Effectiveness of cost containment measures: the case of Harry Gwala District Municipality
- Authors: Lungwengwe, Neziswa
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Activity-based costing , Cost accounting , Managerial accounting
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51765 , vital:43370
- Description: The primary research objective of this case study was to understand the effectiveness of cost containment measures implemented by all departments at Harry Gwala District Municipality. The case study also explored factors that may have contributed to the implementation of cost containment measures to ensure that the municipality spends funds on essential items and avoids unauthorised expenditure. A case study with fourteen (14) participants was chosen in order to focus on a particular area that the researcher could easily monitor. The researcher mixed qualitative and quantitative research designs to maintain the strengths and improve the weaknesses in both designs. Audited Annual Financial Statements and approved budgets were analysed to assess the effectiveness of cost containment measures. The study found that while employees were aware of their roles and responsibilities, it is safe to say that they did not follow procedures to ensure that costs were maintained. The results of the study showed that the Municipal Public Accounts Committee (MPAC) had no financial background. There was generally no change in the behaviour of employees as far as cost containment measures were concerned. The current repairs and maintenance budget was far below the norm of 8% of the carrying value of municipal assets and the municipality only budgeted between 2 – 3% per year for the assets with a carrying value of about R2.3 billion. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences , Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Lungwengwe, Neziswa
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Activity-based costing , Cost accounting , Managerial accounting
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51765 , vital:43370
- Description: The primary research objective of this case study was to understand the effectiveness of cost containment measures implemented by all departments at Harry Gwala District Municipality. The case study also explored factors that may have contributed to the implementation of cost containment measures to ensure that the municipality spends funds on essential items and avoids unauthorised expenditure. A case study with fourteen (14) participants was chosen in order to focus on a particular area that the researcher could easily monitor. The researcher mixed qualitative and quantitative research designs to maintain the strengths and improve the weaknesses in both designs. Audited Annual Financial Statements and approved budgets were analysed to assess the effectiveness of cost containment measures. The study found that while employees were aware of their roles and responsibilities, it is safe to say that they did not follow procedures to ensure that costs were maintained. The results of the study showed that the Municipal Public Accounts Committee (MPAC) had no financial background. There was generally no change in the behaviour of employees as far as cost containment measures were concerned. The current repairs and maintenance budget was far below the norm of 8% of the carrying value of municipal assets and the municipality only budgeted between 2 – 3% per year for the assets with a carrying value of about R2.3 billion. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences , Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
The role of traditional leaders in service delivery challenges in rural areas in Kwa-Thoyana district: Ethekwini Municipality
- Authors: Mathonsi, N M
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- eThekwini Municipality Metropolitan , Community leadership -- South Africa -- eThekwini Municipality Metropolitan
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53444 , vital:45154
- Description: The study investigated the role of traditional leaders (Amakhosi) in service delivery challenges in rural areas in Kwa-Thoyana District, within Ethekwini Municipality. The research study is comprised of five chapters. The research assumes that traditional leaders are not playing significant roles in service delivery within the municipality, despite the fact that the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act No. 117 of 1998, states that they should be represented. In addition, the study identified the service delivery challenges within this district, including the tension between local government and traditional leadership. The research is based on the assumption that the role of traditional leaders in municipal service delivery challenges is not clearly defined. Therefore, the research study provided a brief historical background on the role of traditional leaders in South Africa with specific reference to the inequalities and service delivery challenges that exist within rural areas. The research study adopted a qualitative approach using secondary data and an intense literature review. The literature included official municipal documents, newspaper reports and relevant legislative frameworks. Furthermore, the theoretical framework utilised in this study is the Dialectical Modernisation Theory. Various recommendations are put forth in this study, based on the findings of the literature review. It is suggested that should these recommendations be adopted within the municipality, the inclusion of the traditional leaders in municipal matters, will result in a more efficient and effective delivery of services within rural areas. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mathonsi, N M
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- eThekwini Municipality Metropolitan , Community leadership -- South Africa -- eThekwini Municipality Metropolitan
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53444 , vital:45154
- Description: The study investigated the role of traditional leaders (Amakhosi) in service delivery challenges in rural areas in Kwa-Thoyana District, within Ethekwini Municipality. The research study is comprised of five chapters. The research assumes that traditional leaders are not playing significant roles in service delivery within the municipality, despite the fact that the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act No. 117 of 1998, states that they should be represented. In addition, the study identified the service delivery challenges within this district, including the tension between local government and traditional leadership. The research is based on the assumption that the role of traditional leaders in municipal service delivery challenges is not clearly defined. Therefore, the research study provided a brief historical background on the role of traditional leaders in South Africa with specific reference to the inequalities and service delivery challenges that exist within rural areas. The research study adopted a qualitative approach using secondary data and an intense literature review. The literature included official municipal documents, newspaper reports and relevant legislative frameworks. Furthermore, the theoretical framework utilised in this study is the Dialectical Modernisation Theory. Various recommendations are put forth in this study, based on the findings of the literature review. It is suggested that should these recommendations be adopted within the municipality, the inclusion of the traditional leaders in municipal matters, will result in a more efficient and effective delivery of services within rural areas. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Access to digitised archival collections in National Heritage and Cultural study Centre and International Library of African Music
- Authors: Barbra, Kakumba
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Archives--Access control , Archival materials -- Access control
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22356 , vital:52030
- Description: The study investigated access to digitised archival collections in two selected institutions in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This study is significant because it sought to generate insights on adaptability of technology in archives and library operations, and accessibility thereof. This is important for monitoring the accessibility of digitised archival collections at institutions to improve their operations and maximize the global visibility. This study adopted qualitative research methodology. The researcher followed a rigorous methodological path that began with a thorough literature review and the careful and thoughtful posing of research questions and objectives. A purposive sample was chosen from National Heritage and Cultural Studies Centre (NAHECS) and International library of African Music (ILAM) (staff members) and interviewed through face-to-face interviews. The collected data was analysed thematically. The study established that, the type of materials digitised at NAHECS and ILAM are bound books, fragile papers, photographic prints, slides, audio-visual materials,artefacts and documents such as personal letters of early travellers,missionary’s records,traders writing personal file and political parties documents. Secondly, the study established that end users of digitised materials are researchers, students, archivist, librarians, international and local community, composers, musicians, and historians. It also emerged that awareness programmes used to increase public knowledge about access to digitised content in the two study sites include conferences, social media, and television advertisements. However, there are challenges faced in providing access to digitised materials at NAHECS and ILAM. Some of these challenges include lack of funding, unavailability of resources, lack of awareness, and information insecurity. These challenges have made access to digitised archival materials difficult. Based on these findings, it is recommended that archives facilities should be well resourced and archivists be continually trained on access to digitised archival materials. , Thesis (M Bibl) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Barbra, Kakumba
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Archives--Access control , Archival materials -- Access control
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22356 , vital:52030
- Description: The study investigated access to digitised archival collections in two selected institutions in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This study is significant because it sought to generate insights on adaptability of technology in archives and library operations, and accessibility thereof. This is important for monitoring the accessibility of digitised archival collections at institutions to improve their operations and maximize the global visibility. This study adopted qualitative research methodology. The researcher followed a rigorous methodological path that began with a thorough literature review and the careful and thoughtful posing of research questions and objectives. A purposive sample was chosen from National Heritage and Cultural Studies Centre (NAHECS) and International library of African Music (ILAM) (staff members) and interviewed through face-to-face interviews. The collected data was analysed thematically. The study established that, the type of materials digitised at NAHECS and ILAM are bound books, fragile papers, photographic prints, slides, audio-visual materials,artefacts and documents such as personal letters of early travellers,missionary’s records,traders writing personal file and political parties documents. Secondly, the study established that end users of digitised materials are researchers, students, archivist, librarians, international and local community, composers, musicians, and historians. It also emerged that awareness programmes used to increase public knowledge about access to digitised content in the two study sites include conferences, social media, and television advertisements. However, there are challenges faced in providing access to digitised materials at NAHECS and ILAM. Some of these challenges include lack of funding, unavailability of resources, lack of awareness, and information insecurity. These challenges have made access to digitised archival materials difficult. Based on these findings, it is recommended that archives facilities should be well resourced and archivists be continually trained on access to digitised archival materials. , Thesis (M Bibl) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Happiness levels of South African pharmacists
- Authors: Hattingh, Marnus
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Happiness , Pharmacists -- Practice , Pharmaceutical services
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51494 , vital:43284
- Description: Historically, the most important goal among people was to achieve happiness in life. The definition of happiness has taken on many forms over the years. However, the concept happiness (subjective well-being) presents an important factor that benefits not only the employee but the organisation as well. The need to measure the happiness of pharmacists lead to the investigation of two happiness theories identified from literature namely, the affective and cognitive theory and the link between the theories. While the happiness of employees in South Africa has been explored to a limited degree, the level of happiness of South African pharmacists has not been adequately investigated. This study aims to determine the factors that positively influence the happiness of pharmacists in South Africa and subsequently establish a conceptual model to be used in future studies. Factors determined from literature were used to establish an online survey, which was distributed to pharmacists in South Africa. A total of 216 respondents participated in this study. The analysis on the data was performed and included, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Cronbach Alpha, Pearson’s correlations and ANOVA. The results indicated that the independent factors of Professional Pride, Purpose, Optimism, Leisure and Societal Satisfaction were found to have a significant positive influence on happiness. While the factors of Influence in the workplace, Work and social relationships, Work-life balance, Work Satisfaction, Organisational Satisfaction and Self-satisfaction were found to have no influence on the happiness of pharmacists in South Africa. However, all the identified independent factors presented a positive correlation with the dependent factor of Happiness. The Revised model was formalised to represent the factors to be used to determine the happiness of pharmacists in South Africa. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Hattingh, Marnus
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Happiness , Pharmacists -- Practice , Pharmaceutical services
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51494 , vital:43284
- Description: Historically, the most important goal among people was to achieve happiness in life. The definition of happiness has taken on many forms over the years. However, the concept happiness (subjective well-being) presents an important factor that benefits not only the employee but the organisation as well. The need to measure the happiness of pharmacists lead to the investigation of two happiness theories identified from literature namely, the affective and cognitive theory and the link between the theories. While the happiness of employees in South Africa has been explored to a limited degree, the level of happiness of South African pharmacists has not been adequately investigated. This study aims to determine the factors that positively influence the happiness of pharmacists in South Africa and subsequently establish a conceptual model to be used in future studies. Factors determined from literature were used to establish an online survey, which was distributed to pharmacists in South Africa. A total of 216 respondents participated in this study. The analysis on the data was performed and included, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Cronbach Alpha, Pearson’s correlations and ANOVA. The results indicated that the independent factors of Professional Pride, Purpose, Optimism, Leisure and Societal Satisfaction were found to have a significant positive influence on happiness. While the factors of Influence in the workplace, Work and social relationships, Work-life balance, Work Satisfaction, Organisational Satisfaction and Self-satisfaction were found to have no influence on the happiness of pharmacists in South Africa. However, all the identified independent factors presented a positive correlation with the dependent factor of Happiness. The Revised model was formalised to represent the factors to be used to determine the happiness of pharmacists in South Africa. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
The relationship between psychological capital and employee wellness in the retail sector in South Africa
- Authors: Mphinyana, Masindi
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53018 , vital:44870
- Description: Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and employee wellness. Moreover, the study investigated demographic differences in relation to the variables. The study employed a cross-sectional, correlational design to achieve the objectives. Additionally, a non-probability convenience sampling method was used. Data was collected from retail employees in Gauteng, Pretoria through a composite self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaire which incorporated a biographical questionnaire, the PCQ-24 and the PWS. To determine whether a relationship exists between the constructs, Pearson’s product-moment correlations were used. To further determine demographical differences, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilised, and post-hoc Tukey HSD tests were used to determine where the differences lie. Results indicated that PsyCap was positively correlated with wellness; and significant differences in the means for both PsyCap and wellness were observed for demographic variables. The study further revealed that PsyCap is predictive of employee wellness. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Industrial Psychology and Human Resources, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mphinyana, Masindi
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53018 , vital:44870
- Description: Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and employee wellness. Moreover, the study investigated demographic differences in relation to the variables. The study employed a cross-sectional, correlational design to achieve the objectives. Additionally, a non-probability convenience sampling method was used. Data was collected from retail employees in Gauteng, Pretoria through a composite self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaire which incorporated a biographical questionnaire, the PCQ-24 and the PWS. To determine whether a relationship exists between the constructs, Pearson’s product-moment correlations were used. To further determine demographical differences, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilised, and post-hoc Tukey HSD tests were used to determine where the differences lie. Results indicated that PsyCap was positively correlated with wellness; and significant differences in the means for both PsyCap and wellness were observed for demographic variables. The study further revealed that PsyCap is predictive of employee wellness. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Industrial Psychology and Human Resources, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Psychologists perceptions of English-speaking South African’s potential meaning attached to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms
- Authors: Le Roux, Carmen Jade
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51276 , vital:43259
- Description: South Africa is characterised by high levels of trauma and multiple forms of violence exposure which are said to be causal factors in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Culture is imperative in constructing the reality of individuals as it provides the templates which are used to describe, understand, predict, and control the world within which individuals exist. Culture is regarded as being influential on the ways in which individuals ascribe meaning and make sense of their traumatic experiences and symptoms. Culture is also integral to the healing process as it influences and guides the illness narrative created by individuals. The aim of this study is to understand the potential meanings attached to PTSD symptoms and the role of culture on these meaning ascriptions. These meanings are explored through the perception of Mental Healthcare Practitioners. The study uses qualitative methodology; specifically, an exploratory and descriptive design. The sample is identified through non-probability purposive sampling, and the data is collected through semi-structured interviews. The data is analysed using thematic analysis which identified major themes of understanding and acceptance. These themes followed a non-linear and interactive process, and present participants ascribing varying meanings to their trauma experience, PTSD symptoms and/or PTSD diagnosis. These meanings are discussed through the interpretivist lens of social constructionism. The findings of the study identified that individuals within the white English-speaking cultural group tend to understand their traumatic experience, their symptoms of PTSD and/or their PTSD diagnosis from an individualistic frame of reference, whilst individuals from the coloured English speaking cultural group tend to understand their traumatic experience, their symptoms of PTSD and/or their PTSD diagnosis from a collective frame of reference. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Le Roux, Carmen Jade
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51276 , vital:43259
- Description: South Africa is characterised by high levels of trauma and multiple forms of violence exposure which are said to be causal factors in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Culture is imperative in constructing the reality of individuals as it provides the templates which are used to describe, understand, predict, and control the world within which individuals exist. Culture is regarded as being influential on the ways in which individuals ascribe meaning and make sense of their traumatic experiences and symptoms. Culture is also integral to the healing process as it influences and guides the illness narrative created by individuals. The aim of this study is to understand the potential meanings attached to PTSD symptoms and the role of culture on these meaning ascriptions. These meanings are explored through the perception of Mental Healthcare Practitioners. The study uses qualitative methodology; specifically, an exploratory and descriptive design. The sample is identified through non-probability purposive sampling, and the data is collected through semi-structured interviews. The data is analysed using thematic analysis which identified major themes of understanding and acceptance. These themes followed a non-linear and interactive process, and present participants ascribing varying meanings to their trauma experience, PTSD symptoms and/or PTSD diagnosis. These meanings are discussed through the interpretivist lens of social constructionism. The findings of the study identified that individuals within the white English-speaking cultural group tend to understand their traumatic experience, their symptoms of PTSD and/or their PTSD diagnosis from an individualistic frame of reference, whilst individuals from the coloured English speaking cultural group tend to understand their traumatic experience, their symptoms of PTSD and/or their PTSD diagnosis from a collective frame of reference. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Challenges faced by state owned entities and economic development in South Africa
- Willie, Ntsikelelo Mike Mncedi
- Authors: Willie, Ntsikelelo Mike Mncedi
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52976 , vital:44907
- Description: Background: State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) play a vital role in government activities and the delivery of basic services to the people. The Government is active in the key sectors, such as, services, utilities, transportation and construction. Presumably, the distribution of basic resources and infrastructure development is to some extent dependent on SOEs. South Africa is inundated with challenges in SOE’s, such as, lack of service delivery, poor financial management, less growth, massive unemployment, corruption and low business confidence. These are a threat to economic and financial sustainability of a country. Twenty years into democracy, South Africa’s SOEs environment had many scandals in both private and public sectors. SOEs such as SABC, Eskom, and Transnet had their share of malpractice, fraud and corruption in management and at board level. These incidents call for interrogation at all levels as the impact undermines political, economic stability and growth prospects. One of today’s core challenges is to justify the existence of some of the SOEs in our economy. Looking at South Africa, most of the SOEs financial performances are severely deteriorating. Due to their financial constraints, they receive a bailout from government to enable them to continue to operate. Aim: This study identified specific governance challenges faced by SOEs and economic development in South Africa, over the period of 10 years (2014 - 2018). The study made recommendations to restore good governance in SOEs. Setting: This study reviewed articles and literature on the challenges faced by SOEs and economic development in South Africa. Primary sources for the document review took the form of newspapers, various official reports and ongoing records of SOEs activities, government departments, student transcripts, mission statements, annual reports, policy, manuals, student handbooks, and strategic plans, and press releases, theses from academic institutions, trade journals, business journals, government publications and business review publications. Secondary sources used were published books and journal articles. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences , School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Willie, Ntsikelelo Mike Mncedi
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52976 , vital:44907
- Description: Background: State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) play a vital role in government activities and the delivery of basic services to the people. The Government is active in the key sectors, such as, services, utilities, transportation and construction. Presumably, the distribution of basic resources and infrastructure development is to some extent dependent on SOEs. South Africa is inundated with challenges in SOE’s, such as, lack of service delivery, poor financial management, less growth, massive unemployment, corruption and low business confidence. These are a threat to economic and financial sustainability of a country. Twenty years into democracy, South Africa’s SOEs environment had many scandals in both private and public sectors. SOEs such as SABC, Eskom, and Transnet had their share of malpractice, fraud and corruption in management and at board level. These incidents call for interrogation at all levels as the impact undermines political, economic stability and growth prospects. One of today’s core challenges is to justify the existence of some of the SOEs in our economy. Looking at South Africa, most of the SOEs financial performances are severely deteriorating. Due to their financial constraints, they receive a bailout from government to enable them to continue to operate. Aim: This study identified specific governance challenges faced by SOEs and economic development in South Africa, over the period of 10 years (2014 - 2018). The study made recommendations to restore good governance in SOEs. Setting: This study reviewed articles and literature on the challenges faced by SOEs and economic development in South Africa. Primary sources for the document review took the form of newspapers, various official reports and ongoing records of SOEs activities, government departments, student transcripts, mission statements, annual reports, policy, manuals, student handbooks, and strategic plans, and press releases, theses from academic institutions, trade journals, business journals, government publications and business review publications. Secondary sources used were published books and journal articles. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences , School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
The role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in economic development in the O.R. Tambo Distric Municipality
- Authors: Dandala, Malibongwe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Technical education -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52413 , vital:43639
- Description: The study aims to understand the practical effects that technical and vocational education and training (TVET) can have on the economic development of OR Tambo District Municipality. The district is situated in an area endowed with numerous natural resources, including fertile land for agricultural augmentation, dairy farming and beef production. This district municipality has a history as the starting point for the liberation of South Africa, where heroes such as the late OR Tambo, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, (the first democratic president of South Africa), Walter Sisulu and numerous others were born. The district is situated in the OR Tambo region of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. More than five TVET campuses offering training in a variety of skills, such as Engineering and Design, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Public Management, Human Recourses Management, Office Practice, Hospitality and Educare are spread across the OR Tambo District. This district also has a burden of high unemployment among the youth, resulting in a high crime rate. A mixed research method was adopted while conducting this study. The study findings found that TVET colleges have a significant role towards economic development of O.R Tambo. TVET colleges are able to supply suitably qualified employable students who have practical knowledge compared to other students from other academic institutions. The students are skilled and semi-skilled can contribute towards socio-economic activities thus contribute towards economic development in O.R Tambo Municipality. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Dandala, Malibongwe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Technical education -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52413 , vital:43639
- Description: The study aims to understand the practical effects that technical and vocational education and training (TVET) can have on the economic development of OR Tambo District Municipality. The district is situated in an area endowed with numerous natural resources, including fertile land for agricultural augmentation, dairy farming and beef production. This district municipality has a history as the starting point for the liberation of South Africa, where heroes such as the late OR Tambo, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, (the first democratic president of South Africa), Walter Sisulu and numerous others were born. The district is situated in the OR Tambo region of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. More than five TVET campuses offering training in a variety of skills, such as Engineering and Design, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Public Management, Human Recourses Management, Office Practice, Hospitality and Educare are spread across the OR Tambo District. This district also has a burden of high unemployment among the youth, resulting in a high crime rate. A mixed research method was adopted while conducting this study. The study findings found that TVET colleges have a significant role towards economic development of O.R Tambo. TVET colleges are able to supply suitably qualified employable students who have practical knowledge compared to other students from other academic institutions. The students are skilled and semi-skilled can contribute towards socio-economic activities thus contribute towards economic development in O.R Tambo Municipality. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An exploration of attrition of sexual crime cases of child victims from the perspectives of the police officers, prosecutors and advocates in Kouga District, Eastern Cape (SA)
- Authors: Calitz, Karen
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Sex crimes -- Investigation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Criminal justice, Administration of -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51010 , vital:43200
- Description: The successful prosecution of a sex crime case is dependent on the testimony of the victim. Due to the concealed nature of a sexual crime, it is notoriously difficult to prosecute effectively. With child victims, a number of additional obstacles present themselves when it comes to children giving evidence. Attrition is the rate at which cases do not proceed to court. Statistics in South Africa has revealed that rape has one of the lowest conviction rates of all serious crimes. This study is aimed at analysing the factors that cause attrition during the investigation stage in cases where children were victims of any form of sexual crime. In order to obtain the unscripted view of the investigation process, the qualitative study comprises of interviews with investigating officers who investigate these cases and the prosecutors who present these cases to court. The multi-disciplinary team-approach during investigation and its varying limits and challenges, were the main focus. A purposive non-probability sampling technique was utilised, focusing on the Kouga district municipality of the Eastern Cape. Through this study, the factors causing attrition were analysed and presented in such a manner so that change can be conceptualised in order to strive for the rights of children to receive justice for crimes committed against them. Key findings of the study yielded three significant factors which plague the progress of these cases. A significant finding illuminated the lack of required capacity professionals have in working and understanding children throughout the criminal justice process. A further vital finding is the complexities of inter-departmental functioning on implementation level, indicating challenges in collaboration. An integral finding is the measure of time taken to investigate cases of child victims, which the criminal process flow is delayed to its own detriment in aiming for convictions. In general it was found that services to child victims are neglected. Collaborative approaches which are already in place are to be strengthened through capacity building and collaborative knowledge integration in all sectors of professionals. Victim services legislation must include specialized services for the child victim. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Calitz, Karen
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Sex crimes -- Investigation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Criminal justice, Administration of -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51010 , vital:43200
- Description: The successful prosecution of a sex crime case is dependent on the testimony of the victim. Due to the concealed nature of a sexual crime, it is notoriously difficult to prosecute effectively. With child victims, a number of additional obstacles present themselves when it comes to children giving evidence. Attrition is the rate at which cases do not proceed to court. Statistics in South Africa has revealed that rape has one of the lowest conviction rates of all serious crimes. This study is aimed at analysing the factors that cause attrition during the investigation stage in cases where children were victims of any form of sexual crime. In order to obtain the unscripted view of the investigation process, the qualitative study comprises of interviews with investigating officers who investigate these cases and the prosecutors who present these cases to court. The multi-disciplinary team-approach during investigation and its varying limits and challenges, were the main focus. A purposive non-probability sampling technique was utilised, focusing on the Kouga district municipality of the Eastern Cape. Through this study, the factors causing attrition were analysed and presented in such a manner so that change can be conceptualised in order to strive for the rights of children to receive justice for crimes committed against them. Key findings of the study yielded three significant factors which plague the progress of these cases. A significant finding illuminated the lack of required capacity professionals have in working and understanding children throughout the criminal justice process. A further vital finding is the complexities of inter-departmental functioning on implementation level, indicating challenges in collaboration. An integral finding is the measure of time taken to investigate cases of child victims, which the criminal process flow is delayed to its own detriment in aiming for convictions. In general it was found that services to child victims are neglected. Collaborative approaches which are already in place are to be strengthened through capacity building and collaborative knowledge integration in all sectors of professionals. Victim services legislation must include specialized services for the child victim. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A model for smart factories in the consumer health sector
- Authors: Nherera, Bruce
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52959 , vital:44879
- Description: The manufacturing sector, globally, is facing significant challenges due to current societal, economic, environmental, and technological developments. To overcome the challenges into the future, manufacturing organisations will need new capabilities to manage their end to end supply chains to make sure that it is responsive and agile. The Smart factories, as an element of Industry 4.0, drive efficient operations while at the same time ensure that employees are safe, and operations are environmentally sustainable. The ability to be flexible, to be reconfigured and to be connected to customers allows Smart factories to mass customise their customers’ orders and maintain the same efficiencies when compared to mass production operations. Technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart factories must be employed to further drive efficiencies, agility and ease of production by giving operations the capability to respond in real time to problems with machines and customer requests. Smart factory technology allows operational sustainability through the efficient use of resources. The Smart factory revolution is significantly changing the relationship between humans and machines. Based on the literature review conducted, a theoretical model was constructed which was tested at a Consumer Health Organisation to identify the relationship between the dependent and independent factors. The independent factors, specified in the model were job security, organisation culture, training and skills, trust, costs and resources, parent company and standards. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, NMU Business School, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Nherera, Bruce
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52959 , vital:44879
- Description: The manufacturing sector, globally, is facing significant challenges due to current societal, economic, environmental, and technological developments. To overcome the challenges into the future, manufacturing organisations will need new capabilities to manage their end to end supply chains to make sure that it is responsive and agile. The Smart factories, as an element of Industry 4.0, drive efficient operations while at the same time ensure that employees are safe, and operations are environmentally sustainable. The ability to be flexible, to be reconfigured and to be connected to customers allows Smart factories to mass customise their customers’ orders and maintain the same efficiencies when compared to mass production operations. Technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart factories must be employed to further drive efficiencies, agility and ease of production by giving operations the capability to respond in real time to problems with machines and customer requests. Smart factory technology allows operational sustainability through the efficient use of resources. The Smart factory revolution is significantly changing the relationship between humans and machines. Based on the literature review conducted, a theoretical model was constructed which was tested at a Consumer Health Organisation to identify the relationship between the dependent and independent factors. The independent factors, specified in the model were job security, organisation culture, training and skills, trust, costs and resources, parent company and standards. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, NMU Business School, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Fish ecology and ecophysiology in an anthropogenically-altered temporarily open/closed estuary in the warm-temperate region of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Mpinga, Mfundo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Fishes--Ecology--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52122 , vital:43431
- Description: Estuaries are globally recognized for their contribution to the coastal marine environment by acting as nursery grounds for numerous marine estuarine-dependent fish species. These linking ecosystems between marine and riverine environments, are ideal for these species due to the habitat diversity, nutrient and food availability, shallower and calmer environments they provide relative to the ocean. Abrupt hydrodynamic and physico-chemical changes which frequently occur in estuaries impose physiological stress and requires superior adaptability in the fish that reside within them. This is exacerbated by anthropogenic modifications to estuaries which affects their natural ecological function. The Seekoei Estuary is one of 192 temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs) in South Africa and these estuaries are characterised by their periodical connection to the sea due to the formation of a mouth berm. These estuaries are the dominant type in South Africa. A lot of research has been done in these kinds of estuaries, however, it is still limited due to their vast numbers. These estuaries are popular for human settlement and this has led to mismanagement due to the lack of ecological information. Furthermore, because of their inability to continuously flush out water, temporarily open closed estuaries are more vulnerable to pollution and anthropogenic modifications. The aim of this study was to assess the small fish community in relation to their environment in the hypersaline anthropogenically-altered Seekoei Estuary, by analysing the spatio-temporal trends of physico-chemical properties, nutrient loads, phytoplankton biomass and fish community structure. In addition, histological adaptation in gills of fish that survive hypersaline water was investigated. The study found that physico-chemical properties were influenced by anthropogenic alterations, in particular adverse water abstraction, instream water obstructions and artificial breaching. Nutrient concentration was found to be influenced by the intense agricultural practices in the upper reaches. It was evident that nutrient concentration (dissolved inorganic phosphorus) coupled with high salinity and optimum temperature (15 oC - 20 oC) affected the phytoplankton biomass. This estuary’s inability to naturally breach makes it vulnerable to phytoplankton blooms. The accumulation of cohesive silt caused by low river inflow, due to water abstraction in the upper reaches, was attributed to this estuary’s prolonged mouth closure. This was exacerbated by the presence of the causeway, which acts as a barrier between the middle and lower estuary. The abundance of marine fish species in the estuary, despite its long closure, indicates that the larvae and juveniles of these species make use of overwash events and brief artificial breaching events to recruit into the estuary. The high species richness in iii sites below the causeway is indicative of the barrier effect, which prevents the migration of some species to the upper reaches. This was evident during a massive fish kill, recorded during this study, which was more severe in sites below the causeway than above it. Chloride cell hyperplasia, mucus secretion and thickening of the epithelial layer in gills of indicator fish species from this estuary was the histological adaptation, which enables these fishes to be tolerant to high salinity. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mpinga, Mfundo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Fishes--Ecology--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52122 , vital:43431
- Description: Estuaries are globally recognized for their contribution to the coastal marine environment by acting as nursery grounds for numerous marine estuarine-dependent fish species. These linking ecosystems between marine and riverine environments, are ideal for these species due to the habitat diversity, nutrient and food availability, shallower and calmer environments they provide relative to the ocean. Abrupt hydrodynamic and physico-chemical changes which frequently occur in estuaries impose physiological stress and requires superior adaptability in the fish that reside within them. This is exacerbated by anthropogenic modifications to estuaries which affects their natural ecological function. The Seekoei Estuary is one of 192 temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs) in South Africa and these estuaries are characterised by their periodical connection to the sea due to the formation of a mouth berm. These estuaries are the dominant type in South Africa. A lot of research has been done in these kinds of estuaries, however, it is still limited due to their vast numbers. These estuaries are popular for human settlement and this has led to mismanagement due to the lack of ecological information. Furthermore, because of their inability to continuously flush out water, temporarily open closed estuaries are more vulnerable to pollution and anthropogenic modifications. The aim of this study was to assess the small fish community in relation to their environment in the hypersaline anthropogenically-altered Seekoei Estuary, by analysing the spatio-temporal trends of physico-chemical properties, nutrient loads, phytoplankton biomass and fish community structure. In addition, histological adaptation in gills of fish that survive hypersaline water was investigated. The study found that physico-chemical properties were influenced by anthropogenic alterations, in particular adverse water abstraction, instream water obstructions and artificial breaching. Nutrient concentration was found to be influenced by the intense agricultural practices in the upper reaches. It was evident that nutrient concentration (dissolved inorganic phosphorus) coupled with high salinity and optimum temperature (15 oC - 20 oC) affected the phytoplankton biomass. This estuary’s inability to naturally breach makes it vulnerable to phytoplankton blooms. The accumulation of cohesive silt caused by low river inflow, due to water abstraction in the upper reaches, was attributed to this estuary’s prolonged mouth closure. This was exacerbated by the presence of the causeway, which acts as a barrier between the middle and lower estuary. The abundance of marine fish species in the estuary, despite its long closure, indicates that the larvae and juveniles of these species make use of overwash events and brief artificial breaching events to recruit into the estuary. The high species richness in iii sites below the causeway is indicative of the barrier effect, which prevents the migration of some species to the upper reaches. This was evident during a massive fish kill, recorded during this study, which was more severe in sites below the causeway than above it. Chloride cell hyperplasia, mucus secretion and thickening of the epithelial layer in gills of indicator fish species from this estuary was the histological adaptation, which enables these fishes to be tolerant to high salinity. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An educational intervention on the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections in haemodialysis patients in Eswatini
- Authors: Simelane, Delisile
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Catheterization -- Complications -- Eswatini , Infection Control
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51906 , vital:43383
- Description: Nurses are health care professionals whose duty it is to protect patients from acquiring infections while hospitalised in a health care setup. By maintaining an infection-free environment, it is expected that the patient's recovery will be promoted, and high-quality nursing care will be delivered. This also applies to the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in haemodialysis patients. As nurses spend most of their nursing time with patients, they should have a good level of understanding of infection prevention and control in health care setups. In Eswatini, central venous catheters (CVCs) are commonly used for vascular access in patients who require haemodialysis. From the latest data available in the country's three largest regional hospitals, the proportion of haemodialysis patients with CVCs hospitalised for CRBSIs was 27% (64/239) January to December 2020. Further, it is unclear whether professional nurses have knowledge on the prevention of CRBSIs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention, based on the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Guidelines, on professional nurses' knowledge regarding the prevention of CRBSIs in haemodialysis patients in hospitals in Eswatini (previously known as Swaziland). The study used a convenience sample including all professional nurses and nurse managers (N=99) employed at the renal and intensive care units (ICUs) at the five hospitals (Hospitals A-E) in Eswatini where haemolysis is conducted. The study is underpinned by Florence Nightingale's Theory and the Knowledge-to-Action Framework. The research study followed a positivistic, quantitative research paradigm, using a quasi-experimental, one-group, pre-post-test design with an interventional research approach, to be conducted in three phases. The first phase was the distribution of a pre-test questionnaire to all professional nurses and nurse managers working in renal units and those in ICUs that are also managing CVCs in order to assess their knowledge regarding the prevention of CRBSIs in haemodialysis patients. The second phase included the educational intervention, which was developed, reviewed and presented by the researcher to professional nurses. The third phase included the distribution of a post-test questionnaire to the professional nurses to assess the effect of the educational intervention on their knowledge.The pre-and post-test questionnaires were developed by the researcher, in line with the educational intervention (and informed based on the pre-test findings), reviewed by six experts and pilot tested to ascertain its validity and reliability. The researcher captured the data using Microsoft Excel and, with the assistance of a statistician, who performed statistical analyses using Cronbach's alpha, One-sample t-tests, Cohen's Kappa, Cohen's D, and Chi-square test. Ethical principles, according to the Belmont Report, including autonomy, beneficence and justice, and appropriate standards of rigour were maintained throughout the research study. In this study the overall knowledge was good with a mean score of 75.05 ±8.74 for the pre-test and 77.75±9.55 for the post-test. The knowledge scores for the factor infection prevention was higher (pre-test: 83.33±9.28 versus post-test: 85.14±8.28) compared to the factor catheter care (pre-test: 66.76±13.13 versus post-test: 70.38±14.27). The factor catheter care and age was significantly related in the pre-test with a p-value of .043 between groups. The factor infection prevention and how long practising in the unit were significantly related in the pre-test, with a p-value of .029 between groups. The factor infection prevention in the pre-test had a medium significant difference between >1 year and >5 years practicing in the unit (Scheffé p .048 and Cohen's d 0.77). The study is the first in the field of nursing in Eswatini. The educational intervention can be used by nurses in renal units and ICUs to close knowledge-practice gaps that can put patients at higher risk for CRBSIs, but requires further development and testing. , Thesis (MN) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Simelane, Delisile
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Catheterization -- Complications -- Eswatini , Infection Control
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51906 , vital:43383
- Description: Nurses are health care professionals whose duty it is to protect patients from acquiring infections while hospitalised in a health care setup. By maintaining an infection-free environment, it is expected that the patient's recovery will be promoted, and high-quality nursing care will be delivered. This also applies to the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in haemodialysis patients. As nurses spend most of their nursing time with patients, they should have a good level of understanding of infection prevention and control in health care setups. In Eswatini, central venous catheters (CVCs) are commonly used for vascular access in patients who require haemodialysis. From the latest data available in the country's three largest regional hospitals, the proportion of haemodialysis patients with CVCs hospitalised for CRBSIs was 27% (64/239) January to December 2020. Further, it is unclear whether professional nurses have knowledge on the prevention of CRBSIs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention, based on the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Guidelines, on professional nurses' knowledge regarding the prevention of CRBSIs in haemodialysis patients in hospitals in Eswatini (previously known as Swaziland). The study used a convenience sample including all professional nurses and nurse managers (N=99) employed at the renal and intensive care units (ICUs) at the five hospitals (Hospitals A-E) in Eswatini where haemolysis is conducted. The study is underpinned by Florence Nightingale's Theory and the Knowledge-to-Action Framework. The research study followed a positivistic, quantitative research paradigm, using a quasi-experimental, one-group, pre-post-test design with an interventional research approach, to be conducted in three phases. The first phase was the distribution of a pre-test questionnaire to all professional nurses and nurse managers working in renal units and those in ICUs that are also managing CVCs in order to assess their knowledge regarding the prevention of CRBSIs in haemodialysis patients. The second phase included the educational intervention, which was developed, reviewed and presented by the researcher to professional nurses. The third phase included the distribution of a post-test questionnaire to the professional nurses to assess the effect of the educational intervention on their knowledge.The pre-and post-test questionnaires were developed by the researcher, in line with the educational intervention (and informed based on the pre-test findings), reviewed by six experts and pilot tested to ascertain its validity and reliability. The researcher captured the data using Microsoft Excel and, with the assistance of a statistician, who performed statistical analyses using Cronbach's alpha, One-sample t-tests, Cohen's Kappa, Cohen's D, and Chi-square test. Ethical principles, according to the Belmont Report, including autonomy, beneficence and justice, and appropriate standards of rigour were maintained throughout the research study. In this study the overall knowledge was good with a mean score of 75.05 ±8.74 for the pre-test and 77.75±9.55 for the post-test. The knowledge scores for the factor infection prevention was higher (pre-test: 83.33±9.28 versus post-test: 85.14±8.28) compared to the factor catheter care (pre-test: 66.76±13.13 versus post-test: 70.38±14.27). The factor catheter care and age was significantly related in the pre-test with a p-value of .043 between groups. The factor infection prevention and how long practising in the unit were significantly related in the pre-test, with a p-value of .029 between groups. The factor infection prevention in the pre-test had a medium significant difference between >1 year and >5 years practicing in the unit (Scheffé p .048 and Cohen's d 0.77). The study is the first in the field of nursing in Eswatini. The educational intervention can be used by nurses in renal units and ICUs to close knowledge-practice gaps that can put patients at higher risk for CRBSIs, but requires further development and testing. , Thesis (MN) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
The utilisation of performance management system for effective provision of services: a case study of the Greater Taung Local Municipality
- Edward, Keikanetswe Angelina
- Authors: Edward, Keikanetswe Angelina
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Personnel management -- South Africa -- North-West
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52508 , vital:43682
- Description: Many rural municipalities are facing challenges in service delivery, and the Greater Taung Local Municipality(GTLM) is no exception. The performance management system plays a pivotal role in the improvement of service delivery and for this to be realised, there are elements that contribute negatively to the system which are a threat and if not managed properly, the aims and objectives of the development would not be possible. The main challenges in the way of implementation of a performance management system, according to the findings, are that the service delivery department of the municipality does not fully comply with the system, non-implementation of the system and/or inadequate skills and knowledge of employees. The aim of the study is to evaluate the utilisation of performance management in the provision of effective service delivery in the Greater Taung Local Municipality. The literature review of performance management has guided the researcher and enables her understanding of performance management system implementation. The main objectives of the research study are therefore to: To determine the purpose of performance management; To determine ways in which performance management improve an employees’ skills and performance; To assess the application of performance management policy at the Greater Taung Local Municipality; and To determine how performance management by the Greater Taung Local Municipality assists in service delivery. A qualitative research method was used to collect data in a form of questionnaires and a literature review, which includes e.g. legislation, policies, journals, books, newspaper articles etc. This method guided the researcher to control the data received by communicating the meaning of what had been learnt during the process of data analysis. The main recommendations of this research study are that more needs to be done in defining the performance management system to employees so that there can be a proper understanding and that a senior official’s perception of the system needs to change. Training would provide the necessary skills for employees to carry out their tasks, thereby meeting the developmental goals of the municipality. In conclusion, the implementation of the research recommendations in this study would improve the utilisation of performance management system and provide effective service delivery in the Greater Taung Local Municipality. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Edward, Keikanetswe Angelina
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Personnel management -- South Africa -- North-West
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52508 , vital:43682
- Description: Many rural municipalities are facing challenges in service delivery, and the Greater Taung Local Municipality(GTLM) is no exception. The performance management system plays a pivotal role in the improvement of service delivery and for this to be realised, there are elements that contribute negatively to the system which are a threat and if not managed properly, the aims and objectives of the development would not be possible. The main challenges in the way of implementation of a performance management system, according to the findings, are that the service delivery department of the municipality does not fully comply with the system, non-implementation of the system and/or inadequate skills and knowledge of employees. The aim of the study is to evaluate the utilisation of performance management in the provision of effective service delivery in the Greater Taung Local Municipality. The literature review of performance management has guided the researcher and enables her understanding of performance management system implementation. The main objectives of the research study are therefore to: To determine the purpose of performance management; To determine ways in which performance management improve an employees’ skills and performance; To assess the application of performance management policy at the Greater Taung Local Municipality; and To determine how performance management by the Greater Taung Local Municipality assists in service delivery. A qualitative research method was used to collect data in a form of questionnaires and a literature review, which includes e.g. legislation, policies, journals, books, newspaper articles etc. This method guided the researcher to control the data received by communicating the meaning of what had been learnt during the process of data analysis. The main recommendations of this research study are that more needs to be done in defining the performance management system to employees so that there can be a proper understanding and that a senior official’s perception of the system needs to change. Training would provide the necessary skills for employees to carry out their tasks, thereby meeting the developmental goals of the municipality. In conclusion, the implementation of the research recommendations in this study would improve the utilisation of performance management system and provide effective service delivery in the Greater Taung Local Municipality. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A design of a convention centre in the kuiseb river valley, Namib desert
- Authors: Davids, Maretha
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Convention facilities-- Namibia --Kuiseb river -- Designs and plans , Kuiseb River (Namibia)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57466 , vital:57876
- Description: At least 55 million years old, the Namib Desert is the oldest desert in the world. With many species making up the diverse ecosystem the question remains, how do they survive with less than 200 mm of rainfall per year? (Lovegrove 1993) Survival in harsh climatic conditions have been tried and conquered across the world, from desert to artic conditions. With a harsh climatic environment and barren conditions, where does one set up a place of gathering? With tourism being one of the main pillars of the economy in Namibia. On an already existing route along a perennial water source, a conference centre is set up as a midway point for meeting of tourists with a local flair (Humavindu, 2013 Through learning from this environment and environments similar to these, the final product of this treatise results in a place of meeting along this string of settlements along the river, through means of bio-inspired design and phenomenological theories of place making. The challenge of nature vs building is questioned. Forming a unique experience as a sustainable oasis within the harsh surrounds the project sits within, amplifying the context in which it sits. , Thesis (MArch) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Architecture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Davids, Maretha
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Convention facilities-- Namibia --Kuiseb river -- Designs and plans , Kuiseb River (Namibia)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57466 , vital:57876
- Description: At least 55 million years old, the Namib Desert is the oldest desert in the world. With many species making up the diverse ecosystem the question remains, how do they survive with less than 200 mm of rainfall per year? (Lovegrove 1993) Survival in harsh climatic conditions have been tried and conquered across the world, from desert to artic conditions. With a harsh climatic environment and barren conditions, where does one set up a place of gathering? With tourism being one of the main pillars of the economy in Namibia. On an already existing route along a perennial water source, a conference centre is set up as a midway point for meeting of tourists with a local flair (Humavindu, 2013 Through learning from this environment and environments similar to these, the final product of this treatise results in a place of meeting along this string of settlements along the river, through means of bio-inspired design and phenomenological theories of place making. The challenge of nature vs building is questioned. Forming a unique experience as a sustainable oasis within the harsh surrounds the project sits within, amplifying the context in which it sits. , Thesis (MArch) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Architecture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Problems facing governance of small business in South Africa: non-owner perspective
- Mabotha, Mathipe Pontsho Ramakgahlele
- Authors: Mabotha, Mathipe Pontsho Ramakgahlele
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Small business -- Management , New business enterprises -- South Africa , Corporate governance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51787 , vital:43372
- Description: Small businesses have been perceived to have governance problems in South Africa. The problem is that in SA there is a limited amount of research available regarding these complex investigations into the problems of governance of SMEs in South Africa. The objectives of this study were to conduct an extensive literature review on governance of small businesses, and the factors which affect the governance of such small businesses and what key resources could be identified and built up for the successful adoption of innovations in the sector, to lead to an understand of weaknesses in the current capacity-building of SMEs. It also sought to determine the current situations contributing to the weaknesses of SMEs; to understand challenges in the governance of small businesses in South Africa, to determine the types of financial support that exists and the contribution of financial support to the development of SMEs and to understand the ways government can help and develop SMEs. Qualitative research was used because it is more subjective and relies on experiences and opinions of participants. The study used exploratory research. An interview protocol for semi-structured face-to-face interviews was designed and used to obtain the views of SME owners and managers. The findings of the study showed that a lack of financial support is one of the challenges in the current capacity-building of small businesses. Moreover, the findings of the study showed that access to information on available markets and on the creation of new opportunities is another weakness in the current capacity-building of small businesses. SMEs need access to buyers, information on product demand, pricing knowledge and standards. The findings of the study also showed that the lack of support through business management knowledge is one of the weaknesses in the current capacity-building of small businesses. The findings showed that, most small business owners do not have the needed business management knowledge to transform their businesses. The study recommends that the government assist small businesses with financial support. It is also suggested that small businesses have human resource management knowledge to manage people who help them develop their businesses. Moreover, the study recommends that small businesses embrace new technology to boost their business by easy operations using new technologies. Moreover, the study recommends that small businesses owners use the same strategies, approaches and novel technology to compete with other businesses all over the world since there is fierce competition due to globalization. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mabotha, Mathipe Pontsho Ramakgahlele
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Small business -- Management , New business enterprises -- South Africa , Corporate governance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51787 , vital:43372
- Description: Small businesses have been perceived to have governance problems in South Africa. The problem is that in SA there is a limited amount of research available regarding these complex investigations into the problems of governance of SMEs in South Africa. The objectives of this study were to conduct an extensive literature review on governance of small businesses, and the factors which affect the governance of such small businesses and what key resources could be identified and built up for the successful adoption of innovations in the sector, to lead to an understand of weaknesses in the current capacity-building of SMEs. It also sought to determine the current situations contributing to the weaknesses of SMEs; to understand challenges in the governance of small businesses in South Africa, to determine the types of financial support that exists and the contribution of financial support to the development of SMEs and to understand the ways government can help and develop SMEs. Qualitative research was used because it is more subjective and relies on experiences and opinions of participants. The study used exploratory research. An interview protocol for semi-structured face-to-face interviews was designed and used to obtain the views of SME owners and managers. The findings of the study showed that a lack of financial support is one of the challenges in the current capacity-building of small businesses. Moreover, the findings of the study showed that access to information on available markets and on the creation of new opportunities is another weakness in the current capacity-building of small businesses. SMEs need access to buyers, information on product demand, pricing knowledge and standards. The findings of the study also showed that the lack of support through business management knowledge is one of the weaknesses in the current capacity-building of small businesses. The findings showed that, most small business owners do not have the needed business management knowledge to transform their businesses. The study recommends that the government assist small businesses with financial support. It is also suggested that small businesses have human resource management knowledge to manage people who help them develop their businesses. Moreover, the study recommends that small businesses embrace new technology to boost their business by easy operations using new technologies. Moreover, the study recommends that small businesses owners use the same strategies, approaches and novel technology to compete with other businesses all over the world since there is fierce competition due to globalization. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Recreating a wetland at an abandoned saltworks : towards a rehabilitation plan
- Authors: Wasserman, Johan
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52146 , vital:43450
- Description: A saltworks at Swartkops Estuary was abandoned in 2018. While operational, the saltworks hosted some of the largest breeding colonies of several shorebird species in southern Africa and hosted thousands of Palearctic migrant waterbirds annually. The abandonment of the saltworks has resulted in the loss of the artificially managed hydrological regime and therefore the wetland function and habitat value of the site, and the rich and diverse avifauna that once occurred at the site have not returned. The rehabilitation of the saltworks as a wetland that functions as a waterbird sanctuary is currently being organised, and this research aimed to create a plan for implementing and monitoring the rehabilitation. In order to do so, the baseline environmental condition of the abandoned saltworks was established, the possible rehabilitation interventions necessary for rehabilitating the site were assessed, and the potential ecological implications of any interventions were investigated. The assessment of the saltworks’ baseline condition revealed that the site is now characterised by vast expanses of dry hypersaline sediment with sparse patches of monospecific vegetation and depauperate avifauna. The once rich and diverse waterbird communities have all but disappeared since the site was abandoned and are unlikely to return unless a managed hydrological regime is reinstated. Furthermore, it is improbable that salt marsh vegetation will cover the abandoned saltworks primarily due to the high sediment salinity that will persist unless the saltpans are flooded. The area will likely remain barren with little ecological value if no rehabilitation action is taken. Two potential rehabilitation options for reinstating a hydrological regime at the saltworks were identified: (1) pumping estuary water into all of the saltpans; or (2) pumping estuary water into some of the saltpans, while allowing the largest one to be filled with stormwater. Both options were deemed to be feasible; however, the second option will likely have lower running costs. The use of stormwater to fill the one saltpan is expected to result in brackish conditions initially, while the saltpans filled with estuary water would have salinity levels ranging from euhaline to slightly hypersaline. Both the stormwater and estuary water are rich in inorganic nutrients – the estuary water is rich in both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), while the stormwater has an exceptionally high DIN content. This raised concerns of creating eutrophic wetlands with detrimental conditions such as algal blooms and a hypoxic water column. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Wasserman, Johan
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52146 , vital:43450
- Description: A saltworks at Swartkops Estuary was abandoned in 2018. While operational, the saltworks hosted some of the largest breeding colonies of several shorebird species in southern Africa and hosted thousands of Palearctic migrant waterbirds annually. The abandonment of the saltworks has resulted in the loss of the artificially managed hydrological regime and therefore the wetland function and habitat value of the site, and the rich and diverse avifauna that once occurred at the site have not returned. The rehabilitation of the saltworks as a wetland that functions as a waterbird sanctuary is currently being organised, and this research aimed to create a plan for implementing and monitoring the rehabilitation. In order to do so, the baseline environmental condition of the abandoned saltworks was established, the possible rehabilitation interventions necessary for rehabilitating the site were assessed, and the potential ecological implications of any interventions were investigated. The assessment of the saltworks’ baseline condition revealed that the site is now characterised by vast expanses of dry hypersaline sediment with sparse patches of monospecific vegetation and depauperate avifauna. The once rich and diverse waterbird communities have all but disappeared since the site was abandoned and are unlikely to return unless a managed hydrological regime is reinstated. Furthermore, it is improbable that salt marsh vegetation will cover the abandoned saltworks primarily due to the high sediment salinity that will persist unless the saltpans are flooded. The area will likely remain barren with little ecological value if no rehabilitation action is taken. Two potential rehabilitation options for reinstating a hydrological regime at the saltworks were identified: (1) pumping estuary water into all of the saltpans; or (2) pumping estuary water into some of the saltpans, while allowing the largest one to be filled with stormwater. Both options were deemed to be feasible; however, the second option will likely have lower running costs. The use of stormwater to fill the one saltpan is expected to result in brackish conditions initially, while the saltpans filled with estuary water would have salinity levels ranging from euhaline to slightly hypersaline. Both the stormwater and estuary water are rich in inorganic nutrients – the estuary water is rich in both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), while the stormwater has an exceptionally high DIN content. This raised concerns of creating eutrophic wetlands with detrimental conditions such as algal blooms and a hypoxic water column. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
Effects of different levels of education and government spending on economic growth
- Authors: Malangeni, Luxolo Mihle
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Southern African Development Community , Economic development -- Africa , Economics -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51842 , vital:43377
- Description: This study investigates the impact of the level of education and education spending on economic growth in the Southern African development community (SADC) using annual panel data from 1995 to 2017 using the FMOSLS and DOLS cointegration estimators. Three levels of education are identified in study (primary, secondary and tertiary). Moreover, we create an index of government spending on education corresponding to these three levels of education. The empirical results suggest that there is a positive long-term relationship between secondary education and economic growth but not for other levels of education. Moreover, it is found that only government spending at primary and secondary education contribute to economic growth. The causality analysis for confirm that only secondary education affects economic growth and is affected by government spending on education. Policy implications of the study are discussed. Government should be careful in managing the public spending on education in a way to increase the skilled labor. Education Policies must be drive based on principle. Professional schools must be first priority in education policies in the region. Government should direct the public expenditures on education towards productive sectors that will contribute in improving the standard of living contributing so on economic growth. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Economics, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Malangeni, Luxolo Mihle
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Southern African Development Community , Economic development -- Africa , Economics -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51842 , vital:43377
- Description: This study investigates the impact of the level of education and education spending on economic growth in the Southern African development community (SADC) using annual panel data from 1995 to 2017 using the FMOSLS and DOLS cointegration estimators. Three levels of education are identified in study (primary, secondary and tertiary). Moreover, we create an index of government spending on education corresponding to these three levels of education. The empirical results suggest that there is a positive long-term relationship between secondary education and economic growth but not for other levels of education. Moreover, it is found that only government spending at primary and secondary education contribute to economic growth. The causality analysis for confirm that only secondary education affects economic growth and is affected by government spending on education. Policy implications of the study are discussed. Government should be careful in managing the public spending on education in a way to increase the skilled labor. Education Policies must be drive based on principle. Professional schools must be first priority in education policies in the region. Government should direct the public expenditures on education towards productive sectors that will contribute in improving the standard of living contributing so on economic growth. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Economics, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
The impact of financial inclusion and institutional quality on economic growth in the BRICS and MINT countries
- Authors: Matiso, Sibahle
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: BRIC countries , BRIC countries -- Foreign economic relations. , Economic development -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51873 , vital:43380
- Description: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between Financial Inclusion, institutional quality, and economic growth in the Brics and Mint emerging economies. Taking six different indicators of financial availability, accessibility and usability, this paper constructed a single financial inclusion index using an approach developed by Sarma (2008). Similarly, taking six governance indicators and five economic freedom indicators we constructed a single Institutional quality index using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Thus, using data that spans from 2004 to 2018 we tested the relationship between these two indexes and Economic growth using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) econometric model. The empirical results showed that there is indeed a positive and significant simultaneous effect of financial Inclusion and Institutional quality on Economic growth in the Brics and Mint emerging economies. This positive relationship between these variables suggests that government agents and policymakers in the Brics and Mint countries need to come up with strategies that will help build efficient state institutions and enhance financial inclusion as these are suitable instruments for the promotion of sustainable future growth and the upliftment of the welfare of their citizens. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Economics, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Matiso, Sibahle
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: BRIC countries , BRIC countries -- Foreign economic relations. , Economic development -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51873 , vital:43380
- Description: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between Financial Inclusion, institutional quality, and economic growth in the Brics and Mint emerging economies. Taking six different indicators of financial availability, accessibility and usability, this paper constructed a single financial inclusion index using an approach developed by Sarma (2008). Similarly, taking six governance indicators and five economic freedom indicators we constructed a single Institutional quality index using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Thus, using data that spans from 2004 to 2018 we tested the relationship between these two indexes and Economic growth using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) econometric model. The empirical results showed that there is indeed a positive and significant simultaneous effect of financial Inclusion and Institutional quality on Economic growth in the Brics and Mint emerging economies. This positive relationship between these variables suggests that government agents and policymakers in the Brics and Mint countries need to come up with strategies that will help build efficient state institutions and enhance financial inclusion as these are suitable instruments for the promotion of sustainable future growth and the upliftment of the welfare of their citizens. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Economics, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
An assessment of risk management in a State-Owned Enterprise (SOE): a case of Transnet engineering
- Authors: Mnyiphika, Aphiwe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53009 , vital:44868
- Description: State-owned enterprises are facing several challenges. The challenges are associated with several risks in the business environment. Risk management has become increasingly important in the day to operations of any enterprise. This study is conducted to assess risk management implementation and execution within a state-owned enterprise (SOE). The main reason behind this research is that very little is known about risk management in the SOE sector in South Africa, as can be seen by the perpetual failure of these organisations. Therefore, this research focused on assessing the implementation and execution of risk management at Transnet Engineering because it continues to suffer losses as a result of “state capture”. The study sought to find out the role of organisational culture on the adoption of risk management in a state-owned enterprise. the main objectives of the research focused on the impact of commitment on the adoption of risk management in a state-owned enterprise; the function of implementation on the adoption of risk management in a state-owned enterprise; and the impact of monitoring on the adoption of risk management in a state-owned enterprise. A qualitative research methodology was utilised to attain results for these research objectives.The areas focused on Transnet Engineering with it regions and excluded other subdivisions of Transnet such as Transnet National Ports Authority, Freight rail, Port Terminals Pipelines and Properties. Convenience sampling was used to select 10 appropriate participants who were willing to provide the needed information to furnish the study’s findings. Interviews were utilised to collect data for this study. The data that was collected in this study was analysed using thematic analysis. The main findings of this study show that the organisational culture of Transnet Engineering is not enhancing the adoption and implementation of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, NMMU Business School, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mnyiphika, Aphiwe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53009 , vital:44868
- Description: State-owned enterprises are facing several challenges. The challenges are associated with several risks in the business environment. Risk management has become increasingly important in the day to operations of any enterprise. This study is conducted to assess risk management implementation and execution within a state-owned enterprise (SOE). The main reason behind this research is that very little is known about risk management in the SOE sector in South Africa, as can be seen by the perpetual failure of these organisations. Therefore, this research focused on assessing the implementation and execution of risk management at Transnet Engineering because it continues to suffer losses as a result of “state capture”. The study sought to find out the role of organisational culture on the adoption of risk management in a state-owned enterprise. the main objectives of the research focused on the impact of commitment on the adoption of risk management in a state-owned enterprise; the function of implementation on the adoption of risk management in a state-owned enterprise; and the impact of monitoring on the adoption of risk management in a state-owned enterprise. A qualitative research methodology was utilised to attain results for these research objectives.The areas focused on Transnet Engineering with it regions and excluded other subdivisions of Transnet such as Transnet National Ports Authority, Freight rail, Port Terminals Pipelines and Properties. Convenience sampling was used to select 10 appropriate participants who were willing to provide the needed information to furnish the study’s findings. Interviews were utilised to collect data for this study. The data that was collected in this study was analysed using thematic analysis. The main findings of this study show that the organisational culture of Transnet Engineering is not enhancing the adoption and implementation of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, NMMU Business School, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
A Psychobiographical Study of Charles Manson
- Authors: Flatela, Sambesiwe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Psychology -- Biographical methods , Personality development -- Psychological aspects , Criminals -- United States -- Biography
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51021 , vital:43201
- Description: Charles Manson was notorious for his antisocial behaviour and influence; through his charisma, he formed a group of followers known as the Manson family. Manson and his followers became involved in various criminal activities which culminated in the murder of 7 people. These murders were not committed by Manson per say, but he planned them, and incited his followers to commit them; this resulted in a trial and Manson going to prison, being given a life sentence. He continued to influence people while he served his sentence in prison. Manson died of natural causes in November 2017. The research study explores and describes the life of Manson in the form of a psychobiography. The aim of the study was to gain insight into the personality development of Charles Manson. This was achieved by applying Otto Kernberg’s Object Relations Theory to Manson’s known life experiences. Various data was collected and triangulated, using primary and secondary sources. Miles, Huberman, and Saldana’s (2013) three step procedure was used to analyse the data. The findings highlight the influence of genetics and rejection as pivotal to the unfolding of Manson’s personality, and provide insight into how his antisocial patterns unfolded. They highlight, in particular, his use of control, dominance and devaluation to protect his positive experience of self. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Flatela, Sambesiwe
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Psychology -- Biographical methods , Personality development -- Psychological aspects , Criminals -- United States -- Biography
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51021 , vital:43201
- Description: Charles Manson was notorious for his antisocial behaviour and influence; through his charisma, he formed a group of followers known as the Manson family. Manson and his followers became involved in various criminal activities which culminated in the murder of 7 people. These murders were not committed by Manson per say, but he planned them, and incited his followers to commit them; this resulted in a trial and Manson going to prison, being given a life sentence. He continued to influence people while he served his sentence in prison. Manson died of natural causes in November 2017. The research study explores and describes the life of Manson in the form of a psychobiography. The aim of the study was to gain insight into the personality development of Charles Manson. This was achieved by applying Otto Kernberg’s Object Relations Theory to Manson’s known life experiences. Various data was collected and triangulated, using primary and secondary sources. Miles, Huberman, and Saldana’s (2013) three step procedure was used to analyse the data. The findings highlight the influence of genetics and rejection as pivotal to the unfolding of Manson’s personality, and provide insight into how his antisocial patterns unfolded. They highlight, in particular, his use of control, dominance and devaluation to protect his positive experience of self. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04