Some socio-economic aspects of African entrepreneurship: with particular reference to the Transkei and Ciskei
- Authors: Hart, Gillian Patricia
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Businessmen -- South Africa Business enterprises -- South Africa Entrepreneurship Business enterprises, Black -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2487 , vital:20297
- Description: This work encompasses an inquiry into the role of the entrepreneur in economic development, and a report of interviews with eighty African businessmen in the Transkei, Ciskei and some urban locations. South Africa provides a particularly interesting field for the study of African enterprise insofar as it is possible to examine the evolution of entrepreneurship in two fundamentally different environments - namely rural reserves and large urban areas. Furthermore, there has been a substantial increase in the number of African entrepreneurs during this century. The study achieves added significance in view of the wide racial income differentials which are an endemic feature of South African socio-economic existence; moreover, there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that, despite the high real growth rates during recent years, the racial income gap is widening.’ A corollary to this is the worsening of the relative - though not necessarily the absolute - economic position of the Black population. Hence: "the fundamental question for South Africa's economic future revolves around the income relationship between the Whites and the African segment of the non-White group." , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
- Authors: Hart, Gillian Patricia
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Businessmen -- South Africa Business enterprises -- South Africa Entrepreneurship Business enterprises, Black -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2487 , vital:20297
- Description: This work encompasses an inquiry into the role of the entrepreneur in economic development, and a report of interviews with eighty African businessmen in the Transkei, Ciskei and some urban locations. South Africa provides a particularly interesting field for the study of African enterprise insofar as it is possible to examine the evolution of entrepreneurship in two fundamentally different environments - namely rural reserves and large urban areas. Furthermore, there has been a substantial increase in the number of African entrepreneurs during this century. The study achieves added significance in view of the wide racial income differentials which are an endemic feature of South African socio-economic existence; moreover, there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that, despite the high real growth rates during recent years, the racial income gap is widening.’ A corollary to this is the worsening of the relative - though not necessarily the absolute - economic position of the Black population. Hence: "the fundamental question for South Africa's economic future revolves around the income relationship between the Whites and the African segment of the non-White group." , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
Participatory research for community development: an annotated bibliography
- Authors: Van Vlaenderen, Hilda
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Participant observation -- Bibliography Participant observation Community development -- Bibliography
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1920 , vital:20239 , ISBN 0868102377
- Description: This Working Paper reports on the results conducted into the nature and extent of the embryonic venture capital industry in South Africa. It represents part of an on-going research programme dealing with Black economic development undertaken by the Development Studies Unit (DSU) at Rhodes University. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Van Vlaenderen, Hilda
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Participant observation -- Bibliography Participant observation Community development -- Bibliography
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1920 , vital:20239 , ISBN 0868102377
- Description: This Working Paper reports on the results conducted into the nature and extent of the embryonic venture capital industry in South Africa. It represents part of an on-going research programme dealing with Black economic development undertaken by the Development Studies Unit (DSU) at Rhodes University. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Lumko Xhosa self-instruction course
- Riordan, J, Mathiso, M, Davey, A S, Bantele, S V, Mahlasela, B, Lanham, L W, Lumko Missiological Institute
- Authors: Riordan, J , Mathiso, M , Davey, A S , Bantele, S V , Mahlasela, B , Lanham, L W , Lumko Missiological Institute
- Date: 1969
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Self-instruction Xhosa language -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2736 , vital:20321 , ISBN 094998017X
- Description: This course, while primarily designed for use with tapes, has been re-programmed for use as a self-instruction manual suitable for use without tapes or an instructor. However, the student is advised to use tapes, at least with the pronunciation lessons. This language course builds up step by step in a systematic fashion. Each step is clearly presented with the aid of diagrams where useful and adequate practice material is provided. These practice d rills are so constructed that every item elicits a creative response from the learner, who can then check his response against the master response given on the right-hand column, which can be gradually revealed with the use of the sliding mask. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
- Authors: Riordan, J , Mathiso, M , Davey, A S , Bantele, S V , Mahlasela, B , Lanham, L W , Lumko Missiological Institute
- Date: 1969
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Self-instruction Xhosa language -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2736 , vital:20321 , ISBN 094998017X
- Description: This course, while primarily designed for use with tapes, has been re-programmed for use as a self-instruction manual suitable for use without tapes or an instructor. However, the student is advised to use tapes, at least with the pronunciation lessons. This language course builds up step by step in a systematic fashion. Each step is clearly presented with the aid of diagrams where useful and adequate practice material is provided. These practice d rills are so constructed that every item elicits a creative response from the learner, who can then check his response against the master response given on the right-hand column, which can be gradually revealed with the use of the sliding mask. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969
A question of inclusivity: how did average incomes change over the first fifteen years of democracy?
- Authors: Visagie, Justin
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Income -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa Income distribution -- South Africa South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3071 , vital:20366 , ISBN 9780868106052
- Description: This paper attempts to assess the extent of inclusivity in post-apartheid income growth by focusing on one intuitive part of the income distribution: the actual middle (or middle-income strata). If South African macro and social policy explicitly aims to be ‘inclusive’, it is important to know how the average [median] South African income level changed over the first fifteen years of democracy. Common summary measures of economic progress such as GDP per capita may mask the standard of living experienced by the majority of the population in any particular period. Tracking the progress in the middle strata of South Africa’s income distribution provides a fresh perspective on the nature of economic progress in the country. This is against a worrying backdrop of rising income inequality post-1994 (Van der Berg and Louw, 2004; Hoogeveen and Özler, 2006; Leibbrandt et al, 2010). The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 motivates for the importance of focussing on the actual middle of the income distribution and highlights the emphasis on reducing income inequality within South African macroeconomic and social policy. Issues of comparability in the data and the choice of definition for the middle are discussed in section 3. Section 4 presents descriptive statistics relating to changes in incomes, and ends with a brief analysis of non-income measures of progress. The final section summarises the main findings and concludes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A question of inclusivity: how did average incomes change over the first fifteen years of democracy?
- Authors: Visagie, Justin
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Income -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa Income distribution -- South Africa South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3071 , vital:20366 , ISBN 9780868106052
- Description: This paper attempts to assess the extent of inclusivity in post-apartheid income growth by focusing on one intuitive part of the income distribution: the actual middle (or middle-income strata). If South African macro and social policy explicitly aims to be ‘inclusive’, it is important to know how the average [median] South African income level changed over the first fifteen years of democracy. Common summary measures of economic progress such as GDP per capita may mask the standard of living experienced by the majority of the population in any particular period. Tracking the progress in the middle strata of South Africa’s income distribution provides a fresh perspective on the nature of economic progress in the country. This is against a worrying backdrop of rising income inequality post-1994 (Van der Berg and Louw, 2004; Hoogeveen and Özler, 2006; Leibbrandt et al, 2010). The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 motivates for the importance of focussing on the actual middle of the income distribution and highlights the emphasis on reducing income inequality within South African macroeconomic and social policy. Issues of comparability in the data and the choice of definition for the middle are discussed in section 3. Section 4 presents descriptive statistics relating to changes in incomes, and ends with a brief analysis of non-income measures of progress. The final section summarises the main findings and concludes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Politics and science in Radcliffe-Brown: from anarchism to applied anthropology
- Authors: Maddock, Kenneth
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (Alfred Reginald), 1881-1955 Anthropologists Anthropology Ethnology
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2645 , vital:20312
- Description: It is part of anthropological folklore that A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1881-1955) was known as "Anarchy Brown" when a student at Cambridge early this century. Meyer Fortes thought the nickname "a friendly recognition of the streak of aloofness in him and of his reputation for holding somewhat highbrow ideas in matters of art, life and literature" (1956: 153)- But there was more to it than the pose of a turn of the century aesthete, as Fortes knew. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Maddock, Kenneth
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (Alfred Reginald), 1881-1955 Anthropologists Anthropology Ethnology
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2645 , vital:20312
- Description: It is part of anthropological folklore that A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1881-1955) was known as "Anarchy Brown" when a student at Cambridge early this century. Meyer Fortes thought the nickname "a friendly recognition of the streak of aloofness in him and of his reputation for holding somewhat highbrow ideas in matters of art, life and literature" (1956: 153)- But there was more to it than the pose of a turn of the century aesthete, as Fortes knew. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Industrial development in a border area: facts and figures from East London
- Authors: Barker, John Percy
- Date: 1966
- Subjects: East London (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2634 , vital:20311
- Description: In the early 1950’s the area of the eastern Cape Province adjoining the Transkei was the object of an intensive study known as the Border Regional Survey and five volumes have already been published. This work is a more detailed investigation of one aspect of the economy, namely the growth of manufacturing industry. Its importance lies in the fact that not only is the African population increasing rapidly, but that effective rehabilitation of peasant farming in the Transkei and Ciskei must necessarily displace large numbers from the land. Expansion of manufacturing industry would appear to be the most effective means of providing remunerative employment for these people, Moreover, the government has embarked upon a policy of encouraging the establishment of factories on the periphery of the Bantu areas, and the eastern Cape is an important area in this general scheme. It may well be the most crucial testing point of the whole policy of border industries', because with its large Transkeian hinterland it is the area most in need of expanding employment opportunities; but, at the same time, by reason of locational and other disabilities, it is the area in which industrial expansion may be most difficult to achieve. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1966
- Authors: Barker, John Percy
- Date: 1966
- Subjects: East London (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2634 , vital:20311
- Description: In the early 1950’s the area of the eastern Cape Province adjoining the Transkei was the object of an intensive study known as the Border Regional Survey and five volumes have already been published. This work is a more detailed investigation of one aspect of the economy, namely the growth of manufacturing industry. Its importance lies in the fact that not only is the African population increasing rapidly, but that effective rehabilitation of peasant farming in the Transkei and Ciskei must necessarily displace large numbers from the land. Expansion of manufacturing industry would appear to be the most effective means of providing remunerative employment for these people, Moreover, the government has embarked upon a policy of encouraging the establishment of factories on the periphery of the Bantu areas, and the eastern Cape is an important area in this general scheme. It may well be the most crucial testing point of the whole policy of border industries', because with its large Transkeian hinterland it is the area most in need of expanding employment opportunities; but, at the same time, by reason of locational and other disabilities, it is the area in which industrial expansion may be most difficult to achieve. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1966
Opname van die Kaapse Middelland en Karroogebied: deel 1: n Geografiese studie van die Kaapse middelland- en Karroogebied, met spesiale verwysing na die fisiografie en elemente van bodembenutting
- Authors: Badenhorst, J J
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Geology -- South Africa Geomorphology -- South Africa Agriculture -- South Africa Orange/fish river project Sheep -- South Africa Goats -- South Africa Chicory -- South Africa Pineapple industry -- South Africa Feeds -- South Africa Forests and forestry -- South Africa Fruit -- South Africa South Africa -- Climate South Africa -- Geography
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2612 , vital:20309
- Description: In 1966 het die Karoo-ontwikkelingvereniging die Universiteit Rhodes genader met 'n versoek dat die Universiteit Rhodes se Instituut vir Sosiale en Ekonomiese Navorsing 'n sosio-ekonomiese Opname van hulle streek sou maak om 'n feitegrondslag vir ontwikkelingsbeplanning te verskaf in afwagting van die voltooiing van die Oranjerivier-projek. Soortgelyke versoeke is van die Middellande-Ontwikkelingsvereniging en die Vereniging van Openbare Liggame van die Suid-Oostelike Distrikte ontvang. Nadat die Departement van Beplanning, wat die idee van 'n streeksopname sterk ondersteun het, geraadpleeg is, is daar ooreengekom dat hoewel Port Elizabeth en sy agterland 'n gemeenskaplike ekonomiese eenheid vorm, die gebied onderverdeel kon word, en dat die Universiteit van Port Elizabeth verantwoordelikheid vir die stedelike gebied Port Elizabeth en Uitenhage sou aanvaar, en die Universiteit Rhodes, deur die Instituut vir Sosiale en Ekonomiese Navorsing die Opname van die binnelandse gebiede sou lei. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1970
- Authors: Badenhorst, J J
- Date: 1970
- Subjects: Geology -- South Africa Geomorphology -- South Africa Agriculture -- South Africa Orange/fish river project Sheep -- South Africa Goats -- South Africa Chicory -- South Africa Pineapple industry -- South Africa Feeds -- South Africa Forests and forestry -- South Africa Fruit -- South Africa South Africa -- Climate South Africa -- Geography
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2612 , vital:20309
- Description: In 1966 het die Karoo-ontwikkelingvereniging die Universiteit Rhodes genader met 'n versoek dat die Universiteit Rhodes se Instituut vir Sosiale en Ekonomiese Navorsing 'n sosio-ekonomiese Opname van hulle streek sou maak om 'n feitegrondslag vir ontwikkelingsbeplanning te verskaf in afwagting van die voltooiing van die Oranjerivier-projek. Soortgelyke versoeke is van die Middellande-Ontwikkelingsvereniging en die Vereniging van Openbare Liggame van die Suid-Oostelike Distrikte ontvang. Nadat die Departement van Beplanning, wat die idee van 'n streeksopname sterk ondersteun het, geraadpleeg is, is daar ooreengekom dat hoewel Port Elizabeth en sy agterland 'n gemeenskaplike ekonomiese eenheid vorm, die gebied onderverdeel kon word, en dat die Universiteit van Port Elizabeth verantwoordelikheid vir die stedelike gebied Port Elizabeth en Uitenhage sou aanvaar, en die Universiteit Rhodes, deur die Instituut vir Sosiale en Ekonomiese Navorsing die Opname van die binnelandse gebiede sou lei. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1970
West Bank land restitution claim: social history report
- Maqasho, Landiswa, Bank, Leslie, Mrawu, Busisiwe
- Authors: Maqasho, Landiswa , Bank, Leslie , Mrawu, Busisiwe
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Colored people (South Africa) -- South Africa -- East London Africans -- South Africa -- East London Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land settlement -- Government policy -- South Africa Mdantsane (East London) Nongqongqo (East London) West Bank location (East London)
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2691 , vital:20317 , ISBN 0868103624
- Description: Today, the west bank of the Buffalo River is a well-established industrial area. At the centre of this industrial complex is the Mercedes Benz South Africa production plant. Yet, over 40 years ago on the production site of this world reknowned motor manufacturer there was a small urban location which housed approximately 7000 African and Coloured residents. The village was known as Nongqongqo. According to Tankard (1990) it was the “original village and first official location of East London” and served primarily as a source of labour for workshops, transport and packing concerns in the East London harbour. The village, which was also known as the West Bank Location, was a stable and peaceful community that accommodated an ethnically mixed community of Xhosa, Fingoes (Mfengu), Pondos, Zulus, Sothos and so-called Coloured people. In 1965, the tranquillity of everyday life in this seaside village came to a rude and abrupt end when government bulldozers and trucks moved in to demolish the village. The inhabitants were forcibly resettled on the east bank of the Buffalo River and in the fledgling township of Mdantsane in the Ciskei. The removals were undertaken in accordance with the terms of the Bantu Administration Act No. 25 of 1945, Population Registration Act of 1950 and Group Areas Act of 1952 (cf. Booysen, 1995). The aim of this report is to investigate the social and historical circumstances that surrounded the destruction of this once vibrant seaside village. This report forms part of a process through which approximately 1400 original residents of Nongqongqo are seeking restitution for losses they incurred during this removal in terms of the Restitution of Land Rights Act of 1994. This report seeks to contribute to this process by contextualising the Nongqongqo removal within an historical understanding of the management of black urbanization in East London and by investigating the specific social, economic and political circumstances that led to the deproclamation of this location. However, in order to understand the impact of the removals, the article also attempts to reconstruct from oral and documentary sources a profile of the West Bank community in the years preceding the removal. Although the historical material on West Bank is sketchy, we have managed to assemble data that allows us to build up a fairly comprehensive socio-economic profile and residential arrangements in this community in 1955. This exercise in historical reconstruction, we believe, is essential for a meaningful assessment of the significance of the removals for those involved. In the final part of the article we begin to assess and aggregate the emotional, social and economic costs of the removals for the people of Nongqongqo. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Maqasho, Landiswa , Bank, Leslie , Mrawu, Busisiwe
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Colored people (South Africa) -- South Africa -- East London Africans -- South Africa -- East London Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land settlement -- Government policy -- South Africa Mdantsane (East London) Nongqongqo (East London) West Bank location (East London)
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2691 , vital:20317 , ISBN 0868103624
- Description: Today, the west bank of the Buffalo River is a well-established industrial area. At the centre of this industrial complex is the Mercedes Benz South Africa production plant. Yet, over 40 years ago on the production site of this world reknowned motor manufacturer there was a small urban location which housed approximately 7000 African and Coloured residents. The village was known as Nongqongqo. According to Tankard (1990) it was the “original village and first official location of East London” and served primarily as a source of labour for workshops, transport and packing concerns in the East London harbour. The village, which was also known as the West Bank Location, was a stable and peaceful community that accommodated an ethnically mixed community of Xhosa, Fingoes (Mfengu), Pondos, Zulus, Sothos and so-called Coloured people. In 1965, the tranquillity of everyday life in this seaside village came to a rude and abrupt end when government bulldozers and trucks moved in to demolish the village. The inhabitants were forcibly resettled on the east bank of the Buffalo River and in the fledgling township of Mdantsane in the Ciskei. The removals were undertaken in accordance with the terms of the Bantu Administration Act No. 25 of 1945, Population Registration Act of 1950 and Group Areas Act of 1952 (cf. Booysen, 1995). The aim of this report is to investigate the social and historical circumstances that surrounded the destruction of this once vibrant seaside village. This report forms part of a process through which approximately 1400 original residents of Nongqongqo are seeking restitution for losses they incurred during this removal in terms of the Restitution of Land Rights Act of 1994. This report seeks to contribute to this process by contextualising the Nongqongqo removal within an historical understanding of the management of black urbanization in East London and by investigating the specific social, economic and political circumstances that led to the deproclamation of this location. However, in order to understand the impact of the removals, the article also attempts to reconstruct from oral and documentary sources a profile of the West Bank community in the years preceding the removal. Although the historical material on West Bank is sketchy, we have managed to assemble data that allows us to build up a fairly comprehensive socio-economic profile and residential arrangements in this community in 1955. This exercise in historical reconstruction, we believe, is essential for a meaningful assessment of the significance of the removals for those involved. In the final part of the article we begin to assess and aggregate the emotional, social and economic costs of the removals for the people of Nongqongqo. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Pineapples in the Eastern Cape: a study of the farm economy and marketing patterns
- Authors: Strauss, Conrad Barend
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Pineapple industry -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope Pineapples -- Marketing Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2442 , vital:20291
- Description: The major objective of this study was to seek a better knowledge and greater understanding of the factors associated with successful pineapple farming in the Eastern Cape Region of the Union of South Africa. As no previous investigation equally representative of commercial pineapple farming patterns in the Eastern Cape has been made, this study can be regarded as a pilot survey of the labour structures, rates of production, combination of enterprises, marketing channels and the suitability of various districts in the region of study for the production of pineapples. In addition, the history of the pineapple in South Africa will be traced briefly, and the position the Union holds as a supplier of pineapples on the world market, will be investigated. The importance of the Eastern Cape as a producer of pineapples in South Africa is well known, but is also unequivocally illustrated by the information in Table 1. According to estimates made by the Division of Economics and Markets for 1955/56 season, no less than 86.5 per cent of the total acreage planted to pineapples in South Africa, was located in this area. Bathurst, East London and Albany, three of the six districts included in the estimate, were particularly prominent. Taken together, they cultivated more than three-quarters of the total area planted to pineapples in the Eastern Cape, and nearly 70 per cent of the total for South Africa. The remaining quarter of the area cultivated in the Eastern Cape was located in the districts of Peddie, Komgha and Alexandria. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Strauss, Conrad Barend
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Pineapple industry -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope Pineapples -- Marketing Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2442 , vital:20291
- Description: The major objective of this study was to seek a better knowledge and greater understanding of the factors associated with successful pineapple farming in the Eastern Cape Region of the Union of South Africa. As no previous investigation equally representative of commercial pineapple farming patterns in the Eastern Cape has been made, this study can be regarded as a pilot survey of the labour structures, rates of production, combination of enterprises, marketing channels and the suitability of various districts in the region of study for the production of pineapples. In addition, the history of the pineapple in South Africa will be traced briefly, and the position the Union holds as a supplier of pineapples on the world market, will be investigated. The importance of the Eastern Cape as a producer of pineapples in South Africa is well known, but is also unequivocally illustrated by the information in Table 1. According to estimates made by the Division of Economics and Markets for 1955/56 season, no less than 86.5 per cent of the total acreage planted to pineapples in South Africa, was located in this area. Bathurst, East London and Albany, three of the six districts included in the estimate, were particularly prominent. Taken together, they cultivated more than three-quarters of the total area planted to pineapples in the Eastern Cape, and nearly 70 per cent of the total for South Africa. The remaining quarter of the area cultivated in the Eastern Cape was located in the districts of Peddie, Komgha and Alexandria. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Wealth or welfare?: a survey of local responses to government's proposed urbanisation policy in the greater Algoa Bay area
- Authors: Taylor, Beverley J
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: South Africa -- Group Areas Act Urbanization -- South Africa Cities and towns -- Africa Freedom of movement Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Joint management centres South Africa -- Politics and government Algoa Bay (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1784 , vital:20225 , ISBN 0868101761
- Description: This Working Paper sets out to investigate what has generally been taken for granted as part and parcel of the urbanisation and development process in South Africa, and to relate this to current government strategies. There has been no comprehensive policy for coping with urbanisation in South Africa. In particular, the urbanisation of Africans has not been accepted as an inevitable process. Instead, past policies have been guided by apartheid ideology and have tended to address only specific issues relating to urbanisation. Essentially, policies have attempted to control the urbanisation process through various pieces of legislation directed at, for example, housing, population migration, industrial decentralisation etc. Such legislative measures, rather than presenting a coherent urbanisation policy, have provided the main tools for the South African state to control and direct the urbanisation process in the country as a whole. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
- Authors: Taylor, Beverley J
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: South Africa -- Group Areas Act Urbanization -- South Africa Cities and towns -- Africa Freedom of movement Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Joint management centres South Africa -- Politics and government Algoa Bay (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1784 , vital:20225 , ISBN 0868101761
- Description: This Working Paper sets out to investigate what has generally been taken for granted as part and parcel of the urbanisation and development process in South Africa, and to relate this to current government strategies. There has been no comprehensive policy for coping with urbanisation in South Africa. In particular, the urbanisation of Africans has not been accepted as an inevitable process. Instead, past policies have been guided by apartheid ideology and have tended to address only specific issues relating to urbanisation. Essentially, policies have attempted to control the urbanisation process through various pieces of legislation directed at, for example, housing, population migration, industrial decentralisation etc. Such legislative measures, rather than presenting a coherent urbanisation policy, have provided the main tools for the South African state to control and direct the urbanisation process in the country as a whole. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
Inequality, social comparisons and minimum income aspirations: Evidence from South Africa
- Posel, Dorrit, Rogan, Michael
- Authors: Posel, Dorrit , Rogan, Michael
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa South Africa -- Economic conditions South Africa -- Social policy Economic development -- Political aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59510 , vital:27621 , ISBN 9780868106359 , DOI 10.21504/10962/59509
- Description: We investigate the formation of minimum income aspirations in South Africa, a country with high rates of poverty together with very high and rising rates of inequality. A number of empirical studies in both developed and developing countries have shown that income aspirations increase with the individual’s own income and with the income of others in their community, relationships which are explained by processes of adaptation through habituation and social comparison. However, the relationship between income aspirations and inequality has received far less empirical attention. We analyse the minimum income question (MIQ) asked in nationally representative household survey from 2008/2009 to test for evidence of aspirations failure among the poor in South Africa, and to investigate whether high levels of local inequality dampen or stimulate minimum income aspirations, and particularly among those living in poverty.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Posel, Dorrit , Rogan, Michael
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa South Africa -- Economic conditions South Africa -- Social policy Economic development -- Political aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59510 , vital:27621 , ISBN 9780868106359 , DOI 10.21504/10962/59509
- Description: We investigate the formation of minimum income aspirations in South Africa, a country with high rates of poverty together with very high and rising rates of inequality. A number of empirical studies in both developed and developing countries have shown that income aspirations increase with the individual’s own income and with the income of others in their community, relationships which are explained by processes of adaptation through habituation and social comparison. However, the relationship between income aspirations and inequality has received far less empirical attention. We analyse the minimum income question (MIQ) asked in nationally representative household survey from 2008/2009 to test for evidence of aspirations failure among the poor in South Africa, and to investigate whether high levels of local inequality dampen or stimulate minimum income aspirations, and particularly among those living in poverty.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Administrasierade: enkele knelpunte in die lewering van gesondheidsdienste
- Authors: Marais, Sandra
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Clinics -- South Africa Public health -- South Africa Medical care -- South Africa Health services administration -- South Africa
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2205 , vital:20265 , ISBN 0868101133
- Description: Hierdie Studie het die volgende oogmerke ten doel: (l) Die identifisering van die verdeling van outoriteit tussen verskillende- gesondheidsinstellings en die uitvoerende magte vir hierdie instellings - Munisipalitiete en Administrasierade in die besonder. (2) Identifisering van die finansiele opset en ooreenkoms tussen bogenoemde instellings en plaaslike owerhede vir die lewering van gesondheidsdienste. (3) Gepaardgaande met bogenoemde, die identifisering van spesifiek waarvoor instellings en plaaslike owerhede verantwoordelikheid dra ten opsigte van die lewering van gesondheidsdienste. (4) Identifisering van kwessies wat mag ontstaan as gevolg van die gedeeltelike oordrag van dienste van die een plaaslike owerheid na ’n ander. So ’n situasie van gedeeltelike oordrag van dienste nood- saak skakeling en kooperasie om doeltreffende lewering van dienste te verseker. Hiermee saam is inligting ook ingewin oor moontlike wrywingspunte soos geartikuleer deur amptenare van beide Munisipaliteite asook Administrasierade. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
- Authors: Marais, Sandra
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Clinics -- South Africa Public health -- South Africa Medical care -- South Africa Health services administration -- South Africa
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2205 , vital:20265 , ISBN 0868101133
- Description: Hierdie Studie het die volgende oogmerke ten doel: (l) Die identifisering van die verdeling van outoriteit tussen verskillende- gesondheidsinstellings en die uitvoerende magte vir hierdie instellings - Munisipalitiete en Administrasierade in die besonder. (2) Identifisering van die finansiele opset en ooreenkoms tussen bogenoemde instellings en plaaslike owerhede vir die lewering van gesondheidsdienste. (3) Gepaardgaande met bogenoemde, die identifisering van spesifiek waarvoor instellings en plaaslike owerhede verantwoordelikheid dra ten opsigte van die lewering van gesondheidsdienste. (4) Identifisering van kwessies wat mag ontstaan as gevolg van die gedeeltelike oordrag van dienste van die een plaaslike owerheid na ’n ander. So ’n situasie van gedeeltelike oordrag van dienste nood- saak skakeling en kooperasie om doeltreffende lewering van dienste te verseker. Hiermee saam is inligting ook ingewin oor moontlike wrywingspunte soos geartikuleer deur amptenare van beide Munisipaliteite asook Administrasierade. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
The effects of externally induced socio-economic and political changes in rural areas: the Keiskammahoek district 1948-1986: a pilot project
- de Wet, Christopher J, Leibbrandt, M V, Palmer, Robin C G, Mills, M E, Tantsi, V
- Authors: de Wet, Christopher J , Leibbrandt, M V , Palmer, Robin C G , Mills, M E , Tantsi, V
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Land use -- South Africa -- Keiskammahoek Keiskammahoek (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Keiskammahoek (South Africa) -- Social conditions Ciskei (South Africa) -- Social conditions Ciskei (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1848 , vital:20233 , ISBN 0868101893
- Description: This Working Paper contains the results of a pilot investigation undertaken in 1986/87 in selected areas of the Keiskammahoek District of Ciskei. The pilot study was undertaken in order to compile a comprehensive plan for a long-term study of the Keiskammahoek District as a whole. Such a study would be designed to analyse socio-economic and political changes which have taken place in the District, measured against the results of a major multidisciplinary research project (The Keiskammahoek Rural Survey) which was undertaken in the area between 1948 and 1950. The existence of the Keiskammahoek Rural Survey affords a unique opportunity for comparative social science research, particularly because it is well known that substantial changes have taken place in the District. However, the precise nature and scale of the changes were unknown; hence, the decision to conduct a pilot survey first. The results of the pilot survey, published here, have turned out to be extremely valuable in formulating proposals for a subsequent on-going research undertaking; and have fully justified the time and money devoted to the exploratory investigation which constituted the basis of the pilot project. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
- Authors: de Wet, Christopher J , Leibbrandt, M V , Palmer, Robin C G , Mills, M E , Tantsi, V
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Land use -- South Africa -- Keiskammahoek Keiskammahoek (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Keiskammahoek (South Africa) -- Social conditions Ciskei (South Africa) -- Social conditions Ciskei (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1848 , vital:20233 , ISBN 0868101893
- Description: This Working Paper contains the results of a pilot investigation undertaken in 1986/87 in selected areas of the Keiskammahoek District of Ciskei. The pilot study was undertaken in order to compile a comprehensive plan for a long-term study of the Keiskammahoek District as a whole. Such a study would be designed to analyse socio-economic and political changes which have taken place in the District, measured against the results of a major multidisciplinary research project (The Keiskammahoek Rural Survey) which was undertaken in the area between 1948 and 1950. The existence of the Keiskammahoek Rural Survey affords a unique opportunity for comparative social science research, particularly because it is well known that substantial changes have taken place in the District. However, the precise nature and scale of the changes were unknown; hence, the decision to conduct a pilot survey first. The results of the pilot survey, published here, have turned out to be extremely valuable in formulating proposals for a subsequent on-going research undertaking; and have fully justified the time and money devoted to the exploratory investigation which constituted the basis of the pilot project. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
The co-operative model as an instrument in the community economic development process
- Authors: Barratt, Neal
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Fraternal organizations -- South Africa Producer cooperatives Wages -- South Africa Working class -- South Africa Cape Town (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2046 , vital:20250 , ISBN 0868101796
- Description: There has recently been considerable interest in the viability of co-operative enterprise as a means to both social and economic empowerment. The objectives of this broadly-based research have been to address a number of basic aspects of co-operative endeavour. The first of these concerns the realisation that 'cooperative' has become something of a generic term, often incorrectly applied, for any venture which involves a group of persons working towards a common goal, and which has consequently achieved a certain popularity as a political catchword in some circles. The purpose here has been to outline the social, economic and basic legal conditions circumscribed by an accurate definition of this term. The second objective has been to state clearly the different types of co-operative which exist. All subscribe to a similar set of philosophical principles, yet have different purposes. The major categories of co-operative enterprise are called Producer Co-operatives, Service Co-operatives, Worker Cooperatives, Housing Co-operatives, Benefit Societies and Consumer Co-operatives. This list is not exhaustive, and the various other sub-divisions of co-operative endeavour fall under the aegis of one or other of these categories. The third objective has been to acknowledge the different emphases which can be exploited by co-operative projects. These fall into two broad categories; namely, as instruments of economic or of social change. Having investigated the nature of co-operative endeavour, it has been important to accept the fact that despite much well- meaning activity in a sphere which has been lauded by some as a universal panacea to the social and economic ills which beset South Africa in these present times, the success rate of co-operatives has been far less than perfect. The reasons for this situation rest on a number of factors; the most important of which have to do with the degree of cooperative community ethos, access to capital for startup costs, the degree and nature of skills available, and the degree of training and experience in marketing and market analysis, costing, bookkeeping, general literacy and management skills. The research which has been conducted in this field has resulted in the production of a companion instruction manual, in workshop format, which will permit training and exercises in the above areas, and which is available from the Development Studies Unit. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
- Authors: Barratt, Neal
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Fraternal organizations -- South Africa Producer cooperatives Wages -- South Africa Working class -- South Africa Cape Town (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2046 , vital:20250 , ISBN 0868101796
- Description: There has recently been considerable interest in the viability of co-operative enterprise as a means to both social and economic empowerment. The objectives of this broadly-based research have been to address a number of basic aspects of co-operative endeavour. The first of these concerns the realisation that 'cooperative' has become something of a generic term, often incorrectly applied, for any venture which involves a group of persons working towards a common goal, and which has consequently achieved a certain popularity as a political catchword in some circles. The purpose here has been to outline the social, economic and basic legal conditions circumscribed by an accurate definition of this term. The second objective has been to state clearly the different types of co-operative which exist. All subscribe to a similar set of philosophical principles, yet have different purposes. The major categories of co-operative enterprise are called Producer Co-operatives, Service Co-operatives, Worker Cooperatives, Housing Co-operatives, Benefit Societies and Consumer Co-operatives. This list is not exhaustive, and the various other sub-divisions of co-operative endeavour fall under the aegis of one or other of these categories. The third objective has been to acknowledge the different emphases which can be exploited by co-operative projects. These fall into two broad categories; namely, as instruments of economic or of social change. Having investigated the nature of co-operative endeavour, it has been important to accept the fact that despite much well- meaning activity in a sphere which has been lauded by some as a universal panacea to the social and economic ills which beset South Africa in these present times, the success rate of co-operatives has been far less than perfect. The reasons for this situation rest on a number of factors; the most important of which have to do with the degree of cooperative community ethos, access to capital for startup costs, the degree and nature of skills available, and the degree of training and experience in marketing and market analysis, costing, bookkeeping, general literacy and management skills. The research which has been conducted in this field has resulted in the production of a companion instruction manual, in workshop format, which will permit training and exercises in the above areas, and which is available from the Development Studies Unit. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
Fest-Quest '88: survey of visitors to the 1988 Standard Bank Festival of the Arts
- Authors: Davies, William J
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Standard Bank National Arts Festival
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1719 , vital:20219 , ISBN 0868101818
- Description: The Standard Bank National Festival of the Arts is held annually in early July in Grahamstown. Apart from its importance as a national cultural event, the Festival is vitally important to the economy of Grahamstown. The annual influx of Festival participants results in expenditure amounting to several million rand, concentrated into a hectic nine-day extravaganza. The Development Studies Unit at Rhodes University and the 1820 Foundation have attempted to monitor the nature and extent of the Festival's impact on Grahamstown since 1987. Information is collected by means of a voluntary questionnaire (the Fest-Quest), and provides a useful resource for the Festival organizers as well as insights into the relative economic importance of the occasion. Fest-Quest '88 is the second such survey undertaken. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
- Authors: Davies, William J
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Standard Bank National Arts Festival
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1719 , vital:20219 , ISBN 0868101818
- Description: The Standard Bank National Festival of the Arts is held annually in early July in Grahamstown. Apart from its importance as a national cultural event, the Festival is vitally important to the economy of Grahamstown. The annual influx of Festival participants results in expenditure amounting to several million rand, concentrated into a hectic nine-day extravaganza. The Development Studies Unit at Rhodes University and the 1820 Foundation have attempted to monitor the nature and extent of the Festival's impact on Grahamstown since 1987. Information is collected by means of a voluntary questionnaire (the Fest-Quest), and provides a useful resource for the Festival organizers as well as insights into the relative economic importance of the occasion. Fest-Quest '88 is the second such survey undertaken. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
Black entrepreneural experience and practice in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Davies, William J
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Africans -- Commerce Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- Commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2292 , vital:20273 , ISBN 086810163X
- Description: Black business development in South Africa has been restricted by discriminatory legislation, regulation and custom for many years. Black entrepreneurs have been deliberately and systematically excluded from access to economic opportunities which might have facilitated their participation in moulding the national economy. This situation stemmed from a widely-held White view that Blacks should not have a permanent stake in non- "homeland" South African towns and that the interests of White business should be protected (Hart, 1972). Given these circumstances, Black business has not developed and diversified with the growth of capitalism in South Africa. In fact, capitalism's predominant interest in the Black population has been as labour units, not as partners in economic ventures. Those Blacks in business who have grown, and have established relatively successful business ventures, have done so despite the obstacles devised by the system. The successful Black businessman, therefore, reflects a particular brand of entrepreneurship characterised by determination, tenacity and a capacity to adapt over and above that which is usually required for survival in a competitive environment. The nature and scale of businesses to which Blacks were allowed access was limited to those which provide the daily domestic necessities of urban Black communities; ie, mainly convenience retailing (Davies, 1972). Black businessmen were also denied the right to acquire land in urban areas and such businesses as were allowed had to be conducted from rented premises. Thus, Black experience of crucial elements of entrepreneural development (such as locational choice, market selection and capital formation through property ownership) has been minimal, and so conditional that the aspirations of all but the most determined businessmen have been severely inhibited. Even the most competent Black entrepreneur has not been able to stray very far from the mould of "trader", which has become the stereotype of Black business. Hence, most business ventures in urban Black townships are associated with convenience retailing and service activities, mainly of modest proportions and not necessarily a reflection of the individual's business choice. The underdeveloped status of Black entrepreneurship in South Africa is thus due entirely to their exclusion from opportunities to gain experience, to take risks and to compete. The view of Blacks as not having an interest in, or an aptitude for, business is little more than a transparent rationalisation for institutionalised racism. The apparent lack of competitiveness amongst Blacks is the result of a complex set of inequities imposed over decades of "relative deprivation in terms of upbringing, nutritional standards, education and training, medical services, entrepreneural and professional opportunities, and horizontal and vertical mobility" (Leatt et al, 1986). It is against this background that the situation of Black business in Port Elizabeth must be seen. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Davies, William J
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Africans -- Commerce Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- Commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2292 , vital:20273 , ISBN 086810163X
- Description: Black business development in South Africa has been restricted by discriminatory legislation, regulation and custom for many years. Black entrepreneurs have been deliberately and systematically excluded from access to economic opportunities which might have facilitated their participation in moulding the national economy. This situation stemmed from a widely-held White view that Blacks should not have a permanent stake in non- "homeland" South African towns and that the interests of White business should be protected (Hart, 1972). Given these circumstances, Black business has not developed and diversified with the growth of capitalism in South Africa. In fact, capitalism's predominant interest in the Black population has been as labour units, not as partners in economic ventures. Those Blacks in business who have grown, and have established relatively successful business ventures, have done so despite the obstacles devised by the system. The successful Black businessman, therefore, reflects a particular brand of entrepreneurship characterised by determination, tenacity and a capacity to adapt over and above that which is usually required for survival in a competitive environment. The nature and scale of businesses to which Blacks were allowed access was limited to those which provide the daily domestic necessities of urban Black communities; ie, mainly convenience retailing (Davies, 1972). Black businessmen were also denied the right to acquire land in urban areas and such businesses as were allowed had to be conducted from rented premises. Thus, Black experience of crucial elements of entrepreneural development (such as locational choice, market selection and capital formation through property ownership) has been minimal, and so conditional that the aspirations of all but the most determined businessmen have been severely inhibited. Even the most competent Black entrepreneur has not been able to stray very far from the mould of "trader", which has become the stereotype of Black business. Hence, most business ventures in urban Black townships are associated with convenience retailing and service activities, mainly of modest proportions and not necessarily a reflection of the individual's business choice. The underdeveloped status of Black entrepreneurship in South Africa is thus due entirely to their exclusion from opportunities to gain experience, to take risks and to compete. The view of Blacks as not having an interest in, or an aptitude for, business is little more than a transparent rationalisation for institutionalised racism. The apparent lack of competitiveness amongst Blacks is the result of a complex set of inequities imposed over decades of "relative deprivation in terms of upbringing, nutritional standards, education and training, medical services, entrepreneural and professional opportunities, and horizontal and vertical mobility" (Leatt et al, 1986). It is against this background that the situation of Black business in Port Elizabeth must be seen. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
Poverty in Duncan Village, East London: a qualitiative perspective
- Authors: Bank, Leslie John
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Urban poor -- South Africa Rural-urban migration -- South Africa -- East London East London (South Africa) -- Social conditions -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2003 , vital:20246 , ISBN 0868103209
- Description: East London is a minor coastal city with a fragile economy based largely on the food, motor and textile manufacturing sectors. Between 1945 and 1960 the economy of the city grew rapidly registering annual growth rates in excess of 10%. This growth was based on secondary industrialization in the manufacturing sector. However, since the inauguration of the homeland policy which wedged East London between two impoverished, self- governing homeland states, Transkei and Ciskei, the economy of the city has fared less well. Low annual growth rates were recorded throughout the 1970s and 1980s despite efforts by the Apartheid government to shore up the local economy by offering attractive industrial decentralization incentives in the region. The fragility of the city is not only based on its regional location, but on the absence of mineral and power sources and its distance from major metropolitan markets. Being situated in one of the poorest provinces in the country, East London's growth has always been limited by a weak local consumer market (Swilling 1987: 140). While the economic prospects for the city have recently improved with the dismantling of the homeland system and the centralization of the Eastern Cape's regional government in nearby capital of Bisho (30 minutes’ drive from East London), the city is still badly in need of major economic investment to cater for its rapidly growing population. During the past decade, there has been a massive transfer of population from rural to urban areas in the Eastern Cape generally. This occurred as a result of a softening of homeland borders in the mid-1980s, the removal of the influx control laws in 1986, as well as the deterioration of agricultural prospects in a region gripped by a crippling drought throughout the 1980s. These factors have ensured that East London became the tar-get of a sustained wave of rural-urban immigration. Dozens of new informal settlements have sprung up all over the city during the past five years, while the established townships within the city limits have become hopelessly overcrowded. The research for this project was conducted in East London's most congested township, Duncan Village. In 1995, it had a population of approximately 100 000 people. Between 1964 and 1979, Duncan Village was the target of massive forced removals. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Bank, Leslie John
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Urban poor -- South Africa Rural-urban migration -- South Africa -- East London East London (South Africa) -- Social conditions -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2003 , vital:20246 , ISBN 0868103209
- Description: East London is a minor coastal city with a fragile economy based largely on the food, motor and textile manufacturing sectors. Between 1945 and 1960 the economy of the city grew rapidly registering annual growth rates in excess of 10%. This growth was based on secondary industrialization in the manufacturing sector. However, since the inauguration of the homeland policy which wedged East London between two impoverished, self- governing homeland states, Transkei and Ciskei, the economy of the city has fared less well. Low annual growth rates were recorded throughout the 1970s and 1980s despite efforts by the Apartheid government to shore up the local economy by offering attractive industrial decentralization incentives in the region. The fragility of the city is not only based on its regional location, but on the absence of mineral and power sources and its distance from major metropolitan markets. Being situated in one of the poorest provinces in the country, East London's growth has always been limited by a weak local consumer market (Swilling 1987: 140). While the economic prospects for the city have recently improved with the dismantling of the homeland system and the centralization of the Eastern Cape's regional government in nearby capital of Bisho (30 minutes’ drive from East London), the city is still badly in need of major economic investment to cater for its rapidly growing population. During the past decade, there has been a massive transfer of population from rural to urban areas in the Eastern Cape generally. This occurred as a result of a softening of homeland borders in the mid-1980s, the removal of the influx control laws in 1986, as well as the deterioration of agricultural prospects in a region gripped by a crippling drought throughout the 1980s. These factors have ensured that East London became the tar-get of a sustained wave of rural-urban immigration. Dozens of new informal settlements have sprung up all over the city during the past five years, while the established townships within the city limits have become hopelessly overcrowded. The research for this project was conducted in East London's most congested township, Duncan Village. In 1995, it had a population of approximately 100 000 people. Between 1964 and 1979, Duncan Village was the target of massive forced removals. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Domestic strategies of rural Transkeian women
- Authors: Cloete, Laura
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Rural families -- South Africa -- Transkei Women -- South Africa -- Transkei Women -- South Africa Sex role -- South Africa -- Transkei Rural women -- South Africa -- Transkei Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions Transkei (South Africa) -- Rural conditions Transkei (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2014 , vital:20247 , ISBN 0868102342
- Description: This research, originally undertaken as part of a B.A.(Honours) Degree in Anthropology, has several aims. Firstly, it aims to reveal the various community options available to women in rural Transkei for coping with their domestic activities in the face of the large-scale absence of men. It will analyse the rationale behind the choices and their consequences for the women’s workload. Secondly, this will illuminate gender and generational roles and attitudes of community members, present and absent, in the community. The focus, in this case, will be predominantly on women, however. Thirdly, and finally, this research will analyse the relationships of power between men and women, and between adults and children by examining the various influences, such as religion and education, which constrain and coerce their behaviour and attitudes. From this, we should be left with an illuminating picture of the forces under which women operate in rural Transkei; and with some insight into their behaviour and attitudes, their beliefs and aspirations and into their lives. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Cloete, Laura
- Date: 1992
- Subjects: Rural families -- South Africa -- Transkei Women -- South Africa -- Transkei Women -- South Africa Sex role -- South Africa -- Transkei Rural women -- South Africa -- Transkei Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions Transkei (South Africa) -- Rural conditions Transkei (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2014 , vital:20247 , ISBN 0868102342
- Description: This research, originally undertaken as part of a B.A.(Honours) Degree in Anthropology, has several aims. Firstly, it aims to reveal the various community options available to women in rural Transkei for coping with their domestic activities in the face of the large-scale absence of men. It will analyse the rationale behind the choices and their consequences for the women’s workload. Secondly, this will illuminate gender and generational roles and attitudes of community members, present and absent, in the community. The focus, in this case, will be predominantly on women, however. Thirdly, and finally, this research will analyse the relationships of power between men and women, and between adults and children by examining the various influences, such as religion and education, which constrain and coerce their behaviour and attitudes. From this, we should be left with an illuminating picture of the forces under which women operate in rural Transkei; and with some insight into their behaviour and attitudes, their beliefs and aspirations and into their lives. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
Perspectives on rural development in Ciskei, 1983
- Authors: Bekker, S B , Hughes, C E B
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Ciskei (South Africa) -- Rural conditions Community development -- South Africa -- Ciskei Rural development -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2271 , vital:20271 , ISBN 0868101036
- Description: Rural development comprises three components: production, consumption and organisation. PRODUCTION points to the activities rural people undertake to obtain goods (such as food) and services (such as transport) for themselves and others in their community. Production can be measured in terms of the amount of money a rural family earns, or in terms of the amount of food the family grows and consumes. CONSUMPTION points to the fulfilment of the needs—in the first place, the basic needs—of rural families. Primary examples are the availability of clean water and of wood as a fuel source, of health and adequate nutrition, of education, welfare and transport. These needs are met by the delivery of services to a rural community. Services are provided in the first place by the central state, often through its local authority (in Ciskei, the Tribal Authority). They may also be provided by voluntary associations active in the community, or by the household itself. ORGANISATION points simply to the ways in which productive activities (work) and consumption (receiving) are linked together in a rural community. The structure of the Tribal Authority and village councils, of schools, clinics, agricultural cooperatives, churches and women's groups are examples. All these institutions are designed to improve production and consumption in a given rural community. A rural development strategy then is a strategy aimed at improving production, consumption and the ways in which these two are linked. A rural development strategy moreover is initiated by the central government and can therefore be seen as a relationship between the central government and rural communities in Ciskei. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
- Authors: Bekker, S B , Hughes, C E B
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Ciskei (South Africa) -- Rural conditions Community development -- South Africa -- Ciskei Rural development -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2271 , vital:20271 , ISBN 0868101036
- Description: Rural development comprises three components: production, consumption and organisation. PRODUCTION points to the activities rural people undertake to obtain goods (such as food) and services (such as transport) for themselves and others in their community. Production can be measured in terms of the amount of money a rural family earns, or in terms of the amount of food the family grows and consumes. CONSUMPTION points to the fulfilment of the needs—in the first place, the basic needs—of rural families. Primary examples are the availability of clean water and of wood as a fuel source, of health and adequate nutrition, of education, welfare and transport. These needs are met by the delivery of services to a rural community. Services are provided in the first place by the central state, often through its local authority (in Ciskei, the Tribal Authority). They may also be provided by voluntary associations active in the community, or by the household itself. ORGANISATION points simply to the ways in which productive activities (work) and consumption (receiving) are linked together in a rural community. The structure of the Tribal Authority and village councils, of schools, clinics, agricultural cooperatives, churches and women's groups are examples. All these institutions are designed to improve production and consumption in a given rural community. A rural development strategy then is a strategy aimed at improving production, consumption and the ways in which these two are linked. A rural development strategy moreover is initiated by the central government and can therefore be seen as a relationship between the central government and rural communities in Ciskei. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
Rural and urban population trends in the Eastern Cape Province, 1936-1991
- Authors: Fox, R C , Tipler, D J
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Demography -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Population Rural-urban migration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Relocation (Housing) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Relocation (Housing) -- South Africa Rural population -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Rural population -- South Africa Cities and towns -- South Africa -- Growth
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2123 , vital:20257 , ISBN 0868103179
- Description: This study is an attempt to analyze the impact of apartheid policy on population trends, particularly geographical distributions within the Eastern Cape Province for the period 1936 to 1991. Rogerson and McCarthy (1992), in the most recent overview of geographical work, argued that there is scope for studies such as this which integrate spatio-demographic trends with historical and cultural geography. Accordingly, this study delimits population trends and examines the impact of state policy. A Geographical Information System (GIS) was used as the main research tool for the storage and manipulation of spatio-demographic data. In terms of the impact of state policy, Christopher's (1994) Atlas of Apartheid provided a comprehensive outline of the historical context which forms the background to the period of study. His book shows how the geographical distribution of race groups within South Africa was largely brought about through the implementation of apartheid legislation. Horrell's (1978) Laws Affecting Race Relations in South Africa, 1948-1976 outlined the apartheid legislation at work during the period up to 1976. The geographical distribution of race groups within the Eastern Cape Province was influenced by a variety of legislative measures and policies from the creation of the reserve areas, through the restrictions on Group Areas, as well as various policies including influx control, border industry/industrial decentralization, forced removals and coloured labour preference. The most significant acts and policies which impacted on the Province are outlined below. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Fox, R C , Tipler, D J
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Demography -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Population Rural-urban migration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Relocation (Housing) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Relocation (Housing) -- South Africa Rural population -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Rural population -- South Africa Cities and towns -- South Africa -- Growth
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2123 , vital:20257 , ISBN 0868103179
- Description: This study is an attempt to analyze the impact of apartheid policy on population trends, particularly geographical distributions within the Eastern Cape Province for the period 1936 to 1991. Rogerson and McCarthy (1992), in the most recent overview of geographical work, argued that there is scope for studies such as this which integrate spatio-demographic trends with historical and cultural geography. Accordingly, this study delimits population trends and examines the impact of state policy. A Geographical Information System (GIS) was used as the main research tool for the storage and manipulation of spatio-demographic data. In terms of the impact of state policy, Christopher's (1994) Atlas of Apartheid provided a comprehensive outline of the historical context which forms the background to the period of study. His book shows how the geographical distribution of race groups within South Africa was largely brought about through the implementation of apartheid legislation. Horrell's (1978) Laws Affecting Race Relations in South Africa, 1948-1976 outlined the apartheid legislation at work during the period up to 1976. The geographical distribution of race groups within the Eastern Cape Province was influenced by a variety of legislative measures and policies from the creation of the reserve areas, through the restrictions on Group Areas, as well as various policies including influx control, border industry/industrial decentralization, forced removals and coloured labour preference. The most significant acts and policies which impacted on the Province are outlined below. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996