sectoral determination 7 was specifically developed to protect domestic workers’ rights and provide them with the means to negotiate with and hold employers to account. However, research over the past years has demonstrated that, while some areas of domestic labour have improved, many workers are still locked in exploitative labour relationships. This research shows that it may seem as if there are significant changes in this sector since the introduction of the sectoral determination, but paternalistic orientations, one-of-the-family myths, and food distribution suggest otherwise. The research concluded that continuities of exploitative and discriminatory practices are still prominent in the employment relationship when viewed through the lens of paternalistic care, food distribution, and the ‘one-of-the-family’ myth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016