The influence of individual employee performance metrics on a sub-culture in a professional services firm in Durban, South Africa
- Authors: Zvarevashe, Marshall
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Performance -- Evaluation Corporate culture -- South Africa Organizational effectiveness Leadership Management -- South Africa Organizational behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:714 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001868
- Description: In today’s fast paced and global economy, competitive advantage is increasingly focused more on organisational behaviours rather than on the traditional tenets of land, labour and capital. Going beyond the traditional, organisations that are best able to get the most and the best out of their people are the ones most likely to perform better. This study aims to build an understanding of how culture is influenced by individual employee performance metrics that are used in an organisation. Previous research has been done in the broad fields of organisational culture and employee performance metrics separately, but no studies were identified in literature that focused on the interaction of the two concepts specifically. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the following research question: How do individual employee performance metrics influence sub-culture in the context of a professional services firm in Durban? This study predominantly focused not on performance at the organisational level, but rather the more granular level of individual employee performance metrics and sub-culture in one of the divisions of a professional services firm. This qualitative study explores the multiple perspectives of reality of ten of the 32 managers in the Advisory division of a professional services organisation, regarding how individual employee performance metrics influence their world view of work, or the way they perceive, think, feel and interact in the world of work. The focus of the study was limited to one department, in one branch of a multinational organisation and focused only on the horizontal layer of the “manager group” within the staff levels. Semi-structured, in-depth and face-to-face interviews were conducted with these managers as a means of gathering and saturating data. Interviewees were identified using a stratified sampling from the group of managers in the Advisory division. Open coding and constant comparison was used to analyse data. Page ii of viii The results of the study show that managers had very varied and complex perceptions of how the individual performance metrics used to assess their performance influence the sub-culture of their world of work. The key findings manifested that misuse and abuse of performance metrics by leaders, leadership bias in respect to recognition, reward and remunerations, the predominant focus of the division on the bottom line and emphasis on success at all cost, and low employee morale were all aspects of performance that impacted on how employees behaved in the division. The effect of these factors on the managers operating in this division was that there were low levels of employee commitment which were experienced through low morale and reduced productivity; managers felt that there was a restriction in the development of their careers, all of which resulted in a disregard to values of the organisation. This study reflects how the reward and recognition system using the balanced scorecard has shifted the focus of the department away from the organisation’s espoused values. This has resulted in various leadership and management questions for the leadership of the division in this study. This research also adds to existing literature that links performance and culture within the organisational context that it goes beyond the prevalent themes in literature which focus on performance at the organisation level. This study focuses on performance at the employee level and in particular in a professional services firm in South Africa. The study has three interrelated sections which are however considered as standalone. The first section is an evaluation report based on the Advisory division of a professional services firm in Durban, South Africa, and consists of a literature review, the methodology followed in conducting the study, results and the discussion thereof. The report also highlights limitations of the study, recommendations and the perceived value of the study. The report ends with a summary in the form of a conclusion. Section 2 comprises a more comprehensive literature review while Section 3 documents the research methodology followed in the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Zvarevashe, Marshall
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Performance -- Evaluation Corporate culture -- South Africa Organizational effectiveness Leadership Management -- South Africa Organizational behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:714 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001868
- Description: In today’s fast paced and global economy, competitive advantage is increasingly focused more on organisational behaviours rather than on the traditional tenets of land, labour and capital. Going beyond the traditional, organisations that are best able to get the most and the best out of their people are the ones most likely to perform better. This study aims to build an understanding of how culture is influenced by individual employee performance metrics that are used in an organisation. Previous research has been done in the broad fields of organisational culture and employee performance metrics separately, but no studies were identified in literature that focused on the interaction of the two concepts specifically. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the following research question: How do individual employee performance metrics influence sub-culture in the context of a professional services firm in Durban? This study predominantly focused not on performance at the organisational level, but rather the more granular level of individual employee performance metrics and sub-culture in one of the divisions of a professional services firm. This qualitative study explores the multiple perspectives of reality of ten of the 32 managers in the Advisory division of a professional services organisation, regarding how individual employee performance metrics influence their world view of work, or the way they perceive, think, feel and interact in the world of work. The focus of the study was limited to one department, in one branch of a multinational organisation and focused only on the horizontal layer of the “manager group” within the staff levels. Semi-structured, in-depth and face-to-face interviews were conducted with these managers as a means of gathering and saturating data. Interviewees were identified using a stratified sampling from the group of managers in the Advisory division. Open coding and constant comparison was used to analyse data. Page ii of viii The results of the study show that managers had very varied and complex perceptions of how the individual performance metrics used to assess their performance influence the sub-culture of their world of work. The key findings manifested that misuse and abuse of performance metrics by leaders, leadership bias in respect to recognition, reward and remunerations, the predominant focus of the division on the bottom line and emphasis on success at all cost, and low employee morale were all aspects of performance that impacted on how employees behaved in the division. The effect of these factors on the managers operating in this division was that there were low levels of employee commitment which were experienced through low morale and reduced productivity; managers felt that there was a restriction in the development of their careers, all of which resulted in a disregard to values of the organisation. This study reflects how the reward and recognition system using the balanced scorecard has shifted the focus of the department away from the organisation’s espoused values. This has resulted in various leadership and management questions for the leadership of the division in this study. This research also adds to existing literature that links performance and culture within the organisational context that it goes beyond the prevalent themes in literature which focus on performance at the organisation level. This study focuses on performance at the employee level and in particular in a professional services firm in South Africa. The study has three interrelated sections which are however considered as standalone. The first section is an evaluation report based on the Advisory division of a professional services firm in Durban, South Africa, and consists of a literature review, the methodology followed in conducting the study, results and the discussion thereof. The report also highlights limitations of the study, recommendations and the perceived value of the study. The report ends with a summary in the form of a conclusion. Section 2 comprises a more comprehensive literature review while Section 3 documents the research methodology followed in the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The influence of inbound and outbound logistics on the competitiveness of the South African automobile industry
- Authors: Fourie, Quinton
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Business logistics -- South Africa -- Costs , Competition -- South Africa , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8863 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020217
- Description: The South African automotive industry has been identified as an important influence on the economy of South Africa. In particular, it plays a role in job creation in a country with high unemployment rates. However, being linked to a global industry, its competitive position and future relevance have come into question on numerous occasions. After a period of isolation and protection, the local industry had to enter global competition. The competitive playing field had suddenly widened from companies competing locally amongst each other for local market share, to competing globally for international sales. In addition it was found that competition was not only limited to opposing brands but also existed within the subsidiaries of the same brand. The reason for this was the existence of overcapacity in the manufacturing facilities internationally. Coupled with this, most of the dominant vehicle manufacturers were creating more capacity in developing markets to support demand as well as to benefit from cheaper resources. There are of course many influencing factors on the competitive position of such an important industry. The value chain has been identified as a tool to analyse and compare the activities within rival businesses or industry role players. Two primary activities within the value chain are inbound logistics and outbound logistics. The objective of the research was to investigate the influence of inbound and outbound logistics on the competitiveness of the South African automotive industry. A literature review created the conceptual framework for the research. It was necessary to discuss the automotive industry in a global sense to understand the history and trends of the development within the industry. It was also necessary to understand the South African automotive industry within this context to identify its place and relevance in global terms. It was found that, although important to the local economy, the local industry was not a dominant force to be reckoned with and was in fact being over taken by many of its competitors. Part of this investigation was spent on the development of the local industry in a protected environment and what it meant for the growth of local content and exports. This was also important as the component manufacturers based in South Africa need critical mass to create an efficient platform to be globally competitive. It was found that historic development programmes did not do much to improve this aspect but there is optimism about the latest programme which promotes an increase in production volumes. The state of logistics in South Africa was critically analysed to understand the influence it has on the automotive industry. It was found that although the logistics infrastructure within South Africa is the best in Africa, it is behind the standards of its competitors. This is influencing the automotive industry as a result of inadequate rail infrastructure. The reason for this was that most of the freight which was being transported by road would be more efficiently transported by rail. The cost of logistics was also found to be high in South Africa and skills were also a concern to improve the current situation. A research questionnaire was created from the findings of the literature review. The questionnaire formed the primary research tool for this study. The sample was identified as respondents from vehicle assemblers and component manufacturers who would have sufficient knowledge of this topic. It was found that inbound and outbound logistics costs formed a relatively large component of total costs. The high levels of imported parts being used as well as export levels added to the logistics costs. This also caused uneconomical inventory levels as stock needed to be kept for longer periods before being replenished. The respondents were also aware of the fact that rail would improve the situation if the infrastructure was sufficient. The respondents seemed to be of the opinion that the skills of the employees responsible for logistics were not a major influencing factor and that logistics service providers were in addition, not creating an overwhelming cost improvement. The incentive programmes were also not seen to be doing much to address the influence of logistics on the automotive industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Fourie, Quinton
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Business logistics -- South Africa -- Costs , Competition -- South Africa , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8863 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020217
- Description: The South African automotive industry has been identified as an important influence on the economy of South Africa. In particular, it plays a role in job creation in a country with high unemployment rates. However, being linked to a global industry, its competitive position and future relevance have come into question on numerous occasions. After a period of isolation and protection, the local industry had to enter global competition. The competitive playing field had suddenly widened from companies competing locally amongst each other for local market share, to competing globally for international sales. In addition it was found that competition was not only limited to opposing brands but also existed within the subsidiaries of the same brand. The reason for this was the existence of overcapacity in the manufacturing facilities internationally. Coupled with this, most of the dominant vehicle manufacturers were creating more capacity in developing markets to support demand as well as to benefit from cheaper resources. There are of course many influencing factors on the competitive position of such an important industry. The value chain has been identified as a tool to analyse and compare the activities within rival businesses or industry role players. Two primary activities within the value chain are inbound logistics and outbound logistics. The objective of the research was to investigate the influence of inbound and outbound logistics on the competitiveness of the South African automotive industry. A literature review created the conceptual framework for the research. It was necessary to discuss the automotive industry in a global sense to understand the history and trends of the development within the industry. It was also necessary to understand the South African automotive industry within this context to identify its place and relevance in global terms. It was found that, although important to the local economy, the local industry was not a dominant force to be reckoned with and was in fact being over taken by many of its competitors. Part of this investigation was spent on the development of the local industry in a protected environment and what it meant for the growth of local content and exports. This was also important as the component manufacturers based in South Africa need critical mass to create an efficient platform to be globally competitive. It was found that historic development programmes did not do much to improve this aspect but there is optimism about the latest programme which promotes an increase in production volumes. The state of logistics in South Africa was critically analysed to understand the influence it has on the automotive industry. It was found that although the logistics infrastructure within South Africa is the best in Africa, it is behind the standards of its competitors. This is influencing the automotive industry as a result of inadequate rail infrastructure. The reason for this was that most of the freight which was being transported by road would be more efficiently transported by rail. The cost of logistics was also found to be high in South Africa and skills were also a concern to improve the current situation. A research questionnaire was created from the findings of the literature review. The questionnaire formed the primary research tool for this study. The sample was identified as respondents from vehicle assemblers and component manufacturers who would have sufficient knowledge of this topic. It was found that inbound and outbound logistics costs formed a relatively large component of total costs. The high levels of imported parts being used as well as export levels added to the logistics costs. This also caused uneconomical inventory levels as stock needed to be kept for longer periods before being replenished. The respondents were also aware of the fact that rail would improve the situation if the infrastructure was sufficient. The respondents seemed to be of the opinion that the skills of the employees responsible for logistics were not a major influencing factor and that logistics service providers were in addition, not creating an overwhelming cost improvement. The incentive programmes were also not seen to be doing much to address the influence of logistics on the automotive industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The influence of dynamic capabilities on innovation capability in dynamic high velocity environments
- Authors: Williams, Barry Owen
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Reengineering (Management) , Technological innovations , Organizational change -- Management , Strategic planning , Organizational effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:9310 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018577
- Description: The current business environment is experiencing increased levels of uncertainty, competition and change. Influenced by forces such as globalisation, fast paced technological change, recession and emerging markets, the current business environment is required to continuously adapt to these conditions and deliver new products or services to an increasingly demanding market. Such dynamic environments are characterised by fast and unpredictable changes that place traditional competitive advantages under pressure, requiring a continual pursuit of temporary game changers or radical disruptors. With radical innovation considered to be one of the key drivers of disruption and success within these environments, it has become critical for organisations to create a sustainable stream of new products that push the boundaries of technology and that ensures that those organisations stay ahead of their competitors. In dynamic environments, success is short-lived and temporary gains are quickly eroded as the competition catches up or jumps ahead. The ability for continual change, agility, ambidexterity and superior decision making, all contribute to maintaining the current advantages and quickly closing widening gaps in the innovation race. This study investigates the degree to which these dynamic capabilities influence an organisation’s innovation capability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The influence of dynamic capabilities on innovation capability in dynamic high velocity environments
- Authors: Williams, Barry Owen
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Reengineering (Management) , Technological innovations , Organizational change -- Management , Strategic planning , Organizational effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:9310 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018577
- Description: The current business environment is experiencing increased levels of uncertainty, competition and change. Influenced by forces such as globalisation, fast paced technological change, recession and emerging markets, the current business environment is required to continuously adapt to these conditions and deliver new products or services to an increasingly demanding market. Such dynamic environments are characterised by fast and unpredictable changes that place traditional competitive advantages under pressure, requiring a continual pursuit of temporary game changers or radical disruptors. With radical innovation considered to be one of the key drivers of disruption and success within these environments, it has become critical for organisations to create a sustainable stream of new products that push the boundaries of technology and that ensures that those organisations stay ahead of their competitors. In dynamic environments, success is short-lived and temporary gains are quickly eroded as the competition catches up or jumps ahead. The ability for continual change, agility, ambidexterity and superior decision making, all contribute to maintaining the current advantages and quickly closing widening gaps in the innovation race. This study investigates the degree to which these dynamic capabilities influence an organisation’s innovation capability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The influence of corparate social responsibilty on the engagement and organisational commitment of employees
- Authors: Kondlo, Nomnikelo
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Social responsibility of business , Management -- employee participation , Organizational commitment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020103
- Description: Companies are facing unprecedented pressure from various stakeholders to behave as responsible corporate citizens. The issue of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has therefore gained prominence as a central facet of both social and business platforms in recent years. There is overwhelming evidence from research literature that CSR is an emerging and increasingly important driver of employee engagement and organisational commitment. Studies however also point out that businesses that have engaged in CSR have generally failed to embrace fully the fact that it can be an important driver of employee engagement and not many of them are using this potentially powerful tool to attract, engage and retain employees. The primary objective of the study is to investigate the perceived economic benefit, social impact and environmental impact of CSR on employee engagement and organisational commitment in business firms. Convenience sampling was used to select a stratified sample of 150 employees from six different industries in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolis. While 150 questionnaires were distributed, only 91 respondents eventually participated (response rate = 60.7 percent). The data analyses included the calculation of Cronbach alpha coefficients, descriptive statistics (percentages, means, standard deviation and frequency scores), multiple regression, Pearson correlations and Scheffé tests. The empirical results show, among others, that the economic benefit of CSR has the strongest effect on affective commitment of employees; that the environmental benefit of CSR plays a big role in employees wanting to stay with their firms (continuance commitment) and feeling obliged to stay with their firms (normative commitment); and that the social benefit of CSR has a strong effect on the level of employee engagement. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed. The shortcomings of the study and gaps for future research are also highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Kondlo, Nomnikelo
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Social responsibility of business , Management -- employee participation , Organizational commitment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020103
- Description: Companies are facing unprecedented pressure from various stakeholders to behave as responsible corporate citizens. The issue of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has therefore gained prominence as a central facet of both social and business platforms in recent years. There is overwhelming evidence from research literature that CSR is an emerging and increasingly important driver of employee engagement and organisational commitment. Studies however also point out that businesses that have engaged in CSR have generally failed to embrace fully the fact that it can be an important driver of employee engagement and not many of them are using this potentially powerful tool to attract, engage and retain employees. The primary objective of the study is to investigate the perceived economic benefit, social impact and environmental impact of CSR on employee engagement and organisational commitment in business firms. Convenience sampling was used to select a stratified sample of 150 employees from six different industries in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolis. While 150 questionnaires were distributed, only 91 respondents eventually participated (response rate = 60.7 percent). The data analyses included the calculation of Cronbach alpha coefficients, descriptive statistics (percentages, means, standard deviation and frequency scores), multiple regression, Pearson correlations and Scheffé tests. The empirical results show, among others, that the economic benefit of CSR has the strongest effect on affective commitment of employees; that the environmental benefit of CSR plays a big role in employees wanting to stay with their firms (continuance commitment) and feeling obliged to stay with their firms (normative commitment); and that the social benefit of CSR has a strong effect on the level of employee engagement. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed. The shortcomings of the study and gaps for future research are also highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The influence of business social responsibility on the brand image and business performance of small and medium-sized enterprises
- Authors: Zeka, Bomikazi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Business names
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:9056 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007753 , Business names
- Description: Given the importance of the contribution of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in national and international economies, there is a lack of research attention given to the role that social responsibility can play in the success of SMEs. A vast amount of research has been conducted on how social responsibility can be beneficial to larger and more established enterprises; however, the benefits that can accrue to SMEs and their different stakeholder groups is less evident. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of business social responsibility (BSR) on the brand image and business performance of SMEs. After a comprehensive literature review was undertaken on SMEs in South Africa, as well as the concept BSR and its various dimensions, the following independent variables were identified as possibly influencing the intervening variable (Brand Image) and the dependent variable (Business Performance) in this study: • Diversity • Environmental Awareness • Community Development • Stakeholder Relations These independent variables were selected to construct a hypothetical model and research hypotheses, as they are the four most commonly recognised BSR initiatives in which SMEs can engage. These independent variables were used in determining whether BSR could possible lead to a positive brand image and ultimately, an increased business performance for SMEs. In order to establish the influence of BSR on the brand image and business performance of SMEs, an empirical investigation was undertaken. A measuring instrument, in the form of a questionnaire, was compiled from secondary literature sources. The respondents were identified through the convenience sampling technique and the 200 usable questionnaires gathered from the respondents, were subjected to statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was confirmed by means of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the calculation of Cronbach‟s alpha coefficients. As a result of conducting EFAs, some definitions of the variables were adapted. However, none of the variables used in the study were eliminated, nor did additional variables occur following the EFAs. Consequently, the hypothetical model and its research hypotheses remained the same. During the data analyses, descriptive statistics were calculated to summarise the sample data and Pearson‟s Product Moment Correlations were calculated to establish the correlations between the variables used in this study. The primary statistical procedure used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the independent, intervening and dependent variables in this study, was the multiple linear regression analysis. To conclude the empirical investigation, a t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were performed to assess the influence of demographic variables on respondents‟ perceptions regarding the independent, intervening and dependent variables used in the study. Furthermore, to establish significant differences between individual mean scores, post-hoc Sheffé tests were calculated, and practical significance was assessed by calculating Cohen‟s d values. The main empirical findings showed that there is a significant relationship found between the independent variables, Environmental Awareness, Community Development and Stakeholder Relations, with the intervening variable Brand Image and the dependent variable Business Performance. The empirical investigation showed that younger respondents had a more positive perception of Brand Image than older respondents, along with respondents who held the position of manager in the enterprise. The study also revealed that the more work experience the respondent had, the less optimistic they were about Brand Image. Furthermore, enterprises that have been in existence for a fewer amount of years than their older counterparts, considered Brand Image to be more important. Therefore, there is a distinction that can be made that younger respondents and younger enterprises had a more positive perception of brand image than older respondents and enterprises that have been in existence for a longer period of time. This study has added to the limited amount of literature on BSR in the field of SMEs. Through the hypothetical model developed in this study, a significant contribution has been made towards understanding the BSR factors influencing the success of SMEs. As a result, this study presents recommendations and suggestions to assist SME owners/managers who engage in social responsibility to continue to make positive contributions for the welfare of their stakeholders and the community at large and also to encourage SME owners/managers who do not engage in BSR to consider the various benefits that can accrue to their stakeholders and the enterprise itself, as this may ultimately enhance the business performance of their SMEs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Zeka, Bomikazi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Business names
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:9056 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007753 , Business names
- Description: Given the importance of the contribution of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in national and international economies, there is a lack of research attention given to the role that social responsibility can play in the success of SMEs. A vast amount of research has been conducted on how social responsibility can be beneficial to larger and more established enterprises; however, the benefits that can accrue to SMEs and their different stakeholder groups is less evident. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of business social responsibility (BSR) on the brand image and business performance of SMEs. After a comprehensive literature review was undertaken on SMEs in South Africa, as well as the concept BSR and its various dimensions, the following independent variables were identified as possibly influencing the intervening variable (Brand Image) and the dependent variable (Business Performance) in this study: • Diversity • Environmental Awareness • Community Development • Stakeholder Relations These independent variables were selected to construct a hypothetical model and research hypotheses, as they are the four most commonly recognised BSR initiatives in which SMEs can engage. These independent variables were used in determining whether BSR could possible lead to a positive brand image and ultimately, an increased business performance for SMEs. In order to establish the influence of BSR on the brand image and business performance of SMEs, an empirical investigation was undertaken. A measuring instrument, in the form of a questionnaire, was compiled from secondary literature sources. The respondents were identified through the convenience sampling technique and the 200 usable questionnaires gathered from the respondents, were subjected to statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was confirmed by means of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the calculation of Cronbach‟s alpha coefficients. As a result of conducting EFAs, some definitions of the variables were adapted. However, none of the variables used in the study were eliminated, nor did additional variables occur following the EFAs. Consequently, the hypothetical model and its research hypotheses remained the same. During the data analyses, descriptive statistics were calculated to summarise the sample data and Pearson‟s Product Moment Correlations were calculated to establish the correlations between the variables used in this study. The primary statistical procedure used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the independent, intervening and dependent variables in this study, was the multiple linear regression analysis. To conclude the empirical investigation, a t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were performed to assess the influence of demographic variables on respondents‟ perceptions regarding the independent, intervening and dependent variables used in the study. Furthermore, to establish significant differences between individual mean scores, post-hoc Sheffé tests were calculated, and practical significance was assessed by calculating Cohen‟s d values. The main empirical findings showed that there is a significant relationship found between the independent variables, Environmental Awareness, Community Development and Stakeholder Relations, with the intervening variable Brand Image and the dependent variable Business Performance. The empirical investigation showed that younger respondents had a more positive perception of Brand Image than older respondents, along with respondents who held the position of manager in the enterprise. The study also revealed that the more work experience the respondent had, the less optimistic they were about Brand Image. Furthermore, enterprises that have been in existence for a fewer amount of years than their older counterparts, considered Brand Image to be more important. Therefore, there is a distinction that can be made that younger respondents and younger enterprises had a more positive perception of brand image than older respondents and enterprises that have been in existence for a longer period of time. This study has added to the limited amount of literature on BSR in the field of SMEs. Through the hypothetical model developed in this study, a significant contribution has been made towards understanding the BSR factors influencing the success of SMEs. As a result, this study presents recommendations and suggestions to assist SME owners/managers who engage in social responsibility to continue to make positive contributions for the welfare of their stakeholders and the community at large and also to encourage SME owners/managers who do not engage in BSR to consider the various benefits that can accrue to their stakeholders and the enterprise itself, as this may ultimately enhance the business performance of their SMEs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The implementation of local economic development projects in Amathole District Municipality
- Authors: Dunga, Sipokazi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Amathole District Municipality (South Africa) , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8265 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013256
- Description: The study investigated the problems and challenges facing the Amathole District Municipality when implementing Local Economic Development (LED) projects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors affecting this implementation. The other major challenge is the number of different institutions and agencies that are involved in LED. Consequently, the desired results cannot be achieved, thus the communities continue to live in poverty, the local economy cannot improve and there will be a high rate of unemployment. In order to address the research problem and to achieve the research objectives, available literature on Local Economic Development was reviewed. Empirical data was also collected making use of face-to-face interviews. The research revealed that the implementation of LED projects has not been entirely effective, mainly caused by the lack of capacity within the municipality to fully provide support in the implementation of LED projects; limited funding; shortage of personnel; political and administrative instability; problems regarding to social facilitation; and LED not being prioritised by the municipality and also seen as an unfunded mandate. From the investigation, the findings indicate that the effective implementation of these projects require strengthened capacity which needs more funding, more skilled personnel to drive the process, de-politicised development and the municipality to prioritise high impact projects that yield sustainability as opposed to smaller projects that unsustainable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Dunga, Sipokazi
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Amathole District Municipality (South Africa) , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8265 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013256
- Description: The study investigated the problems and challenges facing the Amathole District Municipality when implementing Local Economic Development (LED) projects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors affecting this implementation. The other major challenge is the number of different institutions and agencies that are involved in LED. Consequently, the desired results cannot be achieved, thus the communities continue to live in poverty, the local economy cannot improve and there will be a high rate of unemployment. In order to address the research problem and to achieve the research objectives, available literature on Local Economic Development was reviewed. Empirical data was also collected making use of face-to-face interviews. The research revealed that the implementation of LED projects has not been entirely effective, mainly caused by the lack of capacity within the municipality to fully provide support in the implementation of LED projects; limited funding; shortage of personnel; political and administrative instability; problems regarding to social facilitation; and LED not being prioritised by the municipality and also seen as an unfunded mandate. From the investigation, the findings indicate that the effective implementation of these projects require strengthened capacity which needs more funding, more skilled personnel to drive the process, de-politicised development and the municipality to prioritise high impact projects that yield sustainability as opposed to smaller projects that unsustainable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The implementation of a service-learning component in an organic chemistry laboratory course
- Glover, Sarah R, Sewry, Joyce D, Bromley, Candice L, Davies-Coleman, Michael T, Hlengwa, Amanda I
- Authors: Glover, Sarah R , Sewry, Joyce D , Bromley, Candice L , Davies-Coleman, Michael T , Hlengwa, Amanda I
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70699 , vital:29690 , https://doi.org/10.1021/ed2008153
- Description: Education institutions globally are increasingly expected to explore avenues for the implementation of service-learning into their curricula. A second-year undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory experiment, in which the undergraduate students make azo dyes, can provide a vehicle for a service-learning module in which university undergraduate students then teach students from resource-limited secondary schools how to make azo dyes. Evidence is provided to show how the theory is reinforced for both sets of students through a shared practical experience. The practical application of chemistry is conveyed through the use of the synthetic azo dyes to dye tshirts. The results of this study show that the service-learning experience clearly assists undergraduate students to appreciate the role of chemists in the broader society while at the same time increasing awareness of the inequalities in school education systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Glover, Sarah R , Sewry, Joyce D , Bromley, Candice L , Davies-Coleman, Michael T , Hlengwa, Amanda I
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70699 , vital:29690 , https://doi.org/10.1021/ed2008153
- Description: Education institutions globally are increasingly expected to explore avenues for the implementation of service-learning into their curricula. A second-year undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory experiment, in which the undergraduate students make azo dyes, can provide a vehicle for a service-learning module in which university undergraduate students then teach students from resource-limited secondary schools how to make azo dyes. Evidence is provided to show how the theory is reinforced for both sets of students through a shared practical experience. The practical application of chemistry is conveyed through the use of the synthetic azo dyes to dye tshirts. The results of this study show that the service-learning experience clearly assists undergraduate students to appreciate the role of chemists in the broader society while at the same time increasing awareness of the inequalities in school education systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of unemployment on people resinding in Kuyga
- Authors: Makinana, Zoliswa L
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Unemployment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Poverty -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Social problems -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9171 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020107
- Description: The study strives to highlight the factors contributing to unemployment in South Africa, specifically economic factors. The primary focus of the study is to analyse the impact of unemployment within the economy. The core the underlying causes of unemployment within the economy are low standard of education, low standard of living, and ineffective macroeconomic policies such as Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR). The assumption of the study is that unemployment is a socioeconomic issue which the government is struggling to address adequately. The study outlines the challenges faced by the government in tackling unemployment. It also uses the Kuyga Township as a case study, analysing the impact of unemployment and poverty within the community. The government has made efforts to address the aforementioned issue. It established specific macroeconomic policies to remedy the situation. However, these policies fell short and were ineffective. The apartheid system created an environment that continues to perpetuate both unemployment and poverty especially within poor communities. Kuyga Township has a high rate of unemployment which contributes to poverty. The study’s aim was to investigate the impact of unemployment in Nelson Mandela Bay area, determine the rate of unemployment, and compare strategies, projects and or programmes creating job opportunities in the area. It evaluated the success and failure of policies and strategies formulated to combat unemployment and alleviate poverty. The study also strived to determine the number of individuals affected by unemployment in Kuyga Township and the Nelson Mandela Bay area. The study makes recommendation and proposes plausible measures which the government could implement in order to manage and curtail the prevalence of unemployment and poverty within the Kuyga Township. It also highlights the role thatbusinesses can play in creating employment opportunities within the community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Makinana, Zoliswa L
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Unemployment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Poverty -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Social problems -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9171 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020107
- Description: The study strives to highlight the factors contributing to unemployment in South Africa, specifically economic factors. The primary focus of the study is to analyse the impact of unemployment within the economy. The core the underlying causes of unemployment within the economy are low standard of education, low standard of living, and ineffective macroeconomic policies such as Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR). The assumption of the study is that unemployment is a socioeconomic issue which the government is struggling to address adequately. The study outlines the challenges faced by the government in tackling unemployment. It also uses the Kuyga Township as a case study, analysing the impact of unemployment and poverty within the community. The government has made efforts to address the aforementioned issue. It established specific macroeconomic policies to remedy the situation. However, these policies fell short and were ineffective. The apartheid system created an environment that continues to perpetuate both unemployment and poverty especially within poor communities. Kuyga Township has a high rate of unemployment which contributes to poverty. The study’s aim was to investigate the impact of unemployment in Nelson Mandela Bay area, determine the rate of unemployment, and compare strategies, projects and or programmes creating job opportunities in the area. It evaluated the success and failure of policies and strategies formulated to combat unemployment and alleviate poverty. The study also strived to determine the number of individuals affected by unemployment in Kuyga Township and the Nelson Mandela Bay area. The study makes recommendation and proposes plausible measures which the government could implement in order to manage and curtail the prevalence of unemployment and poverty within the Kuyga Township. It also highlights the role thatbusinesses can play in creating employment opportunities within the community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of the expanded public works programme on poverty in Amathole district municipality
- Authors: Nkonki, Pamela
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: South Africa. Expanded Public Works Programme , Public works -- South Africa , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Job creation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9209 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020762
- Description: The study aimed at analysis the South African government’s attempt to reduce poverty through alleviation and reduction of unemployment. The study analyses this using Ngqushwa Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape. The introduction of labour intensive projects of government in infrastructural development, under auspices of the Department of Public Works, has brought a relief in addressing unemployment and poverty in the country. While the provision of these short-term based jobs is life-saving, the question is whether or not these projects (EPWP) will provide a sustainable solution to unemployment and poverty with the skills and information they provide to the employees. To achieve this aim the study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. First, a literature review on the Expanded Public Works Programme was done. Secondly, policy review on poverty and conservation was done. A small sample size of sixteen people was selected using purposive sampling, targeting ten beneficiaries of EPWP, three Municipal managers and three Departmental managers that were involved in EPWP. Firstly, I wanted to know how many people participated in the EPWP initiatives in the Amathole District Municipality between 2008 and 2012. Secondly, what training was provided to people that were temporarily employed on the EPWP projects and what recruitment tools were used to recruit EPWP employees. Thirdly, to find out how many were able to find permanent employment after the EPWP projects in Amathole District Municipality communities were completed. Fourthly, has the EPWP benefited the poorest of the targeted areas and redressing racial imbalances? It is clear that EPWP is appreciated by some of the beneficiaries who do not have better school qualifications as they make significant, short-term contribution to their livelihoods and, than those who have better qualifications especially the youth, who claimed that this programme is partly wasting their time as they were looking for permanent jobs, and in South Africa age restriction is one of the problems that the people were facing when looking for a job. The study proposes that the government should make a physical relief on poverty and employment reduction by making this programme a permanent job.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Nkonki, Pamela
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: South Africa. Expanded Public Works Programme , Public works -- South Africa , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Job creation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9209 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020762
- Description: The study aimed at analysis the South African government’s attempt to reduce poverty through alleviation and reduction of unemployment. The study analyses this using Ngqushwa Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape. The introduction of labour intensive projects of government in infrastructural development, under auspices of the Department of Public Works, has brought a relief in addressing unemployment and poverty in the country. While the provision of these short-term based jobs is life-saving, the question is whether or not these projects (EPWP) will provide a sustainable solution to unemployment and poverty with the skills and information they provide to the employees. To achieve this aim the study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. First, a literature review on the Expanded Public Works Programme was done. Secondly, policy review on poverty and conservation was done. A small sample size of sixteen people was selected using purposive sampling, targeting ten beneficiaries of EPWP, three Municipal managers and three Departmental managers that were involved in EPWP. Firstly, I wanted to know how many people participated in the EPWP initiatives in the Amathole District Municipality between 2008 and 2012. Secondly, what training was provided to people that were temporarily employed on the EPWP projects and what recruitment tools were used to recruit EPWP employees. Thirdly, to find out how many were able to find permanent employment after the EPWP projects in Amathole District Municipality communities were completed. Fourthly, has the EPWP benefited the poorest of the targeted areas and redressing racial imbalances? It is clear that EPWP is appreciated by some of the beneficiaries who do not have better school qualifications as they make significant, short-term contribution to their livelihoods and, than those who have better qualifications especially the youth, who claimed that this programme is partly wasting their time as they were looking for permanent jobs, and in South Africa age restriction is one of the problems that the people were facing when looking for a job. The study proposes that the government should make a physical relief on poverty and employment reduction by making this programme a permanent job.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of the exchange rate volatility on unemployment in South Africa
- Nyahokwe, Olivia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-1014
- Authors: Nyahokwe, Olivia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-1014
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Foreign exchange rates -- South Africa , Unemployment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25580 , vital:64336
- Description: Real exchange rate volatility have important effects on production, employment and trade, so it is crucial to understand its impact on unemployment especially on a country like South Africa.This study analyses the impact of the real exchange rate volatility on unemployment and the dynamic adjustment of unemployment rate following shocks to its determinants using quarterly South African data covering the period 2000 to 2010. It begins with a review of literature on the impact of exchange rate volatility on unemployment and provides a brief updated background on the exchange rate and unemployment in South Africa. An empirical model linking the real exchange rate to unemployment is then specified. In contrast to previous analyses, this study augments the cointegration and vector autoregression (VAR) and the GARCH model including analysis with impulse response and variance decomposition analyses to provide robust long run effects and short run dynamic effects on the unemployment rate. The empirical analysis using a variety of specifications,estimation techniques, and robustness tests suggests that exchange rate volatility has a statistically and economically significant impact on employment. The variables that have been found to have a long run relationship with unemployment rate include the real exchange rate, exports ,real interest rate and the gross domestic product.The impulse response functions broadly corroborate the theoretical predictions, but only real interest rate and exports have a significant impact on unemployment in the short run. Results from the variance decompositions are largely similar to those from the impulse response analysis. The real exchange rate and exports are the only variables found to significantly explain the variation in the unemployment. The most interesting result that emerged from this analysis and is supported by previous research is that among other determinants, the real exchange rate explain the largest proportion of the variation in unemployment rate. On balance, the evidence therefore suggests that unemployment rate fluctuations are predominantly equilibrium responses to real exchange rate shocks in comparison with interest rates, economic growth and exports. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Nyahokwe, Olivia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-1014
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Foreign exchange rates -- South Africa , Unemployment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25580 , vital:64336
- Description: Real exchange rate volatility have important effects on production, employment and trade, so it is crucial to understand its impact on unemployment especially on a country like South Africa.This study analyses the impact of the real exchange rate volatility on unemployment and the dynamic adjustment of unemployment rate following shocks to its determinants using quarterly South African data covering the period 2000 to 2010. It begins with a review of literature on the impact of exchange rate volatility on unemployment and provides a brief updated background on the exchange rate and unemployment in South Africa. An empirical model linking the real exchange rate to unemployment is then specified. In contrast to previous analyses, this study augments the cointegration and vector autoregression (VAR) and the GARCH model including analysis with impulse response and variance decomposition analyses to provide robust long run effects and short run dynamic effects on the unemployment rate. The empirical analysis using a variety of specifications,estimation techniques, and robustness tests suggests that exchange rate volatility has a statistically and economically significant impact on employment. The variables that have been found to have a long run relationship with unemployment rate include the real exchange rate, exports ,real interest rate and the gross domestic product.The impulse response functions broadly corroborate the theoretical predictions, but only real interest rate and exports have a significant impact on unemployment in the short run. Results from the variance decompositions are largely similar to those from the impulse response analysis. The real exchange rate and exports are the only variables found to significantly explain the variation in the unemployment. The most interesting result that emerged from this analysis and is supported by previous research is that among other determinants, the real exchange rate explain the largest proportion of the variation in unemployment rate. On balance, the evidence therefore suggests that unemployment rate fluctuations are predominantly equilibrium responses to real exchange rate shocks in comparison with interest rates, economic growth and exports. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The Impact of the common law and legislation on African indigenous laws of marriage in Zimbabwe and South Africa
- Authors: Gwarinda, T A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , LLD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1421 , vital:26554
- Description: The study sought to examine the development of customary law, primarily focusing on the extent to which the true African marriage has been preserved by its incorporation in, and regulation by legislation and the constitutions of Zimbabwe and South Africa. Today, colonial legislation has either been repealed or revised. However, evidence persists suggesting the inclusion of western principles within frameworks governing African marriages such as the Customary Marriages Act and the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act of post-independence Zimbabwe and South Africa respectively. To understand the true purpose of custom, the study initially investigates the classical customary law position drawing deeper insights into the main features of the African marriage. From an African perspective, the research revealed whether legislation satisfactorily dealt with aspects such as registration of customary marriages, determination of minority and capacity to marry, payment of bride wealth, grounds for divorce, proprietary consequences of marriage during and after termination of marriage by death or divorce and women’s rights to communal land tenure and immovable property among others. Apart from legislation it became imperative to determine the role of constitutionalism and human rights law in the regulation and preservation of custom. A comparative study was motivated not only because Zimbabwe and South Africa share a border but also because migration between the two countries in the past decade due to various socio-economic forces has led to inter-marriages and cultural diversity. In addition, historically, both jurisdictions have Roman-Dutch law as the basis for the formation of their legal systems. The methodology remained largely a qualitative type research based on documentary analysis. Several findings emerged among which was the fact that, women in traditional African marriages had property rights contrary to popular belief however they continue to be most disadvantaged when it comes to having real rights in ownership of communal land. The African marriage generally sought to preserve marriage more than its western counterpart, the civil marriage. Legislation was the main vehicle for attaching customary law to western principles of law thus losing its intended purpose. Other findings were that polygamy and widow inheritance are prevalent and continue to face condemnation in today’s society; constitutionalism and international human rights law do not readily find acceptance among traditionalists; bride wealth payments persist among rural and urban folk alike and continue to symbolise a marriage between respective parties and their families; and spouses omit to register customary marriages mainly because bride wealth payments adequately legitimise their unions. Initiation ceremonies persist among some ethnic groups particularly the South African Xhosa who have adhered to circumcision for boys as determining their capacity to marry. The study concludes by making recommendations that could assist in harmonising customary law and common law. These include educational initiatives; advocacy and advice giving; regulation of unregistered customary marriages; improving access to justice; eradication of child marriages; improving the status of rural women; and constitutional reform. It is hoped that these recommendations will bridge the gap between customary law and western law as we endeavour to determine the future of the African marriage in a contemporary traditional context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Gwarinda, T A
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , LLD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1421 , vital:26554
- Description: The study sought to examine the development of customary law, primarily focusing on the extent to which the true African marriage has been preserved by its incorporation in, and regulation by legislation and the constitutions of Zimbabwe and South Africa. Today, colonial legislation has either been repealed or revised. However, evidence persists suggesting the inclusion of western principles within frameworks governing African marriages such as the Customary Marriages Act and the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act of post-independence Zimbabwe and South Africa respectively. To understand the true purpose of custom, the study initially investigates the classical customary law position drawing deeper insights into the main features of the African marriage. From an African perspective, the research revealed whether legislation satisfactorily dealt with aspects such as registration of customary marriages, determination of minority and capacity to marry, payment of bride wealth, grounds for divorce, proprietary consequences of marriage during and after termination of marriage by death or divorce and women’s rights to communal land tenure and immovable property among others. Apart from legislation it became imperative to determine the role of constitutionalism and human rights law in the regulation and preservation of custom. A comparative study was motivated not only because Zimbabwe and South Africa share a border but also because migration between the two countries in the past decade due to various socio-economic forces has led to inter-marriages and cultural diversity. In addition, historically, both jurisdictions have Roman-Dutch law as the basis for the formation of their legal systems. The methodology remained largely a qualitative type research based on documentary analysis. Several findings emerged among which was the fact that, women in traditional African marriages had property rights contrary to popular belief however they continue to be most disadvantaged when it comes to having real rights in ownership of communal land. The African marriage generally sought to preserve marriage more than its western counterpart, the civil marriage. Legislation was the main vehicle for attaching customary law to western principles of law thus losing its intended purpose. Other findings were that polygamy and widow inheritance are prevalent and continue to face condemnation in today’s society; constitutionalism and international human rights law do not readily find acceptance among traditionalists; bride wealth payments persist among rural and urban folk alike and continue to symbolise a marriage between respective parties and their families; and spouses omit to register customary marriages mainly because bride wealth payments adequately legitimise their unions. Initiation ceremonies persist among some ethnic groups particularly the South African Xhosa who have adhered to circumcision for boys as determining their capacity to marry. The study concludes by making recommendations that could assist in harmonising customary law and common law. These include educational initiatives; advocacy and advice giving; regulation of unregistered customary marriages; improving access to justice; eradication of child marriages; improving the status of rural women; and constitutional reform. It is hoped that these recommendations will bridge the gap between customary law and western law as we endeavour to determine the future of the African marriage in a contemporary traditional context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of the Blue Crane development agency on tourism development: a comparative analysis
- Authors: Zokoza, Makhaya
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Tourism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Travel agents -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9129 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018602
- Description: This research investigates the impact of the Blue Crane Development Agency (BCDA) on tourism development by comparing the implementation of the Responsible Tourism Sector Plan of the Blue Crane Route Municipality (BCRM) with the Responsible Tourism Sector Plan of the Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM). In the latter instance, there is no development agency involved. A qualitative approach to research is applied with a specific focus on in-depth interviews. The literature review focuses on responsible tourism, local economic development (LED) and development agencies. The research is grounded in the Endogenous Growth Theory. The research notes the phenomenal success of the development agency model for delivery of LED projects. There is a notable growth in the tourism sector within the BCRM. With 45 permanent jobs created, the BCRM is a better place as compared to what it was in the era prior to the establishment of the BCDA. This surpasses by far the number of jobs created in the SRVM where the development agency model does not exist. The South African Local Government Association (SALGA) prefers a district-wide development agency as opposed to a local development agency. The establishment of Cacadu Development Agency (CDA) follows this suggestion. The findings of this research are thus very significant for the SALGA in their pursuit for best practices in LED. Both the BCRM and the SRVM are under-marketed, a negative factor on their tourism growth and development. Placing of billboards at the Ncanara interchange to advertise them would ideally enhance their tourism marketing campaigns. The research also finds that both local municipalities have inadequate monitoring and evaluation systems for projects. In this respect, the research suggests that the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency (ECPTA) should consider conducting a provincial research covering all the districts, on the contribution of tourism to the local economies. As a provincial entity, the ECPTA would be better placed to undertake that task. They would have less legal restrictions imposed by jurisdictional issues than would a local municipality. The research recommends the relocation of the CDA and the CDM from the metropolitan city of Port Elizabeth to one of the local municipalities. That would most likely increase business tourism, thereby boosting the local economy in the relevant small municipality. In conclusion, this research proposes that the presence of a development agency enhances tourism growth and development in the BCRM.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Zokoza, Makhaya
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Tourism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Travel agents -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9129 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018602
- Description: This research investigates the impact of the Blue Crane Development Agency (BCDA) on tourism development by comparing the implementation of the Responsible Tourism Sector Plan of the Blue Crane Route Municipality (BCRM) with the Responsible Tourism Sector Plan of the Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM). In the latter instance, there is no development agency involved. A qualitative approach to research is applied with a specific focus on in-depth interviews. The literature review focuses on responsible tourism, local economic development (LED) and development agencies. The research is grounded in the Endogenous Growth Theory. The research notes the phenomenal success of the development agency model for delivery of LED projects. There is a notable growth in the tourism sector within the BCRM. With 45 permanent jobs created, the BCRM is a better place as compared to what it was in the era prior to the establishment of the BCDA. This surpasses by far the number of jobs created in the SRVM where the development agency model does not exist. The South African Local Government Association (SALGA) prefers a district-wide development agency as opposed to a local development agency. The establishment of Cacadu Development Agency (CDA) follows this suggestion. The findings of this research are thus very significant for the SALGA in their pursuit for best practices in LED. Both the BCRM and the SRVM are under-marketed, a negative factor on their tourism growth and development. Placing of billboards at the Ncanara interchange to advertise them would ideally enhance their tourism marketing campaigns. The research also finds that both local municipalities have inadequate monitoring and evaluation systems for projects. In this respect, the research suggests that the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency (ECPTA) should consider conducting a provincial research covering all the districts, on the contribution of tourism to the local economies. As a provincial entity, the ECPTA would be better placed to undertake that task. They would have less legal restrictions imposed by jurisdictional issues than would a local municipality. The research recommends the relocation of the CDA and the CDM from the metropolitan city of Port Elizabeth to one of the local municipalities. That would most likely increase business tourism, thereby boosting the local economy in the relevant small municipality. In conclusion, this research proposes that the presence of a development agency enhances tourism growth and development in the BCRM.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of team emotional intelligence in team decision making at Transnet Port terminals
- Authors: Mtunzini, Samnkelisiwe
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Teams in the workplace , Emotional intelligence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8851 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020121
- Description: Numerous decisions in organisations are made by teams, groups or committees. The need for group decision making is brought about by the increased complexity of many decisions which require specialised knowledge in numerous areas usually not possessed by one person. As such there has also been an inherent recognition that different members bring different contributions and that a marshalling of these contributions enhances decision-making. Most research about how to make teams more effective has focused on identifying the task processes that distinguish the most successful teams - that is specifying the need for collaboration, involvement and commitment to goals. The assumption seems to be that, once identified; these processes can simply be imitated by other teams, with similar effects but it is not the case since they do not take the level of the team’s emotional intelligence into consideration. Emotional intelligence should always be considered in a team setting since teamwork is an inherently social activity and as such emotions play an important role in team processes including decision making. Surprisingly the study of the effects of emotions and emotional intelligence in decision making at group level is a relatively new research avenue. Research indicates that emotional intelligence has been the subject of a significant amount of literature for a number of years. However little has been contributed to how the behaviours associated with emotional intelligence may be practically applied to enhance both individual and group decision-making. Druskat and Wolff (2001a and 2001b) proposed a model for emotional intelligence at the group level. According to their model, groups develop a set of behavioural norms called the Group Emotional Competence Norms (GEC norms) which guide the emotional experience in groups. The proposed model by Druskat and Wolff was used to define and measure group emotional intelligence in this study. The aim of the study was to establish whether there was a relationship between team emotional intelligence and team decision making at Transnet Port Terminal’s Ngqura Container Terminal. The findings of the literature study and the empirical study were combined to evaluate whether team emotional intelligence affected team decision making in the chosen population.The literature study suggested that there was a relationship between team emotional intelligence and team decision making. The empirical study confirmed the relationship between group emotional intelligence and group decision making but failed to confirm whether the chosen population consisted of teams.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Mtunzini, Samnkelisiwe
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Teams in the workplace , Emotional intelligence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8851 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020121
- Description: Numerous decisions in organisations are made by teams, groups or committees. The need for group decision making is brought about by the increased complexity of many decisions which require specialised knowledge in numerous areas usually not possessed by one person. As such there has also been an inherent recognition that different members bring different contributions and that a marshalling of these contributions enhances decision-making. Most research about how to make teams more effective has focused on identifying the task processes that distinguish the most successful teams - that is specifying the need for collaboration, involvement and commitment to goals. The assumption seems to be that, once identified; these processes can simply be imitated by other teams, with similar effects but it is not the case since they do not take the level of the team’s emotional intelligence into consideration. Emotional intelligence should always be considered in a team setting since teamwork is an inherently social activity and as such emotions play an important role in team processes including decision making. Surprisingly the study of the effects of emotions and emotional intelligence in decision making at group level is a relatively new research avenue. Research indicates that emotional intelligence has been the subject of a significant amount of literature for a number of years. However little has been contributed to how the behaviours associated with emotional intelligence may be practically applied to enhance both individual and group decision-making. Druskat and Wolff (2001a and 2001b) proposed a model for emotional intelligence at the group level. According to their model, groups develop a set of behavioural norms called the Group Emotional Competence Norms (GEC norms) which guide the emotional experience in groups. The proposed model by Druskat and Wolff was used to define and measure group emotional intelligence in this study. The aim of the study was to establish whether there was a relationship between team emotional intelligence and team decision making at Transnet Port Terminal’s Ngqura Container Terminal. The findings of the literature study and the empirical study were combined to evaluate whether team emotional intelligence affected team decision making in the chosen population.The literature study suggested that there was a relationship between team emotional intelligence and team decision making. The empirical study confirmed the relationship between group emotional intelligence and group decision making but failed to confirm whether the chosen population consisted of teams.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of stock market development on economic growth: evidence from South Africa
- Authors: Vacu, Nomfundo Portia
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Stock exchanges -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa , Stocks -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic conditions , Stock market development , Economic growth , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11655 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006983 , Stock exchanges -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa , Stocks -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic conditions , Stock market development , Economic growth , South Africa
- Description: The main objective of this study is to examine the long run relationship between stock market development and economic growth in the case of South Africa. The study used quarterly data covering the period from 1990Q1 to 2010Q4. To empirically test the link between the two variables, the study used the Johnson’s cointegration approach and Granger causality so as to test the direction of the relationship. The Vector Error Correction Model was also employed to capture both short run and long run dynamics. Generally, the results reveal that a long run relationship exists between the two variables and the causality flows from economic growth to stock market development. Also, the extent to which of stock market development impacts on growth is statistically weak.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Vacu, Nomfundo Portia
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Stock exchanges -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa , Stocks -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic conditions , Stock market development , Economic growth , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11655 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006983 , Stock exchanges -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa , Stocks -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic conditions , Stock market development , Economic growth , South Africa
- Description: The main objective of this study is to examine the long run relationship between stock market development and economic growth in the case of South Africa. The study used quarterly data covering the period from 1990Q1 to 2010Q4. To empirically test the link between the two variables, the study used the Johnson’s cointegration approach and Granger causality so as to test the direction of the relationship. The Vector Error Correction Model was also employed to capture both short run and long run dynamics. Generally, the results reveal that a long run relationship exists between the two variables and the causality flows from economic growth to stock market development. Also, the extent to which of stock market development impacts on growth is statistically weak.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of staff educational levels in ensuring effective health programmes implementation : a comparative study of NPO's in the City of Tshwane
- Authors: Msomi, Sweetness Mbalenhle
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Public health -- Evaluation , Public health personnel -- Education -- South Africa -- City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality , Nonprofit organizations -- South Africa -- City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9178 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020139
- Description: This research study investigated the impact of staff education levels in ensuring implementation of effective health programmes: A comparative study of NPOs in City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The literature that was consulted explains the current level of education, worldwide and South Africa, challenges and reasons for lack of critical skills among health professionals and social workers. An exploratory approach was used in the study; by conducting a case study on two selected Non Profit Orgaisations (NPOs) namely, Hope for Life and Bophelong Life Community Hospice, both receiving funding from the Department of Health and Social Development and from the National Lotteries Distribution Trust (NLDTF) through the National Lotteries Board (NLB). Three methods of data collection were used to triangulate data, i.e. questionnaires, interviews and documentation reviews. Data was collected from staff members, NPO management and documentation from NPOs and Grant Funding System of the NLB. At the end of the study and using acquired information, a number of recommendations are made for the effective implementation of programmes for both NPOs and funding organisations such as NLB.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Msomi, Sweetness Mbalenhle
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Public health -- Evaluation , Public health personnel -- Education -- South Africa -- City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality , Nonprofit organizations -- South Africa -- City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9178 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020139
- Description: This research study investigated the impact of staff education levels in ensuring implementation of effective health programmes: A comparative study of NPOs in City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The literature that was consulted explains the current level of education, worldwide and South Africa, challenges and reasons for lack of critical skills among health professionals and social workers. An exploratory approach was used in the study; by conducting a case study on two selected Non Profit Orgaisations (NPOs) namely, Hope for Life and Bophelong Life Community Hospice, both receiving funding from the Department of Health and Social Development and from the National Lotteries Distribution Trust (NLDTF) through the National Lotteries Board (NLB). Three methods of data collection were used to triangulate data, i.e. questionnaires, interviews and documentation reviews. Data was collected from staff members, NPO management and documentation from NPOs and Grant Funding System of the NLB. At the end of the study and using acquired information, a number of recommendations are made for the effective implementation of programmes for both NPOs and funding organisations such as NLB.
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- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of socio-economic development initiatives on the perceptions of wine farm labourers in the Cape Town wine region
- Authors: Prosapio, Luci Katherine
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Economic development -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Cape Town , Agricultural laborers -- South Africa -- Economic conditions , Economic impact analysis -- South Africa -- Cape Town
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9231 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021013
- Description: The South African wine industry faces unique challenges in the socio-economic development of its farm labourers due to its historical context and development over the past three centuries. A long history of malpractice, a lasting paternalistic mentality, and only partial compliance to regulations to reduce inequality and improve livelihoods for farm labourers hinders the success of industry-wide transformation. Despite studies regarding the current state of living and working conditions in the wine industry and types of socio-economic development needed for successful transformation, little research has been done to address whether these initiatives are creating a lasting impact on the well-being of labourers. Research on current intervention strategies aimed at empowering labourers must take into account the origin of wine in the Cape region, the legacy of Apartheid, and the current state of socio-economic inequality amongst wine industry workers. The purpose of this research is to provide a better understanding of how and to what degree initiatives and programmes designed for socio-economic development are actually making an impact within the industry. The central research question asks: “to what extent has socio-economic development initiatives aimed at the transformation of wine farm labourers influenced perceptions of well-being?” This research combines both document analysis and qualitative comparative case study methods in assessing the impact these initiatives have had on labourers’ perceptions and attitudes towards personal development and a better standard of living. At the end of the study, the researcher wants to know how the labourers perceive socio-economic initiatives; do they actually believe themselves has having gained increased levels of respect, dignity, and equality, and have these perceptions been impacted by current socio-economic initiatives?.
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- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Prosapio, Luci Katherine
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Economic development -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Cape Town , Agricultural laborers -- South Africa -- Economic conditions , Economic impact analysis -- South Africa -- Cape Town
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9231 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021013
- Description: The South African wine industry faces unique challenges in the socio-economic development of its farm labourers due to its historical context and development over the past three centuries. A long history of malpractice, a lasting paternalistic mentality, and only partial compliance to regulations to reduce inequality and improve livelihoods for farm labourers hinders the success of industry-wide transformation. Despite studies regarding the current state of living and working conditions in the wine industry and types of socio-economic development needed for successful transformation, little research has been done to address whether these initiatives are creating a lasting impact on the well-being of labourers. Research on current intervention strategies aimed at empowering labourers must take into account the origin of wine in the Cape region, the legacy of Apartheid, and the current state of socio-economic inequality amongst wine industry workers. The purpose of this research is to provide a better understanding of how and to what degree initiatives and programmes designed for socio-economic development are actually making an impact within the industry. The central research question asks: “to what extent has socio-economic development initiatives aimed at the transformation of wine farm labourers influenced perceptions of well-being?” This research combines both document analysis and qualitative comparative case study methods in assessing the impact these initiatives have had on labourers’ perceptions and attitudes towards personal development and a better standard of living. At the end of the study, the researcher wants to know how the labourers perceive socio-economic initiatives; do they actually believe themselves has having gained increased levels of respect, dignity, and equality, and have these perceptions been impacted by current socio-economic initiatives?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of social grants on poverty reduction
- Authors: Magawana, Xolisa Tania
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Poverty -- Economic aspects , Economic development , Social problems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9170 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020106
- Description: The South African government implements numerous strategies with the aim of reducing poverty. The social grant system is one of these. Social grants are aimed at reducing poverty as well as income inequality. Considering the growing number of social grant beneficiaries, people often question whether these grants reduce poverty and, if they do, whether they are effective.This treatise investigates the impact of social grants in poverty reduction. In order to investigate this, the researcher used the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, as a study area. This study examines the different views of social grants beneficiaries, and the importance of prioritisation when using this unearned money. It alsoinvestigates the role played by the heads of household and shows how beneficiaries’ locations can influence the use of unearned income. Social grants dispense little money, but the researcher discovered that the responsibility of spending and allocating the money lies with the head of household. The descriptive statists show that social grants have created dependency and that families require exit strategies to stop depending entirely on these grants. Findings from the correlation matrix show both positive and negative correlations. Finally, the study has identified the need for an integrated strategy that will not only provide income, but that will also improve the lives of South Africans.
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- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Magawana, Xolisa Tania
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Poverty -- Economic aspects , Economic development , Social problems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9170 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020106
- Description: The South African government implements numerous strategies with the aim of reducing poverty. The social grant system is one of these. Social grants are aimed at reducing poverty as well as income inequality. Considering the growing number of social grant beneficiaries, people often question whether these grants reduce poverty and, if they do, whether they are effective.This treatise investigates the impact of social grants in poverty reduction. In order to investigate this, the researcher used the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, as a study area. This study examines the different views of social grants beneficiaries, and the importance of prioritisation when using this unearned money. It alsoinvestigates the role played by the heads of household and shows how beneficiaries’ locations can influence the use of unearned income. Social grants dispense little money, but the researcher discovered that the responsibility of spending and allocating the money lies with the head of household. The descriptive statists show that social grants have created dependency and that families require exit strategies to stop depending entirely on these grants. Findings from the correlation matrix show both positive and negative correlations. Finally, the study has identified the need for an integrated strategy that will not only provide income, but that will also improve the lives of South Africans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of oil price volatility on economic growth in South Africa: a cointegration approach
- Authors: Matekenya, Weliswa
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/876 , vital:26505
- Description: Oil is an essential commodity in the South African economy and a source of energy that is used for electricity generation, heating, and cooking. It is vital for the transportation system on which the very livelihood of the economy depends. 14% of South African primary energy needs are met by oil while 95% of crude oil is imported, primarily, from Saudi Arabia and Iran. This study investigates the impact of oil price volatility on economic growth in South Africa from 1994Q1-2010Q4. The study employs the VECM and shows that there exists both a long run and short run relationship between the following variables: crude oil price, GDP, gross fixed investment, real interest rate and real exchange rate. In a long-run analysis there is a positive relationship between oil price and GDP while there is negative relationship in the short-run. The study also shows that, as an oil importing country, South Africa‟s economic growth depends on imported oil which makes the country vulnerable to oil price shocks. Based on the findings of this study it is recommended that policy interventions should include both monetary and fiscal policies. It is in this regard that promoting a regional integration in order to reduce oil dependence, by optimizing electricity supplies across the region, is essential. This will improve efficiency and, owing to economies of scale, lower generation costs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Matekenya, Weliswa
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/876 , vital:26505
- Description: Oil is an essential commodity in the South African economy and a source of energy that is used for electricity generation, heating, and cooking. It is vital for the transportation system on which the very livelihood of the economy depends. 14% of South African primary energy needs are met by oil while 95% of crude oil is imported, primarily, from Saudi Arabia and Iran. This study investigates the impact of oil price volatility on economic growth in South Africa from 1994Q1-2010Q4. The study employs the VECM and shows that there exists both a long run and short run relationship between the following variables: crude oil price, GDP, gross fixed investment, real interest rate and real exchange rate. In a long-run analysis there is a positive relationship between oil price and GDP while there is negative relationship in the short-run. The study also shows that, as an oil importing country, South Africa‟s economic growth depends on imported oil which makes the country vulnerable to oil price shocks. Based on the findings of this study it is recommended that policy interventions should include both monetary and fiscal policies. It is in this regard that promoting a regional integration in order to reduce oil dependence, by optimizing electricity supplies across the region, is essential. This will improve efficiency and, owing to economies of scale, lower generation costs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of mining on infrastructure development and poverty reduction in mining communities
- Authors: Xongo, Nosipho
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Mineral industries -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , Mineral industries -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Economic development -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Poverty -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9309 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018576
- Description: There is a growing concern from government, communities, civil society and mining companies on the sustained development of the impact of mining on communities and the benefits of mineral development. Communities are more vocal in expressing their expectations for benefits and on the other hand mines are concerned about profits and maintaining a social licence to operate. This study critically evaluates the impact mining has on socio-economic development in mining communities. The focus area of the study is the West Rand District Municipality in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The ‘impact’ refers to the mine’s contribution to infrastructure development and poverty reduction projects in areas where the mine is operating and sourcing labour from. Forecasts for better performance in the future will be assessed. Issues such as community consultation, identification of projects, development forums, the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and partnerships are addressed. The literature was reviewed from existing national and international research on the topic. The study starts from two assumptions. The first is that minerals are potentially a great resource of wealth for poor countries. The second assumption is that minerals have the potential to benefit the local population through the creation of indirect employment, skills transfer, enhancing the capacity of health and education services, improved infrastructure and small and medium business opportunities. Poverty levels are viewed on a national and international scale. The study reveals problems, with existing approaches, on mine community development. It concludes that the impact of mining on infrastructure development and poverty reduction projects can be huge, but only if a variety of demanding preconditions are met. The study concludes that the reality of mineral led development in mine communities has not lived up to a roaring promise.
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- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Xongo, Nosipho
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Mineral industries -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , Mineral industries -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Economic development -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Poverty -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9309 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018576
- Description: There is a growing concern from government, communities, civil society and mining companies on the sustained development of the impact of mining on communities and the benefits of mineral development. Communities are more vocal in expressing their expectations for benefits and on the other hand mines are concerned about profits and maintaining a social licence to operate. This study critically evaluates the impact mining has on socio-economic development in mining communities. The focus area of the study is the West Rand District Municipality in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The ‘impact’ refers to the mine’s contribution to infrastructure development and poverty reduction projects in areas where the mine is operating and sourcing labour from. Forecasts for better performance in the future will be assessed. Issues such as community consultation, identification of projects, development forums, the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and partnerships are addressed. The literature was reviewed from existing national and international research on the topic. The study starts from two assumptions. The first is that minerals are potentially a great resource of wealth for poor countries. The second assumption is that minerals have the potential to benefit the local population through the creation of indirect employment, skills transfer, enhancing the capacity of health and education services, improved infrastructure and small and medium business opportunities. Poverty levels are viewed on a national and international scale. The study reveals problems, with existing approaches, on mine community development. It concludes that the impact of mining on infrastructure development and poverty reduction projects can be huge, but only if a variety of demanding preconditions are met. The study concludes that the reality of mineral led development in mine communities has not lived up to a roaring promise.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of minimum sentence legislation on South African criminal law
- Authors: Du Plessis, Jan Andriaan
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Sentences (Criminal procedure) -- South Africa , Capital punishment -- South Africa , Human rights -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:10182 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020037x
- Description: The Criminal Law Amendment Act introduced a scheme where minimum sentences are prescribed for serious offences into the South African Criminal Law. The limitations put on the courts’ sentencing discretion were not received with unanimous approval from all quarters. The Constitutional Court declared the general working of the Act to be constitutional soon after its inception. Specific provisions pertaining to certain offences remained unpopular. The hefty sentence of 15 years imprisonment prescribed for the possession of a semi-automatic firearm is put forward as an example in this regard. High Courts avoid the minimum sentence prescribed for this offence by using different interpretational methods. Despite the sense of animosity towards the unfair contents of this provision, no ruling is made on the constitutionality thereof. An apparent deference towards the legislature could be detected on the part of the judiciary. South African jurisprudence discourages our courts to rule on the constitutionality of a law. It is only done when the defect could not be remedied by any other available means. The reluctance of our courts to make a ruling on the constitutionality of the semi-automatic provision does not promote legal certainty. High Courts attach different interpretations to the “true intention” of the legislature in order to bypass this provision. Logic dictates that inexperienced presiding officers with inferior interpretational skills would continue to hand down the minimum sentence while it remains on the law books. A sentence of fifteen years is also prescribed for robbery with aggravating circumstances. The existing common law on the interpretation of the definition of this offence provides for a wide range of human conduct to be included. Case law could be expected where the courts deviate from the prescribed sentence on a regular basis. This unscientific approach should be discouraged and a rethinking of the boundaries of this offence is suggested. The Act is doing more harm than good to our Criminal Law. The legislature could still provide other visible measures against serious crime without invading the sentencing discretion of the judiciary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Du Plessis, Jan Andriaan
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Sentences (Criminal procedure) -- South Africa , Capital punishment -- South Africa , Human rights -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:10182 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020037x
- Description: The Criminal Law Amendment Act introduced a scheme where minimum sentences are prescribed for serious offences into the South African Criminal Law. The limitations put on the courts’ sentencing discretion were not received with unanimous approval from all quarters. The Constitutional Court declared the general working of the Act to be constitutional soon after its inception. Specific provisions pertaining to certain offences remained unpopular. The hefty sentence of 15 years imprisonment prescribed for the possession of a semi-automatic firearm is put forward as an example in this regard. High Courts avoid the minimum sentence prescribed for this offence by using different interpretational methods. Despite the sense of animosity towards the unfair contents of this provision, no ruling is made on the constitutionality thereof. An apparent deference towards the legislature could be detected on the part of the judiciary. South African jurisprudence discourages our courts to rule on the constitutionality of a law. It is only done when the defect could not be remedied by any other available means. The reluctance of our courts to make a ruling on the constitutionality of the semi-automatic provision does not promote legal certainty. High Courts attach different interpretations to the “true intention” of the legislature in order to bypass this provision. Logic dictates that inexperienced presiding officers with inferior interpretational skills would continue to hand down the minimum sentence while it remains on the law books. A sentence of fifteen years is also prescribed for robbery with aggravating circumstances. The existing common law on the interpretation of the definition of this offence provides for a wide range of human conduct to be included. Case law could be expected where the courts deviate from the prescribed sentence on a regular basis. This unscientific approach should be discouraged and a rethinking of the boundaries of this offence is suggested. The Act is doing more harm than good to our Criminal Law. The legislature could still provide other visible measures against serious crime without invading the sentencing discretion of the judiciary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013