The FAWU Research Unit
- Food and Allied Workers' Union
- Authors: Food and Allied Workers' Union
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , pamphlet
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/106408 , vital:32649
- Description: The FAWU research unit has been operating in the Head Office since 1998. It has established a resource centre and has two people working in it at this time - Thandi Yoli and Viva Mtai. The unit was jointly conceived in 1996/97 by FAWU and the Labour Research Service (LRS). The relationship between the two organisations continues presently, and will last until the research unit is properly established and resourced within FAWU's head office. The LRS successfully applied for funding for the project in 1996/97 from the FNV-Holland. This money goes to paying the salaries and overhead costs incurred by the LRS for providing a senior researcher (Reza Daniels) to supervise and establish the research unit in FAWU. It is a three-year project and we are currently in the third year of the project. We are, however, going to apply for an extension of the project (to the FNV-Holland) so that it is completed by the end of the year 2000. The original aim of the project in 1996 was to assist FAWU to increase its bargaining capacity by developing a research unit that was targeted to producing sectoral reports that could assist the bargaining department. It was felt that FAWU lacked the research capacity to fully support its bargaining structures because of several factors.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Food and Allied Workers' Union
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , pamphlet
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/106408 , vital:32649
- Description: The FAWU research unit has been operating in the Head Office since 1998. It has established a resource centre and has two people working in it at this time - Thandi Yoli and Viva Mtai. The unit was jointly conceived in 1996/97 by FAWU and the Labour Research Service (LRS). The relationship between the two organisations continues presently, and will last until the research unit is properly established and resourced within FAWU's head office. The LRS successfully applied for funding for the project in 1996/97 from the FNV-Holland. This money goes to paying the salaries and overhead costs incurred by the LRS for providing a senior researcher (Reza Daniels) to supervise and establish the research unit in FAWU. It is a three-year project and we are currently in the third year of the project. We are, however, going to apply for an extension of the project (to the FNV-Holland) so that it is completed by the end of the year 2000. The original aim of the project in 1996 was to assist FAWU to increase its bargaining capacity by developing a research unit that was targeted to producing sectoral reports that could assist the bargaining department. It was felt that FAWU lacked the research capacity to fully support its bargaining structures because of several factors.
- Full Text:
The human skin-blanching assay for in vitro topical corticosteroid assessment. I. Reproducibility of the assay
- Haigh, John M, Meyer, Eric, Smith, Eric W, Kanfer, Isadore
- Authors: Haigh, John M , Meyer, Eric , Smith, Eric W , Kanfer, Isadore
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6381 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006299
- Description: The human skin blanching (vasoconstriction) assay for the assessment of topical corticosteroids has been in use for over 30 years, the intensity of the drug-induced blanching being assessed subjectively by eye. Both arms of several male and female volunteers are used for product application and more than one observer is used to estimate the degree of induced blanching. There are, therefore, numerous variables which are inherent in the assay procedure. This investigation consisted of three identical trials performed at 8-week intervals, utilising the same 18 volunteers and the same three observers in an attempt to address the question of reproducibility of the assay. From the results obtained it is clear that the assay methodology is capable of consistently distinguishing, on a rank order basis, between preparations which show similar blanching (chemically-equivalent formulations). The similarity of the results for the three individual trials gives considerable confidence to results produced using this methodology. An experiment designed to test the reproducibility of the blanching scores showed that the observers are capable of producing identical results even though visual observation is highly subjective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
- Authors: Haigh, John M , Meyer, Eric , Smith, Eric W , Kanfer, Isadore
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6381 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006299
- Description: The human skin blanching (vasoconstriction) assay for the assessment of topical corticosteroids has been in use for over 30 years, the intensity of the drug-induced blanching being assessed subjectively by eye. Both arms of several male and female volunteers are used for product application and more than one observer is used to estimate the degree of induced blanching. There are, therefore, numerous variables which are inherent in the assay procedure. This investigation consisted of three identical trials performed at 8-week intervals, utilising the same 18 volunteers and the same three observers in an attempt to address the question of reproducibility of the assay. From the results obtained it is clear that the assay methodology is capable of consistently distinguishing, on a rank order basis, between preparations which show similar blanching (chemically-equivalent formulations). The similarity of the results for the three individual trials gives considerable confidence to results produced using this methodology. An experiment designed to test the reproducibility of the blanching scores showed that the observers are capable of producing identical results even though visual observation is highly subjective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
The impact of illustrated side effect information on understanding and sustained retention of antiretroviral side effect knowledge:
- Browne, Sara H, Barford, Kirsty-Lee, Ramela, Thato, Dowse, Roslind
- Authors: Browne, Sara H , Barford, Kirsty-Lee , Ramela, Thato , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156341 , vital:39980 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.05.012
- Description: Prompt management of side effects is critical to supporting adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) medication. This study examines the impact of presenting side effect information using simple text combined with pictograms on sustained knowledge of ARV side effects over three months. Previously designed side effect pictograms, combined with simple text, were incorporated into a side effects panel within an ARV information leaflet. In a randomised controlled study, 116 limited literacy HIV patients taking ARVs were randomly allocated to either control (standard care) or intervention groups (standard care plus illustrated information). Side effect knowledge was assessed at baseline, and intervention patients received the illustrated leaflet. Knowledge was re-tested at one and three months. Interpretation of side effect pictograms was evaluated at one month.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Browne, Sara H , Barford, Kirsty-Lee , Ramela, Thato , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156341 , vital:39980 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.05.012
- Description: Prompt management of side effects is critical to supporting adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) medication. This study examines the impact of presenting side effect information using simple text combined with pictograms on sustained knowledge of ARV side effects over three months. Previously designed side effect pictograms, combined with simple text, were incorporated into a side effects panel within an ARV information leaflet. In a randomised controlled study, 116 limited literacy HIV patients taking ARVs were randomly allocated to either control (standard care) or intervention groups (standard care plus illustrated information). Side effect knowledge was assessed at baseline, and intervention patients received the illustrated leaflet. Knowledge was re-tested at one and three months. Interpretation of side effect pictograms was evaluated at one month.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The impact of illustrated side effect information on understanding and sustained retention of antiretroviral side effect knowledge:
- Scheihing, Konstantin W, Tanner, Jane, Weaver, Matthew, Schöniger, Matthias
- Authors: Scheihing, Konstantin W , Tanner, Jane , Weaver, Matthew , Schöniger, Matthias
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156389 , vital:39985 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101043
- Description: About 7.5 million South Africans access gratuitous drinking water via communal taps provided by municipalities under a free basic water policy. Supplying running water for free to low-income communities is essential but can result in water wastage due to a potential indifference of non-paying end-consumers. The consequence is a loss of municipal water and financial resources. We outline a new strategy that rewards low-income communities for reducing water wastage. The incentive strategy promotes water conservation and community development and decreases recurring water-related public expenses. The concept is funded by a percentage of municipal cost savings yielded from the respective water conservation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Scheihing, Konstantin W , Tanner, Jane , Weaver, Matthew , Schöniger, Matthias
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156389 , vital:39985 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101043
- Description: About 7.5 million South Africans access gratuitous drinking water via communal taps provided by municipalities under a free basic water policy. Supplying running water for free to low-income communities is essential but can result in water wastage due to a potential indifference of non-paying end-consumers. The consequence is a loss of municipal water and financial resources. We outline a new strategy that rewards low-income communities for reducing water wastage. The incentive strategy promotes water conservation and community development and decreases recurring water-related public expenses. The concept is funded by a percentage of municipal cost savings yielded from the respective water conservation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The Klinghardt phonolites, South West Africa: Tertiary volcanism in western southern Africa
- Authors: Marsh, J S , Lock, B E
- Date: 1975
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70164 , vital:29627
- Description: Over 1OO phonolite bodies of mid-Tertiary age occur in the Klinghardt Mountains, 1OO km SE of Luderitz in Southern South West Africa the only published account of these rocks is that of Kaiser (1926) who gives a generalized map and describes briefly the mode of occurrence and petrography of the phonolites. The phonolite bodies are concentrated in an area roughly 8OO km2 and constitute an excellent example of an areal volcanic field (Rittmann, 1962), i.e. the activity occurred at a number of vents spread over a wide area and in most cases only a single eruptive episode took place at each vent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1975
- Authors: Marsh, J S , Lock, B E
- Date: 1975
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70164 , vital:29627
- Description: Over 1OO phonolite bodies of mid-Tertiary age occur in the Klinghardt Mountains, 1OO km SE of Luderitz in Southern South West Africa the only published account of these rocks is that of Kaiser (1926) who gives a generalized map and describes briefly the mode of occurrence and petrography of the phonolites. The phonolite bodies are concentrated in an area roughly 8OO km2 and constitute an excellent example of an areal volcanic field (Rittmann, 1962), i.e. the activity occurred at a number of vents spread over a wide area and in most cases only a single eruptive episode took place at each vent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1975
The law of divorce and dissolution of life partnerships in South Africa: book review
- Authors: Kruuse, Helen
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54129 , vital:26394 , http://scholar.ufs.ac.za:8080/xmlui/handle/11660/2454
- Description: Jackie Heaton’s latest contribution to the family law domain is formidable – 777 pages of carefully crafted opinions and discussions of the law affecting divorce and dissolution of life partnerships. Given the range, diversity and depth of issues in this area, it is no wonder that she calls on those being among the best in their field to assist her in writing up the book.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Kruuse, Helen
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54129 , vital:26394 , http://scholar.ufs.ac.za:8080/xmlui/handle/11660/2454
- Description: Jackie Heaton’s latest contribution to the family law domain is formidable – 777 pages of carefully crafted opinions and discussions of the law affecting divorce and dissolution of life partnerships. Given the range, diversity and depth of issues in this area, it is no wonder that she calls on those being among the best in their field to assist her in writing up the book.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The role of the flower-galling mite, Aceria lantanae, in integrated control of the light pink 163LP variety of Lantana camara (L.) in South Africa:
- Mukwevho, Ludzula, Mphephu, Tshililo E
- Authors: Mukwevho, Ludzula , Mphephu, Tshililo E
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149010 , vital:38795 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104309
- Description: We evaluated the impact of the gall-forming mite, Aceria lantanae (Cook) (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae) on flower and fruit production by coppicing shoots, following pruning, of a widely distributed variety (light pink 163LP) of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) in South Africa. Counts, at three different sites, of developed inflorescences, flowers and fruits and the extent of A. lantanae galling were done for coppicing shoots at four different stages of growth (3, 6, 9- and 12-months post-pruning).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mukwevho, Ludzula , Mphephu, Tshililo E
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149010 , vital:38795 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104309
- Description: We evaluated the impact of the gall-forming mite, Aceria lantanae (Cook) (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae) on flower and fruit production by coppicing shoots, following pruning, of a widely distributed variety (light pink 163LP) of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) in South Africa. Counts, at three different sites, of developed inflorescences, flowers and fruits and the extent of A. lantanae galling were done for coppicing shoots at four different stages of growth (3, 6, 9- and 12-months post-pruning).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The rooting system of Leptophloeum Dawson: New material from the upper Devonian, Famennian Witpoort Formation of South Africa
- Prestianni, Cyrille, Gess, Robert W
- Authors: Prestianni, Cyrille , Gess, Robert W
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72732 , vital:30104 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.05.007
- Description: The rhizomorphs of Early (Devonian and Early Carboniferous) arborescent lycopsids are known from only a handful of taxa. That of Leptophloeum is previously described from a single fragmentary specimen from China that, in our opinion, has been incorrectly interpreted. Here we describe several relatively well-preserved examples of Leptophloeumrhizomorphs from the Famennian aged Waterloo Farm Lägerstatte of South Africa. We demonstrate an unlobed cormose morphology separated from the microphyll bearing axis by a smooth transition zone. This provides one of the few known examples of a cormose lycopsid rhizomorph dating back to the Devonian. We assign this material and all previously published South African Leptophloeum material to Leptophloeum rhombicum.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Prestianni, Cyrille , Gess, Robert W
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72732 , vital:30104 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.05.007
- Description: The rhizomorphs of Early (Devonian and Early Carboniferous) arborescent lycopsids are known from only a handful of taxa. That of Leptophloeum is previously described from a single fragmentary specimen from China that, in our opinion, has been incorrectly interpreted. Here we describe several relatively well-preserved examples of Leptophloeumrhizomorphs from the Famennian aged Waterloo Farm Lägerstatte of South Africa. We demonstrate an unlobed cormose morphology separated from the microphyll bearing axis by a smooth transition zone. This provides one of the few known examples of a cormose lycopsid rhizomorph dating back to the Devonian. We assign this material and all previously published South African Leptophloeum material to Leptophloeum rhombicum.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2014
The speculative collectivity of the global transnational, or, social practice and the international division of labour:
- Authors: Tello, Verónica
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146378 , vital:38520 , ISBN 9781351399111
- Description: Book abstract. The Routledge Companion to Theatre and Politics is a volume of critical essays, provocations, and interventions on the most important questions faced by today’s writers, critics, audiences, and theatre and performance makers. Featuring texts written by scholars and artists who are diversely situated (geographically, culturally, politically, and institutionally), its multiple perspectives broadly address the question "How can we be political now?".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Tello, Verónica
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146378 , vital:38520 , ISBN 9781351399111
- Description: Book abstract. The Routledge Companion to Theatre and Politics is a volume of critical essays, provocations, and interventions on the most important questions faced by today’s writers, critics, audiences, and theatre and performance makers. Featuring texts written by scholars and artists who are diversely situated (geographically, culturally, politically, and institutionally), its multiple perspectives broadly address the question "How can we be political now?".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The willingness to pay for dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus) restocking: using recreational linefishing licence fees to fund stock enhancement in South Africa
- Palmer, Ryan M, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Palmer, Ryan M , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71322 , vital:29833 , https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp075
- Description: The economic feasibility of stock enhancement of Argyrosomus japonicus in South Africa was investigated using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey. The pilot study provides a unique example of the use of the contingent valuation method as a valuation tool for a proposed stock enhancement programme. An increase in the cost of a recreational fishing permit is used as a potential vehicle of payment. The median value of the maximum that fishers were willing to pay for a recreational fishing permit was R155 (South African Rand) for frequent fishers and R100 for non-frequent fishers. Analysis showed that a fee of more than R100 excluded up to 50% of anglers from the fishery, but that a fee of R100 excluded only 28% of recreational anglers and would generate an additional R12 million annually from the sale of recreational fishing permits. The estimated costs of set-up and running of a stock enhancement programme are substantially lower than this, suggesting that stock enhancement may be an economically feasible management option that deserves more investigation. The WTP method itself produces robust results and is likely to be an effective tool in the management of the marine environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Palmer, Ryan M , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71322 , vital:29833 , https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp075
- Description: The economic feasibility of stock enhancement of Argyrosomus japonicus in South Africa was investigated using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey. The pilot study provides a unique example of the use of the contingent valuation method as a valuation tool for a proposed stock enhancement programme. An increase in the cost of a recreational fishing permit is used as a potential vehicle of payment. The median value of the maximum that fishers were willing to pay for a recreational fishing permit was R155 (South African Rand) for frequent fishers and R100 for non-frequent fishers. Analysis showed that a fee of more than R100 excluded up to 50% of anglers from the fishery, but that a fee of R100 excluded only 28% of recreational anglers and would generate an additional R12 million annually from the sale of recreational fishing permits. The estimated costs of set-up and running of a stock enhancement programme are substantially lower than this, suggesting that stock enhancement may be an economically feasible management option that deserves more investigation. The WTP method itself produces robust results and is likely to be an effective tool in the management of the marine environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Thermally-assisted optically stimulated luminescence from deep electron traps in α-Al2O3: C, Mg
- Kalita, Jitumani M, Chithambo, Makaiko L, Polymeris, G S
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L , Polymeris, G S
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116133 , vital:34322 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.04.075
- Description: We report thermally-assisted optically stimulated luminescence (TA-OSL) in α-Al2O3:C,Mg. The OSL was measured at elevated temperatures between 50 and 240 °C from a sample preheated to 500 °C after irradiation to 100 Gy. That OSL could be measured even after the preheating is direct evidence of the existence of deep electron traps in α-Al2O3:C,Mg. The TA-OSL intensity goes through a peak with measurement temperature. The initial increase is ascribed to thermal assistance to optical stimulation whereas the subsequent decrease in intensity is deduced to reflect increasing incidences of non-radiative recombination, that is, thermal quenching. The activation energy for thermal assistance corresponding to a deep electron trap was estimated as 0.667 ± 0.006 eV whereas the activation energy for thermal quenching was calculated as 0.90 ± 0.04 eV. The intensity of the TA-OSL was also found to increase with irradiation dose. The dose response is sublinear from 25 to 150 Gy but saturates with further increase of dose. The TA-OSL dose response has been discussed by considering the competition for charges at the deep traps. This study incidentally shows that TA-OSL can be effectively used in dosimetry involving large doses.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L , Polymeris, G S
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116133 , vital:34322 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.04.075
- Description: We report thermally-assisted optically stimulated luminescence (TA-OSL) in α-Al2O3:C,Mg. The OSL was measured at elevated temperatures between 50 and 240 °C from a sample preheated to 500 °C after irradiation to 100 Gy. That OSL could be measured even after the preheating is direct evidence of the existence of deep electron traps in α-Al2O3:C,Mg. The TA-OSL intensity goes through a peak with measurement temperature. The initial increase is ascribed to thermal assistance to optical stimulation whereas the subsequent decrease in intensity is deduced to reflect increasing incidences of non-radiative recombination, that is, thermal quenching. The activation energy for thermal assistance corresponding to a deep electron trap was estimated as 0.667 ± 0.006 eV whereas the activation energy for thermal quenching was calculated as 0.90 ± 0.04 eV. The intensity of the TA-OSL was also found to increase with irradiation dose. The dose response is sublinear from 25 to 150 Gy but saturates with further increase of dose. The TA-OSL dose response has been discussed by considering the competition for charges at the deep traps. This study incidentally shows that TA-OSL can be effectively used in dosimetry involving large doses.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
Thermoluminescence of the persistent-luminescence phosphor, BaAl2O4: a stuffed tridymite
- Pandey, A, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Pandey, A , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113048 , vital:33693 , hhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.01.004
- Description: BaAl2O4 is a stuffed tridymite used as a long-lasting phosphor. The thermoluminescence of BaAl2O4 prepared by solution-combustion is reported. Analysis of the sample using X-ray diffraction shows that it formed as a single phase compound with a hexagonal structure following annealing at 1200 °C. A broad photoluminescence emission band between 300 and 650 nm was detected due to excitation at 248 nm. The phosphor showed a natural TL peak at 102 °C for measurement at 1 oCs−1 and, when beta irradiated to 100 Gy, two broad peaks at 123 and 318 °C also for heating at 1 oCs−1. The analysis of the main glow peak at 123 °C suggests that it is a combination of several collocated peaks, that is, peaks embedded within each other. We resolved four such components labelled peaks 1 to 4. The thermoluminescence decreases with heating rate in a way consistent with thermal quenching whose activation energy was determined as ∼0.65eV using peak 3. Interestingly, this value of the activation energy for thermal quenching for BaAl2O4, a stuffed derivative of silica, is similar to literature values for quartz (a silica), suggesting that the recombination centre in the two cases may be similar.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Pandey, A , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113048 , vital:33693 , hhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.01.004
- Description: BaAl2O4 is a stuffed tridymite used as a long-lasting phosphor. The thermoluminescence of BaAl2O4 prepared by solution-combustion is reported. Analysis of the sample using X-ray diffraction shows that it formed as a single phase compound with a hexagonal structure following annealing at 1200 °C. A broad photoluminescence emission band between 300 and 650 nm was detected due to excitation at 248 nm. The phosphor showed a natural TL peak at 102 °C for measurement at 1 oCs−1 and, when beta irradiated to 100 Gy, two broad peaks at 123 and 318 °C also for heating at 1 oCs−1. The analysis of the main glow peak at 123 °C suggests that it is a combination of several collocated peaks, that is, peaks embedded within each other. We resolved four such components labelled peaks 1 to 4. The thermoluminescence decreases with heating rate in a way consistent with thermal quenching whose activation energy was determined as ∼0.65eV using peak 3. Interestingly, this value of the activation energy for thermal quenching for BaAl2O4, a stuffed derivative of silica, is similar to literature values for quartz (a silica), suggesting that the recombination centre in the two cases may be similar.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Thermoluminescence of α-Al2O3: C, Mg: kinetic analysis of the main glow peak
- Kalita, Jitumani M, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/119844 , vital:34788 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.10.031
- Description: The kinetic analysis of the thermoluminescence of aluminium oxide doped with carbon and co-doped with magnesium (α-Al2O3:C,Mg) is reported. Measurements were made at 1 °C/s following beta irradiation to 1 Gy. The glow curve consists of a dominant peak at a peak-maximum Tm of 161 °C and six secondary peaks of weaker intensity at 42, 72, 193, 279, 330 and 370 °C. Kinetic analysis of the main peak, the subject of this report, was carried out using initial rise, whole glow peak, peak shape, curve fitting and variable heating rate methods. The order of kinetics of the main peak was determined as first order using various methods including the Tm–Tstop technique and the dependence of Tm on irradiation dose. The activation energy of the peak is about ~1.36 eV and the frequency factor of the order of 1014 s−1. The peak area changes with heating rate in a manner that shows that the peak is affected by thermal quenching. The activation energy of thermal quenching was evaluated as 0.99±0.08 eV. A comparison of analytical results from the main peak before and after correction for thermal quenching show that the kinetic parameters of the main peak are not that affected by thermal quenching.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/119844 , vital:34788 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.10.031
- Description: The kinetic analysis of the thermoluminescence of aluminium oxide doped with carbon and co-doped with magnesium (α-Al2O3:C,Mg) is reported. Measurements were made at 1 °C/s following beta irradiation to 1 Gy. The glow curve consists of a dominant peak at a peak-maximum Tm of 161 °C and six secondary peaks of weaker intensity at 42, 72, 193, 279, 330 and 370 °C. Kinetic analysis of the main peak, the subject of this report, was carried out using initial rise, whole glow peak, peak shape, curve fitting and variable heating rate methods. The order of kinetics of the main peak was determined as first order using various methods including the Tm–Tstop technique and the dependence of Tm on irradiation dose. The activation energy of the peak is about ~1.36 eV and the frequency factor of the order of 1014 s−1. The peak area changes with heating rate in a manner that shows that the peak is affected by thermal quenching. The activation energy of thermal quenching was evaluated as 0.99±0.08 eV. A comparison of analytical results from the main peak before and after correction for thermal quenching show that the kinetic parameters of the main peak are not that affected by thermal quenching.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2017
Thermoluminescence properties of potassium fluoride:
- Ogundare, F O, Folley, Damilola E, Chithambo, Makaiko L, Arise, T O
- Authors: Ogundare, F O , Folley, Damilola E , Chithambo, Makaiko L , Arise, T O
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160500 , vital:40451 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2020.09.009
- Description: This study is designed to examine the thermoluminescence characteristics of potassium fluoride for possible use as a thermoluminescence dosemeter. Thermoluminescence measurements were carried out at doses up to 20 Gy and heating rates between 0.2 and 4°C/s. The glow curve of the fluoride, readout at 1°Cs−1, exhibited two peaks at 130 and 250 °C. In addition, two shoulder peaks appeared at 70 and 200°C.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ogundare, F O , Folley, Damilola E , Chithambo, Makaiko L , Arise, T O
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160500 , vital:40451 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2020.09.009
- Description: This study is designed to examine the thermoluminescence characteristics of potassium fluoride for possible use as a thermoluminescence dosemeter. Thermoluminescence measurements were carried out at doses up to 20 Gy and heating rates between 0.2 and 4°C/s. The glow curve of the fluoride, readout at 1°Cs−1, exhibited two peaks at 130 and 250 °C. In addition, two shoulder peaks appeared at 70 and 200°C.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Thinking Africa Newsletter: (June 2014)
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:38065 , http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12137/23
- Description: Thinking Africa Newsletter (June 2014).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:38065 , http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12137/23
- Description: Thinking Africa Newsletter (June 2014).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Thinking Africa Newsletter: (March 2014)
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:38067 , http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12137/22
- Description: Thinking Africa Newsletter (March 2014).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:38067 , http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12137/22
- Description: Thinking Africa Newsletter (March 2014).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Three decades of hydrological modelling research in South Africa
- Authors: Hughes, Denis A
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7072 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009526
- Description: This paper presents a review of the research undertaken in the field of hydrological modelling over roughly the last three decades, concentrating primarily on South African work in an international context. The focus is on deterministic, rainfall-runoff models and addresses issues related to model design as well as to the application of models in practice. I provide a brief description of what hydrological models are and what they are used for and discuss also the following issues: • Developments in understanding hydrological process and the extent to which these have filtered down into models. • Model calibration and parameter estimation. • Trends in data availability and how these have affected model development. • Trends in computer technology and their impacts on model development. I suggest that there have been substantial developments in the science and practice of hydrological modelling, but that there remain many problems that need to be addressed to improve the ability of models to contribute to the solution of problems of water resource management. Southern African scientists have contributed to the body of knowledge on hydrological modelling, despite the limited resources available compared to resources elsewhere. Internationally, the focus has not always been on the practical issues of model application and has commonly tended towards the more theoretical and mathematical issues of model calibration. This is not a trend that has found much favour in southern Africa (particularly amongst research funding agencies), where there are many problems of water resource management that have the potential to be resolved with existing models, applied in an appropriate way. The paper concludes by suggesting that further research needs to focus on the integration of the best in international developments with the tried and tested models that have been developed locally. The context of this research should be the search for more reliable estimations of water resource availability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Hughes, Denis A
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7072 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009526
- Description: This paper presents a review of the research undertaken in the field of hydrological modelling over roughly the last three decades, concentrating primarily on South African work in an international context. The focus is on deterministic, rainfall-runoff models and addresses issues related to model design as well as to the application of models in practice. I provide a brief description of what hydrological models are and what they are used for and discuss also the following issues: • Developments in understanding hydrological process and the extent to which these have filtered down into models. • Model calibration and parameter estimation. • Trends in data availability and how these have affected model development. • Trends in computer technology and their impacts on model development. I suggest that there have been substantial developments in the science and practice of hydrological modelling, but that there remain many problems that need to be addressed to improve the ability of models to contribute to the solution of problems of water resource management. Southern African scientists have contributed to the body of knowledge on hydrological modelling, despite the limited resources available compared to resources elsewhere. Internationally, the focus has not always been on the practical issues of model application and has commonly tended towards the more theoretical and mathematical issues of model calibration. This is not a trend that has found much favour in southern Africa (particularly amongst research funding agencies), where there are many problems of water resource management that have the potential to be resolved with existing models, applied in an appropriate way. The paper concludes by suggesting that further research needs to focus on the integration of the best in international developments with the tried and tested models that have been developed locally. The context of this research should be the search for more reliable estimations of water resource availability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Topical Opinion - Organising on the mines
- SAIRR
- Authors: SAIRR
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: SAIRR
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111247 , vital:33420
- Description: When the National Union of Mineworkers was formed an experienced unionist said to me "organising workers in South Africa is the art of the possible". But organising workers in the mining industry is the art of the impossible. It has been the art of the impossible because it has been the art of trying to make a fundamental change in a system by using structures and instruments that were designed to perpetuate that system. It lias been the art of the impossible because it has been the art of trying to make a revolution with moderate tools tli at were invented to prevent a revolution. Because of the nature of the mining industry, which is conservative or ultraconservative by any definition, the black miner has been condemned to seek radical ends within a framework which was designed to prevent sudden and radical changes. For almost one hundred years now, black miners have not been able to change their status. The African Miners' Union in 1946 under J B Marks made an attempt but was brutally crushed by a combination of employer and government forces. It is against this background that our union has developed its organising strategies. Organising has taken place around a number of issues, some of which are safety, wages, and working- class unity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: SAIRR
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: SAIRR
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111247 , vital:33420
- Description: When the National Union of Mineworkers was formed an experienced unionist said to me "organising workers in South Africa is the art of the possible". But organising workers in the mining industry is the art of the impossible. It has been the art of the impossible because it has been the art of trying to make a fundamental change in a system by using structures and instruments that were designed to perpetuate that system. It lias been the art of the impossible because it has been the art of trying to make a revolution with moderate tools tli at were invented to prevent a revolution. Because of the nature of the mining industry, which is conservative or ultraconservative by any definition, the black miner has been condemned to seek radical ends within a framework which was designed to prevent sudden and radical changes. For almost one hundred years now, black miners have not been able to change their status. The African Miners' Union in 1946 under J B Marks made an attempt but was brutally crushed by a combination of employer and government forces. It is against this background that our union has developed its organising strategies. Organising has taken place around a number of issues, some of which are safety, wages, and working- class unity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Towards continental transformation: understanding sustainable peace agreements in Africa
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161409 , vital:40624 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC15983
- Description: There are social and political questions to be asked about the new continent-wide institutions in and around what is still a young African Union (AU). These include questions such as whether the AU and its institutions can be built in ways that will allow this body to transform Africa's international relations, and how this is to be done. What are the norms and values that will inform this change and the African renewal promoted by the AU? Is the multilateral architecture of the AU able to encourage democracy and people-centredness, for instance? Will it, in the end, be able to deliver on the hoped-for "pan-African transnational democratic revolution"?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161409 , vital:40624 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC15983
- Description: There are social and political questions to be asked about the new continent-wide institutions in and around what is still a young African Union (AU). These include questions such as whether the AU and its institutions can be built in ways that will allow this body to transform Africa's international relations, and how this is to be done. What are the norms and values that will inform this change and the African renewal promoted by the AU? Is the multilateral architecture of the AU able to encourage democracy and people-centredness, for instance? Will it, in the end, be able to deliver on the hoped-for "pan-African transnational democratic revolution"?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021–2030: what chance for success in restoring coastal ecosystems?
- Waltham, Nathan J, Elliott, Michael, Lee, Shing Yip, Lovelock, Catherine, Duarte, Carlos M, Buelow, Christina, Simenstad, Charles, Nagelkerken, Ivan, Claassens, Louw, Wen, Colin K-C, Barletta, Mario, Connolly, Rod M, Gillies, Chris, Mitsch, William J, Ogburn, Matthew B, Purandare, Jemma, Possingham, Hugh, Sheaves, Marcus
- Authors: Waltham, Nathan J , Elliott, Michael , Lee, Shing Yip , Lovelock, Catherine , Duarte, Carlos M , Buelow, Christina , Simenstad, Charles , Nagelkerken, Ivan , Claassens, Louw , Wen, Colin K-C , Barletta, Mario , Connolly, Rod M , Gillies, Chris , Mitsch, William J , Ogburn, Matthew B , Purandare, Jemma , Possingham, Hugh , Sheaves, Marcus
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149836 , vital:38887 , https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00071
- Description: On 1 March 2019, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly (New York) declared 2021–2030 the “UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.” This call to action has the purpose of recognizing the need to massively accelerate global restoration of degraded ecosystems, to fight the climate heating crisis, enhance food security, provide clean water and protect biodiversity on the planet. The scale of restoration will be key; for example, the Bonn Challenge has the goal to restore 350 million km2 (almost the size of India) of degraded terrestrial ecosystems by 2030. However, international support for restoration of “blue” coastal ecosystems, which provide an impressive array of benefits to people, has lagged. Only the Global Mangrove Alliance (https://mangrovealliance.org/) comes close to the Bonn Challenge, with the aim of increasing the global area of mangroves by 20% by 2030. However, mangrove scientists have reservations about this target, voicing concerns that it is unrealistic and may prompt inappropriate practices in attempting to reach this target (Lee et al., 2019). The decade of ecosystem restoration declaration also coincides with the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, which aims to reverse deterioration in ocean health. If executed in a holistic and coordinated manner, signatory nations could stand to deliver on both these UN calls to action.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Waltham, Nathan J , Elliott, Michael , Lee, Shing Yip , Lovelock, Catherine , Duarte, Carlos M , Buelow, Christina , Simenstad, Charles , Nagelkerken, Ivan , Claassens, Louw , Wen, Colin K-C , Barletta, Mario , Connolly, Rod M , Gillies, Chris , Mitsch, William J , Ogburn, Matthew B , Purandare, Jemma , Possingham, Hugh , Sheaves, Marcus
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149836 , vital:38887 , https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00071
- Description: On 1 March 2019, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly (New York) declared 2021–2030 the “UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.” This call to action has the purpose of recognizing the need to massively accelerate global restoration of degraded ecosystems, to fight the climate heating crisis, enhance food security, provide clean water and protect biodiversity on the planet. The scale of restoration will be key; for example, the Bonn Challenge has the goal to restore 350 million km2 (almost the size of India) of degraded terrestrial ecosystems by 2030. However, international support for restoration of “blue” coastal ecosystems, which provide an impressive array of benefits to people, has lagged. Only the Global Mangrove Alliance (https://mangrovealliance.org/) comes close to the Bonn Challenge, with the aim of increasing the global area of mangroves by 20% by 2030. However, mangrove scientists have reservations about this target, voicing concerns that it is unrealistic and may prompt inappropriate practices in attempting to reach this target (Lee et al., 2019). The decade of ecosystem restoration declaration also coincides with the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, which aims to reverse deterioration in ocean health. If executed in a holistic and coordinated manner, signatory nations could stand to deliver on both these UN calls to action.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020