https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53435 Wed 20 Jul 2022 11:15:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:44177 Wed 18 Aug 2021 14:25:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35455 Wed 12 May 2021 23:59:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9400 Wed 12 May 2021 23:26:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11304 Wed 12 May 2021 23:12:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3421 Wed 12 May 2021 23:11:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3743 Wed 12 May 2021 23:03:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2112 Wed 12 May 2021 22:58:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9872 Wed 12 May 2021 22:58:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9482 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8619 Wed 12 May 2021 22:53:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9507 Wed 12 May 2021 22:33:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5554 Wed 12 May 2021 22:30:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35461 150 cm TL, >30 kg; Bruton 1976), long-lived (validated to at least 15 years, Weyl & Booth 2008) and fast-growing (Bruton & Allanson 1980; Quick & Bruton 1984; Richardson et al. 2009) fish that attains sexual maturity within two years of age (de Moor & Bruton 1988). It is eurythermic (80–35°C), mesohalic (0–10 ppt) and has the ability to airbreathe. These attributes predispose it to surviving in all but the most adverse of conditions and have directly contributed to its wide use as an aquaculture species. These attributes have also contributed to its ability to invade waterbodies beyond its natural range (de Moor & Bruton 1988) and after inadvertent introductions such as by escape from aquaculture facilities or through water transfer schemes, C. gariepinus has established populations in many non-native environments. Such invasions include the Philippines (Mercene 1997), Bangladesh (Arthur & Ahmed 2002), Thailand (Vidthayanon 2005), India (Bhakta & Bandyopadhyay 2007) and Brazil (Cambray 2005; Vitule et al. 2006; Rocha & Schiavetti 2007). In South Africa, C. gariepinus invaded the temperate Great Fish River catchment after the species was translocated from the Orange River through a Interbasin Water Transfer (IBWT) scheme (Laurenson et al. 1989). Potential threats include predation of and competition with indigenous species, habitat degradation, and the spread of diseases and parasites (Dudgeon et al. 2006).]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:23:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37932 Wed 12 May 2021 20:28:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4332 Wed 12 May 2021 20:25:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35938 Wed 12 May 2021 20:23:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7590 Wed 12 May 2021 20:10:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7586 Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1612 Wed 12 May 2021 19:56:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5709 0.05 in both cases). The Reed Cormorant (Phalacrocorax africanus) was the dominant species throughout the study, with a mean of 8.25 (SD ± 7.90) individuals per count. Mean values of the Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) and Giant Kingfisher (Megaceryle maximus) were 3.42 (SD ± 1.20) and 1.17 (SD ± 0.60) individuals per count, respectively. The remaining species revealed mean values < 0.5 individuals per count. The highest bird numbers were recorded in winter reflecting the migration of large numbers of the Reed Cormorant into the system. Breaching events were associated with a decrease in total bird numbers, which was most likely due to loss of potential foraging habitat (littoral zone) for waders resulting from reduced water levels. Monthly food consumption by all piscivorous birds revealed large temporal variability, ranging from 26.35 to 140.58 kg per month. The observed variability could be linked to mouth phase and bird numbers.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:41:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:747 Wed 12 May 2021 19:30:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9373 Wed 12 May 2021 19:27:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11268 5 mg/ml for all the extracts. Average log reductions in viable cell counts for all the extracts ranged between 0.1 Log10 and 7.5 Log10 cfu/ml after 12 h interaction at 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC. Most of the extracts were rapidly bactericidal at 2 × MIC achieving a complete elimination of most of the test organisms within 12 h exposure time. The effect of combinations of the crude extracts of H. pedunculatum leaves and eight antibiotics was investigated by means of checkerboard and time-kill methods. In the checkerboard method, synergies of between 45.83-56.81 percent were observed and this is independent of Gram reaction, with combinations in the aqueous extract yielding largely antagonistic interactions (18.75 percent). The time kill assay also detected synergy that is independent of Gram reaction with a ≥ 3Log10 potentiation of the bactericidal activity of the test antibiotics. We conclude that the crude leaf extracts of H. pedunculatum could be potential source of broad spectrum antibiotics resistance modulating compounds. The interactions between crude extracts of H. longifolium in combination with six first-line antibiotics using both the time-kill and the checkerboard methods were carried out. The time-kill method revealed the highest bactericidal activity exemplified by a 6.7 Log10 reduction in cell density against Salmonella sp. when the extract and Penicillin G are combined at ½ × MIC. Synergistic response constituted about 65 percent, while indifference and antagonism constituted about 28.33 percent and 6.67 percent in the time kill assay, respectively. The checkerboard method also revealed that the extracts improved bactericidal effects of the antibiotics. About 61.67 percent of all the interactions were synergistic, while indifference interactions constituted about 26.67 percent and antagonistic interactions was observed in approximately 11.66 percent. The in vitro antioxidant property and phytochemical constituents of the aqueous crude leaf extracts of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum was investigated. The scavenging activity on superoxide anions, DPPH, H2O2, NO and ABTS; and the reducing power were determined, as well as the flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and phenolic contents of the extracts. The extracts exhibited scavenging activity in all radicals tested due to the presence of relatively high total phenol and flavonoids contents in the extracts. Our findings suggest that H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum are endowed with antioxidant phytochemicals and could serve as a base for future drugs. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the leaves of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum yielded two known compounds. From the n-hexane fraction of H. longifolium a compound was isolated (Stigmasterol) and from the ethyl acetate fraction of H. pedunculatum another compound (β-sitosterol) was isolated. The compounds were isolated and identified using various techniques. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of these compounds have been reported in literatures. In general, the experiments and tests conducted in this study appear to have justified the folkloric medicinal uses of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum for the treatment of stress related ailments and wound infections and make a substantial contribution to the knowledge base of the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of the microbial infections.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:21:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36902 1000 km3 dense rock equivalent) and large-magnitude (> M8) eruptions produce really extensive (104–105 km2) basaltic lava flow fields and silicic ignimbrites that are the main building blocks of LIPs.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:04:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8655 Wed 12 May 2021 18:53:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9037 Wed 12 May 2021 18:52:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3950 Wed 12 May 2021 18:43:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7786 Wed 12 May 2021 18:26:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10696 Wed 12 May 2021 18:24:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8200 Wed 12 May 2021 17:47:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4743 Wed 12 May 2021 17:38:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10565 Wed 12 May 2021 17:35:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10694 Wed 12 May 2021 17:08:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2130 Wed 12 May 2021 17:06:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8663 Wed 12 May 2021 16:51:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11363 Wed 12 May 2021 16:37:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38200 Wed 12 May 2021 16:26:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11618 Wed 12 May 2021 16:26:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4335 Wed 12 May 2021 16:06:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10141 Wed 12 May 2021 15:46:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6353 Wed 12 May 2021 15:46:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40348 Wed 12 May 2021 14:05:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53434 Wed 10 Aug 2022 14:38:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53537 Wed 10 Aug 2022 14:31:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53539 Wed 10 Aug 2022 14:25:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7237 Wed 10 Apr 2024 15:23:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53430 Wed 10 Apr 2024 15:21:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40297 Wed 07 Jul 2021 11:28:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51689 Tue 31 May 2022 23:07:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3417 Tue 31 Aug 2021 09:51:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53380 Tue 19 Jul 2022 13:54:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29747 Tue 06 Jul 2021 09:22:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2129 Thu 13 May 2021 09:55:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7238 Thu 13 May 2021 08:51:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3845 Thu 13 May 2021 08:22:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9478 Thu 13 May 2021 08:13:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35634 Thu 13 May 2021 08:08:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2427 Thu 13 May 2021 07:36:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2762 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:769 Thu 13 May 2021 07:26:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10377 Thu 13 May 2021 07:15:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10130 Thu 13 May 2021 07:12:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9746 Thu 13 May 2021 07:09:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38198 Thu 13 May 2021 07:03:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8389 Thu 13 May 2021 06:54:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9629 75 percent joint efficiency). High Vickers microhardness values were measured at the joint interfaces, which corresponded with the intermetallic compounds. The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of thin layers of intermetallics in nanoscale at the interfacial regions. The diffractograms of the X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed small peaks for intermetallics in some of the welds. Low electrical resistivities were measured at the joint interfaces. The statistical analysis showed that the downward vertical force, (Fz) can significantly influence the resulting weld qualities. An overall summary of the analysis of the weld qualities - with respect to the shoulder diameter tools employed showed that the 18 mm shoulder diameter tool is most appropriate among the three shoulder diameters considered, and a process window of medium spindle speed of 950 rpm and low-to-medium feed rate between 50 and 150 mm/min is established for FSW of Aluminium and Copper. Welds produced at 1200 rpm and 300 mm/min with low heat input did not have intermetallics formed at the joint interface.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:36:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11939 Thu 13 May 2021 06:31:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9994 Thu 13 May 2021 06:22:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6868 Thu 13 May 2021 06:16:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8202 Thu 13 May 2021 06:09:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38199 Thu 13 May 2021 06:00:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29828 Thu 13 May 2021 05:52:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10321 sCD23>derCD23) for IgE, upon increasing length of the proximal CD23 “stalk” domain. These findings highlight the differences in both the structural basis and affinity of the three physiological fragments of human CD23 for the ligands CD21 and IgE and underscore the complexity of CD23-mediated regulatory networks. It was found that B-cells only make up ~5% of the PBMC population, and that these cells were able to be activated, via STAT-6 phosphorylation, to enter class switch recombination (CSR) by the addition of switch factors (IL-4 and anti-CD40). Titration experiments dictated that 25 ng/mL of CD23 was the most efficient concentration to up-regulate IgE synthesis in PBMCs; furthermore, soluble CD23 proteins were incubated with PBMCs in the presence and absence of CD21 SCR 1-2 to investigate the effect that these recombinant proteins have on IgE synthesis. Results showed that the influence of recombinant proteins (both CD23 and CD21) on IgE synthesis was slight. It was shown that while derCD23 had no significant effect, monomeric sCD23 down-regulated, and the mixture of monomeric and oligomeric exCD23 up-regulated IgE synthesis. On addition of CD21 SCR 1-2 to the cells switched and treated with soluble CD23, it was found that in both cases for sCD23 and exCD23, IgE synthesis was increased, while for derCD23, there was no noticeable difference in IgE synthesis. This confirmed previous data showing the lack of binding between derCD23 and CD21 SCR 1-2. The exact binding site for CD21 on the CD23 molecule is unknown, and incompletely represented in the NMR and crystal structures. It is thought that CD21 binds to the C-terminal tail section, not present in derCD23. It is therefore likely that only a negative-feedback mechanism operates with derCD23 to regulate IgE synthesis. Further investigation of the binding of CD23 fragments to SCR 5-8 of CD21 and the effect of this on IgE synthesis may lead to a potential therapeutic role for derCD23 in the treatment of allergic disease. Data accumulated in this study suggests that investigating the modulation of oligomeric state and thus the activity of soluble CD23 fragments may be important in the construction of new regulators of IgE synthesis.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:44:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11537 Thu 13 May 2021 05:26:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9341 Thu 13 May 2021 04:41:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8575 Thu 13 May 2021 04:13:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4294 Thu 13 May 2021 04:10:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11509 Thu 13 May 2021 04:07:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10322 Thu 13 May 2021 03:37:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9993 Thu 13 May 2021 03:21:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2845 Thu 13 May 2021 02:38:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9427 Thu 13 May 2021 02:23:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9644 Thu 13 May 2021 02:16:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35612 Thu 13 May 2021 01:49:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8662 Thu 13 May 2021 00:49:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5114 Thu 13 May 2021 00:18:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16138 Thu 13 May 2021 00:16:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9617 Thu 13 May 2021 00:15:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2929 Thu 13 May 2021 00:13:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16158 Thu 13 May 2021 00:04:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6352 Thu 11 Aug 2022 13:00:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40631 Thu 01 Feb 2024 09:03:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51782 Sat 04 Jun 2022 15:59:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51781 Sat 04 Jun 2022 15:51:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51778 Sat 04 Jun 2022 14:40:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51777 Sat 04 Jun 2022 14:27:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30637 Mon 05 Jul 2021 15:12:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6493 Mon 03 Apr 2023 12:03:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10178 Fri 15 Mar 2024 13:11:24 SAST ]]>