An existential-phenomenological explication of the older person's perception of anticipated death
- Authors: du Plessis, Christine Edna
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Death -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:2905 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002070
- Description: This study attempts to explore, both theoretically and empirically, death anxiety across the lifespan in Western society. Six elderly women between the ages of 75 and 90 years were interviewed about their current perceptions and attitudes toward their anticipated deaths, and to what extent these perceptions may have altered over the course of the life cycle. It was hypothesized that an acceptance of religion and a belief in an afterlife existence; a sense of having experienced death before, in seeing loved ones die; and a feeling of having lived a meaningful life through the reminiscence of past events would all facilitate an older person's acceptance of anticipated death. An existential phenomenological explication of the protocols revealed that: religion need not necessarily play a major role in this regard; both the life reminiscence process and having experienced death before in seeing loved ones die facilitated acceptance of death; older persons are prepared for death in the sense of experiencing a feeling that their life cycles have been completed; although death may not be feared, many fears of dying are prevalent. It was thus concluded from this study that, although death is not a major preoccupation of the older person, it does still play a significant role in the lives of the elderly in that being aware of impending death allows the older person to regulate her life according to ̕̕̕̕̕ʾtime-left-to-liveʾ
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: du Plessis, Christine Edna
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Death -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:2905 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002070
- Description: This study attempts to explore, both theoretically and empirically, death anxiety across the lifespan in Western society. Six elderly women between the ages of 75 and 90 years were interviewed about their current perceptions and attitudes toward their anticipated deaths, and to what extent these perceptions may have altered over the course of the life cycle. It was hypothesized that an acceptance of religion and a belief in an afterlife existence; a sense of having experienced death before, in seeing loved ones die; and a feeling of having lived a meaningful life through the reminiscence of past events would all facilitate an older person's acceptance of anticipated death. An existential phenomenological explication of the protocols revealed that: religion need not necessarily play a major role in this regard; both the life reminiscence process and having experienced death before in seeing loved ones die facilitated acceptance of death; older persons are prepared for death in the sense of experiencing a feeling that their life cycles have been completed; although death may not be feared, many fears of dying are prevalent. It was thus concluded from this study that, although death is not a major preoccupation of the older person, it does still play a significant role in the lives of the elderly in that being aware of impending death allows the older person to regulate her life according to ̕̕̕̕̕ʾtime-left-to-liveʾ
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Theory in interpretive psychology - with special reference to Paul Ricoeur's interpretation of Freud
- Authors: Du Toit, Barry
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939 , Ricœur, Paul , Psychoanalysis
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2906 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002071
- Description: The thesis aims to show that, while an interpretive psychology is not compatible with theory as it occurs in the predictive- causal explanation of the natural sciences, it is both possible and necessary to develop a concept of theory valid within an interpretive methodology. These claims are advanced in the course of an examination of Ricoeur 's interpretation of Freudian psychoanalysis. After examining some traditional ways in which phenomenological psychology has responded to the psychoanalytic challenge, the thesis presents an interpretation of Freudian psychoanalysis as a hermeneutic approach which utilized theoretical constructions in a productive way, although distorted by Freud's natural-scientific self- understanding. Freud's causal-explanatory language and natural- scientific meta theory are shown to be significant inasmuch as they provide a vehicle for theory construction in psychoanalysis. However, since the theory is modeled on that of the natural sciences, it proves incompatible with the interpretive aspects of Freud's approach. We then establish a concept of theory and of causal analysis which is different to that of the natural sciences, and is compatible with, and indeed founded in, an interpretive approach to psychology. These concepts are then illustrated in the context of psychoanalysis. In the final chapter the advantages of the use of theory in interpretive psychology are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Theory in interpretive psychology - with special reference to Paul Ricoeur's interpretation of Freud
- Authors: Du Toit, Barry
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939 , Ricœur, Paul , Psychoanalysis
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2906 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002071
- Description: The thesis aims to show that, while an interpretive psychology is not compatible with theory as it occurs in the predictive- causal explanation of the natural sciences, it is both possible and necessary to develop a concept of theory valid within an interpretive methodology. These claims are advanced in the course of an examination of Ricoeur 's interpretation of Freudian psychoanalysis. After examining some traditional ways in which phenomenological psychology has responded to the psychoanalytic challenge, the thesis presents an interpretation of Freudian psychoanalysis as a hermeneutic approach which utilized theoretical constructions in a productive way, although distorted by Freud's natural-scientific self- understanding. Freud's causal-explanatory language and natural- scientific meta theory are shown to be significant inasmuch as they provide a vehicle for theory construction in psychoanalysis. However, since the theory is modeled on that of the natural sciences, it proves incompatible with the interpretive aspects of Freud's approach. We then establish a concept of theory and of causal analysis which is different to that of the natural sciences, and is compatible with, and indeed founded in, an interpretive approach to psychology. These concepts are then illustrated in the context of psychoanalysis. In the final chapter the advantages of the use of theory in interpretive psychology are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
The promotion of a racially integrated Catholic community at King William's Town : challenges and opportunities
- Authors: Fahy, Paul
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Apartheid -- South Africa -- Religious aspects -- Catholic Church
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:1218 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001548
- Description: Taking as its point of departure the model of the Church as a sacrament of unity, this study explores its implications for the fostering of a racially integrated Catholic community within an apartheid society. The particular context within which the investigation is conducted is the Sacred Heart Church, King William's Town, where the writer is pastor to a multiracial congregation. A dialogical approach is adopted between theology and praxis, in terms of which the data from a social analysis of the community are brought into a creative dialogue with the Vatican II vision of the Church. Findings from the analysis show that the attitudes of congregants to a racially integrated community are generally ambivalent. Historical, theological, psychosocial and political factors are seen to play an important role in shaping these attitudes. Arising from the dialogue between theology and praxis, the model of a pilgrim Church suggests itself as more relevant and realistic. This model constitutes a proximate goal. The sacrament model of the Church provides direction and focus for the pilgrim Church and is viewed as the ultimate goal. These models must be seen as complementary. The study concludes with a pastoral plan aimed at attaining the goals described. The main thrust of this plan is directed at changing congregants' attitudes to a racially integrated community. The strategies suggested involve the motivation of congregants to become actively involved, the transformation of congregants' attitudes, the promotion of a positive attitude to conflict and the challenging of apartheid structures. A differential approach is suggested in the pursuit of these objectives. A final conclusion to be drawn from this study is that the search for community is never-ending and that the fostering of a racially integrated Catholic community is a slow and painful process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Fahy, Paul
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Apartheid -- South Africa -- Religious aspects -- Catholic Church
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:1218 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001548
- Description: Taking as its point of departure the model of the Church as a sacrament of unity, this study explores its implications for the fostering of a racially integrated Catholic community within an apartheid society. The particular context within which the investigation is conducted is the Sacred Heart Church, King William's Town, where the writer is pastor to a multiracial congregation. A dialogical approach is adopted between theology and praxis, in terms of which the data from a social analysis of the community are brought into a creative dialogue with the Vatican II vision of the Church. Findings from the analysis show that the attitudes of congregants to a racially integrated community are generally ambivalent. Historical, theological, psychosocial and political factors are seen to play an important role in shaping these attitudes. Arising from the dialogue between theology and praxis, the model of a pilgrim Church suggests itself as more relevant and realistic. This model constitutes a proximate goal. The sacrament model of the Church provides direction and focus for the pilgrim Church and is viewed as the ultimate goal. These models must be seen as complementary. The study concludes with a pastoral plan aimed at attaining the goals described. The main thrust of this plan is directed at changing congregants' attitudes to a racially integrated community. The strategies suggested involve the motivation of congregants to become actively involved, the transformation of congregants' attitudes, the promotion of a positive attitude to conflict and the challenging of apartheid structures. A differential approach is suggested in the pursuit of these objectives. A final conclusion to be drawn from this study is that the search for community is never-ending and that the fostering of a racially integrated Catholic community is a slow and painful process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Aspekte van die Judaïes-Christelike en die Boeddhistiese in die poësie van Breyten Breytenbach
- Authors: Ferreira, Jeanette
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Breytenbach, Breyten Afrikaans poetry -- History and criticism , Breytenbach, Breyten -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3574 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002097
- Description: Concepts of life and death, time and self-denial are investigated in the poetry of Breyten Breytenbach, with specific reference to the similarities and differences between the Judeo-Christian and the Buddhist traditions. Biblical references in the poetry are examined, and their underlying concepts compared to related concepts in Tantric Buddhism and Zen-Buddhism. The conclusion is drawn that the biblical concepts are transposed in the poetry in order to create Buddhist concepts of life and death, time and a form of self-denial. De-sacralisation of the Christian. concepts is inevitable in this creative process. However, the primary intention of the author is not de-sacralisation, but the implementation 'of the Buddhist philosophy of life in which everything is experienced as "totally one". A comparison between the reconstructed intended reader of Breytenbach's poetry and elements of the Afrikaans reading public suggests that political comment on segregated South African society is intended. Breytenbach's poetry is compared to canonized Afrikaans poetry with respect to Buddhist influence, national protest, aspiration to holiness and transposed biblical concepts. The conclusion is that his poetry is highly innovative in these respects. In the broader spectrum of South African literature his poetry is compared, with reference to transposed biblical concepts and national protest, to the poetry of Black poets writing in English, and (where material is available) to those writing in Afrikaans. The conclusion is that Breytenbach's poetry is strongly linked to this poetry. However, the complexity of Breytenbach's poetry, and the advanced aesthetic level and linguistic code required of the intended reader determine his placing within the canon of Afrikaans poetry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Ferreira, Jeanette
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Breytenbach, Breyten Afrikaans poetry -- History and criticism , Breytenbach, Breyten -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3574 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002097
- Description: Concepts of life and death, time and self-denial are investigated in the poetry of Breyten Breytenbach, with specific reference to the similarities and differences between the Judeo-Christian and the Buddhist traditions. Biblical references in the poetry are examined, and their underlying concepts compared to related concepts in Tantric Buddhism and Zen-Buddhism. The conclusion is drawn that the biblical concepts are transposed in the poetry in order to create Buddhist concepts of life and death, time and a form of self-denial. De-sacralisation of the Christian. concepts is inevitable in this creative process. However, the primary intention of the author is not de-sacralisation, but the implementation 'of the Buddhist philosophy of life in which everything is experienced as "totally one". A comparison between the reconstructed intended reader of Breytenbach's poetry and elements of the Afrikaans reading public suggests that political comment on segregated South African society is intended. Breytenbach's poetry is compared to canonized Afrikaans poetry with respect to Buddhist influence, national protest, aspiration to holiness and transposed biblical concepts. The conclusion is that his poetry is highly innovative in these respects. In the broader spectrum of South African literature his poetry is compared, with reference to transposed biblical concepts and national protest, to the poetry of Black poets writing in English, and (where material is available) to those writing in Afrikaans. The conclusion is that Breytenbach's poetry is strongly linked to this poetry. However, the complexity of Breytenbach's poetry, and the advanced aesthetic level and linguistic code required of the intended reader determine his placing within the canon of Afrikaans poetry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Geological control of aquifer properties of the Chuniespoort Group in the Klip River Valley and Natalspruit Basin, Transvaal
- Foster, Michael Benedict John
- Authors: Foster, Michael Benedict John
- Date: 1988 , 2013-03-08
- Subjects: Hydrogeology -- South Africa -- Transvaal , Aquifers -- South Africa -- Transvaal , Water supply -- South Africa -- Transvaal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4881 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013338
- Description: The aquifer of the study area occupies an escarpment and low lying limestone plain, and exhibits a Vaal River type karst. The four dolomitic formations present fall into two distinct aquifer forming types; chert poor units and chert rich units. The chert poor units of the Oaktree and Lyttelton Formations were deposited in a subtidal environment and were probably dolomi tised in a migrating schizohaline environment during basin subsidence and shoreline trangression. The chert rich units of the Monte Christo and Eccles Formations were deposited in the shallow subtidal to supratidal zones and the interbedded chert and dolomites may result from minor cyclical marine trangressions and regressions or be a geochemical response to the periodic flooding of freshwater carbonate and flats and tidal deltas. These fundamental geological differences are reflected in correspondingly different development of karst. Transmissive zones in the chert poor units are generally discrete solution features in massive dolomite, 1 m to 2 m thick. Transmissive zones in the chert rich units comprise thick (up to 60 m) and extremely weathered chert with a high void content resulting from the dissolution of carbonate material. The relative importance of various geological features to the development of the karst was assessed using information from two extensive hydrogeological investigations of the area. From the results it bas been concluded that lithostratigraphy, including the occurrence of palaeokarstic horizons, is the major control of aquifer properties. All other geological features are of lesser importance but may nevertheless be associated with enhanced transmissivi ties in any given unit. Faults and lineaments are the structural features most widely associated with highly transmissive zones. The knowledge gained in this study is applicable elsewhere as the principal hydrogeological characteristics of the study area are common to many of the Chuniespoort Group aquifers in the Pretoria - Witwatersrand - Vereeniging Region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Foster, Michael Benedict John
- Date: 1988 , 2013-03-08
- Subjects: Hydrogeology -- South Africa -- Transvaal , Aquifers -- South Africa -- Transvaal , Water supply -- South Africa -- Transvaal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4881 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013338
- Description: The aquifer of the study area occupies an escarpment and low lying limestone plain, and exhibits a Vaal River type karst. The four dolomitic formations present fall into two distinct aquifer forming types; chert poor units and chert rich units. The chert poor units of the Oaktree and Lyttelton Formations were deposited in a subtidal environment and were probably dolomi tised in a migrating schizohaline environment during basin subsidence and shoreline trangression. The chert rich units of the Monte Christo and Eccles Formations were deposited in the shallow subtidal to supratidal zones and the interbedded chert and dolomites may result from minor cyclical marine trangressions and regressions or be a geochemical response to the periodic flooding of freshwater carbonate and flats and tidal deltas. These fundamental geological differences are reflected in correspondingly different development of karst. Transmissive zones in the chert poor units are generally discrete solution features in massive dolomite, 1 m to 2 m thick. Transmissive zones in the chert rich units comprise thick (up to 60 m) and extremely weathered chert with a high void content resulting from the dissolution of carbonate material. The relative importance of various geological features to the development of the karst was assessed using information from two extensive hydrogeological investigations of the area. From the results it bas been concluded that lithostratigraphy, including the occurrence of palaeokarstic horizons, is the major control of aquifer properties. All other geological features are of lesser importance but may nevertheless be associated with enhanced transmissivi ties in any given unit. Faults and lineaments are the structural features most widely associated with highly transmissive zones. The knowledge gained in this study is applicable elsewhere as the principal hydrogeological characteristics of the study area are common to many of the Chuniespoort Group aquifers in the Pretoria - Witwatersrand - Vereeniging Region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
An investigation of the sources and supply of coarse sediment input to a semi-arid channel reach
- Authors: Frauenstein, Glenn Gavin
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Sedimentation and deposition -- Arid regions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4803 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001903
- Description: This study comprises an investigation of the source and supply of coarse sediment input to a semi-arid channel reach. Despite a growing body of lIterature documentIng research of various aspects of sediment response in semi-arId areas, few studies attempt to integrate processes active in specific source areas wIth sediment supply to the channel. Detailed In the present study is an account of the processes active in the study area, identifIcation of source environments, a discussion of some of the factors affecting supply, a comparison of the effectiveness of gravItatIonal and fluvIal supply processes and an estImatIon of the time sequence of sediment supply to and removal from a channel reach. The above aspects of sediment supply are embodied In the aims set for the study. The study is conceptualIsed withIn the framework of a coarse sedIment supply model. The model is formulated from supporting literature and tested in the light of the results obtained through an investigation of the above aspects of sediment supply in the specIfic study area. The model is prImarily a qualitative one and the data collected intended to strengthen the qualitative nature of the model, while at the same time add at least some measure of quantification. Several reasons for studyIng coarse sediment behavIour in semI-arid areas are identIfied and include the need to improve the present lack of understanding of the relatIonship between supply and removal of sediment, the temporal dIstributIon of sediment discharge and the relatIve contrIbutions of coarse sediment to the overall load of rivers. The study area is located within the semi-arid Ecca basin north-east of Grahamstown. A specifIc channel reach is chosen withIn a sub-catchment (catchment B) of the Ecca catchment area as it has a variety of channel bank environments, is accessible through the entire reach, and the proximity of a raingauge and flow measurIng weir provide the necessary hydrometeorological inputs. The methods of observing sediment response from five data collection sites Include the use of slope or bank base sediment traps, erosion pins, tracer particle monitoring. sequential photographic surveys, and channel bed surface profile surveys. Hydrometeorological data is provided by records drawn from the data bank at the Hydrological Research Unit. Rhodes University. All rainfall records as well as channel flow data are available in the form of continuous records. Rainfall amount and intensity for any period could be extracted from these records. Data collection is confined to a period of two years, during which time the study area was visited on an approximate monthly basis. The index of erosivity (EI₃₀) could also be calculated from the hydrometeorological records and has been used as an integrated measure of rainfall intensity over the monthly period between site visits. The results are presented on a sample day for sample day basis. The sediment response data together with hydrological data is represented graphically for each sample day, of which there were nineteen. Discussion and interpretation of the results is left to a separate chapter. The interpretation of the results are based largely upon graphical representation of data time series and of interrelationships between some of the variables measured. The limited number of sample days together with the assumed auto correlation present in much of the data precluded the use of simple statistical testing procedures. The use of more complex procedures is not considered worthwhile and is unlikely to add to the interpretation of the results. Bedrock weathering is found to be a fairly active producer of coarse sediment on exposed shale bedrock outcrops through which sections of the channel are cut. The transport of the weathered detritus to the channel is attributed to a combination of gravitational and fluvial transport processes, with each process dominating at different times, depending on the magnitude of the climatic input. A tentative comparison of the effectiveness of the two processes reveals that both are capable of transporting similar amounts of sediment but on different time scales. The trends of sediment supply from the various bank environments display remarkable similarity , suggesting a measure of consistency of response to climatic input through the entire reach. Source areas of coarse sediment identified were limited to a small percentage of the total valley area and consisted almost entirely of the immediate channel environment. A tributary gully appears to be an important source of coarse sediment during fluvially dominated supply episodes, while the channel banks supply sediment on a quasi-continuous basis. The total yields for each source environment were extrapolated from the sampled amounts, revealing that channel banks are the predominant source environments. An attempt is made to assess the role of various factors which might affect sediment supply. The factors include rainfall amount and intensity, channel flow, geology/lithology, dip of strata, aspect of channel banks and size of weathered material. The findings, though not conclusive, do give some indication of the role of the above factors. It is suggested though that this particular aspect of sediment supply receive further attention in future research. Discussion on the time sequence of supply to and removal from the channel draws attention to a pulse- like movement of sediment 'waves' through the channel, and two scales of removal-accumulation cycles are identified. Finally the validity of the model is assessed and with the exception of a tributary inflow process not envisaged in the original model, is found to be an accurate representation of sediment supply in semi-arid areas, in both its static and dynamic phases. The suggestion is offered that future research on the sediment supply system, in all climatic regimes, can be conceptualised within the context of the basic model proposed in the present study. Specific components of the model should be quantified by numerous individual research efforts, and in this way, serve to build up the model into a widely applicable tool with which to interpret sediment supply
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Frauenstein, Glenn Gavin
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Sedimentation and deposition -- Arid regions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4803 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001903
- Description: This study comprises an investigation of the source and supply of coarse sediment input to a semi-arid channel reach. Despite a growing body of lIterature documentIng research of various aspects of sediment response in semi-arId areas, few studies attempt to integrate processes active in specific source areas wIth sediment supply to the channel. Detailed In the present study is an account of the processes active in the study area, identifIcation of source environments, a discussion of some of the factors affecting supply, a comparison of the effectiveness of gravItatIonal and fluvIal supply processes and an estImatIon of the time sequence of sediment supply to and removal from a channel reach. The above aspects of sediment supply are embodied In the aims set for the study. The study is conceptualIsed withIn the framework of a coarse sedIment supply model. The model is formulated from supporting literature and tested in the light of the results obtained through an investigation of the above aspects of sediment supply in the specIfic study area. The model is prImarily a qualitative one and the data collected intended to strengthen the qualitative nature of the model, while at the same time add at least some measure of quantification. Several reasons for studyIng coarse sediment behavIour in semI-arid areas are identIfied and include the need to improve the present lack of understanding of the relatIonship between supply and removal of sediment, the temporal dIstributIon of sediment discharge and the relatIve contrIbutions of coarse sediment to the overall load of rivers. The study area is located within the semi-arid Ecca basin north-east of Grahamstown. A specifIc channel reach is chosen withIn a sub-catchment (catchment B) of the Ecca catchment area as it has a variety of channel bank environments, is accessible through the entire reach, and the proximity of a raingauge and flow measurIng weir provide the necessary hydrometeorological inputs. The methods of observing sediment response from five data collection sites Include the use of slope or bank base sediment traps, erosion pins, tracer particle monitoring. sequential photographic surveys, and channel bed surface profile surveys. Hydrometeorological data is provided by records drawn from the data bank at the Hydrological Research Unit. Rhodes University. All rainfall records as well as channel flow data are available in the form of continuous records. Rainfall amount and intensity for any period could be extracted from these records. Data collection is confined to a period of two years, during which time the study area was visited on an approximate monthly basis. The index of erosivity (EI₃₀) could also be calculated from the hydrometeorological records and has been used as an integrated measure of rainfall intensity over the monthly period between site visits. The results are presented on a sample day for sample day basis. The sediment response data together with hydrological data is represented graphically for each sample day, of which there were nineteen. Discussion and interpretation of the results is left to a separate chapter. The interpretation of the results are based largely upon graphical representation of data time series and of interrelationships between some of the variables measured. The limited number of sample days together with the assumed auto correlation present in much of the data precluded the use of simple statistical testing procedures. The use of more complex procedures is not considered worthwhile and is unlikely to add to the interpretation of the results. Bedrock weathering is found to be a fairly active producer of coarse sediment on exposed shale bedrock outcrops through which sections of the channel are cut. The transport of the weathered detritus to the channel is attributed to a combination of gravitational and fluvial transport processes, with each process dominating at different times, depending on the magnitude of the climatic input. A tentative comparison of the effectiveness of the two processes reveals that both are capable of transporting similar amounts of sediment but on different time scales. The trends of sediment supply from the various bank environments display remarkable similarity , suggesting a measure of consistency of response to climatic input through the entire reach. Source areas of coarse sediment identified were limited to a small percentage of the total valley area and consisted almost entirely of the immediate channel environment. A tributary gully appears to be an important source of coarse sediment during fluvially dominated supply episodes, while the channel banks supply sediment on a quasi-continuous basis. The total yields for each source environment were extrapolated from the sampled amounts, revealing that channel banks are the predominant source environments. An attempt is made to assess the role of various factors which might affect sediment supply. The factors include rainfall amount and intensity, channel flow, geology/lithology, dip of strata, aspect of channel banks and size of weathered material. The findings, though not conclusive, do give some indication of the role of the above factors. It is suggested though that this particular aspect of sediment supply receive further attention in future research. Discussion on the time sequence of supply to and removal from the channel draws attention to a pulse- like movement of sediment 'waves' through the channel, and two scales of removal-accumulation cycles are identified. Finally the validity of the model is assessed and with the exception of a tributary inflow process not envisaged in the original model, is found to be an accurate representation of sediment supply in semi-arid areas, in both its static and dynamic phases. The suggestion is offered that future research on the sediment supply system, in all climatic regimes, can be conceptualised within the context of the basic model proposed in the present study. Specific components of the model should be quantified by numerous individual research efforts, and in this way, serve to build up the model into a widely applicable tool with which to interpret sediment supply
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
What makes a painting good?: an enquiry into the criteria used in evaluation
- Authors: Frost, Lola
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Painting -- Appreciation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2461 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008542
- Description: From introduction: "To affirm that a work of art is good or bad is to commend or condemn, but not describe . Thus criticism does not, and cannot, have the impersonal character and strict rules applicable independently of time and place," .. . (Macdonald 1966: 111) "Criticism and appraisal, too, are more like creation than like demonstration and proof." (Macdonald 1966: 112) This essay articulates evaluatory criteria that are used by both critics and laymen and which are cross -culturally applicable. Thus it seeks to articulate relatively objective types of criteria which we all use when evaluating paintings. This essay articulates fixed and objective criteria, but within these categories recognizes that there is much room for skillful, sympathetic and knowledgeable criticism. Thus criticism is a creative act. These objectively- articulated criteria are best seen as aids to, rather than carbon copies, for evaluation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Frost, Lola
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Painting -- Appreciation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2461 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008542
- Description: From introduction: "To affirm that a work of art is good or bad is to commend or condemn, but not describe . Thus criticism does not, and cannot, have the impersonal character and strict rules applicable independently of time and place," .. . (Macdonald 1966: 111) "Criticism and appraisal, too, are more like creation than like demonstration and proof." (Macdonald 1966: 112) This essay articulates evaluatory criteria that are used by both critics and laymen and which are cross -culturally applicable. Thus it seeks to articulate relatively objective types of criteria which we all use when evaluating paintings. This essay articulates fixed and objective criteria, but within these categories recognizes that there is much room for skillful, sympathetic and knowledgeable criticism. Thus criticism is a creative act. These objectively- articulated criteria are best seen as aids to, rather than carbon copies, for evaluation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
An analysis of the relationship between the sources of conflict and the stages in the conflict process within the marketing channel comprising retail pharmacy managers and medical doctors
- Authors: Futter, William Thomas
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Medicine -- Formulae, receipts, prescriptions -- Marketing , Marketing channels , Marketing research , Drugs -- Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1161 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001628
- Description: Marketing channels have traditionally been examined as commercial conduits the sale objective of which was to facilitate the flow of goods from producer to consumer. This approach emphasized functional and structural aspects of the channel and was primarily concerned with the efficiency of the distribution system. During the last two decades, marketing channels have increasingly been viewed as social systems affected by the behavioural dimensions of power, conflict, roles and communication. The rapid growth of vertical marketing systems with greater authority and interdependence between channel members, have stimulated interest in this field. Nevertheless, research has been limited and characterized by methodological problems and conceptual differences about the definitions of behavioural variables and their relationships. Some attempts have been made to develop an integrated framework within which to conduct research into channel relationships, but the validity and relaibility of these models has not been tested. This research project examined the relationship between the sources of conflict and stages in the conflict process. The sources of conflict were subdivided into attitudinal and structural categories, the latter being concerned with goal differences, the desire for autonomy in the face of interdependence and competition for scarce resources. The conflict process model adopted by the author assumes the existence of stages of latency, feeling, perception, manifestation and aftermath in each conflict episode. The first four were treated as separate behavioural states for which different levels of conflict intensity were measured. In order to provide greater explanatory power to the results of the analysis, the perceptions of two respondent groups were identified, namely the leader group, consisting of channel members responsible for the overall strategic interests of the channel, and the affected group, consisting of channel members who had been adversly affected by the activities of their partners in the channel dyad. In addition, respondents were asked to identify separately, their perceptions of the macro and micro levels of conflict in the four conflict states. The marketing channel for prescription medicines was selected for the study. The focal dyad consisted of retail pharmacy managers and doctors with single respondent perceptual measures being obtained from the retail pharmacy managers. A mail survey of all the retail pharmacy managers in South Africa, South West Africa/Namibia, and the independent homelands conducted in July 1987 resulted in a 40% response rate (1031 returns). Tests indicated statistically significant differences between the perceptual measures representing the sources and stages of conflict, the macro and micro levels of the stages of conflict and between the leader and the non-leader groups and the affected and non-affected groups. A sequential hierarchy in the level of conflict measured in the behavioural states was indicated, with decreasing levels of conflict being identified in states of latency, perception, feeling and manifestations, respectively. An analysis of the results revealed that attitudinal sources of conflict were more important that structural sources in measures of perceptions, feelings and manifestations of conflict behaviour. In the latent conflict state, structural sources assumed greater importance than attitudinal sources. In most of the measures, the sources of conflict were more correlated with perceptions of conflict at the macro level than the micro level. The exception was manifest conflict for which micro conflict levels were more important. The major sources of conflict were differences in perceptions, differences in goals and the lack of autonomy. The leader group indicated a particular concern for attitudinal factors, particularly communication difficulties. The affected group, whilst identifying attitudinal factors as being the most important, was especially concerned with their lack of autonomy from the doctor, rather than the competition for scarce resources which could have been expected. An overall assessment of the level of conflict between retail pharmacy managers and doctors indicated that the channel dyad was relatively free from conflict. Relationships were characterized by a degree of satisfaction, some degree of harmony and little evidence of conflict behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Futter, William Thomas
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Medicine -- Formulae, receipts, prescriptions -- Marketing , Marketing channels , Marketing research , Drugs -- Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1161 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001628
- Description: Marketing channels have traditionally been examined as commercial conduits the sale objective of which was to facilitate the flow of goods from producer to consumer. This approach emphasized functional and structural aspects of the channel and was primarily concerned with the efficiency of the distribution system. During the last two decades, marketing channels have increasingly been viewed as social systems affected by the behavioural dimensions of power, conflict, roles and communication. The rapid growth of vertical marketing systems with greater authority and interdependence between channel members, have stimulated interest in this field. Nevertheless, research has been limited and characterized by methodological problems and conceptual differences about the definitions of behavioural variables and their relationships. Some attempts have been made to develop an integrated framework within which to conduct research into channel relationships, but the validity and relaibility of these models has not been tested. This research project examined the relationship between the sources of conflict and stages in the conflict process. The sources of conflict were subdivided into attitudinal and structural categories, the latter being concerned with goal differences, the desire for autonomy in the face of interdependence and competition for scarce resources. The conflict process model adopted by the author assumes the existence of stages of latency, feeling, perception, manifestation and aftermath in each conflict episode. The first four were treated as separate behavioural states for which different levels of conflict intensity were measured. In order to provide greater explanatory power to the results of the analysis, the perceptions of two respondent groups were identified, namely the leader group, consisting of channel members responsible for the overall strategic interests of the channel, and the affected group, consisting of channel members who had been adversly affected by the activities of their partners in the channel dyad. In addition, respondents were asked to identify separately, their perceptions of the macro and micro levels of conflict in the four conflict states. The marketing channel for prescription medicines was selected for the study. The focal dyad consisted of retail pharmacy managers and doctors with single respondent perceptual measures being obtained from the retail pharmacy managers. A mail survey of all the retail pharmacy managers in South Africa, South West Africa/Namibia, and the independent homelands conducted in July 1987 resulted in a 40% response rate (1031 returns). Tests indicated statistically significant differences between the perceptual measures representing the sources and stages of conflict, the macro and micro levels of the stages of conflict and between the leader and the non-leader groups and the affected and non-affected groups. A sequential hierarchy in the level of conflict measured in the behavioural states was indicated, with decreasing levels of conflict being identified in states of latency, perception, feeling and manifestations, respectively. An analysis of the results revealed that attitudinal sources of conflict were more important that structural sources in measures of perceptions, feelings and manifestations of conflict behaviour. In the latent conflict state, structural sources assumed greater importance than attitudinal sources. In most of the measures, the sources of conflict were more correlated with perceptions of conflict at the macro level than the micro level. The exception was manifest conflict for which micro conflict levels were more important. The major sources of conflict were differences in perceptions, differences in goals and the lack of autonomy. The leader group indicated a particular concern for attitudinal factors, particularly communication difficulties. The affected group, whilst identifying attitudinal factors as being the most important, was especially concerned with their lack of autonomy from the doctor, rather than the competition for scarce resources which could have been expected. An overall assessment of the level of conflict between retail pharmacy managers and doctors indicated that the channel dyad was relatively free from conflict. Relationships were characterized by a degree of satisfaction, some degree of harmony and little evidence of conflict behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Defined by wine : a study of sacramentalism in George Herbertʾs poetry
- Authors: Goddard, Kevin Graham
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Herbert, George, 1593-1633 -- Criticism and interpretation , Christian poetry, English -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2177 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001828
- Description: This dissertation proposes that George Herbertʾs poetry may profitably be understood as a sacramental means by which the divine is made present in temporal existence. In order to support this claim, the relation between sacramental symbolism and literary symbolism, particularly Herbertʾs, is examined from a number of perspectives. The symbolic meanings suggested by Herbertʾs title (The Temple), and their relation to sacramentalism are considered in the opening chapter. This includes a consideration of some of the background to the analogical thinking prevalent in both the seventeenth-century and Herbert. It is followed in the second chapter by an examination of some of the modern theories about how literary symbolism may relate to sacramental symbolism, a discussion which is followed by a consideration of this dissertation's argument in relation to modern scholarship. The chapter ends with a reading of ʺThe Flowerʺ. The third chapter discusses the poet's attempt to imitate the divine by ʺcopyingʺ both Scripture and Nature, and this includes a consideration of the allegorical and hieroglyphic modes of thought prevalent in the poems. The concern with imitation encourages an examination of the poet's frequent invitation for God actually to assume the poet's role, and this is the subject of the fourth chapter. The argument suggests that the poet's attempt to ʺsacrificeʺ his own writing may be seen in his concern with corporate imagery and corporate (impersonal) structures. The five ʺAfflictionʺ poems are examined as examples of the first, while structures such as synecdoche and metonymy are examined as examples of the second. The final chapter considers aspects of narrative time in the poems, particularly the sense often evoked of the eternal being imminent in the present. This involves a consideration of both liturgical imagery, and what may be called liturgical structures as they can be seen to operate in the poems. Particular examples of the latter are the relation between the liturgical anamnesis and the poems, as well as certain narrative structures that may be called ʺachronisticʺ.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Goddard, Kevin Graham
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Herbert, George, 1593-1633 -- Criticism and interpretation , Christian poetry, English -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2177 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001828
- Description: This dissertation proposes that George Herbertʾs poetry may profitably be understood as a sacramental means by which the divine is made present in temporal existence. In order to support this claim, the relation between sacramental symbolism and literary symbolism, particularly Herbertʾs, is examined from a number of perspectives. The symbolic meanings suggested by Herbertʾs title (The Temple), and their relation to sacramentalism are considered in the opening chapter. This includes a consideration of some of the background to the analogical thinking prevalent in both the seventeenth-century and Herbert. It is followed in the second chapter by an examination of some of the modern theories about how literary symbolism may relate to sacramental symbolism, a discussion which is followed by a consideration of this dissertation's argument in relation to modern scholarship. The chapter ends with a reading of ʺThe Flowerʺ. The third chapter discusses the poet's attempt to imitate the divine by ʺcopyingʺ both Scripture and Nature, and this includes a consideration of the allegorical and hieroglyphic modes of thought prevalent in the poems. The concern with imitation encourages an examination of the poet's frequent invitation for God actually to assume the poet's role, and this is the subject of the fourth chapter. The argument suggests that the poet's attempt to ʺsacrificeʺ his own writing may be seen in his concern with corporate imagery and corporate (impersonal) structures. The five ʺAfflictionʺ poems are examined as examples of the first, while structures such as synecdoche and metonymy are examined as examples of the second. The final chapter considers aspects of narrative time in the poems, particularly the sense often evoked of the eternal being imminent in the present. This involves a consideration of both liturgical imagery, and what may be called liturgical structures as they can be seen to operate in the poems. Particular examples of the latter are the relation between the liturgical anamnesis and the poems, as well as certain narrative structures that may be called ʺachronisticʺ.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
The establishment of a Lidar facility at Rhodes University
- Grant, Richard Peter James Seton
- Authors: Grant, Richard Peter James Seton
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Optical radar , LIDAR , Receiver , Transmitter , Photon counting electronics , Aerosol scattering , Temperature profiles , Stratosphere
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5445 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001998
- Description: LIDAR is the optical equivalent of RADAR. A LIDAR facility has been established at Rhodes University using a flashlamp-pumped dye laser as the transmitter and a photomultiplier tube at the focus of a searchlight mirror as the receiver. The setting up of the receiver and transmitter as well as the design and construction of the photon counting electronics is described. The LIDAR has been used to measure aerosol scattering ratios and temperature profiles in the stratosphere and these results are presented with the algorithms and software used to reduce the data. Finally some recommendations are made for future work
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Grant, Richard Peter James Seton
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Optical radar , LIDAR , Receiver , Transmitter , Photon counting electronics , Aerosol scattering , Temperature profiles , Stratosphere
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5445 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001998
- Description: LIDAR is the optical equivalent of RADAR. A LIDAR facility has been established at Rhodes University using a flashlamp-pumped dye laser as the transmitter and a photomultiplier tube at the focus of a searchlight mirror as the receiver. The setting up of the receiver and transmitter as well as the design and construction of the photon counting electronics is described. The LIDAR has been used to measure aerosol scattering ratios and temperature profiles in the stratosphere and these results are presented with the algorithms and software used to reduce the data. Finally some recommendations are made for future work
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Aspects of the biology and population dynamics of the geelbek Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier) (Pisces: Sciaenidae) off the South African coast
- Authors: Griffiths, Marc H
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Sciaenidae -- South Africa Fish populations -- South Africa Atractoscion Atractoscion -- South Africa -- Ecology Atractoscion -- South Africa -- Physiology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5194 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001970
- Description: The geelbek Atractoscion aeguidens is an important commercial and recreational linefish species along the South African eastern seaboard . Aspects of its biology and population dynamics were investigated using data collected from various sampling sites along the South African east coast and from catch statistics obtained from both the Sea Fisheries Research Institute (Cape Town), and dealer records. The biological aspects studied included age and growth, reproduction and feeding. It was established that A. aeguidens is a fast growing species with a relatively late age at sexual maturity and a 1:1 sex ratio. Feeding studies revealed that it has become specialized to feed on small pelagic fish. The South African geelbek stock consists of three distinct age related sub-populations, each representing a particular phase in the life cycle. The sub-adults (1-4 yrs) occur in the South West Cape and feed predominantly on anchovy, Engraulis capensis, which they follow, moving inshore in summer and offshore in winter. The adults (5-9 yrs) undergo a seasonal inshore migration to Natal where they spawn in spring. The dynamics of this migration are strongly influenced by the annual movement of their principal prey viz. , Sardinops ocellatus, to that region. As a result the geelbek first arrive in Natal during mid winter. Evidence is also presented to suggest that a significant number of "adolescent " fish (4-5 yrs) undergo limited gonad maturation and a partial migration to at least as far as the South East Cape. Spawning appears to occur offshore. It is postulated that eggs and larvae are transported southwards by the peripheral waters of the Agulhas Current. After spawning the adults probably remain offshore and use the current to aid their return to the South and South West Cape, where they spend summer feeding on the Agulhas Bank. Juveniles (<1 yr) first appear in the South East Cape between January and March. They apparently use this region as a nursery area for almost a year before moving southwards to join the sub-adults in the South West Cape. In the South East Cape, the juveniles feed initially on mysids whereafter they switch to anchovies and pilchards. A preliminary stock assessment using yield per recruit and spawner biomass per recruit models, indicated that despite the current legislation the South African geelbek population is already overexploited. This is largely attributed to high rates of fishing mortality of the migratory adult population. Further management recommendations are therefore proposed. These include a size limit (660 mm FL), derived from an investigation of the interrelationship between natural mortality and somatic growth in a theoretical unexploited cohort, as well as a uniform bag limit for all user groups (5 fish per person per day)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Griffiths, Marc H
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Sciaenidae -- South Africa Fish populations -- South Africa Atractoscion Atractoscion -- South Africa -- Ecology Atractoscion -- South Africa -- Physiology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5194 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001970
- Description: The geelbek Atractoscion aeguidens is an important commercial and recreational linefish species along the South African eastern seaboard . Aspects of its biology and population dynamics were investigated using data collected from various sampling sites along the South African east coast and from catch statistics obtained from both the Sea Fisheries Research Institute (Cape Town), and dealer records. The biological aspects studied included age and growth, reproduction and feeding. It was established that A. aeguidens is a fast growing species with a relatively late age at sexual maturity and a 1:1 sex ratio. Feeding studies revealed that it has become specialized to feed on small pelagic fish. The South African geelbek stock consists of three distinct age related sub-populations, each representing a particular phase in the life cycle. The sub-adults (1-4 yrs) occur in the South West Cape and feed predominantly on anchovy, Engraulis capensis, which they follow, moving inshore in summer and offshore in winter. The adults (5-9 yrs) undergo a seasonal inshore migration to Natal where they spawn in spring. The dynamics of this migration are strongly influenced by the annual movement of their principal prey viz. , Sardinops ocellatus, to that region. As a result the geelbek first arrive in Natal during mid winter. Evidence is also presented to suggest that a significant number of "adolescent " fish (4-5 yrs) undergo limited gonad maturation and a partial migration to at least as far as the South East Cape. Spawning appears to occur offshore. It is postulated that eggs and larvae are transported southwards by the peripheral waters of the Agulhas Current. After spawning the adults probably remain offshore and use the current to aid their return to the South and South West Cape, where they spend summer feeding on the Agulhas Bank. Juveniles (<1 yr) first appear in the South East Cape between January and March. They apparently use this region as a nursery area for almost a year before moving southwards to join the sub-adults in the South West Cape. In the South East Cape, the juveniles feed initially on mysids whereafter they switch to anchovies and pilchards. A preliminary stock assessment using yield per recruit and spawner biomass per recruit models, indicated that despite the current legislation the South African geelbek population is already overexploited. This is largely attributed to high rates of fishing mortality of the migratory adult population. Further management recommendations are therefore proposed. These include a size limit (660 mm FL), derived from an investigation of the interrelationship between natural mortality and somatic growth in a theoretical unexploited cohort, as well as a uniform bag limit for all user groups (5 fish per person per day)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Towards a portable occam
- Authors: Hill, David Timothy
- Date: 1988 , 2013-03-07
- Subjects: occam (Computer program language) , Transputers , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4587 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004749 , occam (Computer program language) , Transputers , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Description: Occam is designed for concurrent programming on a network of transputers. AIlocation and partitioning of the program is specified within the source code, binding the program to a specific network. An altemative approach is proposed which completely separates the source code from hardware considerations. Static allocation is performed as a separate phase and should, ideally, be automatic but at present is manual. Complete hardware abstraction requires that non-local, shared communication be provided for, introducing an efficiency overhead which can be minimised by the allocation. The proposal was implemented on a network of IBM PCs, modelled on a transputer network, and implementation issues are discussed
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Hill, David Timothy
- Date: 1988 , 2013-03-07
- Subjects: occam (Computer program language) , Transputers , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4587 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004749 , occam (Computer program language) , Transputers , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Description: Occam is designed for concurrent programming on a network of transputers. AIlocation and partitioning of the program is specified within the source code, binding the program to a specific network. An altemative approach is proposed which completely separates the source code from hardware considerations. Static allocation is performed as a separate phase and should, ideally, be automatic but at present is manual. Complete hardware abstraction requires that non-local, shared communication be provided for, introducing an efficiency overhead which can be minimised by the allocation. The proposal was implemented on a network of IBM PCs, modelled on a transputer network, and implementation issues are discussed
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Men's repression of their emotional life as a counterpart of their oppression of women
- Authors: Hine, Grant Burnett
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Men -- Psychology , Masculinity , Sex role , Oppression (Psychology) , Stereotype (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3112 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004593 , Men -- Psychology , Masculinity , Sex role , Oppression (Psychology) , Stereotype (Psychology)
- Description: Masculinity and femininity are taken for granted as being a natural part of everyday existence forming acceptable images of what it means to be a man and a woman. It is revealed that in conforming to the sexual stereotype of what it means to be masculine and feminine, men's repression of their emotional life forms a counterpart of their oppression of women, for the repression of men's emotional life as a process, manifests itself through the oppression of women. The socioeconomic relations, being exploitative in nature, having been obscured and mystified by masculine and feminine forms of false consciousness, justify the prevalent social circumstances by portraying them as natural and inevitable, thus serving to hide the fact that men and women comprise of both, masculine and feminine characteristics. Disclosing the quality of the experience of men's repression of their emotional life as a counterpart of their oppression of women, through qualitative description and reflection, it is evident that individuality and human social relationships are restricted by the constraints of masculine and feminine stereotypes. It is clearly highlighted, that women help to perpetuate the repression of male emotional life and in turn their own oppression through supporting the successful work, status and power oriented 'macho' male. Through the recognition of the pressures, and a re-evaluation of the masculine role, men will no longer see cause to oppress women and through that there will no longer be a need to repress their own emotional life. There is a need for self-reflection in those individuals and groups restricted by the constraints of masculinity and femininity for the realization of new possibilities of enlightened social action and individuality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Hine, Grant Burnett
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Men -- Psychology , Masculinity , Sex role , Oppression (Psychology) , Stereotype (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3112 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004593 , Men -- Psychology , Masculinity , Sex role , Oppression (Psychology) , Stereotype (Psychology)
- Description: Masculinity and femininity are taken for granted as being a natural part of everyday existence forming acceptable images of what it means to be a man and a woman. It is revealed that in conforming to the sexual stereotype of what it means to be masculine and feminine, men's repression of their emotional life forms a counterpart of their oppression of women, for the repression of men's emotional life as a process, manifests itself through the oppression of women. The socioeconomic relations, being exploitative in nature, having been obscured and mystified by masculine and feminine forms of false consciousness, justify the prevalent social circumstances by portraying them as natural and inevitable, thus serving to hide the fact that men and women comprise of both, masculine and feminine characteristics. Disclosing the quality of the experience of men's repression of their emotional life as a counterpart of their oppression of women, through qualitative description and reflection, it is evident that individuality and human social relationships are restricted by the constraints of masculine and feminine stereotypes. It is clearly highlighted, that women help to perpetuate the repression of male emotional life and in turn their own oppression through supporting the successful work, status and power oriented 'macho' male. Through the recognition of the pressures, and a re-evaluation of the masculine role, men will no longer see cause to oppress women and through that there will no longer be a need to repress their own emotional life. There is a need for self-reflection in those individuals and groups restricted by the constraints of masculinity and femininity for the realization of new possibilities of enlightened social action and individuality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
An existential phenomenological study of gaining insight into oneself through perceiving another person
- Authors: Hoek, Trevor Martin
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Self Self-perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3113 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004594
- Description: The aim of this study was to examine the structure of the experience of gaining insight into oneself through perceiving another person. Such a one-to-one situation was selected in order to ensure a minimal level of complexity. The researcher conducted a pilot study in order to check whether people could relate such an experience in response to a long and difficult interview question. One female first year student responded from among a group of thirty to whom the question was posed. She was then interviewed. The data appeared acceptable. This was confirmed after the data analysis using the phenomenological-psychological method of textual analysis. The analysis showed that the subject, while comparing herself with the person whom she was with, discovered that she structured her life too rigidly in her attempt to meet the expectations of others. This discovery gave her the opportunity to restructure her approach to her world and to the others whom she had seen in only a narrow and abstracted way. Lengthier interviews were then conducted with a further six potential subjects. These were then transcribed. Two of those subjects, though, were found to have experienced insight through perceiving more than one other person. The data from the four remaining subjects were then analysed using the phenomenological psychological method. The researcher discovered that insight involves a clarity of perception which is achieved when the person becomes aware of clearly differentiated possibilities; these are revealed to him through his intensely reflecting on where he stands in relation to the other person whom he perceives, or in relation to alternatives revealed to him by the other. The polarities that are revealed allow the person to take up a new approach to his world, since the person discovers that his experience has revealed that he has been inauthentic in his muddled concern about others, and this gives the person a perception of truth that he was previously unaware of. These findings were dialogued with the writing of psychologists and philosophers who have written on the subject of becoming aware of oneself in relation to others.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Hoek, Trevor Martin
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Self Self-perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3113 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004594
- Description: The aim of this study was to examine the structure of the experience of gaining insight into oneself through perceiving another person. Such a one-to-one situation was selected in order to ensure a minimal level of complexity. The researcher conducted a pilot study in order to check whether people could relate such an experience in response to a long and difficult interview question. One female first year student responded from among a group of thirty to whom the question was posed. She was then interviewed. The data appeared acceptable. This was confirmed after the data analysis using the phenomenological-psychological method of textual analysis. The analysis showed that the subject, while comparing herself with the person whom she was with, discovered that she structured her life too rigidly in her attempt to meet the expectations of others. This discovery gave her the opportunity to restructure her approach to her world and to the others whom she had seen in only a narrow and abstracted way. Lengthier interviews were then conducted with a further six potential subjects. These were then transcribed. Two of those subjects, though, were found to have experienced insight through perceiving more than one other person. The data from the four remaining subjects were then analysed using the phenomenological psychological method. The researcher discovered that insight involves a clarity of perception which is achieved when the person becomes aware of clearly differentiated possibilities; these are revealed to him through his intensely reflecting on where he stands in relation to the other person whom he perceives, or in relation to alternatives revealed to him by the other. The polarities that are revealed allow the person to take up a new approach to his world, since the person discovers that his experience has revealed that he has been inauthentic in his muddled concern about others, and this gives the person a perception of truth that he was previously unaware of. These findings were dialogued with the writing of psychologists and philosophers who have written on the subject of becoming aware of oneself in relation to others.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Mathematics and physical science choices made by pupils in selected Eastern Cape high schools: an investigation into the factors influencing the different choice patterns of boys and girls
- Authors: Ilsley, Jeffrey Robert
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Sex differences in education -- South Africa Education, Secondary -- Curricula -- South Africa Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa Physical sciences -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- Psychological aspects Physical sciences -- Study and teaching -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1869 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004750
- Description: The disparate numbers of boys and girls who elect to continue with mathemalics and/or physical science in the higher slandards of the school system has recently attracted much research atlention and the complexity of the interrelaledness of causal factors has become obvious. The broad aim of the study was to investigale the significant drop-out rate of girls at the end of the junior secondary phase of education (approximate age of fourteen lo fifteen). This was to be carried out for mathematics and physical science and undertaken using a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study. The cross-sectional study entailed administering mathematics and physical science attitude questionnaires to 3531 standard six, seven and eight pupils from 4 co-educational, 2 allgirls' and 2 all-boys' schools, from middle and upper socioeconomic communities with similar language and cultural backgrounds . The longitudinal study involved pupils from two coeducational schools and one all-girls' school. It was a progressively-focused study starting with questionnaires administered to 358 standard six girls and boys, narrowing down to questionnaires and interviews used with 50 girls and 28 boys in standard seven and finally to interviews with 10 girls from standard eight. The parents of these ten girls were interviewed at the end of the study. The attilude questionnaires yielded strong sex differences which favoured the boys in both subjects for all the attitudes measured and also pointed to a progressive deterioralion of altitudes over the three-standard span. They also established significant differences in attitudes which favoured the pupils from Single-sex schools. It was further concluded that the girls were more strongly guided by their attitudes when making their subject-choice decisions. In the longitudinal study, reasons were suggested for pupils either taking or dropping mathematics and physical science. The introduction of algebra in the first year of high school presented a problem to pupils. In physical science, electricity was singled out as giving the subject a male bias. Socialization influences in the home were the main issue dealt with from the parent interviews . Sex-roles and stereotypes were dealt with in depth. Recommendations were made involving classroom strategies, curriculum possibilities, school policies and further research
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Ilsley, Jeffrey Robert
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Sex differences in education -- South Africa Education, Secondary -- Curricula -- South Africa Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa Physical sciences -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- Psychological aspects Physical sciences -- Study and teaching -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1869 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004750
- Description: The disparate numbers of boys and girls who elect to continue with mathemalics and/or physical science in the higher slandards of the school system has recently attracted much research atlention and the complexity of the interrelaledness of causal factors has become obvious. The broad aim of the study was to investigale the significant drop-out rate of girls at the end of the junior secondary phase of education (approximate age of fourteen lo fifteen). This was to be carried out for mathematics and physical science and undertaken using a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study. The cross-sectional study entailed administering mathematics and physical science attitude questionnaires to 3531 standard six, seven and eight pupils from 4 co-educational, 2 allgirls' and 2 all-boys' schools, from middle and upper socioeconomic communities with similar language and cultural backgrounds . The longitudinal study involved pupils from two coeducational schools and one all-girls' school. It was a progressively-focused study starting with questionnaires administered to 358 standard six girls and boys, narrowing down to questionnaires and interviews used with 50 girls and 28 boys in standard seven and finally to interviews with 10 girls from standard eight. The parents of these ten girls were interviewed at the end of the study. The attilude questionnaires yielded strong sex differences which favoured the boys in both subjects for all the attitudes measured and also pointed to a progressive deterioralion of altitudes over the three-standard span. They also established significant differences in attitudes which favoured the pupils from Single-sex schools. It was further concluded that the girls were more strongly guided by their attitudes when making their subject-choice decisions. In the longitudinal study, reasons were suggested for pupils either taking or dropping mathematics and physical science. The introduction of algebra in the first year of high school presented a problem to pupils. In physical science, electricity was singled out as giving the subject a male bias. Socialization influences in the home were the main issue dealt with from the parent interviews . Sex-roles and stereotypes were dealt with in depth. Recommendations were made involving classroom strategies, curriculum possibilities, school policies and further research
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
A contribution towards an understanding of the intensive tank culture of an ornamental Cichlid, Aulonocara Baenschi, from Chipoka, Lake Malawi
- Authors: Impson, N D (Neville Dean)
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Nysas, Lake , Cichlids -- Nyasa, Lake -- Physiology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5208 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004596 , Cichlids -- Nysas, Lake , Cichlids -- Nyasa, Lake -- Physiology
- Description: The intensive tank culture of ornamental mouthbrooding cichlids poses several problems which limit their aquaculture potential. This project addressed some of these problems for Aulonocara baenschi. The production of juveniles in 2501 aquaria was accelerated when: a) aquaria were equipped with refuges, b) females of less than 70mm in standard length were used as broodstock, c) mouthbrooding females were replaced with gravid females at seven day intervals, and d) embryos were removed from the mouths of females at replacement times for artificial incubation. Two sex ratios also accelerated juvenile production. The sex ratio (male:females) 1:30 yielded the highest spawning returns per tank, and therefore represented the most effective utilization of aquarium space (a critical consideration for the small-scale culturist). Contrastingly, the sex ratio 1:12 yielded the highest clutch sizes and a high percentage female spawning return, and therefore represented the most effective utilization of broodstock (an important consideration for culturists inhibited by financial constraints or having an abundance of culture vessels). The reproductive behaviour of A. baenschi was described. Emphasis was given to aspects of reproduction of relevance to culture, for example; spawning times and seasons, clutch size and its relationship with female size, age and size of sexes at first spawning, embryo development rate and size of first swimming juveniles. The slow growth rate of juveniles, combined with a late attainment of marketable size (± seven months) was a major limitation affecting the cuIture potential of A. baenschi. Two factors favouring the cuIture of this species was the high survival rate recorded for both adults and juveniles, and the comparatively high prices fetched by fish on domestic wholesale markets (R4,00 per fish). It is recommended that A. baenschi should not be cultured exclusively for the relatively small South African ornamental fish market. A more profitable strategy for domestic culturists should involve a major production effort with A. baenschi and other desirable species of Aulonocara (e.g . A. ethelwynnae; A. hansbaenschi; A. stuartgranti & A. maylandi) for foreign markets (in particular, the U.S.A.; Western Europe & Japan). Not only are these markets massive, but prevailing exchange rates of the Rand with these currencies favour such a strategy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Impson, N D (Neville Dean)
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Nysas, Lake , Cichlids -- Nyasa, Lake -- Physiology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5208 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004596 , Cichlids -- Nysas, Lake , Cichlids -- Nyasa, Lake -- Physiology
- Description: The intensive tank culture of ornamental mouthbrooding cichlids poses several problems which limit their aquaculture potential. This project addressed some of these problems for Aulonocara baenschi. The production of juveniles in 2501 aquaria was accelerated when: a) aquaria were equipped with refuges, b) females of less than 70mm in standard length were used as broodstock, c) mouthbrooding females were replaced with gravid females at seven day intervals, and d) embryos were removed from the mouths of females at replacement times for artificial incubation. Two sex ratios also accelerated juvenile production. The sex ratio (male:females) 1:30 yielded the highest spawning returns per tank, and therefore represented the most effective utilization of aquarium space (a critical consideration for the small-scale culturist). Contrastingly, the sex ratio 1:12 yielded the highest clutch sizes and a high percentage female spawning return, and therefore represented the most effective utilization of broodstock (an important consideration for culturists inhibited by financial constraints or having an abundance of culture vessels). The reproductive behaviour of A. baenschi was described. Emphasis was given to aspects of reproduction of relevance to culture, for example; spawning times and seasons, clutch size and its relationship with female size, age and size of sexes at first spawning, embryo development rate and size of first swimming juveniles. The slow growth rate of juveniles, combined with a late attainment of marketable size (± seven months) was a major limitation affecting the cuIture potential of A. baenschi. Two factors favouring the cuIture of this species was the high survival rate recorded for both adults and juveniles, and the comparatively high prices fetched by fish on domestic wholesale markets (R4,00 per fish). It is recommended that A. baenschi should not be cultured exclusively for the relatively small South African ornamental fish market. A more profitable strategy for domestic culturists should involve a major production effort with A. baenschi and other desirable species of Aulonocara (e.g . A. ethelwynnae; A. hansbaenschi; A. stuartgranti & A. maylandi) for foreign markets (in particular, the U.S.A.; Western Europe & Japan). Not only are these markets massive, but prevailing exchange rates of the Rand with these currencies favour such a strategy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
The profit maximising pricing model
- Authors: Jackson, Cecil Wilfred
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Profit -- Mathematical models , Pricing -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:899 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004597 , Profit -- Mathematical models , Pricing -- Mathematical models
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Jackson, Cecil Wilfred
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Profit -- Mathematical models , Pricing -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:899 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004597 , Profit -- Mathematical models , Pricing -- Mathematical models
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Studies on zooplankton feeding ecology and resource utilization in a sub-tropical hypertrophic impoundment (Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa)
- Authors: Jarvis, Andrew Charles
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Freshwater zooplankton -- Ecology -- South Africa Freshwater zooplankton -- Tropics -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5624 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004600
- Description: Various aspects of the feeding ecology of zooplankton are described for hypertrophic Hartbeespoort Dam, where the phytoplankton is dominated by the cyanophyte Microcystis. The study considers zooplankton succession, community grazing rates, and speciesspecific filtration rates on Microaystis colonies and natural bacterioplankton. Seasonal abundance of the main herbivorous zooplankton between 1981 and 1986 is described both in respect of biomass and specific densities. In situ community grazing rates were measured from January 1983 to March 1985 using 14C-Iabelled Chlorella . Zooplankton succession and community grazing rates are examined in relation to food quantity and quality. Experiments measuring species-specific filtration rates on labelled Chlorella and Microcystis colony fractions revealed low filtration rates for small-bodied cladoceran species on cyanophyte colonies. Daphnia fed significantly on Microcystis colonies up to 60-100 ).μm but Daphnia filtration rates on Chlorella were suppressed by ~707. during the mid-summer increase in Microcystis abundance. Filtration rates of small cladoceran species were not suppressed by MicpocystisJ which was not an important food resource . Cladoceran filtration rate:body length models were developed for Chlorella and Microcystis colony fractions as food. Multiple regression models explained variance in filtration rates on these foods as a function of body length, food type and size, grazer species and temperature (in order of significance). Inclusion of food quality factors such as cyanophyte colony size seems justified in models of plankton feeding in eutrophic or hypertrophic lakes. Methods for in situ measurement of zooplankton filtration rates on 'H-thymidine-Iabelled natural bacteria were improved for use under hypertrophic conditions, and associated isotope-adsorption errors were measured. Community, species-specific and length-specific filtration rates on bacterioplankton were measured (late-spring to late-summer 1986-87) . Ceriodaphnia exhibited no preference for bacteria or Chlorella. Other cladocerans preferred the algal food . Algal/bacterial selectivity coefficients of the zooplankton community revealed an increased algal preference following the mid-summer shift to phytoplankton dominance by largely inedible Microcystis. This implies that bacterioplankton is not an important food resource for the summer cladoceran community. Estimates of the contribution of bacterial carbon to the daily zooplankton carbon requirements are low. The implications of all results are discussed in relation to seasonal succession, the clear-water phase', and biomanipulation in this hypertrophic reservoir.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Jarvis, Andrew Charles
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Freshwater zooplankton -- Ecology -- South Africa Freshwater zooplankton -- Tropics -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5624 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004600
- Description: Various aspects of the feeding ecology of zooplankton are described for hypertrophic Hartbeespoort Dam, where the phytoplankton is dominated by the cyanophyte Microcystis. The study considers zooplankton succession, community grazing rates, and speciesspecific filtration rates on Microaystis colonies and natural bacterioplankton. Seasonal abundance of the main herbivorous zooplankton between 1981 and 1986 is described both in respect of biomass and specific densities. In situ community grazing rates were measured from January 1983 to March 1985 using 14C-Iabelled Chlorella . Zooplankton succession and community grazing rates are examined in relation to food quantity and quality. Experiments measuring species-specific filtration rates on labelled Chlorella and Microcystis colony fractions revealed low filtration rates for small-bodied cladoceran species on cyanophyte colonies. Daphnia fed significantly on Microcystis colonies up to 60-100 ).μm but Daphnia filtration rates on Chlorella were suppressed by ~707. during the mid-summer increase in Microcystis abundance. Filtration rates of small cladoceran species were not suppressed by MicpocystisJ which was not an important food resource . Cladoceran filtration rate:body length models were developed for Chlorella and Microcystis colony fractions as food. Multiple regression models explained variance in filtration rates on these foods as a function of body length, food type and size, grazer species and temperature (in order of significance). Inclusion of food quality factors such as cyanophyte colony size seems justified in models of plankton feeding in eutrophic or hypertrophic lakes. Methods for in situ measurement of zooplankton filtration rates on 'H-thymidine-Iabelled natural bacteria were improved for use under hypertrophic conditions, and associated isotope-adsorption errors were measured. Community, species-specific and length-specific filtration rates on bacterioplankton were measured (late-spring to late-summer 1986-87) . Ceriodaphnia exhibited no preference for bacteria or Chlorella. Other cladocerans preferred the algal food . Algal/bacterial selectivity coefficients of the zooplankton community revealed an increased algal preference following the mid-summer shift to phytoplankton dominance by largely inedible Microcystis. This implies that bacterioplankton is not an important food resource for the summer cladoceran community. Estimates of the contribution of bacterial carbon to the daily zooplankton carbon requirements are low. The implications of all results are discussed in relation to seasonal succession, the clear-water phase', and biomanipulation in this hypertrophic reservoir.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Organisational structures for effective geography teaching in selected medium and large primary schools
- Authors: Kaschula, Nathaniel Ronald
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa Education, Primary -- Research -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1859 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004552
- Description: Effective teaching is determined by a host of factors, not least of which is the educational guidance given to the teacher. This guidance should come about through an effecctively designed support structure initiated by the school principal as part of his management strategy. Very little has been written on this topic, particularly with reference to primary schools. In the past, geography teachers were trained, appointed to a school and expected to get on with their teaching. However, present-day teachers, in order to be effective educators, require in-service training. This should occur In a variety of ways and on a continuous basis, because teaching is an on-going business and not a job to be learned once and for always. This thesis investigates the organisational structures that exist for the teaching of geography in selected medium and large primary schools in the Eastern Cape. The author found that principals used either a subject head or standard head model. In large primary schools a subject head model was preferred i.e. a specialist geography teacher was responslble for developing the subject vertically from standard 2 to 5. The opposite was true in medium-sized schools. Principals of these schools preferred to delegate responsibility to a standard head. It was the duty ot the standard head, usually a generalist teacher without specific training in geography, to develop geography horizontally among, for example, all the standard 3 pupils. The role played by key members of a primary schools' instructional leadership team, namely the principal, subject head, and the standard head are examined in detail. The author offers justification why geography should be included In the primary curriculum. It is his contention that geography contributes to a child's general education, develops basic geographical skills, extends general mental abilities and fosters positive attitudes towards other people with whom he shares this world. A management model is proposed for principals, flexible enough for application in all schools. It is designed to ensure that teachers continue growing professionaIIy within the structure of a small group. There is no best way to organise the teaching of geography because each school has its own unique resources which should be optimally utilised in order to bring about learning. The professional development of geography teachers is possible because someone competent in geographical education should assume leadership of the qroup. This will enable ideas to be shared, plans made and strategies implemented in an eftort to improve teacher-competence through an efficiently organised geography department. In the final chapter conclusions are drawn and a recommendatlon is made for primary school principals to Implement an organlsatlonal model for the teaching of geography. A choice may be made from three models, namely a standard head, subject head or a comblnation of both models. It Is within the parameters of one of these structures that the subject can be properly managed, for example, field-trips planned, teaching aids purchased, envlronmental educatlon programmes designed, teaching strategies discussed and examinat(ons set. Thls view is supported by Cawood and GIbbon's (1980) empirical evidence. They found that good educatlonal leadership fosters effective teaching in schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Kaschula, Nathaniel Ronald
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa Education, Primary -- Research -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1859 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004552
- Description: Effective teaching is determined by a host of factors, not least of which is the educational guidance given to the teacher. This guidance should come about through an effecctively designed support structure initiated by the school principal as part of his management strategy. Very little has been written on this topic, particularly with reference to primary schools. In the past, geography teachers were trained, appointed to a school and expected to get on with their teaching. However, present-day teachers, in order to be effective educators, require in-service training. This should occur In a variety of ways and on a continuous basis, because teaching is an on-going business and not a job to be learned once and for always. This thesis investigates the organisational structures that exist for the teaching of geography in selected medium and large primary schools in the Eastern Cape. The author found that principals used either a subject head or standard head model. In large primary schools a subject head model was preferred i.e. a specialist geography teacher was responslble for developing the subject vertically from standard 2 to 5. The opposite was true in medium-sized schools. Principals of these schools preferred to delegate responsibility to a standard head. It was the duty ot the standard head, usually a generalist teacher without specific training in geography, to develop geography horizontally among, for example, all the standard 3 pupils. The role played by key members of a primary schools' instructional leadership team, namely the principal, subject head, and the standard head are examined in detail. The author offers justification why geography should be included In the primary curriculum. It is his contention that geography contributes to a child's general education, develops basic geographical skills, extends general mental abilities and fosters positive attitudes towards other people with whom he shares this world. A management model is proposed for principals, flexible enough for application in all schools. It is designed to ensure that teachers continue growing professionaIIy within the structure of a small group. There is no best way to organise the teaching of geography because each school has its own unique resources which should be optimally utilised in order to bring about learning. The professional development of geography teachers is possible because someone competent in geographical education should assume leadership of the qroup. This will enable ideas to be shared, plans made and strategies implemented in an eftort to improve teacher-competence through an efficiently organised geography department. In the final chapter conclusions are drawn and a recommendatlon is made for primary school principals to Implement an organlsatlonal model for the teaching of geography. A choice may be made from three models, namely a standard head, subject head or a comblnation of both models. It Is within the parameters of one of these structures that the subject can be properly managed, for example, field-trips planned, teaching aids purchased, envlronmental educatlon programmes designed, teaching strategies discussed and examinat(ons set. Thls view is supported by Cawood and GIbbon's (1980) empirical evidence. They found that good educatlonal leadership fosters effective teaching in schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
The Albania settlement of Griqualand West, 1866-1878
- Authors: Kurtz, June Margaret
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Land settlement -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Albania (South Africa) , Griqualand West (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2582 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004665 , Land settlement -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Albania (South Africa) , Griqualand West (South Africa) -- History
- Description: The history of the Albania Settlement of Griqualand West is examined from its beginnings in 1866 to its demise in 1878. Albania was very much a product of its time. Nineteenth century British colonial policy was basically expansionist, despite minor fluctuations caused by the various influences affecting it, such as the Free Trade and Mercantilist doctrines, social factors within Britain and events within the colonies themselves. From 1815 colonial settlements were fairly common in British territory, especially after Wakefield had provided a convincing theoretical framework for them. Within South Africa itself there are differing interpretations of what motivated British policy and of the role of the missionaries, while the changing political and economic landscape markedly affected Britain's decisions. British Government settlement schemes were undertaken mainly for social or military reasons, but there were also many settlements founded by land speculators. The economically depressed 1860s hit the Eastern Cape hard and this, combined with the transition to sheep farming, which created considerable land hunger, made the Albania scheme attractive to Eastern Cape farmers. The Griqua people led by Andries Waterboer had made a great effort to establish hegemony north of the Orange River, over the Sotho-Tswana and other Griqua chiefs. By 1866 the attempt had failed and Free State farmers were encroaching onto Nicholas Waterboer's lands. When Waterboer's agent, David Arnot, proposed the establishment of a settlement of Albany men to act as a "Wall of Flesh", Waterboer accepted the idea. Arnot's motivation was also land speculation in an area where diamonds were likely to push up land values. From its inception the settlement was dogged by quarrels, mainly over land, amongst the parties involved - the Griqua, brutally removed to make way for the settlers; the settlers, dissatisfied with the land tenure system and their administration; Arnot; the British and the encroaching Boer farmers . After the 1871 annexation of Griqualand West, into which Albania was absorbed, it took seven years, two Land Commissions, a Land Court and a special Land Claims Commissioner to sort out the tangled claims and bring order to the area and Albania's history to a close.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Kurtz, June Margaret
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Land settlement -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Albania (South Africa) , Griqualand West (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2582 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004665 , Land settlement -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Albania (South Africa) , Griqualand West (South Africa) -- History
- Description: The history of the Albania Settlement of Griqualand West is examined from its beginnings in 1866 to its demise in 1878. Albania was very much a product of its time. Nineteenth century British colonial policy was basically expansionist, despite minor fluctuations caused by the various influences affecting it, such as the Free Trade and Mercantilist doctrines, social factors within Britain and events within the colonies themselves. From 1815 colonial settlements were fairly common in British territory, especially after Wakefield had provided a convincing theoretical framework for them. Within South Africa itself there are differing interpretations of what motivated British policy and of the role of the missionaries, while the changing political and economic landscape markedly affected Britain's decisions. British Government settlement schemes were undertaken mainly for social or military reasons, but there were also many settlements founded by land speculators. The economically depressed 1860s hit the Eastern Cape hard and this, combined with the transition to sheep farming, which created considerable land hunger, made the Albania scheme attractive to Eastern Cape farmers. The Griqua people led by Andries Waterboer had made a great effort to establish hegemony north of the Orange River, over the Sotho-Tswana and other Griqua chiefs. By 1866 the attempt had failed and Free State farmers were encroaching onto Nicholas Waterboer's lands. When Waterboer's agent, David Arnot, proposed the establishment of a settlement of Albany men to act as a "Wall of Flesh", Waterboer accepted the idea. Arnot's motivation was also land speculation in an area where diamonds were likely to push up land values. From its inception the settlement was dogged by quarrels, mainly over land, amongst the parties involved - the Griqua, brutally removed to make way for the settlers; the settlers, dissatisfied with the land tenure system and their administration; Arnot; the British and the encroaching Boer farmers . After the 1871 annexation of Griqualand West, into which Albania was absorbed, it took seven years, two Land Commissions, a Land Court and a special Land Claims Commissioner to sort out the tangled claims and bring order to the area and Albania's history to a close.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988