Gender and affirmative action in South Africa: A case study on women empowerment in the Department of Education in Mthatha district offices.: subtitle if needed. If no subtitle follow instructions in manual
- Authors: Mbatani, Mziwekaya Eric
- Date: 2012-09
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3207 , vital:43188
- Description: Abstract The main objective of this study has been to investigate the implementation of the affirmative action on the basis of gender balancing in the Department of Education in Mthatha District offices. The affirmative action policy is the program that seeks to remedy the past discrimination ideologies like on the bases of race and gender. Gender discrimination seemed to be the worst kind of discrimination in the past. Even within the same race, there are gender biases as well as within the same classes, women are treated differently. Some women are experiencing the impact of racial discrimination and class discrimination which puts women secondary of their same racial or same class male counterpart. Some men are experiencing only racial discrimination alone while others are experiencing class discrimination. Women serve the most severe discrimination of them all in the entire country of South Africa. Affirmative action has been used as a tool to eradicate all forms of discrimination. Hence its implementation needs to be evaluated to determine its impact on the eradication of discrimination, more especially sex discrimination. Evaluation has been made possible with the help of affirmative action measures which stipulate most of the principles of the affirmative action directed especially to the employers the gender balancing in the workplace is done with the aim of empowering and advancing women as their right according to gender equality. Women are experiencing the worst kind of social injustice have ever been practiced round the globe. Every woman is experiencing gender discrimination. Even in the rich family women are treated secondary by their male counterpart throughout their history of their living. In actual fact the presence of women in these family units is to help men help the men to have boys who will takeover the patriarchal duties assigned to every men as socialize to think and behave as the head of the families. If the family does not have boys who will later changed to be men, that family previously does run the risk of loosing the rights every households have where there are men. These girls to overcome the barriers of not having men and loose the right mention above they will marry men who will protect the right of their family. Previously, the family that did not have male will run the risk also of being robbed of their land and accused of black magic and the girls being raped. Some of the things that used to happen in the past are happening right now. Although women are promised the full dignity they deserve but some of the worst things that often happen to them in the past are still happening presently owing to the lack of political will to change the patriarchal system which is undermining the full dignity women deserve. This is viewed by Marxist feminists as being caused by the economic mode of production presently operating ‘capitalism’. The Marxist feminist suggests that there shall be no social justice if capitalism is still in place. Therefore they suggested that the only thing to eradicate is to eradicate the present form of production. The liberal feminist claim that the cause of the situation women found themselves is the unequal distribution of resource between men and women. Therefore they advocated that there should be equal rights between men and women as well as equal distribution of resources to men and women. Women must be empowered politically so as to have the equal voice like men. They must emanicipate themselves from the bondages of patriarchal ideologies. Women are just biological different from men but have equal mental capabilities as that of men. The equals should be treated equal and the unequals should be treated unequal. The differences we have should not be made as bases for treating others as unequal. The resources in our societies should be distributed equal among the demographics we have in our societies. The population of the country matters in terms of the countries prestige in terms of economic power. The more the population the country has the more powerful the country will be. In actual fact, the more productive the population of the country is the more productive the country will be. However, the less the productive the population of the country is, the lesser the productivity the country will be. Hence women should also be empowered economically. , Thesis (MMED) -- Faculty of HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES and LAW, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-09
- Authors: Mbatani, Mziwekaya Eric
- Date: 2012-09
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3207 , vital:43188
- Description: Abstract The main objective of this study has been to investigate the implementation of the affirmative action on the basis of gender balancing in the Department of Education in Mthatha District offices. The affirmative action policy is the program that seeks to remedy the past discrimination ideologies like on the bases of race and gender. Gender discrimination seemed to be the worst kind of discrimination in the past. Even within the same race, there are gender biases as well as within the same classes, women are treated differently. Some women are experiencing the impact of racial discrimination and class discrimination which puts women secondary of their same racial or same class male counterpart. Some men are experiencing only racial discrimination alone while others are experiencing class discrimination. Women serve the most severe discrimination of them all in the entire country of South Africa. Affirmative action has been used as a tool to eradicate all forms of discrimination. Hence its implementation needs to be evaluated to determine its impact on the eradication of discrimination, more especially sex discrimination. Evaluation has been made possible with the help of affirmative action measures which stipulate most of the principles of the affirmative action directed especially to the employers the gender balancing in the workplace is done with the aim of empowering and advancing women as their right according to gender equality. Women are experiencing the worst kind of social injustice have ever been practiced round the globe. Every woman is experiencing gender discrimination. Even in the rich family women are treated secondary by their male counterpart throughout their history of their living. In actual fact the presence of women in these family units is to help men help the men to have boys who will takeover the patriarchal duties assigned to every men as socialize to think and behave as the head of the families. If the family does not have boys who will later changed to be men, that family previously does run the risk of loosing the rights every households have where there are men. These girls to overcome the barriers of not having men and loose the right mention above they will marry men who will protect the right of their family. Previously, the family that did not have male will run the risk also of being robbed of their land and accused of black magic and the girls being raped. Some of the things that used to happen in the past are happening right now. Although women are promised the full dignity they deserve but some of the worst things that often happen to them in the past are still happening presently owing to the lack of political will to change the patriarchal system which is undermining the full dignity women deserve. This is viewed by Marxist feminists as being caused by the economic mode of production presently operating ‘capitalism’. The Marxist feminist suggests that there shall be no social justice if capitalism is still in place. Therefore they suggested that the only thing to eradicate is to eradicate the present form of production. The liberal feminist claim that the cause of the situation women found themselves is the unequal distribution of resource between men and women. Therefore they advocated that there should be equal rights between men and women as well as equal distribution of resources to men and women. Women must be empowered politically so as to have the equal voice like men. They must emanicipate themselves from the bondages of patriarchal ideologies. Women are just biological different from men but have equal mental capabilities as that of men. The equals should be treated equal and the unequals should be treated unequal. The differences we have should not be made as bases for treating others as unequal. The resources in our societies should be distributed equal among the demographics we have in our societies. The population of the country matters in terms of the countries prestige in terms of economic power. The more the population the country has the more powerful the country will be. In actual fact, the more productive the population of the country is the more productive the country will be. However, the less the productive the population of the country is, the lesser the productivity the country will be. Hence women should also be empowered economically. , Thesis (MMED) -- Faculty of HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES and LAW, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-09
Graduate attributes: A comparison between public and private higher education commerce students in South Africa
- Bissig, Abigail https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-629X
- Authors: Bissig, Abigail https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-629X
- Date: 2020-01
- Subjects: Education, Higher -- South Africa , Private universities and colleges
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19683 , vital:43166
- Description: In order to handle the capacity shortfall of state-funded universities in developing economies, governments with limited public resources often establish systems and regulations that enable private organisations to provide equivalent qualifications. As such, South Africa (SA) has seen a large growth in the number of registered private higher education institutions (HEIs) offering alternatives to students who are seeking higher education qualifications but do not meet public universities admission criteria. The emergence of private HEIs has resulted in a different type of learning environment. These institutions provide smaller classes than their public counterparts and a faculty which often consists of both part-time and full-time retired public HEIs lecturers and industry experts, in an environment that is more practical, and less research focused. Due to the substantial differences between the public and private higher education sector mandate, the educational quality produced by private HEIs is often a contentious subject among academics. Employer perspectives are that most graduates do not have the necessary work-ready skills to successfully integrate into the workforce. While various studies have attempted to define and measure graduate employability, limited research differentiates between public and private HEI graduates, and even fewer studies compare the level of graduate employability between these two sectors. In an attempt to determine whether any statistically significant differences exist between the graduate attributes of public and private higher education commerce students in SA, this study makes use of the Graduate Skills and Attributes Scale (GSAS). The GSAS clusters eight graduate skills and behaviours into the three holistic, overarching attitudinal domains of personal and intellectual development. These eight graduate attributes include interactive skills, problem-solving and decision-making skills, continuous learning orientation, enterprising skills, presenting and applying information skills, goal-directed behaviour, ethical and responsible behaviour, and analytical thinking skills. Using a quantitative approach, questionnaires were distributed to a total of 416 respondents, consisting of 351 public and 65 private higher education commerce students within SA. The sample consisted of students enrolled in their final year of study, through either a public university or registered private HEI situated within SA, completing a Higher Education Qualifications Sub-Framework (HEQSF) accredited NQF 7 Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) degree through contact mode of study. After the data collection, independent samples t-tests were used to compare the graduate attributes of the two sectors. The study concludes that higher levels of interactive skills and continuous learning orientation were present among students attending private HEIs, while the remaining six graduate attributes indicated no significant differences between the two sectors. The results of this study provide valuable information to HEIs, students, industry and government, as it measures and compares the level of graduate quality produced by public and private HEIs within SA. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-01
- Authors: Bissig, Abigail https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-629X
- Date: 2020-01
- Subjects: Education, Higher -- South Africa , Private universities and colleges
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19683 , vital:43166
- Description: In order to handle the capacity shortfall of state-funded universities in developing economies, governments with limited public resources often establish systems and regulations that enable private organisations to provide equivalent qualifications. As such, South Africa (SA) has seen a large growth in the number of registered private higher education institutions (HEIs) offering alternatives to students who are seeking higher education qualifications but do not meet public universities admission criteria. The emergence of private HEIs has resulted in a different type of learning environment. These institutions provide smaller classes than their public counterparts and a faculty which often consists of both part-time and full-time retired public HEIs lecturers and industry experts, in an environment that is more practical, and less research focused. Due to the substantial differences between the public and private higher education sector mandate, the educational quality produced by private HEIs is often a contentious subject among academics. Employer perspectives are that most graduates do not have the necessary work-ready skills to successfully integrate into the workforce. While various studies have attempted to define and measure graduate employability, limited research differentiates between public and private HEI graduates, and even fewer studies compare the level of graduate employability between these two sectors. In an attempt to determine whether any statistically significant differences exist between the graduate attributes of public and private higher education commerce students in SA, this study makes use of the Graduate Skills and Attributes Scale (GSAS). The GSAS clusters eight graduate skills and behaviours into the three holistic, overarching attitudinal domains of personal and intellectual development. These eight graduate attributes include interactive skills, problem-solving and decision-making skills, continuous learning orientation, enterprising skills, presenting and applying information skills, goal-directed behaviour, ethical and responsible behaviour, and analytical thinking skills. Using a quantitative approach, questionnaires were distributed to a total of 416 respondents, consisting of 351 public and 65 private higher education commerce students within SA. The sample consisted of students enrolled in their final year of study, through either a public university or registered private HEI situated within SA, completing a Higher Education Qualifications Sub-Framework (HEQSF) accredited NQF 7 Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) degree through contact mode of study. After the data collection, independent samples t-tests were used to compare the graduate attributes of the two sectors. The study concludes that higher levels of interactive skills and continuous learning orientation were present among students attending private HEIs, while the remaining six graduate attributes indicated no significant differences between the two sectors. The results of this study provide valuable information to HEIs, students, industry and government, as it measures and compares the level of graduate quality produced by public and private HEIs within SA. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-01
Ilmenite megacryst-hosted melt inclusions from the Monastery kimberlite: implications for kimberlite origins
- Authors: Van Huyssteen, Aiden
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: To be added
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178387 , vital:42935
- Description: Polymineralic inclusions encapsulating a daughter assemblage of crystalline phases (including silicates, oxides, and carbonates) and an amorphous glass phase, hosted in ilmenite megacrysts from the Monastery kimberlite, were investigated texturally and geochemically in order to constrain their melt origin, modeof formation, and evolution prior to quenching. The isolated nature of the melt inclusions within the ilmenite megacrysts provides an opportunity to study components of primary kimberlitic magma captured within the SCLM (4.5–6 GPa) that has been isolated from pervasive modifying processes that are common in kimberlites. The common daughter phase assemblage within the melt inclusions comprises serpentine, phlogopite, calcite, spinel, kassite, perovskite, ilmenite, and glass. The glass is Si-Mg-Fe-rich, with low Al2O3 contents. It is also K2O- and TiO2-free, with variably depleted REE. In composition, serpentine forms a crystalline equivalent to the glass. However, these phases are optically distinct. Serpentine represents two modes of formation: (i) discrete euhedral grains set within a glass matrix that represent a primary phase, crystallising directly from the entrapped melts, and (ii) as patches of partially crystallised glass that represent a secondary phase formed by the devitrification of the glass. Spinel and phlogopite form along early kimberlitic evolutionary trends and record the depletion of the melt in TiO2, Al2O3, and K2O, which typically decreases from the core to the rim of the crystals. Volatile and alkali-bearing minerals (calcite, apatite, phlogopite) crystallised within the melt inclusions from the captured alkali-rich carbonated-silicate kimberlite melt. The daughter mineral assemblage initially crystallised as euhedral and subhedral grains with a uniform composition under equilibrium conditions. Subsequent crystallisation formed grains that exhibit magmatic zoning due to their crystallisation in a progressively depleted melt. Lastly, the crystallisation of skeletal oxide grains occurred under disequilibrium conditions, at a stage of magma ascent with rapidly changing variables including temperature, melt viscosity, and diffusivity. Prior to complete crystallisation, the residual Si-Mg-Fe melt of this crystallisation process was quenched to form the observed glass. The phases that constitute the common daughter assemblage show large variations in modal proportions, forming a continuum from silicate-rich to carbonate-rich endmember inclusions, with certain daughter phases absent in some inclusions. This suggests that the melt was heterogenous at the time of capture and comprised immiscible silicic/oxidic and carbonate melts. Phase separation, therefore, may have started prior to capturing of magma batches as inclusions in ilmenite, but further segregation and crystallisation continued after these batches had become isolated from the megacryst matrix as melt inclusions. The immiscibility and co-existence of the silicic/oxidic and carbonate melts is preserved by textural features between calcite and glass, such as rounded globules of calcite grains set within a silicate glass matrix, calcite forming the matrix for euhedral silicate and oxide minerals, and calcite occupying the interior void of skeletal oxide grains set within a silicate glass matrix. Furthermore, spherulitic globular domains of Ca- and Ti-rich glasses set within a matrix of the Si-Mg-Fe glass suggest that the silicic/oxidic melt underwent further segregation into oxide-rich (Ca-Ti) and silicate-rich (Si-Mg-Fe-Al-K-Ti) melts, potentially crystallising the oxide and silicate minerals of the daughter assemblage, respectively. The abundance of incompatible trace elements and the Cr-poor composition of secondary low-Mg ilmenite as a daughter mineral within the melt inclusions (~1400 ppm Nb; <0.1 wt% Cr2O3; <0.1 wt% MgO), in addition to the Cr-poor composition of the other daughter phases within the inclusions (i.e. <0.1 wt% Cr2O3 for phlogopite and spinel), indicate that they crystallised from a similar melt as the Cr-poor, but high Mg-ilmenite megacrysts (~1400 ppm Nb; <0.1 wt% Cr2O3; ~10 wt% MgO). Furthermore, the melt inclusions are randomly distributed and no textural and/or geochemical evidence for melt infiltration of the ilmenite megacrysts was associated with the melt inclusions. These features are consistent with a primary origin for the melt inclusions which implies a cognate relationship between the megacrysts and the captured kimberlite melt. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Geology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Van Huyssteen, Aiden
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: To be added
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178387 , vital:42935
- Description: Polymineralic inclusions encapsulating a daughter assemblage of crystalline phases (including silicates, oxides, and carbonates) and an amorphous glass phase, hosted in ilmenite megacrysts from the Monastery kimberlite, were investigated texturally and geochemically in order to constrain their melt origin, modeof formation, and evolution prior to quenching. The isolated nature of the melt inclusions within the ilmenite megacrysts provides an opportunity to study components of primary kimberlitic magma captured within the SCLM (4.5–6 GPa) that has been isolated from pervasive modifying processes that are common in kimberlites. The common daughter phase assemblage within the melt inclusions comprises serpentine, phlogopite, calcite, spinel, kassite, perovskite, ilmenite, and glass. The glass is Si-Mg-Fe-rich, with low Al2O3 contents. It is also K2O- and TiO2-free, with variably depleted REE. In composition, serpentine forms a crystalline equivalent to the glass. However, these phases are optically distinct. Serpentine represents two modes of formation: (i) discrete euhedral grains set within a glass matrix that represent a primary phase, crystallising directly from the entrapped melts, and (ii) as patches of partially crystallised glass that represent a secondary phase formed by the devitrification of the glass. Spinel and phlogopite form along early kimberlitic evolutionary trends and record the depletion of the melt in TiO2, Al2O3, and K2O, which typically decreases from the core to the rim of the crystals. Volatile and alkali-bearing minerals (calcite, apatite, phlogopite) crystallised within the melt inclusions from the captured alkali-rich carbonated-silicate kimberlite melt. The daughter mineral assemblage initially crystallised as euhedral and subhedral grains with a uniform composition under equilibrium conditions. Subsequent crystallisation formed grains that exhibit magmatic zoning due to their crystallisation in a progressively depleted melt. Lastly, the crystallisation of skeletal oxide grains occurred under disequilibrium conditions, at a stage of magma ascent with rapidly changing variables including temperature, melt viscosity, and diffusivity. Prior to complete crystallisation, the residual Si-Mg-Fe melt of this crystallisation process was quenched to form the observed glass. The phases that constitute the common daughter assemblage show large variations in modal proportions, forming a continuum from silicate-rich to carbonate-rich endmember inclusions, with certain daughter phases absent in some inclusions. This suggests that the melt was heterogenous at the time of capture and comprised immiscible silicic/oxidic and carbonate melts. Phase separation, therefore, may have started prior to capturing of magma batches as inclusions in ilmenite, but further segregation and crystallisation continued after these batches had become isolated from the megacryst matrix as melt inclusions. The immiscibility and co-existence of the silicic/oxidic and carbonate melts is preserved by textural features between calcite and glass, such as rounded globules of calcite grains set within a silicate glass matrix, calcite forming the matrix for euhedral silicate and oxide minerals, and calcite occupying the interior void of skeletal oxide grains set within a silicate glass matrix. Furthermore, spherulitic globular domains of Ca- and Ti-rich glasses set within a matrix of the Si-Mg-Fe glass suggest that the silicic/oxidic melt underwent further segregation into oxide-rich (Ca-Ti) and silicate-rich (Si-Mg-Fe-Al-K-Ti) melts, potentially crystallising the oxide and silicate minerals of the daughter assemblage, respectively. The abundance of incompatible trace elements and the Cr-poor composition of secondary low-Mg ilmenite as a daughter mineral within the melt inclusions (~1400 ppm Nb; <0.1 wt% Cr2O3; <0.1 wt% MgO), in addition to the Cr-poor composition of the other daughter phases within the inclusions (i.e. <0.1 wt% Cr2O3 for phlogopite and spinel), indicate that they crystallised from a similar melt as the Cr-poor, but high Mg-ilmenite megacrysts (~1400 ppm Nb; <0.1 wt% Cr2O3; ~10 wt% MgO). Furthermore, the melt inclusions are randomly distributed and no textural and/or geochemical evidence for melt infiltration of the ilmenite megacrysts was associated with the melt inclusions. These features are consistent with a primary origin for the melt inclusions which implies a cognate relationship between the megacrysts and the captured kimberlite melt. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Geology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Impacts of food security programmes at Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Ngxeba, Zola
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53030 , vital:44875
- Description: Poverty is recognised as one of the greatest challenges faced by developing and the least developed countries. South Africa has been no different with increased levels of poverty which are also inherit from the substantial inequality in the country. Thus, food security programmes have become an innovative way to tackle the issue of poverty across municipalities. Taking a qualitative and quantitative root within the Buffallo City Municipality located in the Eastern Cape, this study evaluated the impact these programmes have on household food security. Through surveys and interviews with participants in the Siyazondla and Siyakhula food programme instituted by department of rural development and agrarian reform (DRDAR) the findings show that beneficiaries benefited heavily from the programmes. Several households reported increased scale of food supply due to programmes such as the gardening projects and inputs within the agricultural process particularly; seeds, fertilizer and equipment neccesary for planting. Thus, conclusively, the outcome of these food security programmes has been positive and it is adviced that the department of rural development and agrarian reform (DRDAR) increase the population of households in the projects offered by the department. Moreover, these projects should be implimented to provide means which could enable communities to continue the projects without need for dependence. This would entail providing individuals with the neccesary skills and education to continue these projects within their households at limited costs. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Ngxeba, Zola
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53030 , vital:44875
- Description: Poverty is recognised as one of the greatest challenges faced by developing and the least developed countries. South Africa has been no different with increased levels of poverty which are also inherit from the substantial inequality in the country. Thus, food security programmes have become an innovative way to tackle the issue of poverty across municipalities. Taking a qualitative and quantitative root within the Buffallo City Municipality located in the Eastern Cape, this study evaluated the impact these programmes have on household food security. Through surveys and interviews with participants in the Siyazondla and Siyakhula food programme instituted by department of rural development and agrarian reform (DRDAR) the findings show that beneficiaries benefited heavily from the programmes. Several households reported increased scale of food supply due to programmes such as the gardening projects and inputs within the agricultural process particularly; seeds, fertilizer and equipment neccesary for planting. Thus, conclusively, the outcome of these food security programmes has been positive and it is adviced that the department of rural development and agrarian reform (DRDAR) increase the population of households in the projects offered by the department. Moreover, these projects should be implimented to provide means which could enable communities to continue the projects without need for dependence. This would entail providing individuals with the neccesary skills and education to continue these projects within their households at limited costs. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Investigation of the Chemical Nature and Species Distribution of Nitromethane in Inert Solvents
- Authors: Namntu, Vuyokozi
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/2964 , vital:43106
- Description: The solution behaviour of nitromethane in inert solvents; carbon tetrachloride, n-hexane and cyclohexane is rigorously investigated using mainly spectroscopic and computational techniques. Analysis of Proton (1H) and Carbon 13 (13C) NMR spectral data reveal that nitromethane solutions in inert solvents form associated species to varying degrees of complexity. A cyclic dimer is postulated as the energetically most favourable chemical species at low solute concentrations. Infrared spectra studied in the overtone region and UV-Visible spectral data confirm the presence of multiple associated chemical species at different solute concentrations with the degree of association progressively increasing with increase in concentration of the solute. The species involved in the association of nitromethane is formulated as (CH3NO2)2n, where n=0, 1,2 and 3, for the monomer, dimer and higher order polymers respectively. Line-shape analysis of both infrared and UV spectra show the onset of a plateau at molar solute concentrations of 0.616 molar described by the point of inflection in the absorption curve at around 0.055 cm-1 , in the second overtone. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Namntu, Vuyokozi
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/2964 , vital:43106
- Description: The solution behaviour of nitromethane in inert solvents; carbon tetrachloride, n-hexane and cyclohexane is rigorously investigated using mainly spectroscopic and computational techniques. Analysis of Proton (1H) and Carbon 13 (13C) NMR spectral data reveal that nitromethane solutions in inert solvents form associated species to varying degrees of complexity. A cyclic dimer is postulated as the energetically most favourable chemical species at low solute concentrations. Infrared spectra studied in the overtone region and UV-Visible spectral data confirm the presence of multiple associated chemical species at different solute concentrations with the degree of association progressively increasing with increase in concentration of the solute. The species involved in the association of nitromethane is formulated as (CH3NO2)2n, where n=0, 1,2 and 3, for the monomer, dimer and higher order polymers respectively. Line-shape analysis of both infrared and UV spectra show the onset of a plateau at molar solute concentrations of 0.616 molar described by the point of inflection in the absorption curve at around 0.055 cm-1 , in the second overtone. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions Towards HIV Testing Among IsiXhosa-Speaking Men in The Zithulele Catchment Area of The Rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Scotcher, Philippa Claire
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6842 , vital:51017
- Description: BACKGROUND South Africa carries the largest burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the world, with over 7.9 million people infected and over 70 000 HIV-related deaths in 2019. Men are 25% more likely to die from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) compared to women, even though women are more likely to be infected. Despite these numbers, only 24.1% of HIV-positive men compared to 64.8% of HIV-positive women were aware of their status. Statistics indicate that men in South Africa are not testing for HIV until it is too late. In order to focus efforts on the prevention of HIV transmission, there is a need to understand why men are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services earlier. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HIV testing of isiXhosa-speaking men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape. METHODS This was a qualitative study using the phenomenological approach. It was conducted among a purposive sample of isiXhosa-speaking men from the Zithulele catchment area, in the OR Tambo district of the Eastern Cape Province. Ten semi-structured interviews and one focus group were conducted in isiXhosa. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and translated into English. The interviews were thematically analysed using an inductive approach. RESULTS Participants from the study had a good understanding of HIV and HIV transmission. They perceived HIV infection as a death sentence, a consequence of immoral behaviour and an indication of failure as man. Reluctance to test for HIV was due to the perception that testing hastens the onset of symptoms and death, whereas disclosure of an HIV-positive status was described as difficult due to the fear of stigmatization. Some of the barriers to accessing HIV testing services included masculine norms, the belief that sickness is equated with weakness, a perceived lack of confidentiality at health facilities and how female-dominated clinics were not male-friendly spaces. Suggestions to improve HIV testing among men included improving targeted education, home-based testing services and utilizing traditional meetings to address men. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may suggest that healthy men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services. The reasons behind this reluctance include false beliefs around HIV and testing, the fear of discrimination, disruption of masculine norms and reluctance to access care at female-dominated health facilities. Further research is needed to explore ways to reach, educate and encourage men to test earlier for HIV. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
- Authors: Scotcher, Philippa Claire
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6842 , vital:51017
- Description: BACKGROUND South Africa carries the largest burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the world, with over 7.9 million people infected and over 70 000 HIV-related deaths in 2019. Men are 25% more likely to die from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) compared to women, even though women are more likely to be infected. Despite these numbers, only 24.1% of HIV-positive men compared to 64.8% of HIV-positive women were aware of their status. Statistics indicate that men in South Africa are not testing for HIV until it is too late. In order to focus efforts on the prevention of HIV transmission, there is a need to understand why men are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services earlier. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HIV testing of isiXhosa-speaking men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape. METHODS This was a qualitative study using the phenomenological approach. It was conducted among a purposive sample of isiXhosa-speaking men from the Zithulele catchment area, in the OR Tambo district of the Eastern Cape Province. Ten semi-structured interviews and one focus group were conducted in isiXhosa. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and translated into English. The interviews were thematically analysed using an inductive approach. RESULTS Participants from the study had a good understanding of HIV and HIV transmission. They perceived HIV infection as a death sentence, a consequence of immoral behaviour and an indication of failure as man. Reluctance to test for HIV was due to the perception that testing hastens the onset of symptoms and death, whereas disclosure of an HIV-positive status was described as difficult due to the fear of stigmatization. Some of the barriers to accessing HIV testing services included masculine norms, the belief that sickness is equated with weakness, a perceived lack of confidentiality at health facilities and how female-dominated clinics were not male-friendly spaces. Suggestions to improve HIV testing among men included improving targeted education, home-based testing services and utilizing traditional meetings to address men. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may suggest that healthy men in the Zithulele catchment area of the rural Eastern Cape are not accessing HIV testing and treatment services. The reasons behind this reluctance include false beliefs around HIV and testing, the fear of discrimination, disruption of masculine norms and reluctance to access care at female-dominated health facilities. Further research is needed to explore ways to reach, educate and encourage men to test earlier for HIV. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
Literary representations of Zimbabwean migrants’ lives in selected texts
- Authors: Mpofu, Tarisai
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Human rights -- Zimbabwe , Homelessness in literature , African diaspora in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3402 , vital:43340
- Description: It has been nearly two decades since Zimbabwe has been engulfed in both political and economic crises which have had untold hardships to the majority of ordinary people. As the hardships worsened it pushed Zimbabweans to migrate to “greener pastures” as a survival strategy. Due to the sheer numbers of people who left the country, migration became a social phenomenon in the country that even literary writers also explored. It is the purpose of this study to analyse literary reactions to migration in Zimbabwe from the turn of the new millennium to date, with particular reference to selected Zimbabwean fiction in the form of the short story and novel. The dissertation examines how Zimbabwean literature represents life in Zimbabwe in the context of this economic malaise that emerged after the year 2000 and the resultant lives of migrants who left the country as a result of this political and economic crisis. Similar to the majority of African literatures, Zimbabwean literature emerges from specific historical events and this study therefore sought to describe literary representations of people’s responses to the crisis and the life of Zimbabwean migrants in the margins of host communities. This study reveals the intricate relationship between literary responses and the conditions that most migrants found themselves in especially as they fled the country and what obtained in host countries. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mpofu, Tarisai
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Human rights -- Zimbabwe , Homelessness in literature , African diaspora in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3402 , vital:43340
- Description: It has been nearly two decades since Zimbabwe has been engulfed in both political and economic crises which have had untold hardships to the majority of ordinary people. As the hardships worsened it pushed Zimbabweans to migrate to “greener pastures” as a survival strategy. Due to the sheer numbers of people who left the country, migration became a social phenomenon in the country that even literary writers also explored. It is the purpose of this study to analyse literary reactions to migration in Zimbabwe from the turn of the new millennium to date, with particular reference to selected Zimbabwean fiction in the form of the short story and novel. The dissertation examines how Zimbabwean literature represents life in Zimbabwe in the context of this economic malaise that emerged after the year 2000 and the resultant lives of migrants who left the country as a result of this political and economic crisis. Similar to the majority of African literatures, Zimbabwean literature emerges from specific historical events and this study therefore sought to describe literary representations of people’s responses to the crisis and the life of Zimbabwean migrants in the margins of host communities. This study reveals the intricate relationship between literary responses and the conditions that most migrants found themselves in especially as they fled the country and what obtained in host countries. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Negotiation of Sex: A Study on Prevention Methods of Gender Based Violence amongst Intimate Partners of Ntabankulu
- Authors: Mketi, Funeka Gloria
- Date: 2014-10
- Subjects: Violent Crimes
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7550 , vital:54348
- Description: ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to investigate whether negotiation of sex between intimate partners can be used as a prevention strategy of gender-based violence. The study included both female and male participants. Availability sampling technique was used to select the sample size of thirty. Participants were recruited from the street and data was collected in a private office. Participant’s ethical rights to confidentiality, anonymity, voluntary participation, and informed consent obtained prior taking part in the study were highly respected. Thirty questionnaires were used to collect data. Nature and prevalence of gender-based violence, attitudes, mechanisms and processes involved in negotiation of sex, and prevention strategies were investigated. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. SPSS analyzed and summarized data into tables. Findings showed that prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) in intimate partners is high. Negotiation of sex can be used as one of the prevention strategies, and the available processes and mechanisms of negotiating sex should be strengthened. Results also revealed that women empowerment in education and interventions focused on changing men’s attitude towards negotiation can help. Lastly, it appears that there is a need for capacitating both females and males with negotiation skills. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculy of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-10
- Authors: Mketi, Funeka Gloria
- Date: 2014-10
- Subjects: Violent Crimes
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7550 , vital:54348
- Description: ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to investigate whether negotiation of sex between intimate partners can be used as a prevention strategy of gender-based violence. The study included both female and male participants. Availability sampling technique was used to select the sample size of thirty. Participants were recruited from the street and data was collected in a private office. Participant’s ethical rights to confidentiality, anonymity, voluntary participation, and informed consent obtained prior taking part in the study were highly respected. Thirty questionnaires were used to collect data. Nature and prevalence of gender-based violence, attitudes, mechanisms and processes involved in negotiation of sex, and prevention strategies were investigated. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. SPSS analyzed and summarized data into tables. Findings showed that prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) in intimate partners is high. Negotiation of sex can be used as one of the prevention strategies, and the available processes and mechanisms of negotiating sex should be strengthened. Results also revealed that women empowerment in education and interventions focused on changing men’s attitude towards negotiation can help. Lastly, it appears that there is a need for capacitating both females and males with negotiation skills. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculy of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014-10
Nurturing an identity of land custodianship of young people through a biodiversity learning programme: The Moletele Youth Learning Programme
- Authors: Mponwana, William Oupa
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Sustainable biodiversity South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Association for Water and Rural Development (South Africa) , Land reform beneficiaries South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Agricultural development projects South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Land use Study and teaching South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Identity (Psychology) Social aspects South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Identity (Psychology) in youth South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Moletele Youth Learning Programme , Moletele Communal Property Association (CPA) , RESILIM-O
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188820 , vital:44789
- Description: This study was an exploration of value creation through scaffolding in a context specific learning programme with young people within the Moletele Communal Property Association (CPA) who own land through the land reform programme in South Africa. The study aimed to support the development the identity of land custodianship amongst young people by developing their skills and competencies in a situated learning context. The study also informed ongoing support work through the RESILIM-O resilience building project implemented by the Association for Water and Rural Development (AWARD) to help the Moletele Community Property Association to better understand the implications of biodiversity and land use for developing sustainable beneficiation projects and planning. A case study approach was adopted through a learning programme with young people as an in-depth exploration of the complexities of land and biodiversity. Data were collected during sessions in the learning programme where we used a spiral framework to facilitate learning focusing on four themes for primary data: knowledge competence, technical skills, self-organization and collective agency which are linked to building an identity of custodianship. Semi structured interviews were conducted at the end of the learning programme as a secondary data source. The study found that scaffolding remained an important process throughout the learning programme, and different types of scaffolding was needed to support the learning processes and themes. Furthermore, different types of value were created over time through the interactions and activities of the learning programme. The study also found that young people have a desire to participate in their communal property association. Lastly the study revealed that building custodianship as an identity is a continuous, long term process that needs commitment of time, resources and supportive learning processes, for an identity of custodianship to emerge. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
- Authors: Mponwana, William Oupa
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Sustainable biodiversity South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Association for Water and Rural Development (South Africa) , Land reform beneficiaries South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Agricultural development projects South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Land use Study and teaching South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Identity (Psychology) Social aspects South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Identity (Psychology) in youth South Africa Mopani District Municipality , Moletele Youth Learning Programme , Moletele Communal Property Association (CPA) , RESILIM-O
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188820 , vital:44789
- Description: This study was an exploration of value creation through scaffolding in a context specific learning programme with young people within the Moletele Communal Property Association (CPA) who own land through the land reform programme in South Africa. The study aimed to support the development the identity of land custodianship amongst young people by developing their skills and competencies in a situated learning context. The study also informed ongoing support work through the RESILIM-O resilience building project implemented by the Association for Water and Rural Development (AWARD) to help the Moletele Community Property Association to better understand the implications of biodiversity and land use for developing sustainable beneficiation projects and planning. A case study approach was adopted through a learning programme with young people as an in-depth exploration of the complexities of land and biodiversity. Data were collected during sessions in the learning programme where we used a spiral framework to facilitate learning focusing on four themes for primary data: knowledge competence, technical skills, self-organization and collective agency which are linked to building an identity of custodianship. Semi structured interviews were conducted at the end of the learning programme as a secondary data source. The study found that scaffolding remained an important process throughout the learning programme, and different types of scaffolding was needed to support the learning processes and themes. Furthermore, different types of value were created over time through the interactions and activities of the learning programme. The study also found that young people have a desire to participate in their communal property association. Lastly the study revealed that building custodianship as an identity is a continuous, long term process that needs commitment of time, resources and supportive learning processes, for an identity of custodianship to emerge. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
Outcomes of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Two Rural District Hospitals, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Lotz, John-D Knipe
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6834 , vital:51018
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) is still rampant in South Africa, and drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) forms a significant part of this burden on both the health care system and economy. A number of interventions have recently been introduced to help curb the growing epidemic of DR-TB, including increasing access to novel and repurposed drugs, decentralisation of care, and a new shorter (9-11 month) treatment regimen recently endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Significantly, this new regimen has now also become injectable-free (also known as an all-oral regimen). However, at the time of implementation in 2017, the shorter regimen was yet to be proven effective in a programmatic setting in South Africa. This is a retrospective cohort study to describe the outcomes in patients on short and long DR-TB treatment regimens, over five years, at two treatment sites in a rural setting in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is the hope that elucidation of factors involved in affecting outcomes in DR-TB may direct future interventions in these two facilities, and the wider DR-TB program in South Africa , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
- Authors: Lotz, John-D Knipe
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6834 , vital:51018
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) is still rampant in South Africa, and drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) forms a significant part of this burden on both the health care system and economy. A number of interventions have recently been introduced to help curb the growing epidemic of DR-TB, including increasing access to novel and repurposed drugs, decentralisation of care, and a new shorter (9-11 month) treatment regimen recently endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Significantly, this new regimen has now also become injectable-free (also known as an all-oral regimen). However, at the time of implementation in 2017, the shorter regimen was yet to be proven effective in a programmatic setting in South Africa. This is a retrospective cohort study to describe the outcomes in patients on short and long DR-TB treatment regimens, over five years, at two treatment sites in a rural setting in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is the hope that elucidation of factors involved in affecting outcomes in DR-TB may direct future interventions in these two facilities, and the wider DR-TB program in South Africa , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
Pedagogic videos as a foreign language learning resource in textbooks used in the German studies section of a South African university: A digital multimodal discourse perspective
- Authors: Schafli, Sasha-Lee
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Language and languages Study and teaching Audio-visual aids , Educational technology , Media programs (Education) , German language Study and teaching Foreign speakers Audio-visual aids , Visual learning , Rhodes University , German language Discourse analysis , Digital multimodal discourse analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177087 , vital:42789 , http://doi.org/10.21504/10962/113934
- Description: Video is a prominent teaching and learning tool within foreign language (FL) textbook media packages in the 21st century. While studies undertaken in the Global North highlight that video materials in the FL classroom have the potential to influence learning and cultural knowledge acquisition, there is a lack of research on the manner in which pedagogically designed videos influence adult FL learning and cultural knowledge acquisition in a South African context. In this study, I explore the opportunities and challenges in terms of language learning and cultural knowledge acquisition that arise from three pedagogic videos in the Menschen A1 textbook which is used in teaching students registered for the German Studies 1 course at Rhodes University. I compare and contrast two sets of data to examine the relationship between pedagogic video and student knowledge acquisition: the results of a digital multimodal discourse analysis (DMDA) of these videos, and questionnaires and transcriptions collected from semi-structured group interviews with German Studies 1 students. These questionnaires and transcriptions were analysed thematically. Findings in terms of the language learning experience indicate that actor over-exaggeration and visual aids assist students when learning German at this level with this type of video. However, these visual aids can be distracting and confusing without balanced representation and contextual information. Differences between videos in terms of speech rate seem to affect students’ perceptions of their ability to comprehend the videos. Students reported forming only positive impressions of German culture(s) on the basis of the videos. In general, students find Germans portrayed as friendly and helpful in the videos. The results of this investigation provide recommendations for the optimal use of this type of teaching and learning resource, for example, teachers/ lecturers/ facilitators should allow for focus group discussions on cultural discourse to occur in order to balance stereotype formation and should consider the speech rate of videos for language learning. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Schafli, Sasha-Lee
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Language and languages Study and teaching Audio-visual aids , Educational technology , Media programs (Education) , German language Study and teaching Foreign speakers Audio-visual aids , Visual learning , Rhodes University , German language Discourse analysis , Digital multimodal discourse analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177087 , vital:42789 , http://doi.org/10.21504/10962/113934
- Description: Video is a prominent teaching and learning tool within foreign language (FL) textbook media packages in the 21st century. While studies undertaken in the Global North highlight that video materials in the FL classroom have the potential to influence learning and cultural knowledge acquisition, there is a lack of research on the manner in which pedagogically designed videos influence adult FL learning and cultural knowledge acquisition in a South African context. In this study, I explore the opportunities and challenges in terms of language learning and cultural knowledge acquisition that arise from three pedagogic videos in the Menschen A1 textbook which is used in teaching students registered for the German Studies 1 course at Rhodes University. I compare and contrast two sets of data to examine the relationship between pedagogic video and student knowledge acquisition: the results of a digital multimodal discourse analysis (DMDA) of these videos, and questionnaires and transcriptions collected from semi-structured group interviews with German Studies 1 students. These questionnaires and transcriptions were analysed thematically. Findings in terms of the language learning experience indicate that actor over-exaggeration and visual aids assist students when learning German at this level with this type of video. However, these visual aids can be distracting and confusing without balanced representation and contextual information. Differences between videos in terms of speech rate seem to affect students’ perceptions of their ability to comprehend the videos. Students reported forming only positive impressions of German culture(s) on the basis of the videos. In general, students find Germans portrayed as friendly and helpful in the videos. The results of this investigation provide recommendations for the optimal use of this type of teaching and learning resource, for example, teachers/ lecturers/ facilitators should allow for focus group discussions on cultural discourse to occur in order to balance stereotype formation and should consider the speech rate of videos for language learning. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Physiological winners and losers in an ocean warming hotspot: a Case study on argyrosomus off the Namibian coast, with implications for their future management
- Authors: Pringle, Brett Andrew
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Argyrosomus Benguela Current , Ocean temperature Benguela Current , Sciaenidae Benguela Current , Argyrosomus Physiology Benguela Current , Argyrosomus Geographical distribution Climatic factors Benguela Current , Argyrosomus Effect of temperature on Benguela Current , Sciaenidae fisheries Namibia , Fishery management Namibia , Sustainable fisheries Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188987 , vital:44804
- Description: Anthropogenic-induced climate change is having a profound impact on aquatic ecosystems, and the resilience of fish populations will be determined by how they respond to these impacts. Changes in ocean water temperature is regarded as the most pervasive change, and affects the biological, physiological and distribution response of species, particularly ectotherms. The increasingly variable biological responses to a changing environment suggest that some species and populations will likely prove to be more tolerant than others. The northern Namibian coast is an ocean warming hotspot, with temperatures rising at approximately ten times the global average. These rapid changes are predicted to have a considerable impact on the marine fauna. One recently documented change in distribution is a southern extension of the sciaenid, Argyrosomus coronus, from southern Angola into northern Namibian waters, where it now overlaps with the closely related Namibian species, Argyrosomus inodorus. Understanding how these species perform at current and future temperatures and where they overlap is vital to optimise any adaptive management for the Argyrosomus species, which forms a large component of Namibia’s coastal commercial, recreational and subsistence fisheries. The aim of this study was to quantify the aerobic scope of both species (A. coronus and A. inodorus), to determine which Argyrosomus species will be a winner at the current and future climate predictions and to provide recommendations for the sustainable management of the Namibian Argyrosomus fishery. Intermittent flow-through respirometry was used to quantify standard and maximum metabolic rates for both species across a range of temperatures. Results showed that metabolic rates scaled positively with temperature. It appears that the aerobic scope of A. inodorus was notably higher at most temperatures (12, 15, 18 and 21˚C), while that of A. coronus was only higher at the warmest test temperature of 24˚C. This corresponded with the contemporary biogeographic patterns of each species. Based on these findings, it is likely that the warming ocean conditions in northern Namibia and the cold Lüdertiz upwelling cell south of Walvis Bay will constrain these fish to central Namibia. While both species demonstrated signs of resilience to high temperatures, it is likely that the warming conditions will increasingly favour A. coronus, and that the leading edge of their distribution will shift southward in Namibia. The distribution of A. inodorus is likely to contract, as the energy budget of those on the northern trailing edge will be compromised. To promote the sustainable utilisation of the complex Argyrosomus fishery, adaptive management strategies need to be implemented. This will only be possible with a comprehensive monitoring program, including the collection of genetic data to inform the changing proportions of the two species. To maintain the A. coronus population, the current regulations need to be re-assessed, and harvest slots should be introduced to protect juvenile A. coronus and the fecund large females of both species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
- Authors: Pringle, Brett Andrew
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Argyrosomus Benguela Current , Ocean temperature Benguela Current , Sciaenidae Benguela Current , Argyrosomus Physiology Benguela Current , Argyrosomus Geographical distribution Climatic factors Benguela Current , Argyrosomus Effect of temperature on Benguela Current , Sciaenidae fisheries Namibia , Fishery management Namibia , Sustainable fisheries Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188987 , vital:44804
- Description: Anthropogenic-induced climate change is having a profound impact on aquatic ecosystems, and the resilience of fish populations will be determined by how they respond to these impacts. Changes in ocean water temperature is regarded as the most pervasive change, and affects the biological, physiological and distribution response of species, particularly ectotherms. The increasingly variable biological responses to a changing environment suggest that some species and populations will likely prove to be more tolerant than others. The northern Namibian coast is an ocean warming hotspot, with temperatures rising at approximately ten times the global average. These rapid changes are predicted to have a considerable impact on the marine fauna. One recently documented change in distribution is a southern extension of the sciaenid, Argyrosomus coronus, from southern Angola into northern Namibian waters, where it now overlaps with the closely related Namibian species, Argyrosomus inodorus. Understanding how these species perform at current and future temperatures and where they overlap is vital to optimise any adaptive management for the Argyrosomus species, which forms a large component of Namibia’s coastal commercial, recreational and subsistence fisheries. The aim of this study was to quantify the aerobic scope of both species (A. coronus and A. inodorus), to determine which Argyrosomus species will be a winner at the current and future climate predictions and to provide recommendations for the sustainable management of the Namibian Argyrosomus fishery. Intermittent flow-through respirometry was used to quantify standard and maximum metabolic rates for both species across a range of temperatures. Results showed that metabolic rates scaled positively with temperature. It appears that the aerobic scope of A. inodorus was notably higher at most temperatures (12, 15, 18 and 21˚C), while that of A. coronus was only higher at the warmest test temperature of 24˚C. This corresponded with the contemporary biogeographic patterns of each species. Based on these findings, it is likely that the warming ocean conditions in northern Namibia and the cold Lüdertiz upwelling cell south of Walvis Bay will constrain these fish to central Namibia. While both species demonstrated signs of resilience to high temperatures, it is likely that the warming conditions will increasingly favour A. coronus, and that the leading edge of their distribution will shift southward in Namibia. The distribution of A. inodorus is likely to contract, as the energy budget of those on the northern trailing edge will be compromised. To promote the sustainable utilisation of the complex Argyrosomus fishery, adaptive management strategies need to be implemented. This will only be possible with a comprehensive monitoring program, including the collection of genetic data to inform the changing proportions of the two species. To maintain the A. coronus population, the current regulations need to be re-assessed, and harvest slots should be introduced to protect juvenile A. coronus and the fecund large females of both species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
Potential Synergism between Entomopathogenic Fungi and Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the control of false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta)
- Authors: Prinsloo, Samantha Lee
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Entomopathogenic fungi , Insect nematodes , Citrus Diseases and pests , Cryptophlebia leucotreta Biological control , Pests Integrated control , Biological pest control agents
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188832 , vital:44790
- Description: False codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (FCM), is a major phytosanitary pest of citrus in South Africa. Sufficient control measures for the soil-dwelling life stages of FCM have yet to be identified and owing to restrictions on the use of insecticides, non-chemical control options have been investigated including the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). Laboratory and field trials on an indigenous EPF, Metarhizium anisopliae FCM Ar 23 B3, have shown that this isolate is capable of inducing mortality in FCM soil-dwelling life stages. Other agents that have been highlighted as potential controls for soil-dwelling FCM life stages are the EPN species Steinernema yirgalemense 157-C, S. jeffreyense J194 and H. noenieputensis 158-C. This study conducted laboratory bioassays to assess the virulence of these four control agents on fifth instar FCM, in 24-well plates. These results reaffirmed the virulence of the four microbial control agents at their recommended doses of 50 IJs (EPN) and 1×107 conidia/ml (EPF) against fifth instar FCM with 80 to 96% larval mortality recorded. The EPF isolate exhibited the lowest mortality whilst S. yirgalemense induced the greatest mortality. In addition, the lethal concentration (LC) values for each isolate were determined using dose response bioassays. These values were previously unknown for all EPN species and for the EPF isolate based on the methodology used in this study. The LC50 results in order from lowest to highest EPN IJ concentration requirements were 4.38 IJs (S. yirgalemense), 4.47 IJs (S. jeffreyense) and 7.11 IJs (H. noenieputensis). The EPF isolate exhibited an LC50 of 3.42×105 conidia/ml. Lastly, research has shown that the combination of two control agents may increase control of late instar lepidopteran and coleopteran larvae, through synergistic interactions. Thus, the interactions that occurred between the combination of these EPN species with the EPF isolate were determined. This study found that when all three EPN species were combined simultaneously and sequentially with the EPF isolate M. anisopliae FCM AR 23 B3, additive interactions took place with exception of the simultaneous application of S. yirgalemense and H. noenieputensis, with the EPF and S. jeffreyense applied 24 h post EPF application. For the former, a synergistic interaction was found, whilst for the latter two, an antagonistic interaction. Although no strongly synergistic interactions were observed, additive interactions have been shown to reach a synergistic level when certain parameters are changed. Moving forward, a uniform methodology for conducting EPF/EPN interaction experiments has been suggested. It has also been recommended that due to the additive interactions observed in this study, laboratory soil-bioassays and field trials should be carried out for all three EPN species in combination with the EPF isolate. This research will inevitably facilitate the constant knowledge into management strategies for the phytosanitary pest, FCM in South African citrus. , Thesis (MSc) -- Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
- Authors: Prinsloo, Samantha Lee
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Cryptophlebia leucotreta , Entomopathogenic fungi , Insect nematodes , Citrus Diseases and pests , Cryptophlebia leucotreta Biological control , Pests Integrated control , Biological pest control agents
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188832 , vital:44790
- Description: False codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (FCM), is a major phytosanitary pest of citrus in South Africa. Sufficient control measures for the soil-dwelling life stages of FCM have yet to be identified and owing to restrictions on the use of insecticides, non-chemical control options have been investigated including the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). Laboratory and field trials on an indigenous EPF, Metarhizium anisopliae FCM Ar 23 B3, have shown that this isolate is capable of inducing mortality in FCM soil-dwelling life stages. Other agents that have been highlighted as potential controls for soil-dwelling FCM life stages are the EPN species Steinernema yirgalemense 157-C, S. jeffreyense J194 and H. noenieputensis 158-C. This study conducted laboratory bioassays to assess the virulence of these four control agents on fifth instar FCM, in 24-well plates. These results reaffirmed the virulence of the four microbial control agents at their recommended doses of 50 IJs (EPN) and 1×107 conidia/ml (EPF) against fifth instar FCM with 80 to 96% larval mortality recorded. The EPF isolate exhibited the lowest mortality whilst S. yirgalemense induced the greatest mortality. In addition, the lethal concentration (LC) values for each isolate were determined using dose response bioassays. These values were previously unknown for all EPN species and for the EPF isolate based on the methodology used in this study. The LC50 results in order from lowest to highest EPN IJ concentration requirements were 4.38 IJs (S. yirgalemense), 4.47 IJs (S. jeffreyense) and 7.11 IJs (H. noenieputensis). The EPF isolate exhibited an LC50 of 3.42×105 conidia/ml. Lastly, research has shown that the combination of two control agents may increase control of late instar lepidopteran and coleopteran larvae, through synergistic interactions. Thus, the interactions that occurred between the combination of these EPN species with the EPF isolate were determined. This study found that when all three EPN species were combined simultaneously and sequentially with the EPF isolate M. anisopliae FCM AR 23 B3, additive interactions took place with exception of the simultaneous application of S. yirgalemense and H. noenieputensis, with the EPF and S. jeffreyense applied 24 h post EPF application. For the former, a synergistic interaction was found, whilst for the latter two, an antagonistic interaction. Although no strongly synergistic interactions were observed, additive interactions have been shown to reach a synergistic level when certain parameters are changed. Moving forward, a uniform methodology for conducting EPF/EPN interaction experiments has been suggested. It has also been recommended that due to the additive interactions observed in this study, laboratory soil-bioassays and field trials should be carried out for all three EPN species in combination with the EPF isolate. This research will inevitably facilitate the constant knowledge into management strategies for the phytosanitary pest, FCM in South African citrus. , Thesis (MSc) -- Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
Prevalence and Implications of Telecommunication Counselling
- Authors: Lusiba, Sinazo.
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Counseling
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7554 , vital:54349
- Description: ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore prevalence and implications of telecommunication counselling. Available literature suggests that telecommunication counselling may have far-reaching implications in the mental health practice in general, and particularly in psychology. This study was guided by the social information processing theoretical framework. A total number of 26 mental health practitioners aged from 22 to 45 were selected using purposive sampling. In this study questionnaires were distributed to respondents through email, email was also used to collect the research data. Research ethics, such as confidentiality, anonymity, and voluntary participation, were strictly observed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyse the data. The analysed data are presented in frequency tables and graphs. This study found that there are effectiveness and efficiency factors associated with the use telecommunication counselling. Furthermore, the findings imply that the popularity of this type of counselling has been growing steadily in the past few years, especially in urban areas. Furthermore, despite the increase and growing popularity in the use of telecommunication counselling, the results suggest the presence of ethical dilemmas that confront the practitioners. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculy of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Lusiba, Sinazo.
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Counseling
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7554 , vital:54349
- Description: ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore prevalence and implications of telecommunication counselling. Available literature suggests that telecommunication counselling may have far-reaching implications in the mental health practice in general, and particularly in psychology. This study was guided by the social information processing theoretical framework. A total number of 26 mental health practitioners aged from 22 to 45 were selected using purposive sampling. In this study questionnaires were distributed to respondents through email, email was also used to collect the research data. Research ethics, such as confidentiality, anonymity, and voluntary participation, were strictly observed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyse the data. The analysed data are presented in frequency tables and graphs. This study found that there are effectiveness and efficiency factors associated with the use telecommunication counselling. Furthermore, the findings imply that the popularity of this type of counselling has been growing steadily in the past few years, especially in urban areas. Furthermore, despite the increase and growing popularity in the use of telecommunication counselling, the results suggest the presence of ethical dilemmas that confront the practitioners. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculy of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Quantifying the ecological and socioeconomic implications of a recovery/collapse of South Africa’s West Coast rock lobster fishery
- Authors: Eggers, Jessica Marguerite
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Jasus lalandii South Africa , Lobster fisheries South Africa , Lobster fisheries Catch effort South Africa , Fishery management South Africa , Small-scale fisheries South Africa , Economics Sociological aspects , Value chain analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188854 , vital:44792
- Description: The West Coast rock lobster (WCRL) Jasus lalandii fishery is South Africa’s third most valuable fishery, but the stock is currently at less than 2% of its pristine biomass. Scientists are warning that if no measures are taken, the WCRL could face commercial extinction. The necessary reductions in the global Total allowable Catch (TAC) seen in past years have had large economic implications for the WCRL value chain, but research into the socio-economic aspects of this fishery is limited. This study, therefore, aims to establish an overview of the economic revenue over the seasons 2016/17 – 2018/19 by exploring changes and trends in the net seasonal income (NSI) for the fishery, sectors within the fishery and different stakeholders. It also investigates the prospects for the sectors and different actors in this fishery over the seasons 2019/2020 - 2030/31 through analysis of the net present value (NPV) under three proposed global TAC management scenarios (global TAC of 640 tonnes, 1084 tonnes and 1280 tonnes). Data concerning costs and incomes as well as dynamics, mechanisms and concerns surrounding the fishery were collected from stakeholders in the different sectors through interviews and surveys. Further, official records from DEFF (catches, actors, vessels and quotas) and projections made by the Marine Resource Assessment (MARAM) team at the University of Cape Town (rates of recovery of the resource and future catches under the different TAC scenarios) were obtained and analysed. Cost and income data were summarised and models characterising the economic flows within the fishery were created. Calculations regarding the NSI and NPV were made using Monte Carlo simulations to account for the uncertainty surrounding many of the input variables. Results show that while the fishery as a whole made economic profits for the three seasons, the decreasing quotas in 2018/19 had a disproportionately negative impact on some of the representative individuals examined within the different sectors. The projections indicate that while each of the sectors as a whole would continue to make profits largely proportional to their allocation under the different TAC scenarios, many vessel owners in the fishery are likely to face economic losses or very marginal gains under the lower quota options, while the NPV for quota holders who outsource the catching of their quota are likely to be proportionally less affected by the changes in global TAC. This dynamic is important to consider for the future of this fishery. If the resource is to recover, and fishing activity is to continue equitably under the decreased quotas that the recovery of the biomass necessitates, the socio-economic context and the dynamics within which the fishers operate must be considered and studied more extensively and socio-economic consequences of a lower global TAC mitigated while improving the ecological status of the resource. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
- Authors: Eggers, Jessica Marguerite
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Jasus lalandii South Africa , Lobster fisheries South Africa , Lobster fisheries Catch effort South Africa , Fishery management South Africa , Small-scale fisheries South Africa , Economics Sociological aspects , Value chain analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188854 , vital:44792
- Description: The West Coast rock lobster (WCRL) Jasus lalandii fishery is South Africa’s third most valuable fishery, but the stock is currently at less than 2% of its pristine biomass. Scientists are warning that if no measures are taken, the WCRL could face commercial extinction. The necessary reductions in the global Total allowable Catch (TAC) seen in past years have had large economic implications for the WCRL value chain, but research into the socio-economic aspects of this fishery is limited. This study, therefore, aims to establish an overview of the economic revenue over the seasons 2016/17 – 2018/19 by exploring changes and trends in the net seasonal income (NSI) for the fishery, sectors within the fishery and different stakeholders. It also investigates the prospects for the sectors and different actors in this fishery over the seasons 2019/2020 - 2030/31 through analysis of the net present value (NPV) under three proposed global TAC management scenarios (global TAC of 640 tonnes, 1084 tonnes and 1280 tonnes). Data concerning costs and incomes as well as dynamics, mechanisms and concerns surrounding the fishery were collected from stakeholders in the different sectors through interviews and surveys. Further, official records from DEFF (catches, actors, vessels and quotas) and projections made by the Marine Resource Assessment (MARAM) team at the University of Cape Town (rates of recovery of the resource and future catches under the different TAC scenarios) were obtained and analysed. Cost and income data were summarised and models characterising the economic flows within the fishery were created. Calculations regarding the NSI and NPV were made using Monte Carlo simulations to account for the uncertainty surrounding many of the input variables. Results show that while the fishery as a whole made economic profits for the three seasons, the decreasing quotas in 2018/19 had a disproportionately negative impact on some of the representative individuals examined within the different sectors. The projections indicate that while each of the sectors as a whole would continue to make profits largely proportional to their allocation under the different TAC scenarios, many vessel owners in the fishery are likely to face economic losses or very marginal gains under the lower quota options, while the NPV for quota holders who outsource the catching of their quota are likely to be proportionally less affected by the changes in global TAC. This dynamic is important to consider for the future of this fishery. If the resource is to recover, and fishing activity is to continue equitably under the decreased quotas that the recovery of the biomass necessitates, the socio-economic context and the dynamics within which the fishers operate must be considered and studied more extensively and socio-economic consequences of a lower global TAC mitigated while improving the ecological status of the resource. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
Re-thinking freedom: selected Life-Writings of South African Born-frees
- Authors: Mpendulo, Mashumi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Born-Frees , Freedom of expression , Post-apartheid era -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3400 , vital:43339
- Description: Ideas of freedom in post-apartheid South Africa cannot be understood in isolation from the lived experiences of the people we often consider as the future of South Africa. Freedom is a time-bound value whose meaning keeps changing as time goes by, and our understanding of freedom before 1994 cannot be the same as today. With close reference to the selected life writings of South African born-frees, this study examines ideas of freedom as expressed in these texts written from the perspectives of ordinary young black people in post-apartheid South Africa. It unpacks the youth’s rejection of the tag ‘born-free’ by bringing out the difficulties of their upbringing in poverty and inequality. This work argues that poverty, inequality, unemployment, and dilapidated infrastructure in public schools are still very much a feature of post-apartheid South Africa, and that the government is yet to fully transform the lives of ordinary black people who much as they try to do so themselves, are still faced with structural inequalities, physical and symbolic violence. Through decolonial theory, the selected texts are analysed to trace the legacies of colonialism and apartheid and how notions of freedom have changed over time. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mpendulo, Mashumi
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Born-Frees , Freedom of expression , Post-apartheid era -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3400 , vital:43339
- Description: Ideas of freedom in post-apartheid South Africa cannot be understood in isolation from the lived experiences of the people we often consider as the future of South Africa. Freedom is a time-bound value whose meaning keeps changing as time goes by, and our understanding of freedom before 1994 cannot be the same as today. With close reference to the selected life writings of South African born-frees, this study examines ideas of freedom as expressed in these texts written from the perspectives of ordinary young black people in post-apartheid South Africa. It unpacks the youth’s rejection of the tag ‘born-free’ by bringing out the difficulties of their upbringing in poverty and inequality. This work argues that poverty, inequality, unemployment, and dilapidated infrastructure in public schools are still very much a feature of post-apartheid South Africa, and that the government is yet to fully transform the lives of ordinary black people who much as they try to do so themselves, are still faced with structural inequalities, physical and symbolic violence. Through decolonial theory, the selected texts are analysed to trace the legacies of colonialism and apartheid and how notions of freedom have changed over time. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
The Effects of Monaural Beat Technology on Learners' Experiences of Music Performance Anxiety (MPA)
- Authors: Flanagan, Jayson Edward
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Performance anxiety Alternative treatment , School music South Africa Makhanda , Music students South Africa Makhanda Examinations , Beats (Acoustics) Psychological aspects , Monaural Beat Technology
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188419 , vital:44752
- Description: Music performance anxiety (MPA) is related to the experience of persisting, distressful, apprehensions about and/or actual impairment of performance skills in a public context, to a degree unwarranted given the individual’s musical aptitude, training and level of preparation (Salmon 1990). This research project set out to investigate learners’ subjective experiences of the effects of monaural beat (MB) vibrational frequencies on their experiences of MPA. The research project was a qualitative study based on a phenomenological research paradigm, which fundamentally aims to explore an experience in its own terms (Smith et al. 2009). The research participants consisted of four subject music pupils at St Andrew’s College and The Diocesan School for Girls and were interviewed through in-depth, semi-structured interviews over two practical examinations. The results suggested that various factors contribute to the experience of music performance anxiety, such as the performers’ perceptions of audience reactions, as well as the context of the performance. Self-esteem and the performer’s fragile sense of self-worth and self-confidence also play an important role in influencing their music performance anxiety. However, listening to monaural beats during a performance has the ability to lower levels of music performance anxiety by eliciting the following effects: an improved sense of confidence within the listeners; a sense of calm; the monaural beats working on a passive awareness level that allows the beat to operate at a sub-conscious level; the ability to focus better on the task at hand as well as benefit the listener in non-musical contexts such as studying; general concentration or ordinary tasks such as gardening or going for a run. The research suggests that listening to monaural beats during a musical performance can benefit the performer by lowering levels of MPA. As a result, the performer will experience an improved sense of confidence, calmness and the ability to focus better on the task at hand. Monaural beats have also shown to be a useful method of dealing with MPA instead of resorting to pharmaceutical drugs or other methods of coping such as playing games for distraction. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Flanagan, Jayson Edward
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Performance anxiety Alternative treatment , School music South Africa Makhanda , Music students South Africa Makhanda Examinations , Beats (Acoustics) Psychological aspects , Monaural Beat Technology
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188419 , vital:44752
- Description: Music performance anxiety (MPA) is related to the experience of persisting, distressful, apprehensions about and/or actual impairment of performance skills in a public context, to a degree unwarranted given the individual’s musical aptitude, training and level of preparation (Salmon 1990). This research project set out to investigate learners’ subjective experiences of the effects of monaural beat (MB) vibrational frequencies on their experiences of MPA. The research project was a qualitative study based on a phenomenological research paradigm, which fundamentally aims to explore an experience in its own terms (Smith et al. 2009). The research participants consisted of four subject music pupils at St Andrew’s College and The Diocesan School for Girls and were interviewed through in-depth, semi-structured interviews over two practical examinations. The results suggested that various factors contribute to the experience of music performance anxiety, such as the performers’ perceptions of audience reactions, as well as the context of the performance. Self-esteem and the performer’s fragile sense of self-worth and self-confidence also play an important role in influencing their music performance anxiety. However, listening to monaural beats during a performance has the ability to lower levels of music performance anxiety by eliciting the following effects: an improved sense of confidence within the listeners; a sense of calm; the monaural beats working on a passive awareness level that allows the beat to operate at a sub-conscious level; the ability to focus better on the task at hand as well as benefit the listener in non-musical contexts such as studying; general concentration or ordinary tasks such as gardening or going for a run. The research suggests that listening to monaural beats during a musical performance can benefit the performer by lowering levels of MPA. As a result, the performer will experience an improved sense of confidence, calmness and the ability to focus better on the task at hand. Monaural beats have also shown to be a useful method of dealing with MPA instead of resorting to pharmaceutical drugs or other methods of coping such as playing games for distraction. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
The factors to be considered by the competition authorities when a fine may cause the firm to exit
- Authors: Quilliam, Layne Edwin
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: South Africa. Competition Act, 1998 , Competition Tribunal (South Africa) , Business enterprises Law and legislation South Africa , Debt-to-equity ratio South Africa , Bankruptcy Prevention , Causation , Competition
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188408 , vital:44751
- Description: The Competition Act empowers the Competition Tribunal to levy fines against a firm for certain contraventions of the Act. Such fines are statutorily capped to prevent the fine from causing the firm’s exit. This maximum is based on the overarching principle of fairness which precludes a fine, on its own, from destroying a firm’s business. However, the Competition Appeal Court acknowledged in 2013 that fines below this cap may still cause a firm to exit. The purpose of this paper is to propose the factors that should be considered when determining a firm’s ability to pay such a below-cap fine. These factors are the calculation of the fine, probable exit, causation of exit and the competitive effect of the firm’s exit. The fining provisions of the Act are initially explored to provide context for the discussion and are then compared to equivalent provisions in Europe. Liquidation and business rescue proceedings are then described as the most common forms of a firm’s exit from the market. Methods for determining the causal relationship between the fine and the firm’s exit are explored through delictual law’s factual and legal causation. The competitive effects of the firm’s exit are premised on the purpose of the Competition Act and are evaluated through the Competition Act’s merger provisions, specifically, the failing firm factor. These proposed factors are then tested through hypothetical facts to analyse their possible interactions and efficacy. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
- Authors: Quilliam, Layne Edwin
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: South Africa. Competition Act, 1998 , Competition Tribunal (South Africa) , Business enterprises Law and legislation South Africa , Debt-to-equity ratio South Africa , Bankruptcy Prevention , Causation , Competition
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188408 , vital:44751
- Description: The Competition Act empowers the Competition Tribunal to levy fines against a firm for certain contraventions of the Act. Such fines are statutorily capped to prevent the fine from causing the firm’s exit. This maximum is based on the overarching principle of fairness which precludes a fine, on its own, from destroying a firm’s business. However, the Competition Appeal Court acknowledged in 2013 that fines below this cap may still cause a firm to exit. The purpose of this paper is to propose the factors that should be considered when determining a firm’s ability to pay such a below-cap fine. These factors are the calculation of the fine, probable exit, causation of exit and the competitive effect of the firm’s exit. The fining provisions of the Act are initially explored to provide context for the discussion and are then compared to equivalent provisions in Europe. Liquidation and business rescue proceedings are then described as the most common forms of a firm’s exit from the market. Methods for determining the causal relationship between the fine and the firm’s exit are explored through delictual law’s factual and legal causation. The competitive effects of the firm’s exit are premised on the purpose of the Competition Act and are evaluated through the Competition Act’s merger provisions, specifically, the failing firm factor. These proposed factors are then tested through hypothetical facts to analyse their possible interactions and efficacy. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Law, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
The Impact of Direct Marketing on Consumer Buying Decisions in Mthatha’s Cosmetic Industry
- Authors: Mlobothi, Lusanda
- Date: 2022-00
- Subjects: Direct Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8010 , vital:59302
- Description: This study aimed to investigate the impact of direct marketing on consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry. Direct marketing was measured by four dimensions, namely telemarketing, magazine advertisement, door-to-door selling and television home shopping. To achieve the aim, the research study adopted a positivist paradigm which was motivated by the quantitative approach using the explanatory research design. A self-administered questionnaire was issued to 300 respondents using the snowball sampling technique. The respondents were consumers that purchase cosmetic products sold through direct marketing channels in Mthatha. The key findings of the study, under the simple linear regression, revealed that telemarketing, magazine advertisements, and television home shopping influence consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry respectively. However, door-to-door selling does not influence consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry. Under the hierarchal regression analysis, the findings revealed that direct marketing influences consumer buying decisions after controlling for the respondents’ demographic variables (educational level, age, gender, marital status, and income level) in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry respectively. Based on the findings, policymakers should assist cosmetic organisations to progress from the manufacturing stage to the commercialisation stage. They should also provide capital and resources to small businesses to up-scale the size of the organisation. Based on the findings, this study will assist direct marketers to gain more understanding of how consumers think and the stages they undergo before making a purchase of a cosmetic product. Key words: Telemarketing, door-to-door selling, consumer buying decisions, television home shopping, magazine advertisements and direct marketing. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Commerce and Administration, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-00
- Authors: Mlobothi, Lusanda
- Date: 2022-00
- Subjects: Direct Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8010 , vital:59302
- Description: This study aimed to investigate the impact of direct marketing on consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry. Direct marketing was measured by four dimensions, namely telemarketing, magazine advertisement, door-to-door selling and television home shopping. To achieve the aim, the research study adopted a positivist paradigm which was motivated by the quantitative approach using the explanatory research design. A self-administered questionnaire was issued to 300 respondents using the snowball sampling technique. The respondents were consumers that purchase cosmetic products sold through direct marketing channels in Mthatha. The key findings of the study, under the simple linear regression, revealed that telemarketing, magazine advertisements, and television home shopping influence consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry respectively. However, door-to-door selling does not influence consumer buying decisions in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry. Under the hierarchal regression analysis, the findings revealed that direct marketing influences consumer buying decisions after controlling for the respondents’ demographic variables (educational level, age, gender, marital status, and income level) in Mthatha’s cosmetic industry respectively. Based on the findings, policymakers should assist cosmetic organisations to progress from the manufacturing stage to the commercialisation stage. They should also provide capital and resources to small businesses to up-scale the size of the organisation. Based on the findings, this study will assist direct marketers to gain more understanding of how consumers think and the stages they undergo before making a purchase of a cosmetic product. Key words: Telemarketing, door-to-door selling, consumer buying decisions, television home shopping, magazine advertisements and direct marketing. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Commerce and Administration, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-00
The synthesis and characterisation of Sn(IV) porphyrin derivatives and their potential application in anti-cancer and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
- Authors: Dingiswayo, Somila
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Porphyrins , Photochemotherapy , Cancer Photochemotherapy , Active oxygen Physiological effect , Aromaticity (Chemistry) , Tetrapyrroles , Magnetic circular dichroism , Corroles , Chlorins , Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188843 , vital:44791
- Description: In photodynamic therapy (PDT), the activation of light-sensitive drugs in tumour cells produces reactive singlet oxygen species, which cause tumour destruction through a cascade of biochemical reactions. Over the years, the wavelength of activation has been shown to be a critical factor in the penetration of light. Hence the properties of photosensitiser dyes in this context shape their ability to treat deep-seated tumours. In this study, the synthesis, structural characterisation and photophysicochemical properties of a series of Sn(IV) porphyrins with meso-methylthiophenyl rings that have been prepared to study their PDT and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) activity properties are reported. The series of Sn(IV) complexes is comprised of a porphyrin (1-Sn), a corrole (2-Sn), a chlorin (3-Sn) and an N-confused porphyrin (4-Sn). Herein, the low symmetry Sn(IV) porphyrin derivatives are shown to have excellent singlet oxygen generation capabilities, and lifetimes of the triplet excited states were in the microsecond range. For example, 4-Sn had a singlet oxygen quantum yield (ФΔ) and an excited triplet state lifetime (τT) of 0.88 and 27 μs, respectively. The complexes were studied using UV-visible and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopies. Interestingly, the positive-to-negative sign sequences of the Faraday B0 terms of 2-Sn and 3-Sn reveal that the structural modifications involved break the degeneracy of the MOs derived from the 1eg* LUMO of the porphyrin 1-Sn. In contrast, a conventional negative-to-positive sign sequence is observed for 4-Sn, since the confusion of a pyrrole moiety also results in a large separation of the 1a1u and 1a2u MOs of the porphyrin 1-Sn that are derived from the HOMO of a C16H162−parent hydrocarbon perimeter. The trends in the electronic structures of the Sn(IV) complexes were further investigated through a series of time-dependent density functional theory calculations, so that the suitability of the different types of complex for use in singlet oxygen applications could be further explored. During in vitro photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) studies, chlorin derivative 3-Sn had the highest activity towards S. aureus and E. coli with log10 reductions of 10.5 and 8.74, respectively. The unusually high activity of 3-Sn against E.coli suggests that the interaction of neutral photosensitisers with gram-negativebacteria is more complex than previously understood. Anti-cancer PDT studies demonstrated that the photosensitisers had negligible dark cytotoxicity. Upon photoirradiation, the Sn(IV) complexes consistently exhibited IC50 values lower than 15 μM against MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cells. An IC50 value of 1.4 μM for 4-Sn after activation at the deep-red region of the spectrum demonstrates that complexes of this type merit further in-depth investigation. The results provide evidence that the low-symmetry Sn(IV) chlorins and N-confused porphyrins merit further in-depth study for use in singlet oxygen applications. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
- Authors: Dingiswayo, Somila
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Porphyrins , Photochemotherapy , Cancer Photochemotherapy , Active oxygen Physiological effect , Aromaticity (Chemistry) , Tetrapyrroles , Magnetic circular dichroism , Corroles , Chlorins , Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188843 , vital:44791
- Description: In photodynamic therapy (PDT), the activation of light-sensitive drugs in tumour cells produces reactive singlet oxygen species, which cause tumour destruction through a cascade of biochemical reactions. Over the years, the wavelength of activation has been shown to be a critical factor in the penetration of light. Hence the properties of photosensitiser dyes in this context shape their ability to treat deep-seated tumours. In this study, the synthesis, structural characterisation and photophysicochemical properties of a series of Sn(IV) porphyrins with meso-methylthiophenyl rings that have been prepared to study their PDT and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) activity properties are reported. The series of Sn(IV) complexes is comprised of a porphyrin (1-Sn), a corrole (2-Sn), a chlorin (3-Sn) and an N-confused porphyrin (4-Sn). Herein, the low symmetry Sn(IV) porphyrin derivatives are shown to have excellent singlet oxygen generation capabilities, and lifetimes of the triplet excited states were in the microsecond range. For example, 4-Sn had a singlet oxygen quantum yield (ФΔ) and an excited triplet state lifetime (τT) of 0.88 and 27 μs, respectively. The complexes were studied using UV-visible and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopies. Interestingly, the positive-to-negative sign sequences of the Faraday B0 terms of 2-Sn and 3-Sn reveal that the structural modifications involved break the degeneracy of the MOs derived from the 1eg* LUMO of the porphyrin 1-Sn. In contrast, a conventional negative-to-positive sign sequence is observed for 4-Sn, since the confusion of a pyrrole moiety also results in a large separation of the 1a1u and 1a2u MOs of the porphyrin 1-Sn that are derived from the HOMO of a C16H162−parent hydrocarbon perimeter. The trends in the electronic structures of the Sn(IV) complexes were further investigated through a series of time-dependent density functional theory calculations, so that the suitability of the different types of complex for use in singlet oxygen applications could be further explored. During in vitro photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) studies, chlorin derivative 3-Sn had the highest activity towards S. aureus and E. coli with log10 reductions of 10.5 and 8.74, respectively. The unusually high activity of 3-Sn against E.coli suggests that the interaction of neutral photosensitisers with gram-negativebacteria is more complex than previously understood. Anti-cancer PDT studies demonstrated that the photosensitisers had negligible dark cytotoxicity. Upon photoirradiation, the Sn(IV) complexes consistently exhibited IC50 values lower than 15 μM against MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cells. An IC50 value of 1.4 μM for 4-Sn after activation at the deep-red region of the spectrum demonstrates that complexes of this type merit further in-depth investigation. The results provide evidence that the low-symmetry Sn(IV) chlorins and N-confused porphyrins merit further in-depth study for use in singlet oxygen applications. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10