The xfn connection management and control protocol
- Foss, Richard, Gurdan, Robby, Klinkradt, Bradley, Chigwamba, Nyasha
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Gurdan, Robby , Klinkradt, Bradley , Chigwamba, Nyasha
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427137 , vital:72417 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=16143
- Description: With the advent of digital networks that link audio devices, there is a need for a protocol that integrates control and connection management, enables the streaming of all media content such as audio and video between devices from different manufacturers, and that provides a common approach to the control of these devices. This paper describes such a protocol, named XFN, currently being standardized as part of the AES X170 project. XFN is an IP-based peer to peer network protocol, in which any device on the network may send or receive connection management, control, and monitoring messages. Essential to the XFN protocol is the fact that each parameter in a device can be addressed via a hierarchical structure that reflects the functional layout of the device.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Gurdan, Robby , Klinkradt, Bradley , Chigwamba, Nyasha
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427137 , vital:72417 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=16143
- Description: With the advent of digital networks that link audio devices, there is a need for a protocol that integrates control and connection management, enables the streaming of all media content such as audio and video between devices from different manufacturers, and that provides a common approach to the control of these devices. This paper describes such a protocol, named XFN, currently being standardized as part of the AES X170 project. XFN is an IP-based peer to peer network protocol, in which any device on the network may send or receive connection management, control, and monitoring messages. Essential to the XFN protocol is the fact that each parameter in a device can be addressed via a hierarchical structure that reflects the functional layout of the device.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Network neutral control over quality of service networks
- Foulkes, Phillip, Foss, Richard, Gurdan, Robby
- Authors: Foulkes, Phillip , Foss, Richard , Gurdan, Robby
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427166 , vital:72419 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/online/browse.cfm?elib=16151
- Description: Creating interoperability between two standards-based network technologies, IEEE 1394 Firewire and Ethernet Audio/Video Bridging (AVB), allows them to exist simultaneously in a single application configuration. While both technologies provide the transport of synchronized, low-latency, real-time audio and video data, they have different approaches to enabling this transport. By using a compatible audio gateway with a common control protocol, audio devices on these disparate networks can be connected and controlled.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Foulkes, Phillip , Foss, Richard , Gurdan, Robby
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427166 , vital:72419 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/online/browse.cfm?elib=16151
- Description: Creating interoperability between two standards-based network technologies, IEEE 1394 Firewire and Ethernet Audio/Video Bridging (AVB), allows them to exist simultaneously in a single application configuration. While both technologies provide the transport of synchronized, low-latency, real-time audio and video data, they have different approaches to enabling this transport. By using a compatible audio gateway with a common control protocol, audio devices on these disparate networks can be connected and controlled.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The ‘refeudalisation’ or the ‘return of the repressed’ of the public sphere?:
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159857 , vital:40350 , DOI: 10.1080/02560054.2011.621293
- Description: The prevalent depiction of the heyday of the public sphere and its fall from grace under present-day, publicity-ridden, highly commercialised media, with their individualised address of entertainment, is an inadequate conception of today's complex public spheres. The 18th-century bourgeois public sphere had a number of features – often repressed in practice and in theory – which were bound to have their outcomes and a/effects in the public spaces, practices and vehicles we experience today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159857 , vital:40350 , DOI: 10.1080/02560054.2011.621293
- Description: The prevalent depiction of the heyday of the public sphere and its fall from grace under present-day, publicity-ridden, highly commercialised media, with their individualised address of entertainment, is an inadequate conception of today's complex public spheres. The 18th-century bourgeois public sphere had a number of features – often repressed in practice and in theory – which were bound to have their outcomes and a/effects in the public spaces, practices and vehicles we experience today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Rethinking ‘actually-existing’ public spheres:
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159869 , vital:40351 , DOI: 10.1080/02560054.2011.621292
- Description: The idea of the usefulness and efficacy of the public sphere, and the notion of publicness it employs, is one which continues to resonate in modern-day liberal democracies as a mechanism to engage citizens in national matters. It also serves as a check on unfettered power and particularly as a rationale for the news media and their operations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159869 , vital:40351 , DOI: 10.1080/02560054.2011.621292
- Description: The idea of the usefulness and efficacy of the public sphere, and the notion of publicness it employs, is one which continues to resonate in modern-day liberal democracies as a mechanism to engage citizens in national matters. It also serves as a check on unfettered power and particularly as a rationale for the news media and their operations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The both-and edition:
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158828 , vital:40232 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139379
- Description: This 30th edition of Rhodes Journalism Review is timed and themed for the 2nd World Journalism Education Congress which the School of Journalism and Media Studies is hosting at Rhodes University in Grahamstown from 5 to 7 July.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158828 , vital:40232 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139379
- Description: This 30th edition of Rhodes Journalism Review is timed and themed for the 2nd World Journalism Education Congress which the School of Journalism and Media Studies is hosting at Rhodes University in Grahamstown from 5 to 7 July.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Porphyrin nanorods modified glassy carbon electrode for the electrocatalysis of dioxygen, methanol and hydrazine
- George, Reama C, Mugadza, Tawanda, Khene, Samson, Egharevba, Gabriel O, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: George, Reama C , Mugadza, Tawanda , Khene, Samson , Egharevba, Gabriel O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/247388 , vital:51576 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201100081"
- Description: Porphyrin nanorods (PNR) were prepared by ionic self-assembly of two oppositely charged porphyrin molecules consisting of free base meso-tetraphenylsulfonate porphyrin (H4TPPS42−) and meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (MTMePyP4+M=Sn, Mn, In, Co). These consist of H4TPPS42−SnTMePyP4+, H4TPPS42−CoTMePyP4+, H4TPPS42−InTMePyP4+ and H4TPPS42−MnTMePyP4+ porphyrin nanorods. The absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of these structures were obtained. These porphyrin nanostructures were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode for the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen, and the oxidation of hydrazine and methanol at low pH. The cyclic voltammogram of PNR-modified GCE in pH 2 buffer solution has five irreversible processes, two distinct reduction processes and three oxidation processes. The porphyrin nanorods modified GCE produce good responses especially towards oxygen reduction at −0.50 V vs. Ag|AgCl (3 M KCl). The process of electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol using PNR-modified GCE begins at 0.71 V vs. Ag|AgCl (3 M KCl). The electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine began at around 0.36 V on H4TPPS42−SnTMePyP4+ modified GCE. The GCE modified with H4TPPS42−CoTMePyP4+ H4TPPS42−InTMePyP4+ and H4TPPS42−MnTMePyP4+ porphyrin nanorods began oxidizing hydrazine at 0.54 V, 0.59 V and 0.56 V, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: George, Reama C , Mugadza, Tawanda , Khene, Samson , Egharevba, Gabriel O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/247388 , vital:51576 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201100081"
- Description: Porphyrin nanorods (PNR) were prepared by ionic self-assembly of two oppositely charged porphyrin molecules consisting of free base meso-tetraphenylsulfonate porphyrin (H4TPPS42−) and meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (MTMePyP4+M=Sn, Mn, In, Co). These consist of H4TPPS42−SnTMePyP4+, H4TPPS42−CoTMePyP4+, H4TPPS42−InTMePyP4+ and H4TPPS42−MnTMePyP4+ porphyrin nanorods. The absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of these structures were obtained. These porphyrin nanostructures were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode for the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen, and the oxidation of hydrazine and methanol at low pH. The cyclic voltammogram of PNR-modified GCE in pH 2 buffer solution has five irreversible processes, two distinct reduction processes and three oxidation processes. The porphyrin nanorods modified GCE produce good responses especially towards oxygen reduction at −0.50 V vs. Ag|AgCl (3 M KCl). The process of electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol using PNR-modified GCE begins at 0.71 V vs. Ag|AgCl (3 M KCl). The electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine began at around 0.36 V on H4TPPS42−SnTMePyP4+ modified GCE. The GCE modified with H4TPPS42−CoTMePyP4+ H4TPPS42−InTMePyP4+ and H4TPPS42−MnTMePyP4+ porphyrin nanorods began oxidizing hydrazine at 0.54 V, 0.59 V and 0.56 V, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
In service to the law: Alastair James Kerr SC
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70658 , vital:29686 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC53959
- Description: Professor Alastair James Kerr SC passed away at Settlers Hospital in Grahamstown on the 29th of September 2010. He was eighty-eight years of age. Ironically, his death occurred at the time that the third part of the 2010 SALJ appeared in print, containing a tribute to one of the other great writers on South African contract law, Professor Richard (Dick) Christie, who had passed away earlier in the year (see A J G Lang 'Professor Richard Hunter Christie: A memorial tribute' (2010) 127 SALJ 414). 2010 may have been a momentous year in South Africa for many reasons, but the deaths of these two men in the same year has left the landscape of our contract law irrevocably changed, even though their ideas will live on through their published works.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70658 , vital:29686 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC53959
- Description: Professor Alastair James Kerr SC passed away at Settlers Hospital in Grahamstown on the 29th of September 2010. He was eighty-eight years of age. Ironically, his death occurred at the time that the third part of the 2010 SALJ appeared in print, containing a tribute to one of the other great writers on South African contract law, Professor Richard (Dick) Christie, who had passed away earlier in the year (see A J G Lang 'Professor Richard Hunter Christie: A memorial tribute' (2010) 127 SALJ 414). 2010 may have been a momentous year in South Africa for many reasons, but the deaths of these two men in the same year has left the landscape of our contract law irrevocably changed, even though their ideas will live on through their published works.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2011
Zimbabwe's Land Reform: myths and realities
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144710 , vital:38372 , DOI: 10.1080/02589001.2011.581502
- Description: Zimbabwe’s land reform is the first book on contemporary Zimbabwe that offers an empirically-rich and detailed account of redistributed farms that arose from ‘fasttrack’ land reform 10 years ago. In order to fully appreciate the significance of this book, it is necessary to outline briefly recent intellectual debates on Zimbabwe. Two main positions exist on Zimbabwean politics and society. The first position argues that the radical restructuring of agrarian relations (including undermining white agricultural capital and breaking up large commercial farms into smaller units) is a progressive tendency that has opened up opportunities for black small-scale farmers. Simultaneously, this position often underplays the existence of state restructuring of an authoritarian kind. The second position argues that land redistribution has dramatically undercut agricultural production thereby severely compromising food security for all Zimbabweans. It brings to the fore violent state action in instigating land occupations and in thwarting political opposition to ‘fast-track’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144710 , vital:38372 , DOI: 10.1080/02589001.2011.581502
- Description: Zimbabwe’s land reform is the first book on contemporary Zimbabwe that offers an empirically-rich and detailed account of redistributed farms that arose from ‘fasttrack’ land reform 10 years ago. In order to fully appreciate the significance of this book, it is necessary to outline briefly recent intellectual debates on Zimbabwe. Two main positions exist on Zimbabwean politics and society. The first position argues that the radical restructuring of agrarian relations (including undermining white agricultural capital and breaking up large commercial farms into smaller units) is a progressive tendency that has opened up opportunities for black small-scale farmers. Simultaneously, this position often underplays the existence of state restructuring of an authoritarian kind. The second position argues that land redistribution has dramatically undercut agricultural production thereby severely compromising food security for all Zimbabweans. It brings to the fore violent state action in instigating land occupations and in thwarting political opposition to ‘fast-track’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Water chemistry and effect of evapotranspiration on chemical sedimentation on the Mkuze River floodplain, South Africa:
- Humphries, M S, Kindness, A, Ellery, William F N, Hughes, J C
- Authors: Humphries, M S , Kindness, A , Ellery, William F N , Hughes, J C
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144376 , vital:38340 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.01.013
- Description: The Mkuze Wetland System, forming part of the iSimangaliso World Heritage Site, is South Africa’s largest freshwater wetland area and is known to act as a sink for naturally occurring solutes within the landscape. The chemistry of groundwater and porewater samples, collected from two transects on the Mkuze River floodplain, was investigated to identify processes involved in the control of solute concentrations. Results show that solutes in the groundwater become increasingly concentrated under the influence of evapotranspiration, resulting in the saturation, precipitation, and accumulation of less soluble compounds.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Humphries, M S , Kindness, A , Ellery, William F N , Hughes, J C
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144376 , vital:38340 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.01.013
- Description: The Mkuze Wetland System, forming part of the iSimangaliso World Heritage Site, is South Africa’s largest freshwater wetland area and is known to act as a sink for naturally occurring solutes within the landscape. The chemistry of groundwater and porewater samples, collected from two transects on the Mkuze River floodplain, was investigated to identify processes involved in the control of solute concentrations. Results show that solutes in the groundwater become increasingly concentrated under the influence of evapotranspiration, resulting in the saturation, precipitation, and accumulation of less soluble compounds.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Tartarus: A honeypot based malware tracking and mitigation framework
- Hunter, Samuel O, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Hunter, Samuel O , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428629 , vital:72525 , https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96055420/Hunter-libre.pdf?1671479103=andresponse-content-disposi-tion=inline%3B+filename%3DTartarus_A_honeypot_based_malware_tracki.pdfandExpires=1714722666andSignature=JtPpR-IoAXILqsIJSlmCEvn6yyytE17YLQBeFJRKD5aBug-EbLxFpEGDf4GtQXHbxHvR4~E-b5QtMs1H6ruSYDti9fIHenRbLeepZTx9jYj92to3qZjy7UloigYbQuw0Y6sN95jI7d4HX-Xkspbz0~DsnzwFmLGopg7j9RZSHqpSpI~fBvlml3QQ2rLCm4aB9u8tSW8du5u~FiJgiLHNgJaPzEOzy4~yfKkXBh--LTFdgeAVYxQbOESGGh9k5bc-LDJhQ6dD5HpXsM3wKJvYuVyU6m83vT2scogVgKHIr-t~XuiqL35PfI3hs2c~ZO0TH4hCqwiNMHQ8GCYsLvllsA__andKey-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
- Description: On a daily basis many of the hosts connected to the Internet experi-ence continuous probing and attack from malicious entities. Detection and defence from these malicious entities has primarily been the con-cern of Intrusion Detection Systems, Intrusion Prevention Systems and Anti-Virus software. These systems rely heavily on known signatures to detect nefarious traffic. Due to the reliance on known malicious signa-tures, these systems have been at a serious disadvantage when it comes to detecting new, never before seen malware. This paper will introduce Tartarus which is a malware tracking and mitigation frame-work that makes use of honeypot technology in order to detect mali-cious traffic. Tartarus implements a dynamic quarantine technique to mitigate the spread of self propagating malware on a production net-work. In order to better understand the spread and impact of internet worms Tartarus is used to construct a detailed demographic of poten-tially malicious hosts on the internet. This host demographic is in turn used as a blacklist for firewall rule creation. The sources of malicious traffic is then illustrated through the use of a geolocation based visuali-sation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Hunter, Samuel O , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428629 , vital:72525 , https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96055420/Hunter-libre.pdf?1671479103=andresponse-content-disposi-tion=inline%3B+filename%3DTartarus_A_honeypot_based_malware_tracki.pdfandExpires=1714722666andSignature=JtPpR-IoAXILqsIJSlmCEvn6yyytE17YLQBeFJRKD5aBug-EbLxFpEGDf4GtQXHbxHvR4~E-b5QtMs1H6ruSYDti9fIHenRbLeepZTx9jYj92to3qZjy7UloigYbQuw0Y6sN95jI7d4HX-Xkspbz0~DsnzwFmLGopg7j9RZSHqpSpI~fBvlml3QQ2rLCm4aB9u8tSW8du5u~FiJgiLHNgJaPzEOzy4~yfKkXBh--LTFdgeAVYxQbOESGGh9k5bc-LDJhQ6dD5HpXsM3wKJvYuVyU6m83vT2scogVgKHIr-t~XuiqL35PfI3hs2c~ZO0TH4hCqwiNMHQ8GCYsLvllsA__andKey-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
- Description: On a daily basis many of the hosts connected to the Internet experi-ence continuous probing and attack from malicious entities. Detection and defence from these malicious entities has primarily been the con-cern of Intrusion Detection Systems, Intrusion Prevention Systems and Anti-Virus software. These systems rely heavily on known signatures to detect nefarious traffic. Due to the reliance on known malicious signa-tures, these systems have been at a serious disadvantage when it comes to detecting new, never before seen malware. This paper will introduce Tartarus which is a malware tracking and mitigation frame-work that makes use of honeypot technology in order to detect mali-cious traffic. Tartarus implements a dynamic quarantine technique to mitigate the spread of self propagating malware on a production net-work. In order to better understand the spread and impact of internet worms Tartarus is used to construct a detailed demographic of poten-tially malicious hosts on the internet. This host demographic is in turn used as a blacklist for firewall rule creation. The sources of malicious traffic is then illustrated through the use of a geolocation based visuali-sation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Near Real-time Aggregation and Visualisation of Hostile Network Traffic
- Hunter, Samuel O, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Hunter, Samuel O , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428067 , vital:72484 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Irwin/publication/327622653_Near_Real-time_Aggregation_and_Visualisation_of_Hostile_Network_Traffic/links/5b9a1474a6fdcc59bf8dfcc2/Near-Real-time-Aggregation-and-Visualisation-of-Hostile-Network-Traffic.pdf4
- Description: Efficient utilization of hostile network traffic for visualization and defen-sive purposes require near real-time availability of such data. Hostile or malicious traffic was obtained through the use of network telescopes and honeypots, as they are effective at capturing mostly illegitimate and nefarious traffic. The data is then exposed in near real-time through a messaging framework and visualized with the help of a geolocation based visualization tool. Defensive applications with regards to hostile network traffic are explored; these include the dynamic quarantine of malicious hosts internal to a network and the egress filtering of denial of service traffic originating from inside a network.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Hunter, Samuel O , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428067 , vital:72484 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Irwin/publication/327622653_Near_Real-time_Aggregation_and_Visualisation_of_Hostile_Network_Traffic/links/5b9a1474a6fdcc59bf8dfcc2/Near-Real-time-Aggregation-and-Visualisation-of-Hostile-Network-Traffic.pdf4
- Description: Efficient utilization of hostile network traffic for visualization and defen-sive purposes require near real-time availability of such data. Hostile or malicious traffic was obtained through the use of network telescopes and honeypots, as they are effective at capturing mostly illegitimate and nefarious traffic. The data is then exposed in near real-time through a messaging framework and visualized with the help of a geolocation based visualization tool. Defensive applications with regards to hostile network traffic are explored; these include the dynamic quarantine of malicious hosts internal to a network and the egress filtering of denial of service traffic originating from inside a network.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Learning to squander: making meaningful connections in the infinite text of world culture
- Authors: Jamal, Ashraf
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147391 , vital:38632 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC45816
- Description: In this article on South African visual art I fix my sight on a global interhuman and aesthetic sphere in which region/nation/transnation merge to produce a cultural economy that overlaps and cannot be satisfactorily grasped according to a centre-periphery model. This eschewal of existing binary models also means a reconceptualisation of the liminal as an in-between space in a fixed divide. Currently it is not only the margin that is indeterminate, but the infinite text of the global cultural economy within which visual art plays its part.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Jamal, Ashraf
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147391 , vital:38632 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC45816
- Description: In this article on South African visual art I fix my sight on a global interhuman and aesthetic sphere in which region/nation/transnation merge to produce a cultural economy that overlaps and cannot be satisfactorily grasped according to a centre-periphery model. This eschewal of existing binary models also means a reconceptualisation of the liminal as an in-between space in a fixed divide. Currently it is not only the margin that is indeterminate, but the infinite text of the global cultural economy within which visual art plays its part.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Being moved by a way the world is not
- Authors: Jones, Ward E
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275631 , vital:55064 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9522-z"
- Description: At the end of Lecture 3 of The Empirical Stance, Bas van Fraassen suggests that we see the change of view involved in scientific revolutions as being, at least in part, emotional. In this paper, I explore one plausible way of cashing out this suggestion. Someone’s emotional approval of a description of the world, I argue, thereby shows that she takes herself to have reason to take that description seriously. This is true even if she is convinced—as a scientific community is when it considers alternative theories—that this description is false, that it is not the way the world is.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Jones, Ward E
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275631 , vital:55064 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9522-z"
- Description: At the end of Lecture 3 of The Empirical Stance, Bas van Fraassen suggests that we see the change of view involved in scientific revolutions as being, at least in part, emotional. In this paper, I explore one plausible way of cashing out this suggestion. Someone’s emotional approval of a description of the world, I argue, thereby shows that she takes herself to have reason to take that description seriously. This is true even if she is convinced—as a scientific community is when it considers alternative theories—that this description is false, that it is not the way the world is.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Elizabeth Costello and the Biography of the Moral Philosopher
- Authors: Jones, Ward E
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275635 , vital:55065 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6245.2011.01462.x"
- Description: Imagine someone who informs you that her conversion to vegetarianism began when she read Charlotte's Web or viewed the film Babe. Both stories invite the reader to celebrate the events surrounding a pig being saved from the butcher. What kind of role would her spectatorship of this book or film have played in her conversion? It is perhaps improbable to suspect that she would have undergone this kind of extreme moral conversion solely on the basis of her engagement with one of these fictions; perhaps more likely is the scenario in which her engagement was only one part of a lengthy process of her moral change of mind. In any event, it is certainly possible that our imagined vegetarian would see her encounter with Charlotte's Web or Babe as playing a justificatory role in her conversion. In looking back at her conversion, she might say something like this: “I know that I was young and impressionable, but the way in which the book (or film) made me feel about its characters moved me to further reflect upon animals and the animal industry, and I now realize that it was right to do so.” On her own view, at least, her spectatorship motivated and warranted her taking the further steps that ultimately led to her conversion. If she is right, then fictional narratives can possess—to at least some degree—what Raimond Gaita refers to as an ethical “authority.”
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Jones, Ward E
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275635 , vital:55065 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6245.2011.01462.x"
- Description: Imagine someone who informs you that her conversion to vegetarianism began when she read Charlotte's Web or viewed the film Babe. Both stories invite the reader to celebrate the events surrounding a pig being saved from the butcher. What kind of role would her spectatorship of this book or film have played in her conversion? It is perhaps improbable to suspect that she would have undergone this kind of extreme moral conversion solely on the basis of her engagement with one of these fictions; perhaps more likely is the scenario in which her engagement was only one part of a lengthy process of her moral change of mind. In any event, it is certainly possible that our imagined vegetarian would see her encounter with Charlotte's Web or Babe as playing a justificatory role in her conversion. In looking back at her conversion, she might say something like this: “I know that I was young and impressionable, but the way in which the book (or film) made me feel about its characters moved me to further reflect upon animals and the animal industry, and I now realize that it was right to do so.” On her own view, at least, her spectatorship motivated and warranted her taking the further steps that ultimately led to her conversion. If she is right, then fictional narratives can possess—to at least some degree—what Raimond Gaita refers to as an ethical “authority.”
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Going against the tide: seeking regulations for private military/security companies in a globalized world
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/128822 , vital:36163 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC85398
- Description: This article discusses the role of privatization of security in Africa, but its focus is on private military and security companies (PMSCs). The article proceeds on the basis that there is need for effective regulatory frameworks for PMSCs that operate in conflict zones of Africa. Thus, it begins by appraising the existing normative standards at the international, regional and domestic level that apply to these companies, and thereafter, identifies their shortcomings in light of the prevailing security conditions within the continent. The article then posits broad theoretical imperatives for designing a more effective regulatory framework for PMSCs and concludes by proposing the establishment an overarching continental regime constructed on the basis of the suggested imperatives.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/128822 , vital:36163 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC85398
- Description: This article discusses the role of privatization of security in Africa, but its focus is on private military and security companies (PMSCs). The article proceeds on the basis that there is need for effective regulatory frameworks for PMSCs that operate in conflict zones of Africa. Thus, it begins by appraising the existing normative standards at the international, regional and domestic level that apply to these companies, and thereafter, identifies their shortcomings in light of the prevailing security conditions within the continent. The article then posits broad theoretical imperatives for designing a more effective regulatory framework for PMSCs and concludes by proposing the establishment an overarching continental regime constructed on the basis of the suggested imperatives.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2011
The laws of Lerotholi: role and status of codified rules of custom in the kingdom of Lesotho
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/128810 , vital:36162 , https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/pacinlwr23ampi=94
- Description: The status of customary law in African societies is diminished by factors, most of which are generated by the machinery of the modern state. But its mantle, kept alive by neo-traditional scholarship and a commitment to multiculturalism in the post-independence era, has nevertheless sustained an active discussion on its relevance to the future of law and the general administration of justice in African states.2
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/128810 , vital:36162 , https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/pacinlwr23ampi=94
- Description: The status of customary law in African societies is diminished by factors, most of which are generated by the machinery of the modern state. But its mantle, kept alive by neo-traditional scholarship and a commitment to multiculturalism in the post-independence era, has nevertheless sustained an active discussion on its relevance to the future of law and the general administration of justice in African states.2
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Privatisation, human rights and security: reflections on the draft international convention on regulation, oversight and monitoring of private military and security companies
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/128800 , vital:36160 , http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ldd.v15i1.3
- Description: Efforts to establish regulatory frameworks for private military/security companies (PMSCs), driven by public security concerns as well as private interests of the companies themselves, have yielded a number of soft law instruments. Unfortunately, most of these instruments are conditioned by the underlying interests of their promulgators and have therefore failed to establish universally acceptable regulatory standards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/128800 , vital:36160 , http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ldd.v15i1.3
- Description: Efforts to establish regulatory frameworks for private military/security companies (PMSCs), driven by public security concerns as well as private interests of the companies themselves, have yielded a number of soft law instruments. Unfortunately, most of these instruments are conditioned by the underlying interests of their promulgators and have therefore failed to establish universally acceptable regulatory standards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Detecting impacts of invasive non-native sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, within invaded and non-invaded rivers.
- Kadye, Wilbert T, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Kadye, Wilbert T , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124100 , vital:35539 , https://doi.10.1007/s10531-012-0291-5
- Description: In aquatic ecosystems, impacts by invasive introduced fish can be likened to press disturbances that persistently influence communities. This study examined invasion disturbances by determining the relationship between non-native sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus and aquatic macroinvertebrates in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A Multiple Before–After Control–Impact (MBACI) experimental design was used to examine macroinvertebrate communities within two rivers: one with catfish and another one without catfish. Within the invaded river, macroinvertebrates showed little response to catfish presence, whereas predator exclusion appeared to benefit community structure. This suggests that the macroinvertebrate community within the invaded river was adapted to predation impact because of the dominance of resilient taxa, such as Hirudinea, Oligochaeta and Chironomidae that were abundant in the Impact treatment relative to the Control treatment. High macroinvertebrate diversity and richness that was observed in the Control treatment, which excluded the predator, relative to the Impact treatment suggests predator avoidance behaviour within the invaded river. By comparison, within the uninvaded river, catfish introduction into the Impact treatment plots indicated negative effects on macroinvertebrate community that was reflected by decrease in diversity, richness and biomass. A community level impact was also reflected in the multivariate analysis that indicated more variation in macroinvertebrate composition within the Impact treatment relative to the Control in the uninvaded river. Catfish impact within the uninvaded river suggests the dominance of vulnerable taxa, such as odonates that were less abundant in the Impact treatment plots after catfish introduction. From a disturbance perspective, this study revealed different macroinvertebrate responses to catfish impact, and suggests that within invaded habitats, macroinvertebrates were less responsive to catfish presence, whereas catfish introduction within uninvaded habitats demonstrated invasion impact that was shown by a decrease in the abundance of vulnerable taxa. The occurrence of non-native sharptooth catfish within many Eastern Cape rivers is a concern because of its predation impact and potential to influence trophic interrelationships, and efforts should be taken to protect uninvaded rivers, and, where possible, eradicate the invader.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Kadye, Wilbert T , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124100 , vital:35539 , https://doi.10.1007/s10531-012-0291-5
- Description: In aquatic ecosystems, impacts by invasive introduced fish can be likened to press disturbances that persistently influence communities. This study examined invasion disturbances by determining the relationship between non-native sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus and aquatic macroinvertebrates in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A Multiple Before–After Control–Impact (MBACI) experimental design was used to examine macroinvertebrate communities within two rivers: one with catfish and another one without catfish. Within the invaded river, macroinvertebrates showed little response to catfish presence, whereas predator exclusion appeared to benefit community structure. This suggests that the macroinvertebrate community within the invaded river was adapted to predation impact because of the dominance of resilient taxa, such as Hirudinea, Oligochaeta and Chironomidae that were abundant in the Impact treatment relative to the Control treatment. High macroinvertebrate diversity and richness that was observed in the Control treatment, which excluded the predator, relative to the Impact treatment suggests predator avoidance behaviour within the invaded river. By comparison, within the uninvaded river, catfish introduction into the Impact treatment plots indicated negative effects on macroinvertebrate community that was reflected by decrease in diversity, richness and biomass. A community level impact was also reflected in the multivariate analysis that indicated more variation in macroinvertebrate composition within the Impact treatment relative to the Control in the uninvaded river. Catfish impact within the uninvaded river suggests the dominance of vulnerable taxa, such as odonates that were less abundant in the Impact treatment plots after catfish introduction. From a disturbance perspective, this study revealed different macroinvertebrate responses to catfish impact, and suggests that within invaded habitats, macroinvertebrates were less responsive to catfish presence, whereas catfish introduction within uninvaded habitats demonstrated invasion impact that was shown by a decrease in the abundance of vulnerable taxa. The occurrence of non-native sharptooth catfish within many Eastern Cape rivers is a concern because of its predation impact and potential to influence trophic interrelationships, and efforts should be taken to protect uninvaded rivers, and, where possible, eradicate the invader.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Inter-seasonal persistence and size-structuring of two minnow species within headwater streams in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Kadye, Wilbert T, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Kadye, Wilbert T , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124866 , vital:35705 , https://doi.10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.02027.x
- Description: This study examined temporal variation in population dynamics and size structuring of two cyprinid minnows, Pseudobarbus afer and Barbus anoplus, in relation to their proximate physical habitats. Population estimates were determined using three-pass depletion sampling during both summer and winter. The habitats were characterised by seasonal variation in all physico-chemical conditions and spatial variation in substrata compositions. Whereas significant differences in population size were noted between seasons for B. anoplus, no differences were found between seasons for density and capture probability for either species. An increase in boulders was associated with increase in population size and density for P. afer; for B. anoplus, increased percentages of bedrock and bank vegetation were associated with an increase in population size and probability of capture, respectively. According to Canonical Correspondence Analysis, size structuring in P. afer was explained predominantly by seasonality, with smaller length classes associated with the seasonal variable of summer, while larger length classes were associated with pH that was higher in winter. By comparison, for B. anoplus, the habitat variables – bank vegetation and bedrock – accounted for much of the explained variance for size structuring. Recruitment appeared to be the major driver of size structuring for the two species; refugia, especially boulders and bank vegetation, also appeared to be important. Overall, the two species were adapted to the headwater streams that were generally variable in environmental conditions. Potential invasions by non-native invasive fishes that occur within the mainstream habitats threaten these two species. Efforts should continue to protect these minnows from such invasions by constructing barriers to upstream migration of non-native fishes into these headwater habitats.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Kadye, Wilbert T , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124866 , vital:35705 , https://doi.10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.02027.x
- Description: This study examined temporal variation in population dynamics and size structuring of two cyprinid minnows, Pseudobarbus afer and Barbus anoplus, in relation to their proximate physical habitats. Population estimates were determined using three-pass depletion sampling during both summer and winter. The habitats were characterised by seasonal variation in all physico-chemical conditions and spatial variation in substrata compositions. Whereas significant differences in population size were noted between seasons for B. anoplus, no differences were found between seasons for density and capture probability for either species. An increase in boulders was associated with increase in population size and density for P. afer; for B. anoplus, increased percentages of bedrock and bank vegetation were associated with an increase in population size and probability of capture, respectively. According to Canonical Correspondence Analysis, size structuring in P. afer was explained predominantly by seasonality, with smaller length classes associated with the seasonal variable of summer, while larger length classes were associated with pH that was higher in winter. By comparison, for B. anoplus, the habitat variables – bank vegetation and bedrock – accounted for much of the explained variance for size structuring. Recruitment appeared to be the major driver of size structuring for the two species; refugia, especially boulders and bank vegetation, also appeared to be important. Overall, the two species were adapted to the headwater streams that were generally variable in environmental conditions. Potential invasions by non-native invasive fishes that occur within the mainstream habitats threaten these two species. Efforts should continue to protect these minnows from such invasions by constructing barriers to upstream migration of non-native fishes into these headwater habitats.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Selection and characterization of suitable lipid excipients for use in the manufacture of didanosine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers
- Kasongo, Kasongo W, Pardeike, Jana, Muller, Rainer H, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Kasongo, Kasongo W , Pardeike, Jana , Muller, Rainer H , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184016 , vital:44156 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.22711"
- Description: This research aimed to evaluate the suitability of lipids for the manufacture of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with the hydrophilic drug, didanosine (DDI). The crystalline state and polymorphism of lipids with the best‐solubulizing potential for DDI was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). DSC and WAXS were also used to determine potential interactions between the bulk lipids and DDI. Precirol® ATO 5 and Transcutol® HP showed the best‐solubilizing potential for DDI. Precirol® ATO 5 exists in the β‐modification before heating; however, a mixture of both α‐ and β‐modifications were detected following heating. Addition of Transcutol® HP to Precirol® ATO 5 changes the polymorphism of the latter from the β‐modification to a form that exhibits coexistence of the α‐ and β‐modifications. DDI exists in a crystalline state when dispersed at 5% (w/w) in Precirol® ATO 5 or in a Precirol® ATO 5/Transcutol® HP mixture. DSC and WAXS profiles of DDI/bulk lipids mixture obtained before and after exposure to heat revealed no interactions between DDI and the lipids. Precirol® ATO 5 and a mixture of Precirol® ATO 5 and Transcutol® HP may be used to manufacture DDI‐loaded SLN and NLC, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Kasongo, Kasongo W , Pardeike, Jana , Muller, Rainer H , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184016 , vital:44156 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.22711"
- Description: This research aimed to evaluate the suitability of lipids for the manufacture of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with the hydrophilic drug, didanosine (DDI). The crystalline state and polymorphism of lipids with the best‐solubulizing potential for DDI was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). DSC and WAXS were also used to determine potential interactions between the bulk lipids and DDI. Precirol® ATO 5 and Transcutol® HP showed the best‐solubilizing potential for DDI. Precirol® ATO 5 exists in the β‐modification before heating; however, a mixture of both α‐ and β‐modifications were detected following heating. Addition of Transcutol® HP to Precirol® ATO 5 changes the polymorphism of the latter from the β‐modification to a form that exhibits coexistence of the α‐ and β‐modifications. DDI exists in a crystalline state when dispersed at 5% (w/w) in Precirol® ATO 5 or in a Precirol® ATO 5/Transcutol® HP mixture. DSC and WAXS profiles of DDI/bulk lipids mixture obtained before and after exposure to heat revealed no interactions between DDI and the lipids. Precirol® ATO 5 and a mixture of Precirol® ATO 5 and Transcutol® HP may be used to manufacture DDI‐loaded SLN and NLC, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011