Stronger induction of callose deposition in barley by Russian wheat aphid than bird cherry-oat aphid is not associated with differences in callose synthase or ≤-1,3-glucanase expression
- Saheed, Sefiu A, Cierlik, Izabela, Larsson, Kristina A E, Delp, Gabriele, Bradley, Graeme, Jonsson, Lisbeth M V, Botha, Christiaan E J
- Authors: Saheed, Sefiu A , Cierlik, Izabela , Larsson, Kristina A E , Delp, Gabriele , Bradley, Graeme , Jonsson, Lisbeth M V , Botha, Christiaan E J
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6542 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005984
- Description: The effects of infestation by the bird cherry-oat aphid (BCA), (Rhopalosiphum padi L) and the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) on callose deposition and gene expression related to callose accumulation were investigated in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Clipper). The BCA, which gives no visible symptoms, induced very limited callose deposition, even after 14 days of infestation. In contrast, RWA, which causes chlorosis, white and yellow streaking and leaf rolling, induced callose accumulation already after 24h in longitudinal leaf veins. The deposition was pronounced after 72 h, progressing during 7 and 14 days of infestation. In RWA-infested source leaves, callose was also induced in longitudinal veins basipetal to the aphid-infested tissue, whereas in sink leaves, more callose deposition was found above the feeding sites. Nine putative callose synthase genes were identified in a data base search, of which eight were expressed in the leaves, but with similar level of expression in control and aphid-infested tissue. Four out of 12 examined β-1,3-glucanases were expressed in the leaves, and three of them were up-regulated in aphid-infested tissue. They were all more strongly induced by RWA than BCA. The results suggest that callose accumulation may be partly responsible for the symptoms resulting from RWA feeding and that a callose-inducing signal may be transported in the phloem. Furthermore it is concluded that the absence of callose deposition in BCA-infested leaves is not due to a stronger induction of callose-degrading β-1,3-glucanases in this tissue, as compared to RWA-infested leaves.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Saheed, Sefiu A , Cierlik, Izabela , Larsson, Kristina A E , Delp, Gabriele , Bradley, Graeme , Jonsson, Lisbeth M V , Botha, Christiaan E J
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6542 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005984
- Description: The effects of infestation by the bird cherry-oat aphid (BCA), (Rhopalosiphum padi L) and the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) on callose deposition and gene expression related to callose accumulation were investigated in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Clipper). The BCA, which gives no visible symptoms, induced very limited callose deposition, even after 14 days of infestation. In contrast, RWA, which causes chlorosis, white and yellow streaking and leaf rolling, induced callose accumulation already after 24h in longitudinal leaf veins. The deposition was pronounced after 72 h, progressing during 7 and 14 days of infestation. In RWA-infested source leaves, callose was also induced in longitudinal veins basipetal to the aphid-infested tissue, whereas in sink leaves, more callose deposition was found above the feeding sites. Nine putative callose synthase genes were identified in a data base search, of which eight were expressed in the leaves, but with similar level of expression in control and aphid-infested tissue. Four out of 12 examined β-1,3-glucanases were expressed in the leaves, and three of them were up-regulated in aphid-infested tissue. They were all more strongly induced by RWA than BCA. The results suggest that callose accumulation may be partly responsible for the symptoms resulting from RWA feeding and that a callose-inducing signal may be transported in the phloem. Furthermore it is concluded that the absence of callose deposition in BCA-infested leaves is not due to a stronger induction of callose-degrading β-1,3-glucanases in this tissue, as compared to RWA-infested leaves.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Foreign policy ambiguity on the part of an emergent middle power: South African foreign policy through other lenses
- Serrão, Olivier, Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Authors: Serrão, Olivier , Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161464 , vital:40629 , DOI: 10.1080/02589341003600189
- Description: This paper attempts to address the ambiguity so frequently highlighted in South Africa's post-apartheid foreign policy. Three central arguments are put forward. Firstly, it is argued that traditional accounts of South Africa's foreign policy, utilizing rationalist or ‘mainstream’ theories of International Relations, are insufficient in themselves to explain the complexities inherent in the country's foreign policy. In this regard, constructivist IR theory offers several key insights into studies of South Africa's foreign policy. Secondly, although it is argued that constructivism, particularly its focus on identity, is crucial to understanding South African foreign policy, it alone cannot sufficiently explain its reception or results on the world stage. Finally, it is argued that in order to fully appreciate both the nature and effects of South Africa's foreign policy, a mixed focus, incorporating insights from both constructivist and materialist-based theories of IR, is necessary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Serrão, Olivier , Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161464 , vital:40629 , DOI: 10.1080/02589341003600189
- Description: This paper attempts to address the ambiguity so frequently highlighted in South Africa's post-apartheid foreign policy. Three central arguments are put forward. Firstly, it is argued that traditional accounts of South Africa's foreign policy, utilizing rationalist or ‘mainstream’ theories of International Relations, are insufficient in themselves to explain the complexities inherent in the country's foreign policy. In this regard, constructivist IR theory offers several key insights into studies of South Africa's foreign policy. Secondly, although it is argued that constructivism, particularly its focus on identity, is crucial to understanding South African foreign policy, it alone cannot sufficiently explain its reception or results on the world stage. Finally, it is argued that in order to fully appreciate both the nature and effects of South Africa's foreign policy, a mixed focus, incorporating insights from both constructivist and materialist-based theories of IR, is necessary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The Educational Journal
- Date: 1978-09
- Subjects: Education –- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/35946 , vital:33864 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1978-09
- Date: 1978-09
- Subjects: Education –- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/35946 , vital:33864 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1978-09
A preliminary survey of the estuaries on the south coast of South Africa, Robberg Peninsula - Cape St Francis, with particular reference to the fish fauna : ecological overview article
- James, Nicola Caroline, Harrison, T D
- Authors: James, Nicola Caroline , Harrison, T D
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7144 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011842
- Description: A basic ichthyofaunal and physico-chemical survey of the coastal outlets on the south coast of South Africa (Robberg Peninsula to Cape St Francis) was undertaken during November 1994 and September 1995. Some 27 systems were identified along this stretch of coast and of these, 48% (Brak, Helpmekaars, Klip, Witels, Geelhoutbos, Kleinbos, Bruglaagte, Langbos, Sanddrif, Eerste, Boskloof, Kaapsedrif and Klipdrif [Wes]) comprised the inlets of coastal streams that offer little habitat for fishes, 26% (Sout, Bloukrans, Lottering, Elandsbos, Storms, Elands and Groot [Oos]) are located within deeply incised valleys within the Tsitsikamma region and provide limited littoral habitat for estuary-associated fishes; 26% of the systems (Piesang, Keurbooms, Matjies, Groot [Wes], Tsitsikamma, Klipdrif [Oos], Slang) appear to serve some estuarine function for both marine migrant and resident species although some of these may also be limited due to their small size and infrequent connection with the sea. This study serves to emphasize the ecological importance of these latter estuaries within this coastal sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: James, Nicola Caroline , Harrison, T D
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7144 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011842
- Description: A basic ichthyofaunal and physico-chemical survey of the coastal outlets on the south coast of South Africa (Robberg Peninsula to Cape St Francis) was undertaken during November 1994 and September 1995. Some 27 systems were identified along this stretch of coast and of these, 48% (Brak, Helpmekaars, Klip, Witels, Geelhoutbos, Kleinbos, Bruglaagte, Langbos, Sanddrif, Eerste, Boskloof, Kaapsedrif and Klipdrif [Wes]) comprised the inlets of coastal streams that offer little habitat for fishes, 26% (Sout, Bloukrans, Lottering, Elandsbos, Storms, Elands and Groot [Oos]) are located within deeply incised valleys within the Tsitsikamma region and provide limited littoral habitat for estuary-associated fishes; 26% of the systems (Piesang, Keurbooms, Matjies, Groot [Wes], Tsitsikamma, Klipdrif [Oos], Slang) appear to serve some estuarine function for both marine migrant and resident species although some of these may also be limited due to their small size and infrequent connection with the sea. This study serves to emphasize the ecological importance of these latter estuaries within this coastal sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
From universal to local: perspectives on cultural landscape heritage in South Africa
- Cocks, Michelle L, Vetter, Susan M, Wiersum, K Frerrk
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Vetter, Susan M , Wiersum, K Frerrk
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141150 , vital:37948 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2017.1362573
- Description: The concept of cultural landscapes relates to the multifaceted links between people, place and identity. From a professional perspective, the concept refers to a category of designated conservation areas with specific biocultural heritage values. From a local perspective, it may refer to a landscape that is associated with the provision of a culturally-specific sense of identity and belonging. We explore these two perspectives through a comparative analysis of three cultural landscapes in South Africa, the ‘expert’ designated Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape and the Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape, and the local associative landscape of emaXhoseni, which is not formally recognised. We propose that a biocultural diversity perspective of heritage not only recognises the inextricable relationship between nature and culture, but it also gives prominence to the beliefs, values and practices of local people, and to strengthening their agency to safeguard their heritage in ways and forms that are relevant to them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Vetter, Susan M , Wiersum, K Frerrk
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141150 , vital:37948 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2017.1362573
- Description: The concept of cultural landscapes relates to the multifaceted links between people, place and identity. From a professional perspective, the concept refers to a category of designated conservation areas with specific biocultural heritage values. From a local perspective, it may refer to a landscape that is associated with the provision of a culturally-specific sense of identity and belonging. We explore these two perspectives through a comparative analysis of three cultural landscapes in South Africa, the ‘expert’ designated Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape and the Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape, and the local associative landscape of emaXhoseni, which is not formally recognised. We propose that a biocultural diversity perspective of heritage not only recognises the inextricable relationship between nature and culture, but it also gives prominence to the beliefs, values and practices of local people, and to strengthening their agency to safeguard their heritage in ways and forms that are relevant to them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Could a regulated market approach for rhinoceros horns work in South Africa? Some practical issues and concerns
- Collins, Alan, Fraser, Gavin C G, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Collins, Alan , Fraser, Gavin C G , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68600 , vital:29292 , http://www.essa2013.org.za/fullpaper/essa2013_2708.pdf
- Description: Publisher version , One of the proposals for fighting rhinoceros poaching is to legalise the trade in rhino horn and adopt a regulated market approach (RMA), which would require a vote at the 2016 CITES meeting in order to overturn the ban on the trade in rhino horn. The legal trade in rhino horn would enable the auctioning of stockpiles of horn and encourage captive breeding programmes. The aim of increasing the supply of horn is to reduce incentives to poach by driving down the price. This paper uses a conceptual/theoretical approach to consider the practical implications of the adoption of an RMA, drawing on demand, supply and production theory. The intention is explicitly to set out some practical concerns and issues that seem to have been underplayed or neglected in most published economic discourse on the subject. To secure a stockpile for some species needs biological success in captive breeding programs (CBPs) but this varies across species and habitats. Rhinoceros herds in a CBP would need relatively spatially extensive terrain and costly permanent security measures, and only appear feasible for the less aggressive “white” rhino. Thus, market price would actually need to be sustained at a high level to cover the start-up and security costs of such a programme that are unlikely to fall significantly. This is a double-edged sword in that the persistent high price of rhino horn provides an incentive for continued poaching activities. Supplementary policy measures that differentiate among consumer groups may also prove necessary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Collins, Alan , Fraser, Gavin C G , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68600 , vital:29292 , http://www.essa2013.org.za/fullpaper/essa2013_2708.pdf
- Description: Publisher version , One of the proposals for fighting rhinoceros poaching is to legalise the trade in rhino horn and adopt a regulated market approach (RMA), which would require a vote at the 2016 CITES meeting in order to overturn the ban on the trade in rhino horn. The legal trade in rhino horn would enable the auctioning of stockpiles of horn and encourage captive breeding programmes. The aim of increasing the supply of horn is to reduce incentives to poach by driving down the price. This paper uses a conceptual/theoretical approach to consider the practical implications of the adoption of an RMA, drawing on demand, supply and production theory. The intention is explicitly to set out some practical concerns and issues that seem to have been underplayed or neglected in most published economic discourse on the subject. To secure a stockpile for some species needs biological success in captive breeding programs (CBPs) but this varies across species and habitats. Rhinoceros herds in a CBP would need relatively spatially extensive terrain and costly permanent security measures, and only appear feasible for the less aggressive “white” rhino. Thus, market price would actually need to be sustained at a high level to cover the start-up and security costs of such a programme that are unlikely to fall significantly. This is a double-edged sword in that the persistent high price of rhino horn provides an incentive for continued poaching activities. Supplementary policy measures that differentiate among consumer groups may also prove necessary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
A framework for recuperation: HIV/AIDS and the Keiskamma Altarpiece
- Authors: Schmahmann, Brenda
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147593 , vital:38652 , https://doi.org/10.1162/afar.2010.43.3.34
- Description: South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV of any nation in the world. While various conditions and circumstances have made South Africa especially susceptible to an HIV/AIDS pandemic, its leadership has not recognized the impact of the disease or found appropriate strategies to address rising rates of infection. Thabo Mbeki's presidency (1999—2008) and the appointment of Manto Tshabalala-Msimang as his health minister were disastrous in terms of the pandemic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Schmahmann, Brenda
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147593 , vital:38652 , https://doi.org/10.1162/afar.2010.43.3.34
- Description: South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV of any nation in the world. While various conditions and circumstances have made South Africa especially susceptible to an HIV/AIDS pandemic, its leadership has not recognized the impact of the disease or found appropriate strategies to address rising rates of infection. Thabo Mbeki's presidency (1999—2008) and the appointment of Manto Tshabalala-Msimang as his health minister were disastrous in terms of the pandemic.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Are arts events a good way of augmenting the economic impact of sport?: The case of the 2010 FIFA world cup and the national arts festival in South Africa
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71430 , vital:29848 , https://econrsa.org/system/files/publications/working_papers/wp294.pdf
- Description: Despite the debate about whether arts consumers are also sports consumers, many countries have used cultural events to leverage further tourism spending from sports events, the most famous example being the cultural Olympics. This paper reports the findings of research conducted at the 2010 South African National Arts Festival, which was specifically timed to coincide with SoccerWorld Cup matches being played in a nearby city. Of the 600 interviews conducted with Festival-goers, only 23% reported also attending World Cup soccer matches. Regression analysis revealed that, while there is some overlap between arts and sports attendees, their demographics and consumption habits are significantly different. However, consumption outside of major events showed somewhat more overlap. This suggests that staging cultural events at the same time as major sporting events is not an ideal strategy, since they tend to compete with, rather than complement, each other.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71430 , vital:29848 , https://econrsa.org/system/files/publications/working_papers/wp294.pdf
- Description: Despite the debate about whether arts consumers are also sports consumers, many countries have used cultural events to leverage further tourism spending from sports events, the most famous example being the cultural Olympics. This paper reports the findings of research conducted at the 2010 South African National Arts Festival, which was specifically timed to coincide with SoccerWorld Cup matches being played in a nearby city. Of the 600 interviews conducted with Festival-goers, only 23% reported also attending World Cup soccer matches. Regression analysis revealed that, while there is some overlap between arts and sports attendees, their demographics and consumption habits are significantly different. However, consumption outside of major events showed somewhat more overlap. This suggests that staging cultural events at the same time as major sporting events is not an ideal strategy, since they tend to compete with, rather than complement, each other.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Determinants of life satisfaction among race groups in South Africa
- Ebrahim, Amina, Botha, Ferdi, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Ebrahim, Amina , Botha, Ferdi , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69311 , vital:29497 , https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2013.797227
- Description: Economic indicators, like gross domestic product per capita, are commonly used as indicators of welfare. However, they have a very limited and narrow scope, excluding many potentially important welfare determinants, such as health, relative income and religion – not surprising since they were not designed to fill this role. As a result, there is growing acceptance, and use of, subjective measures of well-being (called ‘happiness’ or ‘life satisfaction’, often used interchangeably) both worldwide and in South Africa. Happiness economics does not propose to replace income-based measures of well-being, but rather attempts to complement them with broader measures, which can be important in making policy decisions that optimise societal welfare. This paper tests for differences in subjective well-being between race groups in South Africa, and investigates the determinants of self-rated life satisfaction for each group. Using the 2008 National Income Dynamics Study data, descriptive methods (analysis of variance) and an ordered probit model are applied. Results indicate that reported life satisfaction differs substantially among race groups, with black South Africans being the least satisfied group despite changes since the advent of democracy in 1994. Higher levels of educational attainment increased satisfaction for the whole sample, and women (particularly black women) are generally less satisfied than men. As found in many other studies, unemployed people have lower levels of life satisfaction than the employed, even when controlling for income and relative income. The determinants of life satisfaction are also different for each race group: white South Africans attach greater importance to physical health, whereas employment status and absolute income matter greatly for black people. For coloured people and black people, positional status (as measured by relative income) is an important determinant of well-being, with religious involvement contributing significantly to the well-being of Indian people.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Ebrahim, Amina , Botha, Ferdi , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69311 , vital:29497 , https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2013.797227
- Description: Economic indicators, like gross domestic product per capita, are commonly used as indicators of welfare. However, they have a very limited and narrow scope, excluding many potentially important welfare determinants, such as health, relative income and religion – not surprising since they were not designed to fill this role. As a result, there is growing acceptance, and use of, subjective measures of well-being (called ‘happiness’ or ‘life satisfaction’, often used interchangeably) both worldwide and in South Africa. Happiness economics does not propose to replace income-based measures of well-being, but rather attempts to complement them with broader measures, which can be important in making policy decisions that optimise societal welfare. This paper tests for differences in subjective well-being between race groups in South Africa, and investigates the determinants of self-rated life satisfaction for each group. Using the 2008 National Income Dynamics Study data, descriptive methods (analysis of variance) and an ordered probit model are applied. Results indicate that reported life satisfaction differs substantially among race groups, with black South Africans being the least satisfied group despite changes since the advent of democracy in 1994. Higher levels of educational attainment increased satisfaction for the whole sample, and women (particularly black women) are generally less satisfied than men. As found in many other studies, unemployed people have lower levels of life satisfaction than the employed, even when controlling for income and relative income. The determinants of life satisfaction are also different for each race group: white South Africans attach greater importance to physical health, whereas employment status and absolute income matter greatly for black people. For coloured people and black people, positional status (as measured by relative income) is an important determinant of well-being, with religious involvement contributing significantly to the well-being of Indian people.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2013
Above ground woody community attributes, biomass and carbon stocks along a rainfall gradient in the savannas of the central lowveld, South Africa
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Scholes, Robert J
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Scholes, Robert J
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6658 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007079
- Description: Enumeration of carbon stocks at benchmark sites is a necessary activity in assessing the potential carbon sequestration and possible generation of credits through restoration of intensively impacted sites. However, there is a lack of empirical studies throughout much of the savannas of sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa. We report an estimation of species specific and site biomass and carbon stocks, and general vegetation structural attributes from three protected areas along a rainfall gradient in the central lowveld, South Africa. Estimates of biomass and carbon stocks were effected through destructive sampling to establish locally derived allometric equations. There was a gradient of increasing woody density, height of the canopy, number of species, density of regenerative stems and a greater proportion of stems in small size classes from the arid locality to the mesic locality, with the semi-arid locality being intermediate. The proportion of spinescent species decreased with increasing rainfall. The mesic locality was significantly more woody than either the arid or semi-arid sites, having double the biomass, four times the density and 40% higher basal area. Above ground carbon pools were also higher; carbon stocks were approximately 9 t/ha for the arid and semi-arid sites and 18 t/ha for the mesic site.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Scholes, Robert J
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6658 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007079
- Description: Enumeration of carbon stocks at benchmark sites is a necessary activity in assessing the potential carbon sequestration and possible generation of credits through restoration of intensively impacted sites. However, there is a lack of empirical studies throughout much of the savannas of sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa. We report an estimation of species specific and site biomass and carbon stocks, and general vegetation structural attributes from three protected areas along a rainfall gradient in the central lowveld, South Africa. Estimates of biomass and carbon stocks were effected through destructive sampling to establish locally derived allometric equations. There was a gradient of increasing woody density, height of the canopy, number of species, density of regenerative stems and a greater proportion of stems in small size classes from the arid locality to the mesic locality, with the semi-arid locality being intermediate. The proportion of spinescent species decreased with increasing rainfall. The mesic locality was significantly more woody than either the arid or semi-arid sites, having double the biomass, four times the density and 40% higher basal area. Above ground carbon pools were also higher; carbon stocks were approximately 9 t/ha for the arid and semi-arid sites and 18 t/ha for the mesic site.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Sport consumption patterns in the Eastern Cape: cricket spectators as sporting univores or omnivores
- Brock, Kelcey, Fraser, Gavin C G, Botha, Ferdi
- Authors: Brock, Kelcey , Fraser, Gavin C G , Botha, Ferdi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69362 , vital:29508 , https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v9i3.64
- Description: Since its inception, consumption behaviour theory has developed to account for the important social aspects that underpin or at least to some extent explain consumer behaviour. Empirical studies on consumption behaviour of cultural activities, entertainment and sport have used Bourdieu’s (1984) omnivore/univore theory to investigate consumption of leisure activities. The aim of this study is to investigate whether South African cricket spectators are sporting omnivores or univores. The study was conducted among cricket spectators in the Eastern Cape at four limited overs cricket matches in the 2012/2013 cricket season. The results indicate that consumption behaviour of sport predominantly differs on the grounds of education and race. This suggests that there are aspects of social connotations underpinning sports consumption behaviour within South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Sport consumption patterns in the Eastern Cape: cricket spectators as sporting univores or omnivores
- Authors: Brock, Kelcey , Fraser, Gavin C G , Botha, Ferdi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69362 , vital:29508 , https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v9i3.64
- Description: Since its inception, consumption behaviour theory has developed to account for the important social aspects that underpin or at least to some extent explain consumer behaviour. Empirical studies on consumption behaviour of cultural activities, entertainment and sport have used Bourdieu’s (1984) omnivore/univore theory to investigate consumption of leisure activities. The aim of this study is to investigate whether South African cricket spectators are sporting omnivores or univores. The study was conducted among cricket spectators in the Eastern Cape at four limited overs cricket matches in the 2012/2013 cricket season. The results indicate that consumption behaviour of sport predominantly differs on the grounds of education and race. This suggests that there are aspects of social connotations underpinning sports consumption behaviour within South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Issues and concerns in developing regulated markets for endangered species products: the case of rhinoceros horns
- Collins, Alan, Fraser, Gavin C G, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Collins, Alan , Fraser, Gavin C G , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124877 , vital:35706 , https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bev076
- Description: A proposal for addressing rhinoceros poaching is to legalise the trade in rhino horn and adopt a regulated market approach, overturning the current trade ban. This orthodox economic prescription aims to reduce incentives to poach endangered wildlife by driving down the market price of their products via auctioned stockpile releases. Biologists are clear, however, that securing a stockpile for some species needs biological success in captive breeding programmes (CBPs), which varies markedly across species and habitats. Rhinoceros herds in a CBP would need spatially extensive terrain and costly permanent security measures; this only appears feasible for the less aggressive ‘white’ rhino. We argue that the market price would actually need to be sustained at a high level to cover protection costs over the longer reproduction cycles in CBPs and that, without extensive monitoring and the correct institutional structures being in place, legalising trade may encourage, rather than prevent, poaching. Supplementary policy measures that differentiate among consumer groups would also likely prove necessary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Collins, Alan , Fraser, Gavin C G , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124877 , vital:35706 , https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bev076
- Description: A proposal for addressing rhinoceros poaching is to legalise the trade in rhino horn and adopt a regulated market approach, overturning the current trade ban. This orthodox economic prescription aims to reduce incentives to poach endangered wildlife by driving down the market price of their products via auctioned stockpile releases. Biologists are clear, however, that securing a stockpile for some species needs biological success in captive breeding programmes (CBPs), which varies markedly across species and habitats. Rhinoceros herds in a CBP would need spatially extensive terrain and costly permanent security measures; this only appears feasible for the less aggressive ‘white’ rhino. We argue that the market price would actually need to be sustained at a high level to cover protection costs over the longer reproduction cycles in CBPs and that, without extensive monitoring and the correct institutional structures being in place, legalising trade may encourage, rather than prevent, poaching. Supplementary policy measures that differentiate among consumer groups would also likely prove necessary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Politics and science in Radcliffe-Brown: from anarchism to applied anthropology
- Authors: Maddock, Kenneth
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (Alfred Reginald), 1881-1955 Anthropologists Anthropology Ethnology
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2645 , vital:20312
- Description: It is part of anthropological folklore that A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1881-1955) was known as "Anarchy Brown" when a student at Cambridge early this century. Meyer Fortes thought the nickname "a friendly recognition of the streak of aloofness in him and of his reputation for holding somewhat highbrow ideas in matters of art, life and literature" (1956: 153)- But there was more to it than the pose of a turn of the century aesthete, as Fortes knew. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Maddock, Kenneth
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (Alfred Reginald), 1881-1955 Anthropologists Anthropology Ethnology
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2645 , vital:20312
- Description: It is part of anthropological folklore that A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1881-1955) was known as "Anarchy Brown" when a student at Cambridge early this century. Meyer Fortes thought the nickname "a friendly recognition of the streak of aloofness in him and of his reputation for holding somewhat highbrow ideas in matters of art, life and literature" (1956: 153)- But there was more to it than the pose of a turn of the century aesthete, as Fortes knew. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
A fuzzy classification technique for predicting species' distributions: applications using invasive alien plants and indigenous insects
- Robertson, Mark P, Villet, Martin H, Palmer, Anthony R
- Authors: Robertson, Mark P , Villet, Martin H , Palmer, Anthony R
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6897 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011659 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00108.x
- Description: A new predictive modelling technique called the fuzzy envelope model (FEM) is introduced. The technique can be used to predict potential distributions of organisms using presence-only locality records and a set of environmental predictor variables. FEM uses fuzzy logic to classify a set of predictor variable maps based on the values associated with presence records and combines the results to produce a potential distribution map for a target species. This technique represents several refinements of the envelope approach used in the BIOCLIM modelling package. These refinements are related to the way in which FEMs deal with uncertainty, the way in which this uncertainty is represented in the resultant potential distribution maps, and the way that these maps can be interpreted and applied. To illustrate its potential use in biogeographical studies, FEM was applied to predicting the potential distribution of three invasive alien plant species (Lantana camara L., Ricinus communis L. and Solanum mauritianum Scop.), and three native cicada species (Capicada decora Germar, Platypleura deusta Thun. and P. capensis L.) in South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. These models were quantitatively compared with models produced by means of the algorithm used in the BIOCLIM modelling package, which is referred to as a crisp envelope model (the CEM design). The average performance of models of the FEM design was consistently higher than those of the CEM design. There were significant differences in model performance among species but there was no significant interaction between model design and species. The average maximum kappa value ranged from 0.70 to 0.90 for FEM design and from 0.57 to 0.89 for the CEM design, which can be described as 'good' to 'excellent' using published ranges of agreement for the kappa statistic. This technique can be used to predict species' potential distributions that could be used for identifying regions at risk from invasion by alien species. These predictions could also be used in conservation planning in the case of native species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Robertson, Mark P , Villet, Martin H , Palmer, Anthony R
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6897 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011659 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00108.x
- Description: A new predictive modelling technique called the fuzzy envelope model (FEM) is introduced. The technique can be used to predict potential distributions of organisms using presence-only locality records and a set of environmental predictor variables. FEM uses fuzzy logic to classify a set of predictor variable maps based on the values associated with presence records and combines the results to produce a potential distribution map for a target species. This technique represents several refinements of the envelope approach used in the BIOCLIM modelling package. These refinements are related to the way in which FEMs deal with uncertainty, the way in which this uncertainty is represented in the resultant potential distribution maps, and the way that these maps can be interpreted and applied. To illustrate its potential use in biogeographical studies, FEM was applied to predicting the potential distribution of three invasive alien plant species (Lantana camara L., Ricinus communis L. and Solanum mauritianum Scop.), and three native cicada species (Capicada decora Germar, Platypleura deusta Thun. and P. capensis L.) in South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. These models were quantitatively compared with models produced by means of the algorithm used in the BIOCLIM modelling package, which is referred to as a crisp envelope model (the CEM design). The average performance of models of the FEM design was consistently higher than those of the CEM design. There were significant differences in model performance among species but there was no significant interaction between model design and species. The average maximum kappa value ranged from 0.70 to 0.90 for FEM design and from 0.57 to 0.89 for the CEM design, which can be described as 'good' to 'excellent' using published ranges of agreement for the kappa statistic. This technique can be used to predict species' potential distributions that could be used for identifying regions at risk from invasion by alien species. These predictions could also be used in conservation planning in the case of native species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
NSSC Secretariat report and bargaining conference resolutions
- SACCAWU
- Authors: SACCAWU
- Date: Oct 2007
- Subjects: SACCAWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/137712 , vital:37552
- Description: Comrades National Office Bearers of SACCAWU, leadership of the Company Council, distinguished guests & delegates to this Summit, we extend to you revolutionary greetings from the National Office Bearers of Shoprite Checkers, and the masses of Shoprite Checkers workers who are SACCAWU members. This gathering takes place exactly a year after our national strike. It also takes place after lot of significant gatherings of all the Alliance Partners i.e. COSATU Central Committee, SACP National Conference, ANC National Policy Conference, and on fhe home front, the SACCAWU National Bargaining Conference. It is the important that the deliberations in this gathering should look at all decisions taken during this significant event, the Bargaining Conference, and put them into practicality. This Secretariat Report will cover the activities since the National Shopstewards Council of June 2006 in Durban.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Oct 2007
- Authors: SACCAWU
- Date: Oct 2007
- Subjects: SACCAWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/137712 , vital:37552
- Description: Comrades National Office Bearers of SACCAWU, leadership of the Company Council, distinguished guests & delegates to this Summit, we extend to you revolutionary greetings from the National Office Bearers of Shoprite Checkers, and the masses of Shoprite Checkers workers who are SACCAWU members. This gathering takes place exactly a year after our national strike. It also takes place after lot of significant gatherings of all the Alliance Partners i.e. COSATU Central Committee, SACP National Conference, ANC National Policy Conference, and on fhe home front, the SACCAWU National Bargaining Conference. It is the important that the deliberations in this gathering should look at all decisions taken during this significant event, the Bargaining Conference, and put them into practicality. This Secretariat Report will cover the activities since the National Shopstewards Council of June 2006 in Durban.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Oct 2007
Exploratory mathematics talk in a second language: a sociolinguistic perspective:
- Graven, Mellony, Robertson, Sally-Ann
- Authors: Graven, Mellony , Robertson, Sally-Ann
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69907 , vital:29594 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-018-0952-2
- Description: This paper illuminates challenges confronting teachers and students at the literacy/numeracy interface in contexts where students have not developed sufficient English language proficiency to be learning mathematics through English but, due to socio-politically and economically driven perceptions are being taught in English. We analyse transcript data of classroom talk in a South African grade 4 mathematics lesson on fractions. Together with interview data, the lesson data highlight some of the consequences students’ diminished access to their home language appear to have on their access to mathematical meaning-making.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Graven, Mellony , Robertson, Sally-Ann
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69907 , vital:29594 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-018-0952-2
- Description: This paper illuminates challenges confronting teachers and students at the literacy/numeracy interface in contexts where students have not developed sufficient English language proficiency to be learning mathematics through English but, due to socio-politically and economically driven perceptions are being taught in English. We analyse transcript data of classroom talk in a South African grade 4 mathematics lesson on fractions. Together with interview data, the lesson data highlight some of the consequences students’ diminished access to their home language appear to have on their access to mathematical meaning-making.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Invaded habitat incompatibility affects the suitability of the potential biological control agent Listronotus sordidus for Sagittaria platyphylla in South Africa
- Martin, Grant D, Coetzee, Julie A, Lloyd, Melissa, Nombewu, Sinoxolo E, Ndlovu, Mpilonhle S, Kwong, Raelene M
- Authors: Martin, Grant D , Coetzee, Julie A , Lloyd, Melissa , Nombewu, Sinoxolo E , Ndlovu, Mpilonhle S , Kwong, Raelene M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/103926 , vital:32323 , https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2018.1460314
- Description: Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelmann) J.G. Smith (Alismataceae) was first recorded in South Africa in 2008 and is considered to be an emerging weed with naturalised populations occurring throughout the country. A biological control programme was initiated in Australia and surveys conducted between 2010 and 2012 yielded potential agents, including the crown feeding weevil, Listronotus sordidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The potential of L. sordidus as a candidate biological control agent against S. platyphylla in South Africa was examined. Although adult feeding was recorded on a number of plant species, oviposition and larval development indicated a narrow host range restricted to the Alismataceae. In South Africa, S. platyphylla populations are primarily found in inundated systems. However, laboratory studies showed that L. sordidus did not oviposit on inundated plants, potentially nullifying the impact of the insect on South African populations. It is suggested that even though L. sordidus is a damaging, specific agent, its limited impact on inundated plant populations in South Africa does not justify the inherent risk associated with the release of a biological control agent.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Martin, Grant D , Coetzee, Julie A , Lloyd, Melissa , Nombewu, Sinoxolo E , Ndlovu, Mpilonhle S , Kwong, Raelene M
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/103926 , vital:32323 , https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2018.1460314
- Description: Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelmann) J.G. Smith (Alismataceae) was first recorded in South Africa in 2008 and is considered to be an emerging weed with naturalised populations occurring throughout the country. A biological control programme was initiated in Australia and surveys conducted between 2010 and 2012 yielded potential agents, including the crown feeding weevil, Listronotus sordidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The potential of L. sordidus as a candidate biological control agent against S. platyphylla in South Africa was examined. Although adult feeding was recorded on a number of plant species, oviposition and larval development indicated a narrow host range restricted to the Alismataceae. In South Africa, S. platyphylla populations are primarily found in inundated systems. However, laboratory studies showed that L. sordidus did not oviposit on inundated plants, potentially nullifying the impact of the insect on South African populations. It is suggested that even though L. sordidus is a damaging, specific agent, its limited impact on inundated plant populations in South Africa does not justify the inherent risk associated with the release of a biological control agent.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
The Edeucational Journal
- Date: 1983-05
- Subjects: Education –- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36016 , vital:33881 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1983-05
- Date: 1983-05
- Subjects: Education –- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36016 , vital:33881 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1983-05
The Educational Journal
- Date: 1985-02
- Subjects: Education –- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36604 , vital:34022 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1985-02
- Date: 1985-02
- Subjects: Education –- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36604 , vital:34022 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1985-02
Assessment of the profit sharing schemes on certain Chamber Gold Mines, July-December 1992
- National Union of Mineworkers
- Authors: National Union of Mineworkers
- Subjects: National Union of Mineworkers
- Language: English
- Type: text , pamphlet
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/106577 , vital:32675
- Description: In 1991 and 1992, the NUM accepted basic wage increases on the gold mines that were far below the annual inflation rate because of the crisis in the industry. The priority of the union was to preserve employment. But this left the door wide open for rich mines (like Kloof, Elandsrand and Vaal Reefs) to hide behind the low increases that are set in the Chamber negotiations at levels that Free gold, BuffeIsfontein and marginal mines can live with. The NUM decided that workers need a way of adding more money onto their wages If the mines can afford to pay more. The ideal is for a national wage policy in which the richer mines can help the poorer mines to pay the same wages. But this will mean new tax laws, new ownership rules and a new government to force it all through. Right now, the union needs a special policy for collective bargaining in an industry that is in long term decline. The economy is not growing, few new mines are opening, so workers who get retrenched are threatened with starvation. NUM has already accepted a reduction in real wage standards to slow down the speed at which mines are contracting.
- Full Text:
- Authors: National Union of Mineworkers
- Subjects: National Union of Mineworkers
- Language: English
- Type: text , pamphlet
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/106577 , vital:32675
- Description: In 1991 and 1992, the NUM accepted basic wage increases on the gold mines that were far below the annual inflation rate because of the crisis in the industry. The priority of the union was to preserve employment. But this left the door wide open for rich mines (like Kloof, Elandsrand and Vaal Reefs) to hide behind the low increases that are set in the Chamber negotiations at levels that Free gold, BuffeIsfontein and marginal mines can live with. The NUM decided that workers need a way of adding more money onto their wages If the mines can afford to pay more. The ideal is for a national wage policy in which the richer mines can help the poorer mines to pay the same wages. But this will mean new tax laws, new ownership rules and a new government to force it all through. Right now, the union needs a special policy for collective bargaining in an industry that is in long term decline. The economy is not growing, few new mines are opening, so workers who get retrenched are threatened with starvation. NUM has already accepted a reduction in real wage standards to slow down the speed at which mines are contracting.
- Full Text: