The taxonomy and life history of the blue stingray, Dasyatis marmorata capensis (Batoidea : Dasyatidae) from Southern Africa
- Cowley, Paul D (Paul Denfer), 1964-
- Authors: Cowley, Paul D (Paul Denfer), 1964-
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Stingrays -- Africa, Southern Dasyatidae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001959
- Description: The blue stingray, Dasyatis marmorata capensis is an important recreational shore angling species, especially amongst tournament anglers, in South Africa. The taxonomy and aspects of the biology of this species were investigated from specimens collected between March 1987 and May 1989, from various localities along the southern African coastline. Morphological comparisons were made between Dasyatis pastinaca, Dasyatis marmorata and the local variety. The results indicated that the local variety is different to D. pastinaca in colouration, disc length size, and vertebral and radial counts. The proposed new sub-species Dasyatis marmorata capensis is closest to Dasyatis marmorata of the north-eastern Atlantic coast, but differs in snout angle, disc length and snout to vent length. Analysis of catch per unit of effort data revealed that the blue stingray exhibits distinct seasonality. Adult and sub-adult fish undertake an annual onshore/offshore migration and invade the inshore region between spring and summer, while juveniles remain offshore and utilize this zone as a nursery area. Length-at-age and growth rates for both sexes were estimated from bands formed seasonally in the vertebral centra. The derived von Bertalanffy growth parameters indicated that females reach a greater asymptotic size (913.8 mm DW) and have a slower growth rate (K = -0.07) than males (531.8 mm DW, K = -0.17). Growth rates of juvenile captive specimens compared favourably with back calculated values, at approximately 65 mm/year, for the first year of growth. Dasyatis marmorata capensis is an aplacental viviparous elasmobranch with a well defined annual breeding cycle. Young are released , at a size of 170-200 mm DW, from October to December after a gestation period of approximately nine months. An average fecundity of 3.07 was calculated . Examination of gonadal development indicated that sexual maturity is first attained at a size of 408 and 500 mm DW in males and females, respectively, corresponding to ages 4.5 and 7 years. Size-related food habits were determined independently from three depth zones. The major prey items for each size class were directly related to the abundance of the infauna of the different depth zones. Polychaeta, amphipoda and stomatopoda were the major prey items in the offshore zone. In the nearshore zone, the dominant prey species were Balanoglossus capensis and Callianassa spp .. The high incidence of empty stomachs and the presence of prey items which occur in greatest abundance beyond the surf zone indicated that this zone is not utilized for the purposes of feeding.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: Cowley, Paul D (Paul Denfer), 1964-
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Stingrays -- Africa, Southern Dasyatidae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001959
- Description: The blue stingray, Dasyatis marmorata capensis is an important recreational shore angling species, especially amongst tournament anglers, in South Africa. The taxonomy and aspects of the biology of this species were investigated from specimens collected between March 1987 and May 1989, from various localities along the southern African coastline. Morphological comparisons were made between Dasyatis pastinaca, Dasyatis marmorata and the local variety. The results indicated that the local variety is different to D. pastinaca in colouration, disc length size, and vertebral and radial counts. The proposed new sub-species Dasyatis marmorata capensis is closest to Dasyatis marmorata of the north-eastern Atlantic coast, but differs in snout angle, disc length and snout to vent length. Analysis of catch per unit of effort data revealed that the blue stingray exhibits distinct seasonality. Adult and sub-adult fish undertake an annual onshore/offshore migration and invade the inshore region between spring and summer, while juveniles remain offshore and utilize this zone as a nursery area. Length-at-age and growth rates for both sexes were estimated from bands formed seasonally in the vertebral centra. The derived von Bertalanffy growth parameters indicated that females reach a greater asymptotic size (913.8 mm DW) and have a slower growth rate (K = -0.07) than males (531.8 mm DW, K = -0.17). Growth rates of juvenile captive specimens compared favourably with back calculated values, at approximately 65 mm/year, for the first year of growth. Dasyatis marmorata capensis is an aplacental viviparous elasmobranch with a well defined annual breeding cycle. Young are released , at a size of 170-200 mm DW, from October to December after a gestation period of approximately nine months. An average fecundity of 3.07 was calculated . Examination of gonadal development indicated that sexual maturity is first attained at a size of 408 and 500 mm DW in males and females, respectively, corresponding to ages 4.5 and 7 years. Size-related food habits were determined independently from three depth zones. The major prey items for each size class were directly related to the abundance of the infauna of the different depth zones. Polychaeta, amphipoda and stomatopoda were the major prey items in the offshore zone. In the nearshore zone, the dominant prey species were Balanoglossus capensis and Callianassa spp .. The high incidence of empty stomachs and the presence of prey items which occur in greatest abundance beyond the surf zone indicated that this zone is not utilized for the purposes of feeding.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
The taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes : Hexanchiformes)
- Authors: Ebert, David A
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Chondrichthyes Hexanchiformes Sharks
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5186 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001962
- Description: This study was undertaken to investigate the taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes: Hexanchiformes). This taxon comprises two families, four genera and six extant species. The hexanchoids are a distinctive group of sharks characterized by six or seven paired gill openings, a single dorsal fin and an anal fin. Adult males of this group lack a siphon sac, but have in its place a clasper sac. This structure, which develops along the claspers, is unique to the Hexanchiformes. Hexanchoid sharks are widely distributed in area and depth. This group ranges from coastal bays and harbors along the open coast out across the continental shelf and down along the slopes to considerable depths. They occur from the equatorial zone to sub-polar regions. However, little is known about the ecology and life history of these sharks. Intraspecific variation of meristic counts were generally low for the Hexanchidae, but high for the Chlamydoselachidae, indicating that subpopulations, subspecies or even additional, new species exist within this family. Based on the indicators used in this study, maturity in male frilled sharks was attained at 916 mm TL, perlon sharks between 700 and 800 mm TL, sixgill sharks approximately 3140 mm TL, bigeyed sixgill sharks at about 1250 mm TL and sevengill sharks at approximately 1550 mm TL. Male reproductive success did not appear to be seasonal since males were found to contain viable sperm all year round. Female perlon sharks begin maturing between 950 mm and 1100 mm TL. Gravid females and newborns were absent from the other size classes and it is suspected that they aggregate in different locations to those of adult males and non-breeding females. Adult females are known at 4210 mm TL and immature at 3500 mm TL, However, a more accurate estimate of the size at maturity is wanting. Newborn sixgills were caught off southern Namibia during mid to late summer over three successive seasons. The occurrence of gravid females carrying term embryos during spring months and newborns during the summer months suggests a late spring or summer pupping period. Sixgill and sevengill sharks give birth in areas of high primary productivity. Energetically, this is advantageous for the newborns to be placed in an area with an abundant food source. The rapid growth rates of sixgill and sevengill sharks over the first year would enhance their survivorship since neither species has many predators. The number of female sevengills entering the breeding population is regulated to ensure that some portion of the population is reproductively active at any one time. The "staggering" of females which enter into the breeding population in any given year indicates a two year reproductive cycle. Fecundity estimates for 19 specimens with a largest egg diameter of at least 40 mm indicates a litter size of 67 to 104. The recapture of an adult female sevengill in approximately the same location in which it was tagged suggests that the same individual sharks may return to the same breeding grounds. As with any predators, sharks tend to exploit advantages over their prey. The hexanchoids, especially the sevengill, have evolved complex foraging strategies including social facilitation whereby they actively hunt in packs for large prey species. Sharks of the order Hexanchiformes, although lacking the diversity of the major shark orders, nonetheless play an integral role in the marine environment. The group's success can be attributed to their apical trophic position. In most habitats in which they occur, hexanchoids have no comparable competitors since equivalent sized sympatric squaloids and carcharhinoids feed at a lower trophic level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: Ebert, David A
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Chondrichthyes Hexanchiformes Sharks
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5186 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001962
- Description: This study was undertaken to investigate the taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes: Hexanchiformes). This taxon comprises two families, four genera and six extant species. The hexanchoids are a distinctive group of sharks characterized by six or seven paired gill openings, a single dorsal fin and an anal fin. Adult males of this group lack a siphon sac, but have in its place a clasper sac. This structure, which develops along the claspers, is unique to the Hexanchiformes. Hexanchoid sharks are widely distributed in area and depth. This group ranges from coastal bays and harbors along the open coast out across the continental shelf and down along the slopes to considerable depths. They occur from the equatorial zone to sub-polar regions. However, little is known about the ecology and life history of these sharks. Intraspecific variation of meristic counts were generally low for the Hexanchidae, but high for the Chlamydoselachidae, indicating that subpopulations, subspecies or even additional, new species exist within this family. Based on the indicators used in this study, maturity in male frilled sharks was attained at 916 mm TL, perlon sharks between 700 and 800 mm TL, sixgill sharks approximately 3140 mm TL, bigeyed sixgill sharks at about 1250 mm TL and sevengill sharks at approximately 1550 mm TL. Male reproductive success did not appear to be seasonal since males were found to contain viable sperm all year round. Female perlon sharks begin maturing between 950 mm and 1100 mm TL. Gravid females and newborns were absent from the other size classes and it is suspected that they aggregate in different locations to those of adult males and non-breeding females. Adult females are known at 4210 mm TL and immature at 3500 mm TL, However, a more accurate estimate of the size at maturity is wanting. Newborn sixgills were caught off southern Namibia during mid to late summer over three successive seasons. The occurrence of gravid females carrying term embryos during spring months and newborns during the summer months suggests a late spring or summer pupping period. Sixgill and sevengill sharks give birth in areas of high primary productivity. Energetically, this is advantageous for the newborns to be placed in an area with an abundant food source. The rapid growth rates of sixgill and sevengill sharks over the first year would enhance their survivorship since neither species has many predators. The number of female sevengills entering the breeding population is regulated to ensure that some portion of the population is reproductively active at any one time. The "staggering" of females which enter into the breeding population in any given year indicates a two year reproductive cycle. Fecundity estimates for 19 specimens with a largest egg diameter of at least 40 mm indicates a litter size of 67 to 104. The recapture of an adult female sevengill in approximately the same location in which it was tagged suggests that the same individual sharks may return to the same breeding grounds. As with any predators, sharks tend to exploit advantages over their prey. The hexanchoids, especially the sevengill, have evolved complex foraging strategies including social facilitation whereby they actively hunt in packs for large prey species. Sharks of the order Hexanchiformes, although lacking the diversity of the major shark orders, nonetheless play an integral role in the marine environment. The group's success can be attributed to their apical trophic position. In most habitats in which they occur, hexanchoids have no comparable competitors since equivalent sized sympatric squaloids and carcharhinoids feed at a lower trophic level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
The uses of transactional analysis in theatre practice : inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University
- Authors: James, Sydney
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Transactional analysis , Theater -- Production and direction , Theater -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:642 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020711 , ISBN 0868102067
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: James, Sydney
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Transactional analysis , Theater -- Production and direction , Theater -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:642 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020711 , ISBN 0868102067
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
Towards a spirituality for authentic liberation in South Africa
- Authors: Pretorius, Jacques Gerhard
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Church of the Province of Southern Africa , Liberation theology -- South Africa , Latin American -- Church history -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1214 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001543
- Description: A spirituality which facilitates authentic liberation is one which intuits the evolutive nature of human development. Justice and compassion are biblical descriptions of a liberation effected by the Holy Spirit in and through persons. The development of persons towards being able to embrace such qualities is set within three interconnected paradigms: a theological paradigm, a psychological paradigm, and a socio-historical paradigm. The theological paradigm sees the creative process as continuing an evolutive movement towards the wholeness of persons, society and the cosmos. Within this, persons are defined as created co-creators with God, and are given the responsibility of participating in the process which will achieve this goal. This paradigm is reflected in the works of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin concerning the evolution of consciousness within each material form, towards union in God. The psychological paradigm suggests that the evolution of consciousness within persons gives rise to the probability of the emergence of levels of consciousness capable of initiating and sustaining the manifestation of justice and compassion. In this evolutive process a boundary is perceived by persons between the ego-body as 'self' and the environment as 'not-self'. This boundary prohibits the emergence of the qualities of justice and compassion in human consciousness. The developmental process is constituted by the integration of the 'not-self' into the 'self' at each stage, facilitating the emergence of a consciousness which takes responsibility for the environment as 'self'. The socio-historical paradigm is defined by the perspectives on the world held by the poor. The spirituality emerging from within this paradigm is initiated through encounter with Jesus. It is concretized in a preferential option for the empowerment of the poor, which facilitates and sustains the integration of 'self' and the environment. An examination of the Latin American base Christian communities shows the characteristics of Church life and structure which facilitate the Church becoming the locus of development towards authentic personal and social liberation. The structure of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa is evaluated in this light, in order to encourage clergy and laity to rise towards their full personhood in God.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: Pretorius, Jacques Gerhard
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Church of the Province of Southern Africa , Liberation theology -- South Africa , Latin American -- Church history -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1214 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001543
- Description: A spirituality which facilitates authentic liberation is one which intuits the evolutive nature of human development. Justice and compassion are biblical descriptions of a liberation effected by the Holy Spirit in and through persons. The development of persons towards being able to embrace such qualities is set within three interconnected paradigms: a theological paradigm, a psychological paradigm, and a socio-historical paradigm. The theological paradigm sees the creative process as continuing an evolutive movement towards the wholeness of persons, society and the cosmos. Within this, persons are defined as created co-creators with God, and are given the responsibility of participating in the process which will achieve this goal. This paradigm is reflected in the works of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin concerning the evolution of consciousness within each material form, towards union in God. The psychological paradigm suggests that the evolution of consciousness within persons gives rise to the probability of the emergence of levels of consciousness capable of initiating and sustaining the manifestation of justice and compassion. In this evolutive process a boundary is perceived by persons between the ego-body as 'self' and the environment as 'not-self'. This boundary prohibits the emergence of the qualities of justice and compassion in human consciousness. The developmental process is constituted by the integration of the 'not-self' into the 'self' at each stage, facilitating the emergence of a consciousness which takes responsibility for the environment as 'self'. The socio-historical paradigm is defined by the perspectives on the world held by the poor. The spirituality emerging from within this paradigm is initiated through encounter with Jesus. It is concretized in a preferential option for the empowerment of the poor, which facilitates and sustains the integration of 'self' and the environment. An examination of the Latin American base Christian communities shows the characteristics of Church life and structure which facilitate the Church becoming the locus of development towards authentic personal and social liberation. The structure of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa is evaluated in this light, in order to encourage clergy and laity to rise towards their full personhood in God.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
Tribute to the late Davadoss
- EIMWU
- Authors: EIMWU
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Engineering Industrial and Mining Workers Union (EIMWU)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162344 , vital:40921
- Description: To my knowledge the author of this adage was Brother Davadoss. Better known to many, far and wide, as “DAVVY”. Lesley Davadoss was one of nine children of a working class family. Grew up and spent his formative years in Bokmakierie, Athlone. Devout in his Catholic upbringing, later to be ordained as a Deacon at St. Mary of the Angels. Lesley was a very sincere person who concerned himself with the needs of the Community, which naturally resulted in his involvement at the Company where he worked with the problems of his workmates. Along with other like thinking persons, he formed the E.I.W.U. in the Cape, holding meetings at his home in Kayter Road Crawford. The Branch in Durban, along with the Cape Town Branch formed E.I.W.U.S.A.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: EIMWU
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Engineering Industrial and Mining Workers Union (EIMWU)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162344 , vital:40921
- Description: To my knowledge the author of this adage was Brother Davadoss. Better known to many, far and wide, as “DAVVY”. Lesley Davadoss was one of nine children of a working class family. Grew up and spent his formative years in Bokmakierie, Athlone. Devout in his Catholic upbringing, later to be ordained as a Deacon at St. Mary of the Angels. Lesley was a very sincere person who concerned himself with the needs of the Community, which naturally resulted in his involvement at the Company where he worked with the problems of his workmates. Along with other like thinking persons, he formed the E.I.W.U. in the Cape, holding meetings at his home in Kayter Road Crawford. The Branch in Durban, along with the Cape Town Branch formed E.I.W.U.S.A.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
Up Beat Issue Number 5 1990
- SACHED
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118946 , vital:34685
- Description: Mbulelois 14 and Adelaide is 12. They live in Pabaleilo, a township outside Upington. They have not seen their mother, Evelina de Bruyn, for more than a year. They would love to see her. But they can’t. She is far away in a jail in Pretoria, waiting to die. Evelina was one of the accused in the Upington 25 murdertrial. In May 1989, Evelina, her husband Gideon Madlongolwane and 11 other people from Pabaleilo were sentenced to death for the ‘common purpose murder’ of Lucas Sethwala, a policeman. The judge said that Evelina de Bruyn did not actually take part in the physical attack on Lucas Setwala. B ut she was part of the crowd that marched on to the policeman’s house and killed him. The crowd had a ‘common purpose’, and that was to kill the policeman. And so Evelina was sentenced to death. Many people think that the idea of a common purpose is wrong. Father Mkhatswa of the Human Rights Commission told Upbeat that people criticise this law because it is so serious. ‘In mass funerals or meetings thousands of people come together. When violence starts you can’t say that people planned the action. People are angry and upset. Also, how do you decide who was involved? Everyone present cannot be responsible.’
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118946 , vital:34685
- Description: Mbulelois 14 and Adelaide is 12. They live in Pabaleilo, a township outside Upington. They have not seen their mother, Evelina de Bruyn, for more than a year. They would love to see her. But they can’t. She is far away in a jail in Pretoria, waiting to die. Evelina was one of the accused in the Upington 25 murdertrial. In May 1989, Evelina, her husband Gideon Madlongolwane and 11 other people from Pabaleilo were sentenced to death for the ‘common purpose murder’ of Lucas Sethwala, a policeman. The judge said that Evelina de Bruyn did not actually take part in the physical attack on Lucas Setwala. B ut she was part of the crowd that marched on to the policeman’s house and killed him. The crowd had a ‘common purpose’, and that was to kill the policeman. And so Evelina was sentenced to death. Many people think that the idea of a common purpose is wrong. Father Mkhatswa of the Human Rights Commission told Upbeat that people criticise this law because it is so serious. ‘In mass funerals or meetings thousands of people come together. When violence starts you can’t say that people planned the action. People are angry and upset. Also, how do you decide who was involved? Everyone present cannot be responsible.’
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
Up Beat Issue Number 7 1990
- SACHED
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118997 , vital:34691
- Description: TB (tuberculosis) is a very serious sickness. It affects your lungs and other parts of your body. About 20 people die of TB every day in South Africa. And every year about 62 000 get the TB virus. In Alexandra township alone, 320 cases were recorded between January and May this year. Four people died from the disease. Doctors and social workers say things like overcrowding, unemployment, low wages and unhealthy dumping grounds cause TB. Most people who suffer from TB are black. Apartheid should be blamed for this. Many organisations, like SAYCO, Cosatu and Earthlife, have started to campaign for a clean and healthy environment. They want people to know how important it is to breathe clean air, drink clean water and eat clean food. We should work with our organisations to save ourselves and others from sickness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118997 , vital:34691
- Description: TB (tuberculosis) is a very serious sickness. It affects your lungs and other parts of your body. About 20 people die of TB every day in South Africa. And every year about 62 000 get the TB virus. In Alexandra township alone, 320 cases were recorded between January and May this year. Four people died from the disease. Doctors and social workers say things like overcrowding, unemployment, low wages and unhealthy dumping grounds cause TB. Most people who suffer from TB are black. Apartheid should be blamed for this. Many organisations, like SAYCO, Cosatu and Earthlife, have started to campaign for a clean and healthy environment. They want people to know how important it is to breathe clean air, drink clean water and eat clean food. We should work with our organisations to save ourselves and others from sickness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
Up Beat Issue Number 8 1990
- SACHED
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116547 , vital:34399
- Description: In July this year, 180 rural communities in the Natal Midlands received very good news. For more than 40 years the government has threatened 160 000 people living in Matiwane’s Kop, Steincoalspruit, Cornfields, Stoffelton, Roosboom and Thenbalihle with forced removal. The government told them that they couldn’t live there. This area was for whites only. But the communities said they wouldn’t go. They had been living in this area for many years. In fact, their families had been living there for more than 200 years. So they decided to fight to stay. Early this year, community leaders met in Pietermaritzburg. They launched a campaign against the forced removal. They also sent a long letter to the Minister of Cooperation and Development. A few months later, the community leaders announced their victory to their communities. The government had backed down. They were not going to force the people to move.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116547 , vital:34399
- Description: In July this year, 180 rural communities in the Natal Midlands received very good news. For more than 40 years the government has threatened 160 000 people living in Matiwane’s Kop, Steincoalspruit, Cornfields, Stoffelton, Roosboom and Thenbalihle with forced removal. The government told them that they couldn’t live there. This area was for whites only. But the communities said they wouldn’t go. They had been living in this area for many years. In fact, their families had been living there for more than 200 years. So they decided to fight to stay. Early this year, community leaders met in Pietermaritzburg. They launched a campaign against the forced removal. They also sent a long letter to the Minister of Cooperation and Development. A few months later, the community leaders announced their victory to their communities. The government had backed down. They were not going to force the people to move.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
Wage negotiations: some practival information
- Trade Union Research Project (TURP)
- Authors: Trade Union Research Project (TURP)
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Wage distribution -- South Africa , Wages and labour productivity
- Language: English
- Type: book , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60029 , vital:27724
- Description: The intention of this booklet is to assist unionists, shop stewards and organisers with preparation for wage negotiations. It raises ideas on how to deal with the common arguments that are used by management. This booklet is not a complete guide to wage negotiations. It concentrates mainly on economic factors which form only one part of wage negotiations. The handbook is divided into two sections. Section One deals with: Information about ownership, control and structure of South African companies; How to read and understand the information in a company’s annual report. Section Two deals with wage-related issues and it includes: Inflation; Subsistence levels and other surveys; Wages and wage policy. The booklet concludes with a checklist of information needed by wage negotiators and ends with a glossary of terms and a reference list.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: Trade Union Research Project (TURP)
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Wage distribution -- South Africa , Wages and labour productivity
- Language: English
- Type: book , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60029 , vital:27724
- Description: The intention of this booklet is to assist unionists, shop stewards and organisers with preparation for wage negotiations. It raises ideas on how to deal with the common arguments that are used by management. This booklet is not a complete guide to wage negotiations. It concentrates mainly on economic factors which form only one part of wage negotiations. The handbook is divided into two sections. Section One deals with: Information about ownership, control and structure of South African companies; How to read and understand the information in a company’s annual report. Section Two deals with wage-related issues and it includes: Inflation; Subsistence levels and other surveys; Wages and wage policy. The booklet concludes with a checklist of information needed by wage negotiators and ends with a glossary of terms and a reference list.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990