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- Date: 20xx
- Subjects: Folk music -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters/Doctoral , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6048 , vital:29486
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Research Techniques in Pasture Managament: AGP 602
- Authors: Sikhalazo, Dube , Dziba, L
- Date: 2000-11
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17709 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010114
- Description: Research Techniques in Pasture Managament: AGP 602, degree examination November 2009.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000-11
- Authors: Sikhalazo, Dube , Dziba, L
- Date: 2000-11
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17709 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010114
- Description: Research Techniques in Pasture Managament: AGP 602, degree examination November 2009.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000-11
Post-harvest Physiology and Technology: AGH 313
- Authors: Maphaha, M F , Eiasu, B
- Date: 2001-06
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17579 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1009925
- Description: Post-harvest Physiology and Technology: AGH 313, degree examination June 2011.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2001-06
- Authors: Maphaha, M F , Eiasu, B
- Date: 2001-06
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17579 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1009925
- Description: Post-harvest Physiology and Technology: AGH 313, degree examination June 2011.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2001-06
A systems approach to marketing in less developed agriculture with reference to Bululwane Irrigation Scheme
- Authors: Zenda, Sipho Macriba
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Farm produce -- South Africa -- Marketing , Farms, Small -- South Africa , Sustainable agriculture -- South Africa , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa , Irrigation farming -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11192 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001045 , Farm produce -- South Africa -- Marketing , Farms, Small -- South Africa , Sustainable agriculture -- South Africa , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa , Irrigation farming -- South Africa
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Zenda, Sipho Macriba
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Farm produce -- South Africa -- Marketing , Farms, Small -- South Africa , Sustainable agriculture -- South Africa , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa , Irrigation farming -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11192 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001045 , Farm produce -- South Africa -- Marketing , Farms, Small -- South Africa , Sustainable agriculture -- South Africa , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa , Irrigation farming -- South Africa
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2002
The effects of goat kraal manure, sewage sludge and effective microorganisms on the composting of pine bark and the nutritional value of the composts
- Authors: Mupondi, Lushian Tapiwa
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Compost , Fertilizers , Sewage sludge as fertilizer , Goats , Manures , Compost plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Soil Science)
- Identifier: vital:11171 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001008 , Compost , Fertilizers , Sewage sludge as fertilizer , Goats , Manures , Compost plants
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Mupondi, Lushian Tapiwa
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Compost , Fertilizers , Sewage sludge as fertilizer , Goats , Manures , Compost plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Soil Science)
- Identifier: vital:11171 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001008 , Compost , Fertilizers , Sewage sludge as fertilizer , Goats , Manures , Compost plants
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2005
Academic Practices and Reasoning: APR 111
- Jadhunundhan, R, Rautenbach, E
- Authors: Jadhunundhan, R , Rautenbach, E
- Date: 2005-06
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:18265 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1011261
- Description: Academic Practices and Reasoning: APR 111, examination June 2005.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2005-06
- Authors: Jadhunundhan, R , Rautenbach, E
- Date: 2005-06
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:18265 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1011261
- Description: Academic Practices and Reasoning: APR 111, examination June 2005.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2005-06
Disk 1 of 14
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Social sciences
- Type: Clipping Collection
- Identifier: vital:12219 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006720 , University of Cape Town
- Description: Period: 1971-1986
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Social sciences
- Type: Clipping Collection
- Identifier: vital:12219 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006720 , University of Cape Town
- Description: Period: 1971-1986
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Disk 2 of 14
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Social sciences , Black Politics , Co-Determination , Commerce General , Commerce Labour , Church and state , Botswana
- Language: English
- Identifier: vital:12222 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006769
- Description: Saldru Clipplings Collection
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Social sciences , Black Politics , Co-Determination , Commerce General , Commerce Labour , Church and state , Botswana
- Language: English
- Identifier: vital:12222 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006769
- Description: Saldru Clipplings Collection
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Musabaeka, True Shame
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) in women -- Zimbabwe , Sexually transmitted diseases -- Zimbabwe , Sexual consent -- Zimbabwe , Sexual behavior surveys -- Zimbabwe , Social perception -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Dev)
- Identifier: vital:11406 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/308 , AIDS (Disease) in women -- Zimbabwe , Sexually transmitted diseases -- Zimbabwe , Sexual consent -- Zimbabwe , Sexual behavior surveys -- Zimbabwe , Social perception -- Zimbabwe
- Description: This study sought to establish gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of Policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe. The role of women as caregivers to HIV/AIDS sufferers is also highlighted and how this has deprived them towards social, political and economic development. The source of the data used was the World Health Organisation (WHO) project on Family Planning and AIDS. The sample of the study comprised of 100 men and women from Makoni District, Zimbabwe. In addition to the survey question, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The FGD data complimented the survey results with qualitative information. The objectives of the study looked at people’s attitudes, cultural practices and sexual practices. These were analysed to determine how the gender issues within them affected the HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The five major prevention strategies focused on in this study are: · promotion of condom use; · reduction of the number of sexual partners; · sticking to one sexual partner; · control and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); and · Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for HIV to prevent vertical transmission of the disease. Although, the majority of the women indicated that it was acceptable for a married woman to ask her husband to use condoms, this was disputed by the findings from the FGDs. Issues of trust and fidelity were raised,but many men and women reported that they were not prepared to confront one another. The FGD results revealed that the men assert that it is normal for every man to have extra marital relationships, therefore they do not see anything wrong with it. It also came out that there are women who both have no income or partner to support them financially and are living in absolute poverty. These women, if anything, are more likely to increase the number of their sexual partners than reduce them so that they increase their economic base inorder to support their families. It has been established that for effective treatment and control of STDs, there is need for both partners to cooperate and seek treatment at the same time. However, the findings from this study revealed that lack of communication between sexual partners hampered the treatment of these diseases. On the other hand, the men indicated that talking to their wives about STDs would compel them to say where they got it. On the other hand the women reported that their men would accuse them of infidelity if they told them of an STD. FGD results however revealed that men and women were prepared to have HIV testing so that they would know of their status before planning a family. The gender perceptual differences on HIV/AIDS prevention have been identified as follows: · the need for male compliance to use condoms effectively; · the fear of losing trust by suggesting condom use; and · acceptance of male promiscuity by society that perpetuates that risky behaviour and exposure to HIV/AIDS infection and lack of communication between sexual partners, are a hindrance for effective control and treatment of STDs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Musabaeka, True Shame
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) in women -- Zimbabwe , Sexually transmitted diseases -- Zimbabwe , Sexual consent -- Zimbabwe , Sexual behavior surveys -- Zimbabwe , Social perception -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Dev)
- Identifier: vital:11406 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/308 , AIDS (Disease) in women -- Zimbabwe , Sexually transmitted diseases -- Zimbabwe , Sexual consent -- Zimbabwe , Sexual behavior surveys -- Zimbabwe , Social perception -- Zimbabwe
- Description: This study sought to establish gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of Policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe. The role of women as caregivers to HIV/AIDS sufferers is also highlighted and how this has deprived them towards social, political and economic development. The source of the data used was the World Health Organisation (WHO) project on Family Planning and AIDS. The sample of the study comprised of 100 men and women from Makoni District, Zimbabwe. In addition to the survey question, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The FGD data complimented the survey results with qualitative information. The objectives of the study looked at people’s attitudes, cultural practices and sexual practices. These were analysed to determine how the gender issues within them affected the HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The five major prevention strategies focused on in this study are: · promotion of condom use; · reduction of the number of sexual partners; · sticking to one sexual partner; · control and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); and · Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for HIV to prevent vertical transmission of the disease. Although, the majority of the women indicated that it was acceptable for a married woman to ask her husband to use condoms, this was disputed by the findings from the FGDs. Issues of trust and fidelity were raised,but many men and women reported that they were not prepared to confront one another. The FGD results revealed that the men assert that it is normal for every man to have extra marital relationships, therefore they do not see anything wrong with it. It also came out that there are women who both have no income or partner to support them financially and are living in absolute poverty. These women, if anything, are more likely to increase the number of their sexual partners than reduce them so that they increase their economic base inorder to support their families. It has been established that for effective treatment and control of STDs, there is need for both partners to cooperate and seek treatment at the same time. However, the findings from this study revealed that lack of communication between sexual partners hampered the treatment of these diseases. On the other hand, the men indicated that talking to their wives about STDs would compel them to say where they got it. On the other hand the women reported that their men would accuse them of infidelity if they told them of an STD. FGD results however revealed that men and women were prepared to have HIV testing so that they would know of their status before planning a family. The gender perceptual differences on HIV/AIDS prevention have been identified as follows: · the need for male compliance to use condoms effectively; · the fear of losing trust by suggesting condom use; and · acceptance of male promiscuity by society that perpetuates that risky behaviour and exposure to HIV/AIDS infection and lack of communication between sexual partners, are a hindrance for effective control and treatment of STDs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Advanced Administrative Law: LAA 422E
- Authors: Moeketse, W , Katurura, A
- Date: 2006-10
- Subjects: Administrative law
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1009523
- Description: Advanced Administrative Law: LAA 422E, November Examination 2006
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006-10
- Authors: Moeketse, W , Katurura, A
- Date: 2006-10
- Subjects: Administrative law
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1009523
- Description: Advanced Administrative Law: LAA 422E, November Examination 2006
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006-10
An evaluation of the brand perception of FortHare University amongst Grade 12 learners of the Buffalo City Municipality
- Authors: Mtetwa, Webster
- Date: 2006-11
- Subjects: Branding (Marketing)
- Language: English
- Type: Honours theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24509 , vital:63050
- Description: The research seeks to determine the overall perception potential students have of the University of Fort Hare. This was done through comparing the university with other nearby universities based on the reputation, image, characteristics of each university and other factors. The research will build brand awareness of the university amongst potential students. It will also publicise and assist the university in initiating strategies meant to inform potential students about the advantages of learning at the University of Fort Hare. The research will also provide reasons as to why students do not intend/intend to register at the University Fort Hare. The reasons behind the students’ perceptions were detected which were attributed to the qualities possessed by the University. Students also reflected that their brand choice was attributed from brand awareness in that, the students were not informed about the qualifications offered by the universities. , Thesis (BCom Hons) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2006
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006-11
- Authors: Mtetwa, Webster
- Date: 2006-11
- Subjects: Branding (Marketing)
- Language: English
- Type: Honours theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24509 , vital:63050
- Description: The research seeks to determine the overall perception potential students have of the University of Fort Hare. This was done through comparing the university with other nearby universities based on the reputation, image, characteristics of each university and other factors. The research will build brand awareness of the university amongst potential students. It will also publicise and assist the university in initiating strategies meant to inform potential students about the advantages of learning at the University of Fort Hare. The research will also provide reasons as to why students do not intend/intend to register at the University Fort Hare. The reasons behind the students’ perceptions were detected which were attributed to the qualities possessed by the University. Students also reflected that their brand choice was attributed from brand awareness in that, the students were not informed about the qualifications offered by the universities. , Thesis (BCom Hons) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2006
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006-11
An investigation of the efficacy of the Office of the Auditor-General in ensuring public financial accountability in the Gauteng Province
- Authors: Khumalo, Mildred Tariro
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Finance, Public -- South Africa , Budget -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Liability (Law)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11645 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/283 , Finance, Public -- South Africa , Budget -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Liability (Law)
- Description: Increasing accountability is a key element in a wide variety of governance reforms, from national level, public sector restructuring, to anti corruption campaigns and to centralise service delivery at local levels. (Van Wyk, 2002:311). Financial accountability has a major effect on performance issues, and these two combined have implications on democratic accountability. It is obviously a fact that when public officials become accountable, this will have a positive effect on service delivery. The introduction of the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) 1999 (Act 1 of 1999) as amended by Act 29 of 1999 adopts an approach to financial management, which emphasises the need for accountability of results by focusing on output and responsibility rather than the rule driven approach of the previous Exchequer Acts. One quickly realises that the PFMA aims to regulate financial management at both National and Provincial levels of government. It directs attention at revenue, expenditure, assets and liabilities and aims to see that these are managed efficiently and effectively. Public finance accountability is increasingly becoming important in the public sector. One means of effecting accountability is through auditing. For this reason the Office of the Auditor -General through the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 (Act 108 of 1996 section 216 (1)) was established to facilitate effective accountability through auditing. The Office of the Auditor -General’s role is by no means minor, for it plays a major role in curbing corruption and acts as a ‘watchdog’ of the nation over public funds. Amidst high mismanagement and misuse of public resources, as well as corruption, especially in developing countries, the major question one asks is how effective the Auditor -General can be in ensuring effective public financial management and accountability within state departments so as to improve service delivery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Khumalo, Mildred Tariro
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Finance, Public -- South Africa , Budget -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Liability (Law)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11645 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/283 , Finance, Public -- South Africa , Budget -- South Africa -- Gauteng , Liability (Law)
- Description: Increasing accountability is a key element in a wide variety of governance reforms, from national level, public sector restructuring, to anti corruption campaigns and to centralise service delivery at local levels. (Van Wyk, 2002:311). Financial accountability has a major effect on performance issues, and these two combined have implications on democratic accountability. It is obviously a fact that when public officials become accountable, this will have a positive effect on service delivery. The introduction of the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) 1999 (Act 1 of 1999) as amended by Act 29 of 1999 adopts an approach to financial management, which emphasises the need for accountability of results by focusing on output and responsibility rather than the rule driven approach of the previous Exchequer Acts. One quickly realises that the PFMA aims to regulate financial management at both National and Provincial levels of government. It directs attention at revenue, expenditure, assets and liabilities and aims to see that these are managed efficiently and effectively. Public finance accountability is increasingly becoming important in the public sector. One means of effecting accountability is through auditing. For this reason the Office of the Auditor -General through the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 (Act 108 of 1996 section 216 (1)) was established to facilitate effective accountability through auditing. The Office of the Auditor -General’s role is by no means minor, for it plays a major role in curbing corruption and acts as a ‘watchdog’ of the nation over public funds. Amidst high mismanagement and misuse of public resources, as well as corruption, especially in developing countries, the major question one asks is how effective the Auditor -General can be in ensuring effective public financial management and accountability within state departments so as to improve service delivery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Assessment of antibacterial potentials of Garcinia Kola seed extracts and their interactions with antibiotics
- Authors: Sibanda, Thulani
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Drug resistance in microorganisms , Garcinia , Antibiotics , Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Microbiology)
- Identifier: vital:11242 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/71 , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Garcinia , Antibiotics , Medicinal plants
- Description: The antibacterial potency of the extracts of the seed of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) was investigated in this study against a panel of referenced, environmental and clinical bacterial strains. The killing rates of the active extract as well as their potential for combination antibacterial therapy with standard antibiotics were also elucidated using standard procedures. The aqueous and acetone extracts of the seed were screened for activity against 27 bacterial isolates. The aqueous extract exhibited activity mainly against Gram positive organisms with Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 5 mgml-1 – 20 mgml-1, while the acetone extract showed activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms with MIC values ranging from 10 mgml-1 - 0.156 mgml-1. The acetone extract also showed rapid bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with a 3.097 Log10 reduction in counts within 4 hours at 0.3125 mgml-1 and a 1.582 Log10 reduction against Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030 at 5 mgml-1 after 1 hour. In addition, the aqueous, methanol and acetone extracts of the seeds also exhibited activity against four clinical strains of Staphylococcus isolated from wound sepsis specimens. The MIC values for the aqueous extract were 10 mgml-1 for all the isolates while the acetone and methanol extracts had lower values ranging from 0.3125 - 0.625 mgml-1. The acetone extract was strongly bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus OKOH3 resulting in a 2.70 Log10 reduction in counts at 1.25 mgml-1 within 4 hours of exposure and a complete elimination of the organism after 8 hours. The bactericidal vi activity of the same extract against Staphylococcus aureus OKOH1 was weak, achieving only a 2.92 Log10 reduction in counts at 1.25 mgml-1 (4× MIC) in 24 hours. In the test for interactions between the acetone extract of the seeds and antibiotics, synergistic interactions were observed largely against Gram positive organisms using the FIC indices, (indices of 0.52 - 0.875) with combinations against Gram negatives yielding largely antagonistic interactions (indices of 2.0 to 5.0). Synergy (≥ 1000 times or ≥ 3 Log10 potentiation of the bactericidal activity) against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms was detected by time kill assays mainly involving the antibiotics tetracycline, chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and penicillin G. Combinations involving erythromycin and ciprofloxacin consistently gave antagonistic or indifferent interactions. We conclude that the acetone extract of Garcinia kola seeds possess strong bactericidal activities against both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms and can be therapeutically useful in the treatment of bacterial infections including the problematic staphylococcal wound infections. In addition, the acetone extract can be a potential source of broad spectrum resistance modifying compounds that can potentially improve the performance of antibiotics in the treatment of drug resistant infections.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Sibanda, Thulani
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Drug resistance in microorganisms , Garcinia , Antibiotics , Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Microbiology)
- Identifier: vital:11242 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/71 , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Garcinia , Antibiotics , Medicinal plants
- Description: The antibacterial potency of the extracts of the seed of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) was investigated in this study against a panel of referenced, environmental and clinical bacterial strains. The killing rates of the active extract as well as their potential for combination antibacterial therapy with standard antibiotics were also elucidated using standard procedures. The aqueous and acetone extracts of the seed were screened for activity against 27 bacterial isolates. The aqueous extract exhibited activity mainly against Gram positive organisms with Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 5 mgml-1 – 20 mgml-1, while the acetone extract showed activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms with MIC values ranging from 10 mgml-1 - 0.156 mgml-1. The acetone extract also showed rapid bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with a 3.097 Log10 reduction in counts within 4 hours at 0.3125 mgml-1 and a 1.582 Log10 reduction against Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030 at 5 mgml-1 after 1 hour. In addition, the aqueous, methanol and acetone extracts of the seeds also exhibited activity against four clinical strains of Staphylococcus isolated from wound sepsis specimens. The MIC values for the aqueous extract were 10 mgml-1 for all the isolates while the acetone and methanol extracts had lower values ranging from 0.3125 - 0.625 mgml-1. The acetone extract was strongly bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus OKOH3 resulting in a 2.70 Log10 reduction in counts at 1.25 mgml-1 within 4 hours of exposure and a complete elimination of the organism after 8 hours. The bactericidal vi activity of the same extract against Staphylococcus aureus OKOH1 was weak, achieving only a 2.92 Log10 reduction in counts at 1.25 mgml-1 (4× MIC) in 24 hours. In the test for interactions between the acetone extract of the seeds and antibiotics, synergistic interactions were observed largely against Gram positive organisms using the FIC indices, (indices of 0.52 - 0.875) with combinations against Gram negatives yielding largely antagonistic interactions (indices of 2.0 to 5.0). Synergy (≥ 1000 times or ≥ 3 Log10 potentiation of the bactericidal activity) against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms was detected by time kill assays mainly involving the antibiotics tetracycline, chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and penicillin G. Combinations involving erythromycin and ciprofloxacin consistently gave antagonistic or indifferent interactions. We conclude that the acetone extract of Garcinia kola seeds possess strong bactericidal activities against both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms and can be therapeutically useful in the treatment of bacterial infections including the problematic staphylococcal wound infections. In addition, the acetone extract can be a potential source of broad spectrum resistance modifying compounds that can potentially improve the performance of antibiotics in the treatment of drug resistant infections.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Assessment of antibacterial potentials of Garcinia Kola seed extracts and their interactions with antibiotics
- Sibanda, Thulani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6422-2871
- Authors: Sibanda, Thulani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6422-2871
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Drug resistance in microorganisms http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85039709 , Garcinia http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85053063 , Antibiotics http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85005638
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19236 , vital:43038
- Description: The antibacterial potency of the extracts of the seed of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) was investigated in this study against a panel of referenced, environmental and clinical bacterial strains. The killing rates of the active extract as well as their potential for combination antibacterial therapy with standard antibiotics were also elucidated using standard procedures. The aqueous and acetone extracts of the seed were screened for activity against 27 bacterial isolates. The aqueous extract exhibited activity mainly against Gram positive organisms with Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 5 mgml-1 – 20 mgml-1, while the acetone extract showed activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms with MIC values ranging from 10 mgml-1 - 0.156 mgml-1. The acetone extract also showed rapid bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with a 3.097 Log10 reduction in counts within 4 hours at 0.3125 mgml-1 and a 1.582 Log10 reduction against Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030 at 5 mgml-1 after 1 hour. In addition, the aqueous, methanol and acetone extracts of the seeds also exhibited activity against four clinical strains of Staphylococcus isolated from wound sepsis specimens. The MIC values for the aqueous extract were 10 mgml-1 for all the isolates while the acetone and methanol extracts had lower values ranging from 0.3125 - 0.625 mgml-1. The acetone extract was strongly bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus OKOH3 resulting in a 2.70 Log10 reduction in counts at 1.25 mgml-1 within 4 hours of exposure and a complete elimination of the organism after 8 hours. The bactericidal activity of the same extract against Staphylococcus aureus OKOH1 was weak, achieving only a 2.92 Log10 reduction in counts at 1.25 mgml-1 (4× MIC) in 24 hours. In the test for interactions between the acetone extract of the seeds and antibiotics, synergistic interactions were observed largely against Gram positive organisms using the FIC indices, (indices of 0.52 - 0.875) with combinations against Gram negatives yielding largely antagonistic interactions (indices of 2.0 to 5.0). Synergy (≥ 1000 times or ≥ 3 Log10 potentiation of the bactericidal activity) against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms was detected by time kill assays mainly involving the antibiotics tetracycline, chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and penicillin G. Combinations involving erythromycin and ciprofloxacin consistently gave antagonistic or indifferent interactions. We conclude that the acetone extract of Garcinia kola seeds possess strong bactericidal activities against both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms and can be therapeutically useful in the treatment of bacterial infections including the problematic staphylococcal wound infections. In addition, the acetone extract can be a potential source of broad spectrum resistance modifying compounds that can potentially improve the performance of antibiotics in the treatment of drug resistant infections. , Thesis (MSc)-- Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 2007
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Sibanda, Thulani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6422-2871
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Drug resistance in microorganisms http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85039709 , Garcinia http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85053063 , Antibiotics http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85005638
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19236 , vital:43038
- Description: The antibacterial potency of the extracts of the seed of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) was investigated in this study against a panel of referenced, environmental and clinical bacterial strains. The killing rates of the active extract as well as their potential for combination antibacterial therapy with standard antibiotics were also elucidated using standard procedures. The aqueous and acetone extracts of the seed were screened for activity against 27 bacterial isolates. The aqueous extract exhibited activity mainly against Gram positive organisms with Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 5 mgml-1 – 20 mgml-1, while the acetone extract showed activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms with MIC values ranging from 10 mgml-1 - 0.156 mgml-1. The acetone extract also showed rapid bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with a 3.097 Log10 reduction in counts within 4 hours at 0.3125 mgml-1 and a 1.582 Log10 reduction against Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030 at 5 mgml-1 after 1 hour. In addition, the aqueous, methanol and acetone extracts of the seeds also exhibited activity against four clinical strains of Staphylococcus isolated from wound sepsis specimens. The MIC values for the aqueous extract were 10 mgml-1 for all the isolates while the acetone and methanol extracts had lower values ranging from 0.3125 - 0.625 mgml-1. The acetone extract was strongly bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus OKOH3 resulting in a 2.70 Log10 reduction in counts at 1.25 mgml-1 within 4 hours of exposure and a complete elimination of the organism after 8 hours. The bactericidal activity of the same extract against Staphylococcus aureus OKOH1 was weak, achieving only a 2.92 Log10 reduction in counts at 1.25 mgml-1 (4× MIC) in 24 hours. In the test for interactions between the acetone extract of the seeds and antibiotics, synergistic interactions were observed largely against Gram positive organisms using the FIC indices, (indices of 0.52 - 0.875) with combinations against Gram negatives yielding largely antagonistic interactions (indices of 2.0 to 5.0). Synergy (≥ 1000 times or ≥ 3 Log10 potentiation of the bactericidal activity) against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms was detected by time kill assays mainly involving the antibiotics tetracycline, chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and penicillin G. Combinations involving erythromycin and ciprofloxacin consistently gave antagonistic or indifferent interactions. We conclude that the acetone extract of Garcinia kola seeds possess strong bactericidal activities against both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms and can be therapeutically useful in the treatment of bacterial infections including the problematic staphylococcal wound infections. In addition, the acetone extract can be a potential source of broad spectrum resistance modifying compounds that can potentially improve the performance of antibiotics in the treatment of drug resistant infections. , Thesis (MSc)-- Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 2007
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Design and implementation of a network revenue management architecture for marginalised communities
- Authors: Tarwireyi, Paul
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Computer network architectures -- South Africa -- Design and construction , Computer network protocols -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Design and construction , Revenue management , Computer networks -- Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Computer Science)
- Identifier: vital:11374 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/72 , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Computer network architectures -- South Africa -- Design and construction , Computer network protocols -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Design and construction , Revenue management , Computer networks -- Social aspects
- Description: Rural Internet connectivity projects aimed at bridging the digital divide have mushroomed across many developing countries. Most of the projects are deployed as community centred projects. In most of the cases the initial deployment of these projects is funded by governments, multilateral institutions and non-governmental organizations. After the initial deployment, financial sustainability remains one of the greatest challenges facing these projects. In the light of this, externally funded ICT4D interventions should just be used for “bootstrapping” purposes. The communities should be “groomed” to take care of and sustain these projects, eliminating as soon as possible a dependency on external funding. This master thesis presents the design and the implementation of a generic architecture for the management of the costs associated with running a computer network connected to the Internet, The proposed system, called the Network Revenue Management System, enables a network to generate revenue, by charging users for the utilization of network resources. The novelty of the system resides in its flexibility and adaptability, which allow the exploration of both conventional and non-conventional billing options, via the use of suitable ‘adapters’. The final goal of the exploration made possible by this system is the establishment of what is regarded as equitable charging in rural, marginalized communities - such as the community in Dwesa, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Tarwireyi, Paul
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Computer network architectures -- South Africa -- Design and construction , Computer network protocols -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Design and construction , Revenue management , Computer networks -- Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Computer Science)
- Identifier: vital:11374 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/72 , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Computer network architectures -- South Africa -- Design and construction , Computer network protocols -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Design and construction , Revenue management , Computer networks -- Social aspects
- Description: Rural Internet connectivity projects aimed at bridging the digital divide have mushroomed across many developing countries. Most of the projects are deployed as community centred projects. In most of the cases the initial deployment of these projects is funded by governments, multilateral institutions and non-governmental organizations. After the initial deployment, financial sustainability remains one of the greatest challenges facing these projects. In the light of this, externally funded ICT4D interventions should just be used for “bootstrapping” purposes. The communities should be “groomed” to take care of and sustain these projects, eliminating as soon as possible a dependency on external funding. This master thesis presents the design and the implementation of a generic architecture for the management of the costs associated with running a computer network connected to the Internet, The proposed system, called the Network Revenue Management System, enables a network to generate revenue, by charging users for the utilization of network resources. The novelty of the system resides in its flexibility and adaptability, which allow the exploration of both conventional and non-conventional billing options, via the use of suitable ‘adapters’. The final goal of the exploration made possible by this system is the establishment of what is regarded as equitable charging in rural, marginalized communities - such as the community in Dwesa, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Development of a web-based interface for a wireless sensor network monitoring system
- Authors: Gumbo, Sibukele
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Wireless LAN , Sensor networks , Wireless communication systems , Web sites -- Design , User interfaces (Computer systems)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Computer Science)
- Identifier: vital:11372 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/68 , Wireless LAN , Sensor networks , Wireless communication systems , Web sites -- Design , User interfaces (Computer systems)
- Description: In the recent past, wireless sensor technology has undergone advancements in its autonomous data collecting aspects, and has become an area worth investigating in relation to structural monitoring applications. The system described in this thesis aims at acquiring, storing and displaying overhead transmission line related data collected from a wireless sensor network. Open source tools were used in its development and implementation. The inherent linearly aligned topology of transmission line monitoring devices is not without shortcomings; hence analysis of linear node placement, hardware and software components was carried out to determine the feasibility of the system. Their limited data processing capabilities has motivated the development of a post processing wireless sensor application in order to present any collected structural data in an understandable format.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Gumbo, Sibukele
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Wireless LAN , Sensor networks , Wireless communication systems , Web sites -- Design , User interfaces (Computer systems)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Computer Science)
- Identifier: vital:11372 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/68 , Wireless LAN , Sensor networks , Wireless communication systems , Web sites -- Design , User interfaces (Computer systems)
- Description: In the recent past, wireless sensor technology has undergone advancements in its autonomous data collecting aspects, and has become an area worth investigating in relation to structural monitoring applications. The system described in this thesis aims at acquiring, storing and displaying overhead transmission line related data collected from a wireless sensor network. Open source tools were used in its development and implementation. The inherent linearly aligned topology of transmission line monitoring devices is not without shortcomings; hence analysis of linear node placement, hardware and software components was carried out to determine the feasibility of the system. Their limited data processing capabilities has motivated the development of a post processing wireless sensor application in order to present any collected structural data in an understandable format.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007