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A study of coeval sibling cannibalism in larval and juvenile fishes and its control under culture conditions

- Pienaar, Anthony Graham

  • Authors: Pienaar, Anthony Graham
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: Fishes -- Behavior , Fishes -- Larvae , Fish culture
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:5781 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005469 , Fishes -- Behavior , Fishes -- Larvae , Fish culture
  • Description: The primary objective of this study was to examine environmental parameters thought to affect cannibalism in certain fish species. It was found that environmental, behavioural, genetic and physiological factors all affect cannibalism in the species exhibiting the phenomenon. The diversity of factors nfluencing cannibalism served to illustrate the complexity of this behaviour pattern. Feeding to satiation was found to suppress cannibalism in catfish, trout and koi carp. High population densities were found to increase the rate of cannibalism, thereby acting as a population regulation mechanism for catfish, trout and the common and koi carps. Live food, as compared with dry pelletized feed was found to significantly suppress cannibalistic aggression. Catfish grown in total darkness, provided with refuges and living in turbid conditions were found to exhibit lowered cannibalistic and territorial aggression. Various lines of evidence suggested that cannibalism has a genetic basis, as was shown by the differences in cannibalistic behaviour of the two strains of Cyprinus carpio, viz. common and koi carp, with cannibalism being higher in the latter. This finding substantiates the hypothesis that cannibalism is genetically controlled and therefore open to evolutionary change. It is concluded that cannibalism is adaptive in times of food limitation, but that it is merely a by-product of normal feeding behaviour when food is abundant. Since cannibalism is advantageous and thus adaptive, the question arises ai to whether selection is occurring at the individual or the population level (or both). It was concluded that it is acting at the individual level, and that any benefits accruing at the population level iv were simply the effect of the initial cause, viz. individual selection. One of the aims of this study was to determine whether cannibalistic tendencies in fish are influenced by differing life history style trajectories. Based on the results of this study it is hypothesized that cannibalism is an r-selected trait. wi th the understanding gained from the knowl edge of the fundamental principles governing cannibalism, certain recommendations for its control in fish culture could be made. It is, however, imperative that further intensive studies be carried out to understand more fully this complex subject. General "rules" for regulating cannibalism could be helpful for any given cannibalistic species. However, in considering the differing life-history styles of each species, it becomes evident that species-specific guidelines need to be worked out. Until then, any suggestions for cannibalistic control offered to the aquaculturist can only serve as unrefined tools.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1990

Unbroken sequence of umngqungqo song

- Ngqoko married women villagers, Tracey, Andrew T N

Acquaintance Rape - When the rapist is someone you know

- ICASA

  • Authors: ICASA
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: ICASA
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148552 , vital:38749
  • Description: Acquaintance rape is forced sexual contact by someone who knows you. The rapist may be a date, neighbor, friend, boss, colleague, delivery person or repair worker. The risk of a woman being sexually assaulted by an acquaintance is four times greater than her risk of being raped by a stranger. Women ranging in age from 15 to 24 are the primary acquaintance rape victims. Recent studies show that junior high school girls are also at great risk. Date rape is the most common form of acquaintance rape. Sexual assault, including acquaintance rape, also happens to men; men can be sexually exploited by other men or by women. Women can also be sexually exploited by other women. This brochure refers to the victim as “she” and the offender as “he” since most victims are female and most offenders are male. However, most of the information applies to male victims as well as female victims. As with all sexual assault victims, the acquaintance rape victim suffers physical and emotional trauma. She has been physically and emotionally violated, and she needs support. Sexual assault centers help victims cope with medical, legal and emotional needs after sexual assault. This brochure has been prepared by the Illinois Coalition Against Sexual Assault to help you learn more about this crime and where to get help if you are a victim. There are sexual assault centers throughout the state of Illinois; the list on the last page tells where these programs are located.
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  • Date Issued: 1990

Enrichment strategies for gifted English first language (HG) pupils at the senior secondary level : a critical evaluation of a programme implemented at Grey Boys' High School, Port Elizabeth, 1986-1988

- Cunningham, Gregory Mark

  • Authors: Cunningham, Gregory Mark
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Gifted children -- Education (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Gifted children -- Education -- Research
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:1510 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003392
  • Description: Programmes developed specifically for the gifted and talented pupil are not a novel idea. Yet, by comparison, the history of gifted education is a brief one. Highly gifted and talented pupils often have difficulty being challenged in a conventional classroom situation. Since classroom instruction is usually designed for the benefit of pupils who function at the level of the majority of their peer age-group, this teaching, no matter how well done, may not be appropriate for the extremely gifted pupil whose abilities differ greatly from this group. Even special programmes for gifted and talented students may be designed for a broad group of gifted students and may not meet the specific needs of the gifted child, especially ones with a special intellectual talent. While it is important to bear aspects such as the characteristics of giftedness and the attributes of the talented individual in mind, the basis of this dissertation examines what enrichment and acceleration strategies may be utilised by the English First Language (HG) teacher when presented with a preselected group of pupils who are gifted in English, utilising a composite gifted educational model as a mechanism for the development of this specific programme.
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  • Date Issued: 1990

Ungibethela ntoni

- Ngqoko young villagers, Tracey, Andrew T N

The rise of the French organ symphony with special reference to the works of Alexandre Guilmant and Charles-Marie Widor

- Johnson, Bruce Richard

  • Authors: Johnson, Bruce Richard
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: Guilmant, Alexandre, 1837-1911 Widor, Charles-Marie, 1844-1937 Organ music -- History and criticism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:2643 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002308
  • Description: This thesis on the Rise of the French Organ Symphony refers especially to the relevant works of Alexandre Guilmant and Charles-Marie Widor. It commences with a survey of the historical background, dealing with the development of French organ music from the 16th to 19th Century and the development of organ building in France from the 17th to 19th Century. It then proceeds to descriptions of the organs of St Clotilde, La Trinité and St Sulpice Churches in Paris, which are followed by biographical profiles of Cesar Franck, Alexandre Guilmant and Charles-Marie Widor, respectively. The major part of the thesis is devoted to a detailed analysis of the organ sonatas of Guilmant and the organ symphonies of Widor, which are discussed from the point of their cyclic outline and aspects of form and of style. The final chapter summarises the major findings of the analytical research and evaluates by comparative method, the merits and achievements of the two composers. In addition, Appendices are attached, providing specifications of various French organs and pictorial material relevant to the thesis. A separate cassette tape features characteristic sounds of Cavailie-Coll organs.
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  • Date Issued: 1990

Household, production and the organisation of cooperative labour in Shixini, Transkei

- Heron, Gavin Stewart

  • Authors: Heron, Gavin Stewart
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: Xhosa (African people) , Agriculture -- South Africa -- Transkei , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa -- Transkei , Cooperative societies -- South Africa -- Transkei
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2109 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007448 , Xhosa (African people) , Agriculture -- South Africa -- Transkei , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa -- Transkei , Cooperative societies -- South Africa -- Transkei
  • Description: Incidences of cooperation in agricultural activity are widespread phenomena in low-income third world communities. Two forms of cooperative labour groupings are identified in Shixini, Transkei . These are the work party and the ploughing company. It is argued that different organisational principles operate in the different cooperative forms. Work parties are based on principles of neighbourhood whi Ie ploughing companies are organised around kinship relationships. Factors which determine the principle of organisation are social values; the wider South African economic system; ecology; reciprocity; the constitution and structure of the household; economic differentiation; and labour demand and supply. The dissertation is divided into five chapters. The first is an overview of the Shixini social, economic and political systems. This chapter discusses the influence of the wider South African politico-economic system on agricultural production; the Shixini!Transkei political context; kinship and its relation to social organisation; and the likely effects of an agricultural 'betterment' scheme on the area. The second chapter is an overview of agricultural production in Shixini. It is found that the most significant determinants of agricultural production is the structure and constitution of the household and the way in which stock is distributed in the community. The third and fourth chapters describe and analyse Xhosa work parties and ploughing companies . Argument is lead as to the reasons for the specific organisational principles operating in each case. The penultimate chapter is an analysis of sacred and secular ritual. It is argued that both ritual forms reveal cooperative principles of organisation. Secular ritual dramatises the organisation of work parties while sacred ritual dramatises kinship relationships and so, the organisation of ploughing companies. , KMBT_363
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  • Date Issued: 1990

Ihule lendoda

- Ngqoko married women villagers, Tracey, Andrew T N

Title not specified

- Ngqoko young villagers, Tracey, Andrew T N

Ndoyika

- Ngqoko young villagers, Tracey, Andrew T N

The Eucharist and history

- Paterson, Torquil John Macleod

  • Authors: Paterson, Torquil John Macleod
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: Lord's Supper , History -- Religious aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:1311 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018262
  • Description: The thesis delineates an existential view of history, in which the eternal is defined as the ground of authentic human life which underlies true historical action. The historical is the manifestation of the eternal in the unique moment, and redefines the ahistorical conditions of human life. The ahistorical is the social and ideological conditioning of all human knowledge, usually presented in terms of various kinds of myth and ritual . The ahistorical contains both good and bad elements, but always has the tendency to become oppressive and is therefore constantly in conflict with the historical. The life of Jesus is described as the perfect expression of the eternal in true historical action, by which he came into conflict with the ahistorical of his society, as expressed in his death. By his resurrection, his life breaks the limitations of time and becomes transformative enabling all subsequent historical action. The eucharist is described as engaging with each of these dimensions of our existence. By being itself a ritual action containing a myth, the eucharist has an ahistorical form and therefore easily engages with the ahistorical dimensions of society. However, without a constant dialogue with the historical, the eucharist, as an ahistorical medium, can become allied to the dominant forces of society and become a means of oppression. The eucharist has at its centre the remembrance of the historical action of Jesus. True historical action in the present will result from a proper hermeneutic of the gospels. The eucharistic anamnesis must be regarded as part of the wider search for a relevant contemporary christology. The eucharist remembers the Last Supper, which is a parable of the whole life of Jesus and a prelude to his death and is a sacrifice in that it has a sacrificial form, and leads to our historical action, which will usually take the form of a conflict with the ahistorical and have sacrificial dimensions. The eternal only becomes present in our historical action, but the eucharist, by uniting us with the transforming power of the death and resurrection of Jesus, is a powerful aid to such action. The eucharist also provides the opportunity for resonances between Jesus and the ground of our being, thus enabling deep shifts of attitude and consciousness. Three fundamental prerequisites for human life are isolated and related to the eucharist: belonging, nurturing and giving. In order for the eucharist to ennable historical action is must hold these dimensions in tension. In its actual form it does this through the balance between the Words of Institution and the Epiclesis, which, in turn, provide the christological ground of the eucharist and relate this to the present through a particular pneumatology. The real presence is described by the thesis in a way which connects the eucharistic presence with the historical Jesus and leads to our historical action. Finally, some consequences of the thesis for Eucharistic practice are suggested. The relationship between the ahistorical form of the eucharist and the anamnesis is important. In this way the eucharist objectifies the ahistorical, reflects on this in terms of the historical action of Jesus, and reforms the ahistorical by modelling a response. This should lead to a more authentic expression of the eternal in the contemporary world
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  • Date Issued: 1990

The role of the marriage counsellor in a Xhosa community: an exploratory-descriptive study

- Phorie, Constancia Lineo

  • Authors: Phorie, Constancia Lineo
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: Marriage counselling -- South Africa Xhosa (African people) -- Marriage customs and rites Marriage customs Family
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
  • Identifier: vital:686 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002011
  • Description: The focus of this study is on the role the marriage counsellor should play in the Black community. This role is being placed in sharp perspective as a result of social change affecting the Black family. Problem-solving, including marriage counselling has traditionally been done by the extended family. This role of the family as a natural support system has been weakened by factors such as urbanization and Westernisation. This has prompted Black couples experiencing in particular marriage problems to make use of professional marriage counselling services from specialised and other welfare agencies. A major problem in the rendering of professional counselling services is that they are to a great extent based on Western civilization as far as basic philosophy and underlying assumptions are concerned. Thus intervention modalities used for marital problems in the Black community do not address the real needs of the people. The main objective of this study was to investigate how marriage counselling services are perceived in the Black community. It is expected that research findings would assist the helping professions make the necessary adjustments to make marriage counselling approaches more relevant to problems experienced in married life in the Black community. The study revealed that the family in the Black community is still regarded as the main problem-solver although people do go beyond the family for assistance. The nuclear family has also started to emerge in the Black community and bonds to the bigger family systems are beginning to loosen. The research findings indicated clearly that there is a need for professional marriage counselling and that services of this nature should be extended further into the Black community. A problem in this regard however is that the community will have to be educated to use these services
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  • Date Issued: 1990

Latshon'ilanga

- Ngqoko married women villagers, Tracey, Andrew T N

Die verhouding tussen literêre teorie en kritiek in die Afrikaanse literêre sisteem binne die sg. "nuwe paradigma" aan die hand van gekose figure Marianne de Jong, Joan Hambidge en Gerrit Olivier

- Mudzanani, Nndanduleni Bethuel

  • Authors: Mudzanani, Nndanduleni Bethuel
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: Olivier, Gerrit, 1954- , Hambidge, Joan, 1956- , De Jong, Marianne , Afrikaans literature -- History and criticism , Afrikaans literature -- Criticism and interpretation
  • Language: Afrikaans
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:3599 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002174 , Olivier, Gerrit, 1954- , Hambidge, Joan, 1956- , De Jong, Marianne , Afrikaans literature -- History and criticism , Afrikaans literature -- Criticism and interpretation
  • Description: Currently, in the period of Poststructualism literature is widely approached as a cultural and social phenomenon and the aims of literary studies as the illuminating of social codes, ideology etc. embedded in literature. This study evaluates the contribution of specific critics working within the so-called "New paradigm". The concept "New paradigm" is used as an umbrella term covering a number of distinct developments, referring to literature as a system of literary "actions" rather than as a canon of books. In recent years several Afrikaans critics have embraced or adapted current theories in the domains of Deconstruction, Ideology Criticism, Literary, Sociology, Recepticm Aesthetics, Semiotics and Feminism. This study explores and evaluates the application of such theoretical paradigms to their work in the field of practical criticism. This study also explores the relationship between current theories of literature and their antecedents. The notion of current literary theory and practice not only as a broadening of scope and content of the notion of the "literary" but on the other hand as a liberation of theory and practice from an over-deterministic thrust (i.e. the approach of literature as no more than a set of social documents) is also evaluated in this study. A twofold aim of this study can thus be defined: a. to determine the extent to which the shift from the "old" to "new" theories was made necessary by the developing literary and social scene; b. to examine the links beween theory and practice in the work of specific, key figures in Afrikaans. Is it possible for theory and practice to be separated? Is there an important consistence in the relationship between the two in the work of the figures chosen?
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  • Date Issued: 1990

Metalworkers prepare to Fight for a Living Wage

- NUMSA

  • Authors: NUMSA
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: NUMSA
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110675 , vital:33321
  • Description: The NUMSA 1990 Living Wage Campaign is starting to move. After a slow start NUMSA members are gearing up for the big fight. We are going through big changes in South Africa. We want to tell the bosses and De Klerk: the workers will never end the struggle lor a Living Wage, jobs for all, houses for all, proper health care for all. De Klerk must meet our demands. We want to end the system that gives the bosses freedom to exploit workers. Our battle cry this year is: Our Industry, Our Country, Forward to Workers' Control. In February this year NUMSA/Es National Bargaining Conference set-out the workers demand.
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  • Date Issued: 1990

Marikebo

- Kambazite Makorekore, Mang'anja men, Tracey, Andrew T N

A chemical investigation of Tulbaghia Violacea

- Burton, Stephanie Gail

  • Authors: Burton, Stephanie Gail
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: Liliaceae , Plants -- Analysis
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:4528 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015725
  • Description: Tulbaghia violacea, a member of the family Alliaceae is indigenous to the Eastern Cape and is widely used as a herbal remedy for various febrile and gastro-enteric ailments, particularly in young children. Adverse effects, and even fatalities, have been reported following treatment with the plant extract. The project has involved synthesis of model compounds, chromatographic analysis of flavonoid and other constituents of the plant, and examination of the volatile components. Some fifteen flavones were synthesised as chromatographic models and in the course of this work, the development of a new method for synthesis of carboxylic anhydrides was completed. Use of the flavone standards permitted identification of the flavonols kaempferol and quercetin in hydrolysed glycosidic plant extracts. In addition, several sugars were identified, viz., D-glucose, D-fructose, L-arabinose and D-galactose as free sugars, and D-glucose, D-galactose , 1-rhamnose, D- fucose, D-xylose, 1-arabinose and D-fructose as glycosidic sugars, by g.l.c. and g. c. - m. s. analysis of derivatives of isolated sugar mixtures. The presence in the plant extracts of steroidal saponins was also demonstrated. The sulphur compounds, 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane-2,2-dioxide and 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane were isolated from the plant and characterised spectroscopically. This result, together with analysis of volatiles from the plant, has led to a proposal concerning the nature and origin of sulphur compounds in Tulbaghia violacea, showing close correlation with the sulphur compounds in Allium species. Investigation of the biological activity of Tulbaghia violacea extracts showed bacteriostatic activity, particularly of extracts which had not been heated, and which had been prepared from mature plants. Treatment of isolated smooth muscle preparations with Tulbaghia violacea extracts indicated the presence of a β-adrenergic agonist having an inhibitory effect on normal muscle contraction. The results of the investigations indicate that while there may be some basis for use of the plant as an antibacterial, or to treat colic, the adverse effects, caused possibly by the sulphur compounds and/or steroidal saponins present, may override the beneficial effects.
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  • Date Issued: 1990

Mwayambana ndimu

- Z. Chimozi, Tracey, Andrew T N

An investigation into some of the problems affecting the teaching and learning of biochemistry in Transkei Colleges of Education

- Qokweni, Patiswa

  • Authors: Qokweni, Patiswa
  • Date: 1990
  • Subjects: Biochemistry -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Transkei
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:1350 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001416
  • Description: The study investigated some of the problems experienced in the teaching and learning of biochemistry - a section in the Senior Certificate biology syllabus - in the Transkei Colleges of Education. Biochemistry is often labelled a difficult area, therefore, the study was an attempt to identify the problems encountered by biology teachers and lecturers in teaching biochemistry and by student-teachers in learning it. Questionnaires were admlninistered to final-year biology major student-teachers in the colleges, and to the biology teachers and college lecturers. Examiners and subject advisers for biology were interviewed. The questionnaires required the respondents to identify the following: 1. Areas of biochemistry they find difficult. 2. Areas of biochemistry they find easy to understand. 3. Possible reasons for the students' poor performance in biochemistry. 4. Possible suggestions for improvement. The student-teachers were further given a concept test to test their understanding of the concept 'photosynthesis'. After analysing the data, the findings were used to make some recommendations, in an attempt to improve the teaching of biochemistry by the teachers and lecturers and of the learning of biochemistry by the students
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  • Date Issued: 1990

Nyanga panpipe music

- Tracey, Andrew T N

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