Investigating an environmental education curriculum to a developing society's needs: a case study of the programme offered at the Pilanesberg National Park, Bophuthatswana
- Authors: Johnson, Steven Robert
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Environmental education Environmental education -- Curricula -- South Africa -- Bophuthatswana Environmental education -- Curricula -- Case studies Pilanesberg National Park (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1585 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003467
- Description: The Environmental Education programme offered at the Gold Fields Environmental Education Centre (GFEE Centre) in the Pilanesberg National Park, Bophuthatswana, was initiated in response to requests from schools in Bophuthatswana to visit game reserves as 'syllabus related school activities'. Evaluative research into the GFEE Centre programme by an external researcher indicated that the learning experiences largely concentrated on cognitive development, and neglected to influence affective and psychomotor development. After a number of adaptations to the programme, which emphasised a more child-centred approach it was realised that little was known about the background and learning needs of the predominantly BaTswana school children. It was felt by the researcher that the learning activities provided at the GFEE Centre could also possibly be biased by a Western, scientific orientation which possibly lacked relevance to the cultural backgrounds of the pupils. The researcher used an action research approach in a number of workshops with a purposive sample of BaTswana primary school teachers, to gather data. The teachers were encouraged to critically reflect on the background and learning-needs of BaTswana children, with specific regard to environmental issues and worldviews. The information provided by the teachers' reflective deliberations and a seperate research project with school children, indicated that primary school children in Bophuthatswana tend to follow accepted human development patterns in their perceptions of the environment. The influence of either a predominantly rural or urban upbringing during a child's early formative years was considered by the teachers to be significant in determining worldviews, and culture was considered to have an influence on children's learning processes. Their beliefs and experiences were used by them in generating suggestions to correct the GFEE Centre programme. The teachers' also highlighted the fact that there were a number of socio-cultural and institutional issues which influenced the effectiveness of the GFEE Centre programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Johnson, Steven Robert
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Environmental education Environmental education -- Curricula -- South Africa -- Bophuthatswana Environmental education -- Curricula -- Case studies Pilanesberg National Park (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1585 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003467
- Description: The Environmental Education programme offered at the Gold Fields Environmental Education Centre (GFEE Centre) in the Pilanesberg National Park, Bophuthatswana, was initiated in response to requests from schools in Bophuthatswana to visit game reserves as 'syllabus related school activities'. Evaluative research into the GFEE Centre programme by an external researcher indicated that the learning experiences largely concentrated on cognitive development, and neglected to influence affective and psychomotor development. After a number of adaptations to the programme, which emphasised a more child-centred approach it was realised that little was known about the background and learning needs of the predominantly BaTswana school children. It was felt by the researcher that the learning activities provided at the GFEE Centre could also possibly be biased by a Western, scientific orientation which possibly lacked relevance to the cultural backgrounds of the pupils. The researcher used an action research approach in a number of workshops with a purposive sample of BaTswana primary school teachers, to gather data. The teachers were encouraged to critically reflect on the background and learning-needs of BaTswana children, with specific regard to environmental issues and worldviews. The information provided by the teachers' reflective deliberations and a seperate research project with school children, indicated that primary school children in Bophuthatswana tend to follow accepted human development patterns in their perceptions of the environment. The influence of either a predominantly rural or urban upbringing during a child's early formative years was considered by the teachers to be significant in determining worldviews, and culture was considered to have an influence on children's learning processes. Their beliefs and experiences were used by them in generating suggestions to correct the GFEE Centre programme. The teachers' also highlighted the fact that there were a number of socio-cultural and institutional issues which influenced the effectiveness of the GFEE Centre programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Anton Muziwakhe Lembede
- Ka Msumza, Luyanda, Edgar, Robert
- Authors: Ka Msumza, Luyanda , Edgar, Robert
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Lembede, Anton Muziwakhe, 1914-1947 African National Congress -- Youth League Africans -- Government relations South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1909-1948
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2702 , vital:20318
- Description: This essay is an introduction to Freedom in Our Lifetime: The Collected Writings of Anton M. Lembede to be published by Skotaville Press in 1995. On Easter Sunday 1944 a group of young political activists gathered at the Bantu Men's Social Centre in Orlando township to launch the African National Congress Youth League. Motivated by their desire to shake up the "Old Guard" in the African National Congress (ANC) and set the ANC on a militant course, this "Class of '44“ became the nucleus of a remarkable generation of African leaders - Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Jordan Ngubane, Ellen Kuzwayo, Albertina Sisulu, A.P. Mda, Dan Tloome, and David Bopape - many of whom remained at the forefront of the struggle for freedom and equality in South Africa for the next half century. However, in 1944, the figure the Youth Leaguers turned to for their first president is not even listed in this group. He was a Natal-born lawyer, Anton Muziwakhe Lembede. Known to his friends as "Lembs," Lembede was a political neophyte when he moved from the Orange Free State to Johannesburg in 1943 to practice law. However his sharp intellect, fiery personality, and unwavering commitment to the struggle made an immediate impression on his peers, and he was quickly catapulted into prominence in both the Youth League and the parent ANC. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Ka Msumza, Luyanda , Edgar, Robert
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Lembede, Anton Muziwakhe, 1914-1947 African National Congress -- Youth League Africans -- Government relations South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1909-1948
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2702 , vital:20318
- Description: This essay is an introduction to Freedom in Our Lifetime: The Collected Writings of Anton M. Lembede to be published by Skotaville Press in 1995. On Easter Sunday 1944 a group of young political activists gathered at the Bantu Men's Social Centre in Orlando township to launch the African National Congress Youth League. Motivated by their desire to shake up the "Old Guard" in the African National Congress (ANC) and set the ANC on a militant course, this "Class of '44“ became the nucleus of a remarkable generation of African leaders - Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Jordan Ngubane, Ellen Kuzwayo, Albertina Sisulu, A.P. Mda, Dan Tloome, and David Bopape - many of whom remained at the forefront of the struggle for freedom and equality in South Africa for the next half century. However, in 1944, the figure the Youth Leaguers turned to for their first president is not even listed in this group. He was a Natal-born lawyer, Anton Muziwakhe Lembede. Known to his friends as "Lembs," Lembede was a political neophyte when he moved from the Orange Free State to Johannesburg in 1943 to practice law. However his sharp intellect, fiery personality, and unwavering commitment to the struggle made an immediate impression on his peers, and he was quickly catapulted into prominence in both the Youth League and the parent ANC. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Hermeneutics in psychotherapy : a study of interpretation in the context of the psychotherapeutic dialogue
- Authors: Kelly, Kevin John
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Insight in psychotherapy Psychotherapy -- Methodology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3199 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009515
- Description: The central aim of this study was to contribute to the understanding of the process of interpretation as it occurs in the context of a dialogue in insight-oriented psychotherapy. The literature review consisted of two parts. Firstly, the philosophical literature on the theory of interpretation was reviewed. A set of central philosophical issues was identified, which pertain to the psychotherapeutic project of interpreting the meaning of a person's experience in the context of a dialogue with that person. Secondly, the psychotherapeutic literature was reviewed. Previous attempts to conceptualise and prescribe processes of interpretation were described. The issues which appeared to be in need of further clarification were identified. A clinical study was conducted to further explore the questions raised in the literature reviews. A methodology was developed which gave access to the direct experience of both clients and therapists during the events of psychotherapeutic interpretation. The methodology yielded a description of the interpretative structure of the psychotherapeutic dialogue for each therapist-client pair. These were then consolidated into a description of general structural features of the psychotherapeutic dialogue. The results consisted of a description of processes and structural features which are intrinsic to the psychotherapeutic interpretation of the meaning of a person's experience in the context of a dialogue. The results were elaborated in an extensive discussion from which the following findings emerged: (l)It is important to distinguish between communicative and interpretative forms of dialogue. (2)Thematisation activity is mediated by a number of dialectically related operations which are intrinsic to the interpretative project of psychotherapy. (3)Insight-oriented psychotherapy relies on the presence of the therapist as a dialogical partner and the therapist is not merely a facilitator of introspection on the part of the client. (4)The character of interpretation in psychotherapy may be understood in certain respects to be an elaboration of functions of the imagination. (5)The process of interpretation can be understood in relational terms and the variations of interpretative experience may be understood as variations of 'an inter-subjective interpretative ideal. (6)Understanding of certain forms of psychopathology is deepened when they are considered as variations of an ideal capacity to engage in interpretative dialogue. (7)It is possible to describe certain ideal conditions which are facilitative of interpretative dialogue and hence of the psychotherapeutic development of self-insight. In conclusion suggestions for further research were made. It was suggested that the perspective of hermeneutic phenomenology provides an appropriate philosophical and methodological foundation for understanding the unique dialogical interpretative situation which is psychotherapy. The study emphasized, both in its content and in the manner of its execution, the need for interpretative efforts to be accompanied by methodological reflection and especially an awareness of how interpretative strategies partially constitute the realities they set out to describe.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Kelly, Kevin John
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Insight in psychotherapy Psychotherapy -- Methodology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3199 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009515
- Description: The central aim of this study was to contribute to the understanding of the process of interpretation as it occurs in the context of a dialogue in insight-oriented psychotherapy. The literature review consisted of two parts. Firstly, the philosophical literature on the theory of interpretation was reviewed. A set of central philosophical issues was identified, which pertain to the psychotherapeutic project of interpreting the meaning of a person's experience in the context of a dialogue with that person. Secondly, the psychotherapeutic literature was reviewed. Previous attempts to conceptualise and prescribe processes of interpretation were described. The issues which appeared to be in need of further clarification were identified. A clinical study was conducted to further explore the questions raised in the literature reviews. A methodology was developed which gave access to the direct experience of both clients and therapists during the events of psychotherapeutic interpretation. The methodology yielded a description of the interpretative structure of the psychotherapeutic dialogue for each therapist-client pair. These were then consolidated into a description of general structural features of the psychotherapeutic dialogue. The results consisted of a description of processes and structural features which are intrinsic to the psychotherapeutic interpretation of the meaning of a person's experience in the context of a dialogue. The results were elaborated in an extensive discussion from which the following findings emerged: (l)It is important to distinguish between communicative and interpretative forms of dialogue. (2)Thematisation activity is mediated by a number of dialectically related operations which are intrinsic to the interpretative project of psychotherapy. (3)Insight-oriented psychotherapy relies on the presence of the therapist as a dialogical partner and the therapist is not merely a facilitator of introspection on the part of the client. (4)The character of interpretation in psychotherapy may be understood in certain respects to be an elaboration of functions of the imagination. (5)The process of interpretation can be understood in relational terms and the variations of interpretative experience may be understood as variations of 'an inter-subjective interpretative ideal. (6)Understanding of certain forms of psychopathology is deepened when they are considered as variations of an ideal capacity to engage in interpretative dialogue. (7)It is possible to describe certain ideal conditions which are facilitative of interpretative dialogue and hence of the psychotherapeutic development of self-insight. In conclusion suggestions for further research were made. It was suggested that the perspective of hermeneutic phenomenology provides an appropriate philosophical and methodological foundation for understanding the unique dialogical interpretative situation which is psychotherapy. The study emphasized, both in its content and in the manner of its execution, the need for interpretative efforts to be accompanied by methodological reflection and especially an awareness of how interpretative strategies partially constitute the realities they set out to describe.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
The dissociation of ammonium salts and their effect on the physiology and biochemistry of L-lysine synthesis by Corynebacterium glutamicum FP6
- Authors: Kenyon, Colin Peter
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Ammonium salts Lysine -- Synthesis Corynebacterium Dissociation -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4034 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004094
- Description: The availability and assimilation of NH₄⁺ plays an integral role in the growth of microorganisms and the production of amino acids by these organisms. This study investigated the dissociation of NH₄⁺in aqueous solution, its availability and effect on the enzymes of NH₄⁺ assimilation and its influence on lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum.In aqueous solution the extent of dissociation of NH₄C1, {NH₄)₂S0₄ and (NH₄)₂HP0₄ increases with decreasing concentration. A model is proposed for the dissociation of these molecules. It is believed that at very low concentrations, dissociation to NH₃ plus the respective counter-ions occurs. At these low concentrations the NH₃ acts as the substrate for glutamine synthetase. At the higher concentrations dissociation is to NH₄⁺ which is the substrate for glutamate dehydrogenase. At these higher concentrations the enzyme activities obtained for glutamate dehydrogenase, at equivalent concentrations of the above ammonium salts, were different when based on the total concentration of NH₄⁺, and similar when based on the concentration of free NH₄⁺. L-Iysine occurs in the +1 ionic form, at pH 7,2. The lysine which is produced during fermentation associates with the anionic counter-ion of the ammonium salt used. The concentration of the free NH₄⁺ in the media appears to affect both the rate of lysine synthesis as well as the yield. The lysine fermentation occurs in two stages; a growth (or replicative) phase, during which very little lysine is produced, and a lysine synthesis (or maturation) phase. During the lysine synthesis phase there is no cell replication, however an increase in the mass of the biomass produced is apparent. Evidence is provided for the possible concomitant synthesis of the the cell wall polymer, glycerol teichoic acid, and lysine. On the basis of this evidence, a nucleotide balance is proposed for lysine and teichoic acid synthesis. The replicative phase and the maturation phase have to be effectively separated to obtain optimal lysine yields and titres. It is believed that teichoic acid synthesis during the replicative phase must be kept to a minimum for optimal yields and titres to be obtained, and on completion of the cell wall and therefore teichoic acid synthesis, lysine synthesis ceases. As the production of lysine appears to be affected by the NH₄⁺ concentration in the culture media, it is proposed that a futile cycle may exist around the transport and assimilation of the NH₄⁺. If the fermentations are run at low free NH₄⁺ concentrations, it was shown that lysine yields of 0,66, on the glucose utilised, are attainable during the fermentation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Kenyon, Colin Peter
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Ammonium salts Lysine -- Synthesis Corynebacterium Dissociation -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4034 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004094
- Description: The availability and assimilation of NH₄⁺ plays an integral role in the growth of microorganisms and the production of amino acids by these organisms. This study investigated the dissociation of NH₄⁺in aqueous solution, its availability and effect on the enzymes of NH₄⁺ assimilation and its influence on lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum.In aqueous solution the extent of dissociation of NH₄C1, {NH₄)₂S0₄ and (NH₄)₂HP0₄ increases with decreasing concentration. A model is proposed for the dissociation of these molecules. It is believed that at very low concentrations, dissociation to NH₃ plus the respective counter-ions occurs. At these low concentrations the NH₃ acts as the substrate for glutamine synthetase. At the higher concentrations dissociation is to NH₄⁺ which is the substrate for glutamate dehydrogenase. At these higher concentrations the enzyme activities obtained for glutamate dehydrogenase, at equivalent concentrations of the above ammonium salts, were different when based on the total concentration of NH₄⁺, and similar when based on the concentration of free NH₄⁺. L-Iysine occurs in the +1 ionic form, at pH 7,2. The lysine which is produced during fermentation associates with the anionic counter-ion of the ammonium salt used. The concentration of the free NH₄⁺ in the media appears to affect both the rate of lysine synthesis as well as the yield. The lysine fermentation occurs in two stages; a growth (or replicative) phase, during which very little lysine is produced, and a lysine synthesis (or maturation) phase. During the lysine synthesis phase there is no cell replication, however an increase in the mass of the biomass produced is apparent. Evidence is provided for the possible concomitant synthesis of the the cell wall polymer, glycerol teichoic acid, and lysine. On the basis of this evidence, a nucleotide balance is proposed for lysine and teichoic acid synthesis. The replicative phase and the maturation phase have to be effectively separated to obtain optimal lysine yields and titres. It is believed that teichoic acid synthesis during the replicative phase must be kept to a minimum for optimal yields and titres to be obtained, and on completion of the cell wall and therefore teichoic acid synthesis, lysine synthesis ceases. As the production of lysine appears to be affected by the NH₄⁺ concentration in the culture media, it is proposed that a futile cycle may exist around the transport and assimilation of the NH₄⁺. If the fermentations are run at low free NH₄⁺ concentrations, it was shown that lysine yields of 0,66, on the glucose utilised, are attainable during the fermentation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
The potential of the township landscape for fieldwork in the teaching of senior secondary school geography: a case study in Duncan Village/Gompo, East London
- Authors: King, Llewellyn
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Geography -- Fieldwork -- Study and teaching Geography -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Children with social disabilities -- Education (Secondary) -- South Africa Duncan Village (East London, South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1709 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003592
- Description: The research emerged out of a need to address firsthand classroom concerns. The problem identified was that the D.E.T. geography syllabus had a Western-orientated world-view and, as such, was largely inappropriate to the experiences of township pupils. As a result, education in townships tends to maintain the status quo and the marginal position of the majority of South Africans. Recent unpublished research has shown that fieldwork is an effective compensatory tool. If fieldwork is used in the township , it can utilize the local environment which is familiar to pupils. Fieldwork, as an approach, has an additional advantage of being a vehicle for the empowerment of users. The research sets out to explore the potential of the township environment as a site in which fieldwork can be undertaken. Numerous opportunities are identified and these have been developed into fieldwork exercises. Out of the preparatory work, a need arose to establish the viability of doing township fieldwork. The concern is that, in spite of fieldwork appearing in the secondary school syllabus for a number of years, it is a largely unexplored teaching approach. This necessitated the testing and evaluation of fieldwork opportunities in the township environment. The chaotic conditions of township education impinged upon the research process, causing its premature termination. The latter part of the research process raises questions of an ethical nature. Notwithstanding these problems, several positive factors emerge; the negative aspects should not be allowed to overshadow the benefits of the research. An emancipatory action research framework is used to evaluate the research process. The study concludes by highlighting the main issues raised in the research and makes recommendations concerning topics requiring further investigation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: King, Llewellyn
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Geography -- Fieldwork -- Study and teaching Geography -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Children with social disabilities -- Education (Secondary) -- South Africa Duncan Village (East London, South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1709 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003592
- Description: The research emerged out of a need to address firsthand classroom concerns. The problem identified was that the D.E.T. geography syllabus had a Western-orientated world-view and, as such, was largely inappropriate to the experiences of township pupils. As a result, education in townships tends to maintain the status quo and the marginal position of the majority of South Africans. Recent unpublished research has shown that fieldwork is an effective compensatory tool. If fieldwork is used in the township , it can utilize the local environment which is familiar to pupils. Fieldwork, as an approach, has an additional advantage of being a vehicle for the empowerment of users. The research sets out to explore the potential of the township environment as a site in which fieldwork can be undertaken. Numerous opportunities are identified and these have been developed into fieldwork exercises. Out of the preparatory work, a need arose to establish the viability of doing township fieldwork. The concern is that, in spite of fieldwork appearing in the secondary school syllabus for a number of years, it is a largely unexplored teaching approach. This necessitated the testing and evaluation of fieldwork opportunities in the township environment. The chaotic conditions of township education impinged upon the research process, causing its premature termination. The latter part of the research process raises questions of an ethical nature. Notwithstanding these problems, several positive factors emerge; the negative aspects should not be allowed to overshadow the benefits of the research. An emancipatory action research framework is used to evaluate the research process. The study concludes by highlighting the main issues raised in the research and makes recommendations concerning topics requiring further investigation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
An investigation of the potential role for environmental education in the conservation of the Swartkops estuary and Swartkops Nature Reserve
- Kitson, Brian Anthony Austen
- Authors: Kitson, Brian Anthony Austen
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Environmental education -- Curricula -- South Africa Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Swartkops Nature Reserve Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Swartkops River
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1654 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003537
- Description: This study explores the potential role of an environmental education approach towards the conservation of the Swartkops Estuary and Swartkops Nature Reserve. More specifically it examines the opinions, feelings and perceptions of a sample of twenty seven people, who have a vested interest, in the possible conservation of the area. These stakeholders were comprised of people representing all the various groups and communities that use either or both the estuary and reserve. Opinions were examined by means of a qualitative data analysis from semi-structured interviews. The conservation opinions of respondents were obtained on both general topics and more detailed areas. Due to the small sample and exploratory nature of the project, these results should be viewed as tentative. Proposals are made for increasing the impact of Environmental Education programmes in this and similar environments, and recommendations are put forward to help facilitate related studies in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Kitson, Brian Anthony Austen
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Environmental education -- Curricula -- South Africa Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Swartkops Nature Reserve Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Swartkops River
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1654 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003537
- Description: This study explores the potential role of an environmental education approach towards the conservation of the Swartkops Estuary and Swartkops Nature Reserve. More specifically it examines the opinions, feelings and perceptions of a sample of twenty seven people, who have a vested interest, in the possible conservation of the area. These stakeholders were comprised of people representing all the various groups and communities that use either or both the estuary and reserve. Opinions were examined by means of a qualitative data analysis from semi-structured interviews. The conservation opinions of respondents were obtained on both general topics and more detailed areas. Due to the small sample and exploratory nature of the project, these results should be viewed as tentative. Proposals are made for increasing the impact of Environmental Education programmes in this and similar environments, and recommendations are put forward to help facilitate related studies in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Development of an artificial weaning diet for the South African abalone, Haliotis midae (Haliotidae: Gastropoda)
- Authors: Knauer, Jens
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Abalone culture -- Research -- South Africa , Ichthyology , Abalones
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5204 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004099 , Abalone culture -- Research -- South Africa , Ichthyology , Abalones
- Description: An adequate supply of diatoms during the weaning stage (generally 5 - 10 mm shell length (SL)) is one of the primary constraints to the commercial culture of the South African abalone, Haliotis midae. Because of the seriousness of the problem, a project aimed at the development of an artificial weaning diet was initiated. Initially, the chemical composition (proximate composition, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral element profile) of juvenile H. midae was analyzed, as a general lack of such information was identified in a review. Due to the lack of knowledge on the nutritional requirements of H. midae, the formulation of the weaning diet was based on the essential amino acid (EAA) pattern of the shucked tissue, and the known nutrient requirements of haliotids. Subsequently, a water stable gel and pellet form of the diet were developed. The best water stability of a gel was obtained with a 1:3 agar/gelatine mixture which retained 70.7 ± 2.7 % of its dry weight after 24 h. Starch based pellets, however, retained 89.0 ± 0.6 % of their dry weight after 24 h. In a comparative growth trial, pellets produced a significantly better increase in SL and weight than gels after only 15 days. This was probably due to the better water stability of pellets, which resulted in a better nutritional quality than in gels. The feeding behaviour on both forms of the diet did not differ. Activity patterns were exclusively nocturnal and feeding frequency was consistently low. The percentage composition of the pelleted weaning diet, on a dry weight basis, was 5 % casein, 15 % gelatine, 15 % fish meal, 10 % Spirulina spp., 2.5 % fish oil, 2.5 % sunflower oil, 21.0 % dextrin, 23.0 % starch, 4.0 % of a mineral and 2.0 % of a vitamin mixture. The correlation coefficient between the EAA pattern of H. midae and the dietary EAA pattern was r⁷= 0.8989. Pellets were fed to juveniles in a 30 day growth trial to study the effect of photoperiod (12, 16, 20 and 23 hours of darkness) on growth and general nutritional parameters. A comparative experiment feeding diatoms was conducted under a 12hL: 12hD light regime at the same time. The SL and weight of the juveniles did not increase significantly with an increase in hours of darkness. The growth of juveniles fed on pellets did not differ significantly from those fed on diatoms. Percentage feed consumption (PFC), percentage feeding rate (PFR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and percentage protein deposited (PPD) were determined for the animals fed on pellets. None of the parameters were significantly affected by photoperiod. However, there were trends in that PFC increased with longer periods of darkness, while PPD decreased. The FCRs (0.44 ± 0.04 to 0.60 ± 0.19) and PERs (5.06 ± 1.74 to 6.64 ± 0.77) indicated that juveniles used the feed, and in particular the protein, very efficiently. Photoperiod did not have an effect on the specific activity of the digestive enzymes amylase, protease and lipase. The specific activity of amylase in the juveniles fed on diatoms was significantly higher than in the pellet fed groups. This was surprising as the main carbohydrate of diatoms is the ß-(l-3) glucan chrysolaminarin, and not starch, a ß-(l-4) glucan. Protease specific activity, on the other hand, was significantly higher in the pellet fed groups, indicating an ability to adapt to the high protein content in the artificial diet (35.48 %), compared to diatoms which had a protein content of 5 %. The specific activity of lipase did not differ significantly between groups, probably because of a similar lipid concentration (5 - 10 %) in diatoms and pellets. Finally, the effect of stocking density, ranging from 1250 to 10,000 juveniles/m2, on the growth of juveniles was evaluated. A model of hatchery productivity was developed based on this investigation. Hatchery productivity was defined as the number of juveniles per unit space reared through to the grow-out stage per unit time. The model predicted that maximum productivity would be achieved at a stocking density of 10,000 juveniles/m2. The results have shown that H. midae can be successfully weaned on an artificial diet, as the growth on the diet was not significantly different to growth obtained on diatoms. Long-term growth trials are needed to confirm these results. The importance of standardized experiments on the nutritional requirements and digestibility of abalone was emphasized. The importance of improved artificial diets, optimal culture conditions, as well as the application of biotechnological techniques to further abalone aquaculture was highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Knauer, Jens
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Abalone culture -- Research -- South Africa , Ichthyology , Abalones
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5204 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004099 , Abalone culture -- Research -- South Africa , Ichthyology , Abalones
- Description: An adequate supply of diatoms during the weaning stage (generally 5 - 10 mm shell length (SL)) is one of the primary constraints to the commercial culture of the South African abalone, Haliotis midae. Because of the seriousness of the problem, a project aimed at the development of an artificial weaning diet was initiated. Initially, the chemical composition (proximate composition, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral element profile) of juvenile H. midae was analyzed, as a general lack of such information was identified in a review. Due to the lack of knowledge on the nutritional requirements of H. midae, the formulation of the weaning diet was based on the essential amino acid (EAA) pattern of the shucked tissue, and the known nutrient requirements of haliotids. Subsequently, a water stable gel and pellet form of the diet were developed. The best water stability of a gel was obtained with a 1:3 agar/gelatine mixture which retained 70.7 ± 2.7 % of its dry weight after 24 h. Starch based pellets, however, retained 89.0 ± 0.6 % of their dry weight after 24 h. In a comparative growth trial, pellets produced a significantly better increase in SL and weight than gels after only 15 days. This was probably due to the better water stability of pellets, which resulted in a better nutritional quality than in gels. The feeding behaviour on both forms of the diet did not differ. Activity patterns were exclusively nocturnal and feeding frequency was consistently low. The percentage composition of the pelleted weaning diet, on a dry weight basis, was 5 % casein, 15 % gelatine, 15 % fish meal, 10 % Spirulina spp., 2.5 % fish oil, 2.5 % sunflower oil, 21.0 % dextrin, 23.0 % starch, 4.0 % of a mineral and 2.0 % of a vitamin mixture. The correlation coefficient between the EAA pattern of H. midae and the dietary EAA pattern was r⁷= 0.8989. Pellets were fed to juveniles in a 30 day growth trial to study the effect of photoperiod (12, 16, 20 and 23 hours of darkness) on growth and general nutritional parameters. A comparative experiment feeding diatoms was conducted under a 12hL: 12hD light regime at the same time. The SL and weight of the juveniles did not increase significantly with an increase in hours of darkness. The growth of juveniles fed on pellets did not differ significantly from those fed on diatoms. Percentage feed consumption (PFC), percentage feeding rate (PFR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and percentage protein deposited (PPD) were determined for the animals fed on pellets. None of the parameters were significantly affected by photoperiod. However, there were trends in that PFC increased with longer periods of darkness, while PPD decreased. The FCRs (0.44 ± 0.04 to 0.60 ± 0.19) and PERs (5.06 ± 1.74 to 6.64 ± 0.77) indicated that juveniles used the feed, and in particular the protein, very efficiently. Photoperiod did not have an effect on the specific activity of the digestive enzymes amylase, protease and lipase. The specific activity of amylase in the juveniles fed on diatoms was significantly higher than in the pellet fed groups. This was surprising as the main carbohydrate of diatoms is the ß-(l-3) glucan chrysolaminarin, and not starch, a ß-(l-4) glucan. Protease specific activity, on the other hand, was significantly higher in the pellet fed groups, indicating an ability to adapt to the high protein content in the artificial diet (35.48 %), compared to diatoms which had a protein content of 5 %. The specific activity of lipase did not differ significantly between groups, probably because of a similar lipid concentration (5 - 10 %) in diatoms and pellets. Finally, the effect of stocking density, ranging from 1250 to 10,000 juveniles/m2, on the growth of juveniles was evaluated. A model of hatchery productivity was developed based on this investigation. Hatchery productivity was defined as the number of juveniles per unit space reared through to the grow-out stage per unit time. The model predicted that maximum productivity would be achieved at a stocking density of 10,000 juveniles/m2. The results have shown that H. midae can be successfully weaned on an artificial diet, as the growth on the diet was not significantly different to growth obtained on diatoms. Long-term growth trials are needed to confirm these results. The importance of standardized experiments on the nutritional requirements and digestibility of abalone was emphasized. The importance of improved artificial diets, optimal culture conditions, as well as the application of biotechnological techniques to further abalone aquaculture was highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Insertion of a measurable function
- Authors: Kotzé, W , Kubiak, T
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6785 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006928
- Description: Some theorems on the existence of continuous real-valued functions on a topological space (for example, insertion, extension, and separation theorems) can be proved without involving uncountable unions of open sets. In particular, it is shown that well-known characterizations of normality (for example the Katětov-Tong insertion theorem, the Tietze extension theorem, Urysohn's lemma) are characterizations of normal σ-rings. Likewise, similar theorems about extremally disconnected spaces are true for σ-rings of a certain type. This σ-ring approach leads to general results on the existence of functions of class α.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Kotzé, W , Kubiak, T
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6785 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006928
- Description: Some theorems on the existence of continuous real-valued functions on a topological space (for example, insertion, extension, and separation theorems) can be proved without involving uncountable unions of open sets. In particular, it is shown that well-known characterizations of normality (for example the Katětov-Tong insertion theorem, the Tietze extension theorem, Urysohn's lemma) are characterizations of normal σ-rings. Likewise, similar theorems about extremally disconnected spaces are true for σ-rings of a certain type. This σ-ring approach leads to general results on the existence of functions of class α.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
A cultural analysis of Venda guitar songs
- Authors: Kruger, Jaco Hentie
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Ethnomusicology Venda (African people) -- Music -- Social aspects Songs with guitar Music -- Social aspects Music -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Venda Symbolism in music
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2644 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002309
- Description: This thesis focuses on the articulation in music of human worldviews, and the social contexts in which they emerge. It suggests that people project various forms of social reality through symbolic systems which operate dynamically to maintain and recreate cultural patterns. The symbolic system investigated in support of this suggestion is that constituted by Venda guitar songs. In the performance of these songs, social reality emerges in a combination of symbolic forms: verbal, musical and somatic. The combination of these symbolic forms serves as a medium for individual self-awareness basic to the establishment of social reality and identity, and the drive for social power and legitimacy. A study of these symbolic forms and their performance indicates that musicians invoke the potential of communal music to increase social support for certain principles on which survival strategies in a turbulently changing society might be based. The discourse of Venda guitar songs incorporates modes of popular expression and consciousness, and thus attempts to invoke states of intensified emotion to promote these survival strategies. Performance occasions emerge as a focus for community orientation and the exploration of social networks. They promote stabilizing social and economic interaction, and serve as a basis for moral and cooperative action. Social reality also emerges in musical style, which is treated as the audible articulation of human thought and emotion. Stylistic choices are treated as integral to the conceptualization of contemporary existence. A study of these choices reveals varying degrees of cultural resistance and assimilation, ranging from musical styles which are essentially rooted in traditional social patterns, to styles which integrate traditional and adopted musical elements as articulations of changing self-perceptions, social aspirations, and quests for new social identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Kruger, Jaco Hentie
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Ethnomusicology Venda (African people) -- Music -- Social aspects Songs with guitar Music -- Social aspects Music -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Venda Symbolism in music
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2644 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002309
- Description: This thesis focuses on the articulation in music of human worldviews, and the social contexts in which they emerge. It suggests that people project various forms of social reality through symbolic systems which operate dynamically to maintain and recreate cultural patterns. The symbolic system investigated in support of this suggestion is that constituted by Venda guitar songs. In the performance of these songs, social reality emerges in a combination of symbolic forms: verbal, musical and somatic. The combination of these symbolic forms serves as a medium for individual self-awareness basic to the establishment of social reality and identity, and the drive for social power and legitimacy. A study of these symbolic forms and their performance indicates that musicians invoke the potential of communal music to increase social support for certain principles on which survival strategies in a turbulently changing society might be based. The discourse of Venda guitar songs incorporates modes of popular expression and consciousness, and thus attempts to invoke states of intensified emotion to promote these survival strategies. Performance occasions emerge as a focus for community orientation and the exploration of social networks. They promote stabilizing social and economic interaction, and serve as a basis for moral and cooperative action. Social reality also emerges in musical style, which is treated as the audible articulation of human thought and emotion. Stylistic choices are treated as integral to the conceptualization of contemporary existence. A study of these choices reveals varying degrees of cultural resistance and assimilation, ranging from musical styles which are essentially rooted in traditional social patterns, to styles which integrate traditional and adopted musical elements as articulations of changing self-perceptions, social aspirations, and quests for new social identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Whither psychiatry in our changing society? : inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University
- Authors: Levin, Aubrey
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:648 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020717 , ISBN 0868102997
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Levin, Aubrey
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:648 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020717 , ISBN 0868102997
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Uncertainty and fear - but restoration completed
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6169 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012359
- Description: Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6169 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012359
- Description: Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
An evaluation of different methods of preparation of quartz grains for study of their surface features by scanning electron microscopy
- Lewis, Colin A, Armstrong, Glynis A S
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Armstrong, Glynis A S
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6705 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006741
- Description: Sediments from periglacial and glacial environments were subjected to initial preparation and portions were subsequently further prepared using either the dichromate or the hydrogen peroxide method before being examined by scanning electron microscopy. Statistically significant differences did not occur in the results obtained for samples subjected only to initial or to initial and either of the two further preparations: it is concluded that initial preparation is satisfactory and further preparation unnecessary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Armstrong, Glynis A S
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6705 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006741
- Description: Sediments from periglacial and glacial environments were subjected to initial preparation and portions were subsequently further prepared using either the dichromate or the hydrogen peroxide method before being examined by scanning electron microscopy. Statistically significant differences did not occur in the results obtained for samples subjected only to initial or to initial and either of the two further preparations: it is concluded that initial preparation is satisfactory and further preparation unnecessary.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Protalus ramparts and the altitude of the local equilibrium line during the last glacial stage in Bokspruit, East Cape Drakensberg, South Africa
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6694 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006729
- Description: A ridge of unconsolidated debris at an altitude of 2000 m, located beneath cliffs in the East Cape Drakensberg of South Africa, is interpreted on morphological and sedimentological evidence as a protalus rampart. The rampart is believed to have formed in the Bottelnek Stadial, after 27 000 BP and before 13 000 BP, and provides evidence of perennial snowbeds and at least discontinuous permafrost in the East Cape Drakensberg during that Stadial.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6694 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006729
- Description: A ridge of unconsolidated debris at an altitude of 2000 m, located beneath cliffs in the East Cape Drakensberg of South Africa, is interpreted on morphological and sedimentological evidence as a protalus rampart. The rampart is believed to have formed in the Bottelnek Stadial, after 27 000 BP and before 13 000 BP, and provides evidence of perennial snowbeds and at least discontinuous permafrost in the East Cape Drakensberg during that Stadial.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Ringing the changes
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6185 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012383
- Description: The restoration of the bells of the Grahamstown Cathedral heralds a new interest in bell-ringing in South Africa. Although the music of ringing bells is part of our heritage, few people know much about the development, or even the rules of change ringing. This is the form of ringing typical of Britain and, increasingly, of Australia, New Zealand, U.S.A., Canada, and southern Africa. , Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6185 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012383
- Description: The restoration of the bells of the Grahamstown Cathedral heralds a new interest in bell-ringing in South Africa. Although the music of ringing bells is part of our heritage, few people know much about the development, or even the rules of change ringing. This is the form of ringing typical of Britain and, increasingly, of Australia, New Zealand, U.S.A., Canada, and southern Africa. , Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Field guide to the Quaternary glacial, periglacial and colluvial features of the East Cape Drakensberg
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Book
- Identifier: vital:6704 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006740 , ISBN 0-86810-271-7
- Description: Most of the sites described in this publication are located on privately-owned farmland. Permission to visit sites should be obtained from the relevant landowner. This Field Guide was produced for a Field Meeting of the Southern African Society for Quaternary Research, held in May 1994 and based at Rhodes, led by Colin A, Lewis, (Rhodes University), Evan S,J, Dollar (University of Transkei), Trevor Hill (Rhodes University). It was published on behalf of the Southern African Society for Quaternary Research by the Dept. of Geography, Rhodes University.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: Book
- Identifier: vital:6704 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006740 , ISBN 0-86810-271-7
- Description: Most of the sites described in this publication are located on privately-owned farmland. Permission to visit sites should be obtained from the relevant landowner. This Field Guide was produced for a Field Meeting of the Southern African Society for Quaternary Research, held in May 1994 and based at Rhodes, led by Colin A, Lewis, (Rhodes University), Evan S,J, Dollar (University of Transkei), Trevor Hill (Rhodes University). It was published on behalf of the Southern African Society for Quaternary Research by the Dept. of Geography, Rhodes University.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1994
Authority, avoidances and marriage: an analysis of the position of Gcaleka women in Qwaninga, Willowvale District, Transkei
- Authors: Liebenberg, Alida
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Marriage customs and rites -- South Africa -- Transkei , Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs , Women -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2100 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002663 , Marriage customs and rites -- South Africa -- Transkei , Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs , Women -- Developing countries
- Description: Authority as it operates in the daily lives of married women in Gcaleka society is reinforced and maintained by a body of avoidances which women need to observe during their married lives. Avoidances constitute part of the control system in the society whereby wives are being 'kept in their place'. Avoidances do not only restrict her, but also safeguard her position and her interests. Lines of authority emerge through the process of interaction; the structure reveals itself as avoidances are acted out in time and space. This study was conducted in Qwaninga, an administrative area in the coastal area of the Willowvale district, Transkei. The research started out as a study of ritual impurity and the status of women in a traditional, 'red' Gcaleka society. It soon became clear that pollution practices and beliefs associated with women form part of a greater body of avoidances which women need to observe during their married lives. Avoidances entail economic, dietary, sexual, linguistic and spatial prohibitions; as well as restrictions concerning what a woman is supposed to wear, and her withdrawal from social life. These restrictions are enforced through certain ritual and other sanctions. Three forms of avoidances are identified in this study, and are discussed and analysed. Avoidances are found in the everyday male/female division in society; in the ways through which the wife shows respect towards her husband and her in-laws (especially her husband's ancestors); and in the reproductive situations a woman finds herself in from time to time. In many anthropological studies in the past women have often been hidden in the background. This study is an attempt to give women the prominence they should be given, to show that nonwestern women are not as subordinated as people in Western society like to assume. In Gcaleka society the authority structure affecting the position of women is not only based on a distinction being made between males and females. It will be shown that a finer authority structure operates in this society whereby gender as well as age and kinship distinctions are being made. These distinctions constitute a system of classification which is safeguarded and protected by the avoidances and other restrictions imposed on women.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Liebenberg, Alida
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Marriage customs and rites -- South Africa -- Transkei , Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs , Women -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2100 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002663 , Marriage customs and rites -- South Africa -- Transkei , Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs , Women -- Developing countries
- Description: Authority as it operates in the daily lives of married women in Gcaleka society is reinforced and maintained by a body of avoidances which women need to observe during their married lives. Avoidances constitute part of the control system in the society whereby wives are being 'kept in their place'. Avoidances do not only restrict her, but also safeguard her position and her interests. Lines of authority emerge through the process of interaction; the structure reveals itself as avoidances are acted out in time and space. This study was conducted in Qwaninga, an administrative area in the coastal area of the Willowvale district, Transkei. The research started out as a study of ritual impurity and the status of women in a traditional, 'red' Gcaleka society. It soon became clear that pollution practices and beliefs associated with women form part of a greater body of avoidances which women need to observe during their married lives. Avoidances entail economic, dietary, sexual, linguistic and spatial prohibitions; as well as restrictions concerning what a woman is supposed to wear, and her withdrawal from social life. These restrictions are enforced through certain ritual and other sanctions. Three forms of avoidances are identified in this study, and are discussed and analysed. Avoidances are found in the everyday male/female division in society; in the ways through which the wife shows respect towards her husband and her in-laws (especially her husband's ancestors); and in the reproductive situations a woman finds herself in from time to time. In many anthropological studies in the past women have often been hidden in the background. This study is an attempt to give women the prominence they should be given, to show that nonwestern women are not as subordinated as people in Western society like to assume. In Gcaleka society the authority structure affecting the position of women is not only based on a distinction being made between males and females. It will be shown that a finer authority structure operates in this society whereby gender as well as age and kinship distinctions are being made. These distinctions constitute a system of classification which is safeguarded and protected by the avoidances and other restrictions imposed on women.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
The phenomenology of the events of client inhibition and self-disclosure in the therapeutic dialogue
- Authors: Lockhart, Ian
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Self-disclosure , Client-centered psychotherapy , Inhibition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3009 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002518 , Self-disclosure , Client-centered psychotherapy , Inhibition
- Description: The aim of this study was to provide an account of the power relations that are implicit in the experience of clients who initially withhold but eventually disclose a sensitive issue in the psychotherapeutic dialogue. Mainstream psychotherapeutic literature has maintained that clients who withhold sensitive material implicitly express a psychological powerlessness. The literature review also turned attention to an alternative view, not arising from within the psychotherapeutic literature. Specific reference was made to the work of Foucault who suggests that although clients may appear to be empowered through self-disclosure, they are in fact constrained, since disclosing themselves constitutes. an appropriation of selfunderstanding which forecloses openness to other forms of self-understanding. The tension between these conflicting accounts about the relation of self-disclosure to empowerment was discussed as an issue requiring further exploration through clinical research. A phenomenologically orientated research method was used to describe the experiences of five clients who withheld and subsequently disclosed sensitive issues in psychotherapy. These descriptions yielded a thematically differentiated process of psychological change. The structure of client inhibition and self-disclosure was seen to correspond to the concepts of powerlessness and empowerment outlined in the psychotherapeutic literature. The apparent empowerment of clients during self-disclosure casts doubt on Foucault's perspective. However, on further reflection and through a review of the research method, it became apparent that the lack of support for Foucault's perspective was a consequence of the particular research method used rather than an indication of the non-existence of constraint. Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology was used to develop the above methodological critique. Using this alternative approach the researcher critically evaluated the findings of the phenomenological study. This facilitated a reinterpretation of the clinical material. It emerged that the experience of empowerment represents a particular form of selfunderstanding, and it was shown, in relation to the clinical material, how this can indeed as Foucault suggests (because of its very specificity) constrain the client from understanding him/herself in alternative ways. It was revealed that the experience of empowerment is a necessary but limited component of successful client disclosure. This does not, however, go far enough. It was suggested that ideally, critical reflection on the constraints of self-understanding, rather than self-disclosure per se, should be regarded as the destination of the urge to self-disclosure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
The phenomenology of the events of client inhibition and self-disclosure in the therapeutic dialogue
- Authors: Lockhart, Ian
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Self-disclosure , Client-centered psychotherapy , Inhibition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3009 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002518 , Self-disclosure , Client-centered psychotherapy , Inhibition
- Description: The aim of this study was to provide an account of the power relations that are implicit in the experience of clients who initially withhold but eventually disclose a sensitive issue in the psychotherapeutic dialogue. Mainstream psychotherapeutic literature has maintained that clients who withhold sensitive material implicitly express a psychological powerlessness. The literature review also turned attention to an alternative view, not arising from within the psychotherapeutic literature. Specific reference was made to the work of Foucault who suggests that although clients may appear to be empowered through self-disclosure, they are in fact constrained, since disclosing themselves constitutes. an appropriation of selfunderstanding which forecloses openness to other forms of self-understanding. The tension between these conflicting accounts about the relation of self-disclosure to empowerment was discussed as an issue requiring further exploration through clinical research. A phenomenologically orientated research method was used to describe the experiences of five clients who withheld and subsequently disclosed sensitive issues in psychotherapy. These descriptions yielded a thematically differentiated process of psychological change. The structure of client inhibition and self-disclosure was seen to correspond to the concepts of powerlessness and empowerment outlined in the psychotherapeutic literature. The apparent empowerment of clients during self-disclosure casts doubt on Foucault's perspective. However, on further reflection and through a review of the research method, it became apparent that the lack of support for Foucault's perspective was a consequence of the particular research method used rather than an indication of the non-existence of constraint. Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology was used to develop the above methodological critique. Using this alternative approach the researcher critically evaluated the findings of the phenomenological study. This facilitated a reinterpretation of the clinical material. It emerged that the experience of empowerment represents a particular form of selfunderstanding, and it was shown, in relation to the clinical material, how this can indeed as Foucault suggests (because of its very specificity) constrain the client from understanding him/herself in alternative ways. It was revealed that the experience of empowerment is a necessary but limited component of successful client disclosure. This does not, however, go far enough. It was suggested that ideally, critical reflection on the constraints of self-understanding, rather than self-disclosure per se, should be regarded as the destination of the urge to self-disclosure.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
An investigation into the present state of school guidance in Ciskeian secondary schools in the Keiskammahoek area
- Authors: Lombo, Mzimkhulu Solomon
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Educational counseling -- Keiskammahoek
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003495
- Description: Although school guidance and counselling services were established in Ciskeian Secondary Schools in the early 1980's, little appears to be taking place. One is continually hearing the plea for an improvement in the system, but once again little is happening. Before such improvement can take place, however, it needs to be known what exactly is and isn't taking place. Furthermore, the problems preventing the services from operating successfully need to be clarified. This research aims at describing the state of guidance in a group of five secondary schools in the Keiskammahoek area of the Ciskei, and elucidating the problems experienced by practitioners in the field. An open-ended questionnaire was administered to 98 pupils and 18 guidance teachers, and the five principals of these schools were interviewed. The findings, which are discussed in detail, confirm the suspicions of the researcher that little guidance indeed is taking place. Many reasons for this state of affairs are given. Finally, suggestions are made as to how this unsatisfactory situation may be improved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Lombo, Mzimkhulu Solomon
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Educational counseling -- Keiskammahoek
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003495
- Description: Although school guidance and counselling services were established in Ciskeian Secondary Schools in the early 1980's, little appears to be taking place. One is continually hearing the plea for an improvement in the system, but once again little is happening. Before such improvement can take place, however, it needs to be known what exactly is and isn't taking place. Furthermore, the problems preventing the services from operating successfully need to be clarified. This research aims at describing the state of guidance in a group of five secondary schools in the Keiskammahoek area of the Ciskei, and elucidating the problems experienced by practitioners in the field. An open-ended questionnaire was administered to 98 pupils and 18 guidance teachers, and the five principals of these schools were interviewed. The findings, which are discussed in detail, confirm the suspicions of the researcher that little guidance indeed is taking place. Many reasons for this state of affairs are given. Finally, suggestions are made as to how this unsatisfactory situation may be improved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Towards the development of an environmental curriculum for members of the planning professions
- Authors: Long, Stanford Staples
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Ecology -- Policy Education -- Environmental aspects Curriculum planning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1802 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003687
- Description: In exercising their professional duties professional planners inevitably impact on the environment. In the past, more often than not, this impact has been allowed to occur without sufficient forethought, and usually to the detriment of the environment. In this research it is proposed that this undesirable state of affairs arises from inadequacies within the professional education of the planners, and that greater emphasis on the environmental education of planners is called for. From the perspective of a participative approach to curriculum development, the opinions of professional planners in the Port Elizabeth area were canvassed to establish baseline data in respect of their environmental education needs. To provide further information and a background against which the perceptions of the professional planners could be assessed, the opinions of the learned societies of the planning professions and of key environmentalists were also sought. In all these opinion surveys postal questionnaires formed the basis of the methodology employed. The extent of environmental education presently available to professional planners at tertiary institutions in South Africa and overseas, with particular emphasis on that available in the civil engineering discipline, was also investigated. The surveys revealed a strongly felt need for environmental education within the planning professions. The natural environment, the social environment, environmental ethics and interdisciplinary action all emerged as acceptable themes of the said education. A number of environmental topics to be covered were also identified. Block-release and part-time courses emerged as the most popular format for such environmental education offerings. The limited environmental education practice within the civil engineering discipline at South African tertiary institutions was noted, and the overseas practice in this regard provided useful insights. The data gathered as outlined above, formed the basis from which proposals towards an environmental curriculum for professional planners were made. Although these proposals focused primarily on the civil engineering discipline within the ambit of technikon-based educational programmes, wider multi-disciplinary applications remained an important concern. In the first instance, proposals aimed at expanding the environmental component of the existing first-qualification course were suggested. Secondly, proposals in respect of a post-first qualification, interdisciplinary, environmental study programme leading to a technikon degree were formulated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Long, Stanford Staples
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Ecology -- Policy Education -- Environmental aspects Curriculum planning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1802 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003687
- Description: In exercising their professional duties professional planners inevitably impact on the environment. In the past, more often than not, this impact has been allowed to occur without sufficient forethought, and usually to the detriment of the environment. In this research it is proposed that this undesirable state of affairs arises from inadequacies within the professional education of the planners, and that greater emphasis on the environmental education of planners is called for. From the perspective of a participative approach to curriculum development, the opinions of professional planners in the Port Elizabeth area were canvassed to establish baseline data in respect of their environmental education needs. To provide further information and a background against which the perceptions of the professional planners could be assessed, the opinions of the learned societies of the planning professions and of key environmentalists were also sought. In all these opinion surveys postal questionnaires formed the basis of the methodology employed. The extent of environmental education presently available to professional planners at tertiary institutions in South Africa and overseas, with particular emphasis on that available in the civil engineering discipline, was also investigated. The surveys revealed a strongly felt need for environmental education within the planning professions. The natural environment, the social environment, environmental ethics and interdisciplinary action all emerged as acceptable themes of the said education. A number of environmental topics to be covered were also identified. Block-release and part-time courses emerged as the most popular format for such environmental education offerings. The limited environmental education practice within the civil engineering discipline at South African tertiary institutions was noted, and the overseas practice in this regard provided useful insights. The data gathered as outlined above, formed the basis from which proposals towards an environmental curriculum for professional planners were made. Although these proposals focused primarily on the civil engineering discipline within the ambit of technikon-based educational programmes, wider multi-disciplinary applications remained an important concern. In the first instance, proposals aimed at expanding the environmental component of the existing first-qualification course were suggested. Secondly, proposals in respect of a post-first qualification, interdisciplinary, environmental study programme leading to a technikon degree were formulated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Politics and science in Radcliffe-Brown: from anarchism to applied anthropology
- Authors: Maddock, Kenneth
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (Alfred Reginald), 1881-1955 Anthropologists Anthropology Ethnology
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2645 , vital:20312
- Description: It is part of anthropological folklore that A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1881-1955) was known as "Anarchy Brown" when a student at Cambridge early this century. Meyer Fortes thought the nickname "a friendly recognition of the streak of aloofness in him and of his reputation for holding somewhat highbrow ideas in matters of art, life and literature" (1956: 153)- But there was more to it than the pose of a turn of the century aesthete, as Fortes knew. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Maddock, Kenneth
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (Alfred Reginald), 1881-1955 Anthropologists Anthropology Ethnology
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2645 , vital:20312
- Description: It is part of anthropological folklore that A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1881-1955) was known as "Anarchy Brown" when a student at Cambridge early this century. Meyer Fortes thought the nickname "a friendly recognition of the streak of aloofness in him and of his reputation for holding somewhat highbrow ideas in matters of art, life and literature" (1956: 153)- But there was more to it than the pose of a turn of the century aesthete, as Fortes knew. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994