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Up Beat Issue Number 4 1992

- SACHED

Authors: SACHED
Date: 1992
Subjects: SACHED
Language: English
Type: text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116237 , vital:34342
Description: Conflict is OK. Violence is not! You can disagree with someone else’s views. But you can’t punch them! Conflict is a normal part of life. We are all different and want different things. As a result we often fight with the people around us - our family, friends and neighbours. You like rap but your boyfriend likes disco. You want to go out but your mom says stay at home. Every day Upbeat receives lots of letters from our readers. Many of the letters are about violence. There are stories about violence in the street and poems pleading for peace. There are letters seeking help in solving battles with boyfriends and parents. Readers tell us frightening tales about violence between gangs at school and students who hold different political views. The problem seems too big to solve. You may think our leaders should sort it out. But we can all do something to help build peace in our country. In this issue we start an exciting new series called ‘Be a peacemaker’. It is about how to tackle conflict without screaming, blaming or punching the person you are fighting with. Learn to be a peacemaker at home, school and in your community. YOU can make a difference. You can’t avoid conflicts in your life. But you can learn to 'fight fair’. Don’t forget! If you have ideas that you want to share or a story to tell - write to us. If you need advice on careers or sex education - let us know. Sometimes all it takes is a little bit of advice and information to make you feel better and get you on the move again.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Making pupils think: the development of a microcomputer-inspired adaptation of the Standard 7 mathematics curriculum

- Norman, Maxie

Authors: Norman, Maxie
Date: 1992
Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Data processing Computer-assisted instruction
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
Identifier: vital:1667 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003550
Description: This half-thesis gives an overview of the influence of the microcomputer on the way in which mathematics is done, taught and learnt. The nature of mathematics and the nature of the tutor, tool and tutee modes of microcomputer usage are discussed as background. A case is made for the use of action research methods and a classroom-based curriculum development model to facilitate innovation and the integration of the microcomputer into the mathematics classroom. A curriculum development cycle of situation analysis. planning, trial and evaluation is advocated. This approach is used to develop a microcomputer-based course aimed at enhancing the reasoning skills of standard 7 pupils. Pupils, working in groups of three, interact with the PROLOG system to build up databases of facts and rules. The microcomputer is used in tutee mode. In "teaching" this tutee, pupils discover the need for formal language and logical reasoning. Active learning is promoted by pupils' interaction with the PROLOG system and by discussions within groups. In this environment the teacher becomes a consultant and constructive critic rather than a lecturer. Findings suggest that the microcomputer plays an important role in terms of pupil motivation and that the microcomputer-based course enables pupils to experience formal language usage and logical reasoning·as relevant activities. Pupil databases provide evidence of the pupils' ability to make appropriate use of rules and to distinguish between and-conditions and or-conditions. The objective of making pupils think was largely achieved. It is recommended that the course be incorporated in the standard 1 or standard 8 curriculum to complement or replace parts of the Euclidean geometry sections as a vehicle for developing logical reasoning skills. Suggestions for the further use of the microcomputer as an investigative tool in mathematics classes and for further microcomputer-inspired courses are also made. The provision of appropriate training to enable teachers to make effective and innovative use of the microcomputer in mathematics lessons is advocated.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Chemical and spectroscopic studies of chromone derivatives

- Davidson, Deborah Nicole

Authors: Davidson, Deborah Nicole
Date: 1992
Subjects: Chromatophores Plant pigments Asthma -- Treatment -- Research
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
Identifier: vital:4420 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006857
Description: Various chromone derivatives have been used in asthma therapy, and their biological activity is apparently related to certain chemical features which include conformation and acidity. In the present study, substituent effects on conformation and acidity have been explored in chromone systems with potential biological activity. A range of variously substituted symmetrical chromone-2-carboxamides (including a series of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides) have been prepared via chromone-2-carboxylic acids, which, in turn, were prepared from the corresponding o-hydroxyacetophenones. The N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides were prepared by reacting the appropriate chromone-2-carbonyl chlorides with dimethylammonium chloride in pyridine, in an approach which resolved various problems encountered in the preparation of these compounds. Substituent effects on the conformation of chromone-2-carboxamides have been explored using dynamic NMR spectroscopy, and the observed splitting of the N-alkyl signals has been attributed to slow site-exchange of the N-alkyl substituents. Dynamic NMR frequency separations and coalescence temperatures have been used to calculate rotational energy barriers, and substituent effects on these rotational energy barriers have been analysed. The possible implication of ring-opening of chromones in chromone pharmacology has also been examined. A range of 3-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)acrylamides has been prepared via the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides and the E-double-bond configuration of the ring-opened products has been unambiguously established by single crystal analysis of the parent system. The configuration and conformation of the crystal structure of the parent system have been shown, using IR and NMR spectroscopic, and molecular graphics techniques, to be maintained in solution and to characterise the whole series. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy have also been used to study the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of disodium cromoglycate. The kinetics of the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides have been studied using UV spectroscopy. These reactions have been shown to follow third-order kinetics overall and a mechanism accommodating the observed third-order kinetics has been proposed. Substituent effects have been further investigated by the potentiometric determination of the pKa (pK [subscript a]) values for a series of chromone-2-carboxylic acids. The relationship between acidity and the observed rate constants has been explored and has verified that the observed rate constants are sensitive to the influence of meta-substituents on the stability of the phenoxide ion "leaving group" rather than C-2 electrophilicity.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Mtsitso 1

- Venancio Mbande and his Chopi timbila xylophone group, Tracey, Andrew T N

Authors: Venancio Mbande and his Chopi timbila xylophone group , Tracey, Andrew T N
Date: 1992
Subjects: Chopi (African people) -- South Africa , Folk music , Xylophone music , Rattle (Musical instrument) , Drum (Musical instrument) , Africa South Africa Rustenburg f-sa
Language: Chopi
Type: sound recordings , field recordings , Sound recording material
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/96402 , vital:31272 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC049a-01
Description: Traditional dance song accompanied by timbila xylophone rattles and one drum
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Date Issued: 1992

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Mgeniso

- Venancio Mbande and his Chopi timbila xylophone group, Tracey, Andrew T N

Authors: Venancio Mbande and his Chopi timbila xylophone group , Tracey, Andrew T N
Date: 1992
Subjects: Chopi (African people) -- South Africa , Folk music , Xylophone music , Rattle (Musical instrument) , Drum (Musical instrument) , Africa South Africa Rustenburg f-sa
Language: Chopi
Type: sound recordings , field recordings , Sound recording material
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/96448 , vital:31278 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC049a-07
Description: Traditional dance song accompanied by timbila xylophone rattles and one drum
Full Text: false
Date Issued: 1992

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The role of the teachers' centre in the professional development and in-service training of teachers with specific reference to the East London Teachers' Centre

- Badenhorst, John Henry

Authors: Badenhorst, John Henry
Date: 1992
Subjects: Teachers -- In-service training -- South Africa , Education -- South Africa -- East London , Professional education -- South Africa , Educational change -- South Africa
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
Identifier: vital:1755 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003639 , Teachers -- In-service training -- South Africa , Education -- South Africa -- East London , Professional education -- South Africa , Educational change -- South Africa
Description: Teachers' Centres are one of the means whereby teachers needs for in-service education and training (Inset) can be met. The professional basis of Teachers' Centres as providers of in-service education and training derives from the need of teachers to develop professionally throughout their careers. Aspects which need to be considered are the need for professional growth and the professional nature of teaching. The effective provision of in-service training requires a knowledge of effective in-service training practise and the barriers that could be encountered in presenting it. Central to any Inset for teachers would be the teachers' needs for such activity. Following on a general statement of teachers needs for Inset the role of the Teachers' Centre in meeting these needs will be examined. Teachers' Centres have specific advantages in meeting certain areas of need for Inset by teachers. A knowledge of the professional activities of teachers activity and methods of establishing the needs for Inset of teachers should promote the effective provision of these programmes. The teacher as an adult learner is important to effective Teachers' Centre operation and the nature of adult learning and variables which affect it will determine the Teachers' Centre reaction in providing Inset. Subject study group activity is very important in Teachers' Centres in the Cape Province and the principles involved in their operation together with practical considerations regarding their operation are important in the provision of Inset. The practical application of theory is illustrated by examples from the East London Teachers' Centre with an emphasis on organisation and the creation of a climate within the Centre for the existence of study groups. The presentation methods used in these study group activities are important and will vary according to the needs of the study group. The selection of methods together with the organisation of presentations and practical methods used in presentation will have an important effect on how they operate. Teachers' Centres have a role to play in promoting change and innovation in schools. The theories of promoting innovation and the roles of the change agent are important. Practical examples from the East London Teachers' Centre are provided. This research, thus, provides a theoretical study of the role of Teachers' Centres in meeting some of the inset needs of teachers as well as practical examples of such activities.
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Date Issued: 1992

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In vitro diffusion cell design and validation. II. Temperature, agitation and membrane effects on betamethasone 17-valerate permeation

- Smith, Eric W, Haigh, John M

Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
Date: 1992
Language: English
Type: text , Article
Identifier: vital:6422 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006557
Description: An in vitro permeation cell has been designed and validated for use in monitoring the transmembrane permeation of betamethasone 17-valerate. The design utilizes common laboratory equipment and incorporates as many beneficial features as possible from other designs. The importance of fully validating the hydrodynamic performance of the cell prior to experimentation is stressed. The cell was validated by monitoring the diffusion of betamethasone 17-valerate in isopropyl myristate solution into purified isopropyl myristate receptor phase at different temperatures, different agitation rates and through different synthetic and biological membranes. The results of the hydrodynamic validation agree with data from other researchers and show that the permeation cell is adequately sensitive to these experimental parameters. The results of the membrane evaluation allow appropriate selection of the barrier material for representative transdermal experiments to be conducted. While human and porcine stratum corneum/epidermis are similar in diffusive properties, hairless mouse skin appears to be the most convenient animal membrane for these studies. Although silicone and cellulose membranes appear to be useful in this application, porous filter membranes and egg-shell membranes are insufficiently discriminatory to betamethasone 17-valerate diffusion to provide useful in vitro permeation data.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Transkei College of Education students' perceptions of fieldwork in geographical education

- Ngquba, Tokozile

Authors: Ngquba, Tokozile
Date: 1992
Subjects: Geography -- Fieldwork -- Study and teaching Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Transkei
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
Identifier: vital:1806 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003691
Description: The understanding of geographical concepts and the development of skills requires the use of appropriate teaching strategies. Modern school geography incorporates a wealth of techniques and embraces a wide range of strategies which are directly suited to achieve the aims which are central to current geographical education. Techniques which directly involve the learner are perceived to be the most valuable. Of the many participatory strategies suited to the teaching of geography, fieldwork is accepted as the most worthwhile. This study investigates student teachers' perceptions of fieldwork in their college studies and as a teaching strategy. Extensive literature on fieldwork in geographical education was analysed. A survey was conducted to assess the student teachers' fieldwork experiences. The results reveal that fieldwork is neglected in Transkeian schools and Colleges of Education, despite the fact that it is required by school syllabuses, and the fact that in many areas suitable sites are readily accessible. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made for the inclusion of fieldwork in geography courses at Transkei Colleges of Education.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Mtsitso 5

- Venancio Mbande and his Chopi timbila xylophone group, Tracey, Andrew T N

Authors: Venancio Mbande and his Chopi timbila xylophone group , Tracey, Andrew T N
Date: 1992
Subjects: Chopi (African people) -- South Africa , Folk music , Xylophone music , Rattle (Musical instrument) , Drum (Musical instrument) , Africa South Africa Rustenburg f-sa
Language: Chopi
Type: sound recordings , field recordings , Sound recording material
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/96439 , vital:31276 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , ATC049a-05
Description: Traditional dance song accompanied by timbila xylophone rattles and one drum
Full Text: false
Date Issued: 1992

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Nickel sulphide mineralization associated with Archean komatiites

- Lane, Monica Leonie

Authors: Lane, Monica Leonie
Date: 1992
Subjects: Nickel sulfide , Geology, Stratigraphic -- Archaean
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: vital:4982 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005594 , Nickel sulfide , Geology, Stratigraphic -- Archaean
Description: The distribution of Archean Nickel sulphide deposits reflects tectonic controls operating during the evolution of the granitoid greenstone terrains. Important deposits of komatiitic-affinity are concentrated within, and adjacent to, younger (∼2.7 Ga), rift-related greenstone belts (e.g. Canada, Western Australia and Zimababwe). Two important classes of Archean Nickel sulphide deposits exist, formerly known as "Dunitic" and "Peridotitic", these are now referred to as Group I and Group II deposits, based on their characteristic structure and composition. Mineralization varies from massive and matrix to disseminated, and is nearly always concentrated at the base of the host unit. Primary ores have a relatively simple mineralogy, dominated by pyrrhotite-pentlandite-pyrite, and to a lesser degree millerite. Metamorphic grades tend to range from prehnite-pumpellyite facies through to lower and upper amphibolite facies. Genesis of Group I and II deposits is explained by the eruption of komatiites into rift-phase greenstone belts, as channelized flows, which assimilated variable amounts of footwall rocks during emplacement. Sulphide saturation was dependent on the mode of emplacement and, the amount of sulphidic sediments that became assimilated prior to crystallization. This possibly accounts for variations in ore tenor. The Six Mile Deposit (SMD) in Western Australia, is an adcumulate body of the Group IIB-type, exhibiting disseminated mineralization. The ore has been "upgraded" due to hydration and serpentinization. A profound weathering sequence exists, which was subsequently utilized during initial exploration. Exploration techniques has been focused on Western Australia, as it is here that the most innovative ideas have emerged.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Aspects of the biology of two inshore sparid fishes (Diplodus sargus capensis and Diplodus cervinus hottentotus) off the south-east coast of South Africa

- Mann, Bruce Quintin

Authors: Mann, Bruce Quintin
Date: 1992
Subjects: Sparidae , Diplodus
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: vital:5222 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005065 , Sparidae , Diplodus
Description: The blacktail, Diplodus sargus capensis and the zebra, Diplodus cervinus hottentotus, sparid fishes endemic to South Africa, are important components of the recreational shore-fishery. To provide a basis for the management of these fish, aspects of the biology of both species were investigated in the Tsitsikamma National Park (TNP). In particular, the role of the TNP was evaluated as a management option for the conservation of both species. Examination of stomach contents showed that juveniles of both species fed predominantly on amphipods, polychaetes and harpacticoid copepods. Adult !h. sargus were omnivorous and fed opportunistically on a wide variety of reef associated invertebrates and algae including echinoids, polychaetes, anthozoans, ascidians and rhodophytes. The diet of adult D. cervinus was more specialized with a preference shown for polychaetes and amphipods. Seasonal differences were apparent in the diets of both species where considerably more amphipods were consumed in winter than in summer. Feeding requirements of both species were reflected in their habitat preferences. Visual underwater assessment revealed that both species were most abundant on turbulent inshore reefs (1-10m). !h. sargus were observed over a wide variety of reef associated habitats. In the literature they have also been recorded in the surf zone of sandy beaches and in the lower reaches of estuaries. !h. cervinus, on the other hand, were more specific in their habitat requirements and were observed in greatest abundance on inshore reefs, often in close association with caves or overhangs. A comparison between the relative abundance and size structure of both species in the TNP with that of an exploited area immediately adjacent to the reserve, showed no significant differences. This was attributed to the low level of exploitation by rock-and-surf anglers occurring in the exploited study area, as well as the possibility of seeding of eggs and larvae, or emigration of adults from the TNP. An investigation of the reproductive biology of both fish showed that !h. sargus had an extended summer spawning season while in !h. cervi nus it was more restricted. Detailed histological examination of gonadal development showed that !h. sarqus were dygynous with partial protandry occuring in the male population. ~ cervinus were shown to be rudimentary hermaphrodites. Size at 50% maturity in ~ sargus and ~ cervinus was determined at 225 and 285mm fork length respectively, corresponding to ages of 4 and 6 years. An age and growth study based on the examination of sectioned otoliths showed that both species were slow growing capable of reaching ages in excess of 20 years. Growth in ~ sargus and ~ cervinus was described by the von Bertalanffy growth equations: L(t) = 309.44(1-e-0 . 247[t+l. 048 l) and L(t) = 396.85(1-e-0.146[t+2.148J) respectively. Life history characteristics of D. sargus and D. cervinus including slow growth, late maturation and occupation of a localised, demersal habitat showed that both species were vulnerable to the effects of over-fishing. Due to the present increase in the number of participants and the decrease in catch per unit effort in the recreational shore-fishery, more stringent management recommendations were proposed to ensure the adequate protection of both species. These included an increased minimum size limit and a decreased bag limit for both species. Based on the residency shown by both species and their high relative abundance in the TNP, marine reserves were considered to be a valuable addition to the suite of management options available for the conservation of these species . In this respect the reserve provided both protection for the spawner stock as well as the potential to seed adjacent areas.
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Date Issued: 1992

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A consideration of the usefulness of Medard Boss's approach to dream explication, in an attempt to reveal the potential for forward movement

- Hill, Patricia Margaret

Authors: Hill, Patricia Margaret
Date: 1992
Subjects: Boss, Medard, 1903-1990 , Dream interpretation -- Case studies
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: vital:3212 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012271 , Boss, Medard, 1903-1990 , Dream interpretation -- Case studies
Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of using a Daseinsanalytic approach to dream explication in order to reveal the essential meaningfulness of behaviourial possibilities for the patient. After discussing the Daseinsanalytic view on dream explication, emphasizing Medard Boss's approach as the major exponent of this view, the study explores the usefulness and validity of the study as a method of investigating the dreams from this perspective. The dreams related in this study are examined individually, giving a phenomenological understanding of each and also providing a possible prospective focus for therapy. It will be shown that the phenomenological understanding of the patient's dreams corresponds with his subjective experience of his emotional existential situation and that any positive changes in the content of the dreams over time corresponds with observable and related changes in his behaviour, ideation and mood. However, if the suggested prospective focus of Medard Boss had been more usefully employed when each dream was explicated in the therapy sessions, it is felt that the progress of therapy would have been greatly enhanced. This study therefore concludes that the use of Medard Boss's approach to dream explication has not only a hermeneutic value in the process of therapy, but also aids the dreamer in becoming aware of the possible modes of behaviour yet unrevealed in his waking life.
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Date Issued: 1992

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The administration and organisation of independent study topics with special reference to secondary school geography

- Van Harmelen, U

Authors: Van Harmelen, U
Date: 1992
Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching (Secondary) , Project method in teaching
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
Identifier: vital:1419 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003300
Description: Traditional school subjects are having to compete for a place in a curriculum which is increasingly judged according to its perceived utilitarian value. According to current educational theory, geography's role in the curriculum is to develop concepts, skills, values and attitudes that allow pupils to understand the human and environmental issues which face their communities and communities throughout the world. In order to achieve these aims, teachers need to adopt a learner-centred teaching approach, yet geography teachers are faced with the dilemma of having to develop participatory teaching strategies within an existing structure which is largely product oriented. This thesis attempts to illustrate how changes can be effected in the approach to the teaching of geography, while working within existing syllabus constraints and while continuing to meet the demands made by the current examination system. To this end, Independent Study Topics are analysed as a means to bring about the desired changes in geographical education. The concept, Independent Study Topics as a 'blanket term' (Diepeveen, 1986) for pupil-centred activities is relatively recent in terms of the South African geography syllabus. In order to obtain greater clarity about the concept and its implications for geography teaching, this study examines current geographical theory relating to learner-centred approaches and relates them to teachers' perceptions of the role of IST in the geography curriculum. The second aspect of the study is concerned with the implementation of Independent Study Topics in a classroom research setting. The organisation and administration of Independent Study Topics in a single school setting is analysed and evaluated as a process of change. This analysis provides guidelines for developing a learner-centred approach which is necessary to ensure that geography retains its position in the school curriculum of the 1990's and beyond.
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Date Issued: 1992

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A study of the alkaloid content of the Senecio speciosus/Macrocephalus complex

- Grue, Margaret Ruth

Authors: Grue, Margaret Ruth
Date: 1992
Subjects: Alkaloids -- Research , Pyrrolizidines -- Research , Botanical chemistry
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: vital:4362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005027 , Alkaloids -- Research , Pyrrolizidines -- Research , Botanical chemistry
Description: The isolation and identification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various plant species from 1988 to May 1991 are reviewed and the alkaloids of two indigenous plant species, Senecio speciosus Willd and Senecio macrocephalus DC, were investigated. A brief review of the methods used for isolation and identification of pyrrolizidines is also given. S. speciosus was found to contain two new alkaloids, 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylheliotridine and 7-isosarracinyl-9- sarracinyl-heliotridine, which were identified using highfield NMR techniques. A number of other alkaloids were tentatively identified using GC-MS. S. macrocephalus contains very little alkaloid, but a number of pyrrolizidine alkaloids were tentatively identified using GC-MS. Standard alkaloids for GC-MS work were obtained both by extraction from a number of plant species and by synthesis of simple monoester alkaloids. In this process the alkaloid neosarracine, previously described by GC-MS, was isolated and NMR data for this compound are reported for the first time. S. speciosus and S. macrocephalus are morphologically very similar and their counterparts in the Grahamstown district exhibit features characteristic of both species. This could be due to hybridization, genetic mutation or simple variation within the species. The alkaloids of four local plant populations were examined in order to collect taxonomic markers whereby it was hoped that the Grahamstown plants could be satisfactorily classified. Three of the plant populations were found to contain 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylheliotridine and 7-angelyl-9-sarracinyl-heliotridine. One population was found to contain the known alkaloid retrorsine along with the new alkaloid 2-hydroxy-l, 2-dihydrosenkirkine. The alkaloidal fractions of all four populations were compared using GC-MS and NMR techniques. Tentative taxonomic conclusions were drawn.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Social development: theory, practice and evaluation

- Henderson, Thelma M

Authors: Henderson, Thelma M
Date: 1992
Subjects: Social service -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Social service -- Evaluation , Community development -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Rhodes University. Centre for Social Development
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
Identifier: vital:697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006418
Description: Prior to 1976 few facilities and projects existed to serve the underprivileged communities in Grahamstown. Numerous attempts to establish development programmes had failed. From 1976 to 1981 informal attempts were initiated and a number of community based facilities were established. From 1981 to 1991 the Centre for Social Development assumed responsibility for this work and was able, with an enlarged staff, to inaugurate a wide range of projects and programmes. These cater to thousands of deprived people and enable them and their children to realise an improved quality of life. The dynamic processes and policies which have been employed are investigated. The value of this work is noteworthy because of the limited number of research papers on indigenous grassroots development projects in South Africa. The methods which have been utilised to enable unemployed people to play meaningful roles in their own communities are investigated. These include the establishment of much needed facilities and the in-service training of workers and committee teams to run and service them. Of particular importance is the role and structure of the Centre as an umbrella and resource organisation. The work of the Centre and its projects is described and evaluated. The qualitative, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive methods are used. The relationships between social welfare, community work and social planning are considered in relation to the theoretical base of the Centre. The situation in the Black and Coloured townships of Grahamstown, where most of the projects are located, is described with special reference to population, housing, basic services, crime and disease. Reasons for the high unemployment rates are enumerated. Various development models are described and their strengths and weaknesses assessed. Of particular significance are the origins of the Centre, the qualities brought to the project by the founding Director, its fundraising techniques, and procedures for training, supervision and project support. Aspects of development strategy not stressed in the literature, but of particular importance in the South African situation, are highlighted. These include the basic necessity for adequate financing, the provision of bursaries for tertiary study, the importance of nutritious food, the creation of job opportunities and the value of child centred projects as an access to the wider community. The necessity of financial control in the individual projects is also stressed. The primary aim of this work is to ascertain how projects have been established and maintained in a community where nothing on this scale has been attempted before. A secondary objective has been to find the theoretical base that best suits the work of the Centre. This is the social planning model in the social welfare field
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Date Issued: 1992

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