https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20531 Wed 12 May 2021 23:48:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20528 = 50 million carats at >= 95% gem quality, for example, the Orange-Vaal dispersal, off the Kaapvaal craton in South Africa. On craton placers are residual, and transient placers are eroded and deposited into the exit drainage, while terminal placers, the final depositories of diamonds with the highest chances of being mega-placers are deposited into terminal basins like oceans and foreland basins. Though data is limited at the moment, the Umkondo conglomerates caratage is likely to run into hundreds of millions of carats, with a diamond gem content of between twenty and twenty-five percent, as is indicated from recent diamond production data. The greater part of the Umkondo diamonds are likely to be lodged beneath the deep gravels of the Middle and Lower Save River basin, because small remnant tilted mountain blocks and inselbergs forming the caps of hills are what remains of the host conglomerate on the western margin of the Umkondo Basin. Areas to be examined in this document will be the geology; the mode of formation of the Umkondo basin and its sedimentary system; the regional kimberlite exploration around the basin; and diamond production in the Marange diamond field, in order to come up with indications of the provenance of the diamonds within the Umkondo conglomerates. The kimberlite clusters in and around the Umkondo sedimentary basin have all proved to be barren or only nominally diamondiferous and that the kimberlites are between 200Ma and 500Ma and thus much younger than the greater than 1.1Ga Umkondo diamondiferous conglomerates. Studies so far undertaken have not managed to point to the origin, or provenance, of the Umkondo or Marange diamonds, which were discovered on the western edge of the Umkondo Basin and in the east of the basin below the Chimanimani Mountains along the Haroni River. This paper is an attempt to clear up some of the misconceptions surrounding the Marange diamond deposit and to raise interest in the urgent rquirement to study and understand the Umkondo Basin and the origin of its diamonds. The only meaningful studies on diamond occurrence and diamond exploration of the basin were undertaken from 1996 to 2006 by Kimberlitic Searches Zimbabwe (Pvt) Ltd, the then Zimbabwe kimberlite exploration arm of De Beers, Zimbabwe, in their quest to find kimberlites, which were thought to be related to the Umkondo alluvial diamond deposit. As will be shown in the following chapters, many of the discovered kimberlites range from very low grade to non-diamondiferous, and are much younger than the Umkondo conglomerates, whose diamonds are in turn a great deal older. Thus the basic question concerning the origin or provenance of the Umkondo placer diamonds still remains unresolved. Because of the sheer size of the basin, modern, wide-area-coverage, geophysical exploration methods become appropriate to effectively generate diamond potential targets for further examination. This document will attempt to collate various data available to paint a true picture of the state of exploration within the Umkondo Basin.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 23:46:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32744 Wed 12 May 2021 23:43:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28493 0.05) by the treatments applied. The herbage height and basal cover had greater values (P<0.05) under rested plus chopping (CR) treatment followed by grazed plus chopping (GC). Grass biomass production and essential nutrients showed a greater concentration (P<0.05) under CR treatment than any treatments applied. The results on perceptions revealed that goats had the highest mean household holding number than any other livestock species across the selected villages in all the villages. Respondents indicated that both goats and cattle had equal or more importance than sheep. Three out of four villages raised cattle primarily for income generation and secondarily for cultural purposes like slaughtering during weddings ceremonies, amazila and also during woman circumcisions (Ntonjane). Similarly, goats and sheep were primarily raised for cash income generation. The results revealed that livestock population decreased over ten to twenty years (one-two decades) and poor rangeland condition is assumed to be the cause of the situation as feed is the key factor for production. The area was dominated by the grasses rather than by browse woody species so the above results are possible as the P. incana is more competitive than grasses. It was concluded that P. incana is detrimental to both rangeland and animal production. Forage and animal performance as well as farmers’ economic status (livelihoods) were negatively affected by P. incana invasion and the scientific assessment reported it to be detrimental to agriculture. Thus chopping and resting (CR) treatment resulted in a greater improvement of the basal cover, biomass production, soil nutrients as well as grass height than the other treatments applied. Therefore it can be concluded that chopping and resting the veld invaded with P. incana can improve the range and consequently animal production.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 23:41:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39114 Wed 12 May 2021 23:40:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28251 Wed 12 May 2021 23:40:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20525 Wed 12 May 2021 23:28:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27795 Wed 12 May 2021 23:26:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20354 Wed 12 May 2021 23:22:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20432 Wed 12 May 2021 23:21:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20536 Wed 12 May 2021 23:19:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28071 Wed 12 May 2021 23:18:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29399 Wed 12 May 2021 23:06:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20011 Wed 12 May 2021 23:04:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26950 Wed 12 May 2021 23:00:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28066 0.05) between Dense, Mixed and Moderate bushland. Woody plant density in all these sites exceed 2500 plants/ha, which showed that the rangeland was encroached with woody plants. Soil nutrient content was determined for each site. Five samples of soil were collected per site to test the effect of bush encroachment on soil nutrient composition. The concentration of nitrogen and soil pH increased with increase in bush density, while that of potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium and sulphur showed no significant differences (P>0.05) across all homogenous vegetation units. The study revealed that Sheshegu communal farmers are aware of both negative and positive effects of encroachment on their community, and also argue that the government is not willing to support communal farmers in the process of reducing the spread of bush encroachment. It was concluded that the concentration of nitrogen and soil pH increased with increasing bush density and that bush encroachment had negative effects on herbaceous species. It was recommended that communal farmers should be formulating rangeland rules and regulations to manage rangeland resources. Rangeland rules and regulations should be based on the management of livestock management during grazing and harvesting of rangeland resources. The harvesting of woody and good timing of application of fire can also reduce the spread of bush encroachment. Veld resting and rotational grazing can also improve fuel load which is required for burning of woody plants. Furthermore, Department of agriculture should also provide workshops or training to communal farmers use different approaches or cheap ways of reducing bush encroachment and conserving rangeland resources.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 23:00:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39627 0.05) in the concentration of OC, Ca, and Mg between the communities and seasons. Phosphorus (P) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in winter (concentrations) in most of the sites, except the top sites of Mbizana where summer concentration of P was significantly higher than winter. Potassium (K) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in summer than in winter in most of the HVUs, except the topland areas of Njwaxa and Mbizana sloppy areas where there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the concentration of K. Soil pH did not display any significant differences (p>0.05) between communities and sites. The mean soil pH recorded in this study was 5.4 implying the soils of Njwaxa and Mbizana communities were acidic. It is evident that communal farmers are well aware of their rangeland condition, changes occurring in their rangelands, their causes and are capable of suggesting some solutions in controlling the declining condition of the rangelands. This study has shown the importance of engaging farmers’ inputs in range assessment since those are people bearing the consequences of rangeland degradation.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:52:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25975 Wed 12 May 2021 22:43:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20538 Wed 12 May 2021 22:36:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19959 Wed 12 May 2021 22:22:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27417 Wed 12 May 2021 20:55:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39120 Wed 12 May 2021 20:11:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26591 Wed 12 May 2021 20:00:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36682 Wed 12 May 2021 19:52:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27558 Wed 12 May 2021 19:50:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31457 Wed 12 May 2021 19:48:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21128 Wed 12 May 2021 19:46:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20343 Wed 12 May 2021 19:39:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27755 Wed 12 May 2021 19:36:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26592 Wed 12 May 2021 19:00:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27124 Wed 12 May 2021 18:44:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28598 Wed 12 May 2021 18:27:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20347 Wed 12 May 2021 18:22:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20342 Wed 12 May 2021 18:22:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26946 Wed 12 May 2021 18:17:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28064 Wed 12 May 2021 18:17:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27299 Wed 12 May 2021 18:10:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27584 Wed 12 May 2021 17:48:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20379 Wed 12 May 2021 17:45:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27938 Wed 12 May 2021 17:34:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20350 Wed 12 May 2021 17:31:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20376 Wed 12 May 2021 17:27:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5946 Wed 12 May 2021 17:18:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27015 Wed 12 May 2021 17:16:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4724 Wed 12 May 2021 17:13:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20285 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39115 Wed 12 May 2021 16:37:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27046 S-NSN (12.70 mg/g) > S-TETA (4.97 mg/g). The extraction patterns on the sorbent materials were explained by considering the coordination chemistry of the ligand with [PdCl4]2ˉ and ionic interactions of [PtCl6]2ˉ and [IrCl5(H2O]ˉ. The square planar complexes, [Pd(HNSSNH)Cl2]Cl2 and [Pd(NSNH)Cl2][PdCl4]2, were isolated, analyzed by spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray, whereas evidence of the fraction of Pd(II)-TETA complex was obtained by HPLC studies. This provided proof of the inner sphere coordination mechanism as the mode of interaction of these ligands with [PdCl4]2ˉ. Trace amounts of Brˉ anions in ligands resulted in the inadvertent isolation of bromide coordinated Pd(II) NSN and NSSN complexes. The ion-pair salts of [TETAH4]4+ with [PtCl6]2ˉ, [IrCl6]3ˉ and [RhCl6]3ˉ were also isolated and characterized by microanalysis and IR to further explain the extraction patterns.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 16:29:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20537 Wed 12 May 2021 16:13:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27045 Wed 12 May 2021 16:10:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28542 Wed 12 May 2021 16:09:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20348 Wed 12 May 2021 16:06:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4172 Wed 12 May 2021 16:06:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20503 Wed 12 May 2021 16:03:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27874 0.05) were noted between proximate composition of fresh and frozen/thawed minced meat. The lipid content of fallow deer was 2.4 percent (±0.04). Total n3 fatty acids differed (P<0.05) between treatments and decreased with increased storage and display day. There were significant (P<0.05) treatment and time interactions on all measured colour parameters, TBARS and myoglobin forms. Fresh mince was lighter and had higher redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values than mince from two months frozen stored meat. Hue angle for fresh mince remained stable throughout display whereas it increased for frozen/thawed mince. Fresh mince had lower TBARS values than frozen/thawed mince. Minced meat produced from frozen/thawed deer meat had higher surface met-myoglobin and total met-myoglobin percentages. Surface and total oxy-myoglobin percentage was higher in fresh mince. The first trial clearly showed colour and lipid stability differences between fresh mince and mince from frozen/thawed meat. It also showed that fresh mince has a longer retail display life than mince produced from frozen/thawed meat (six days and four days, respectively). In the second trial, the effects of frozen storage duration on colour and lipid stability were investigated. Twenty-four fallow deer were used. Twelve were harvested in June (6male 6female) and the other twelve in August (6 male 6female) of the same year.Twenty four hours after harvesting, the fore and hindquarter muscles of the carcasses were deboned, vacuum packed and kept at -20°C until October (i.e. 2months and 4months frozen storage period). Upon thawing, the meat was processed into mince following the same procedure used for the first trialand displayed for a fiveday period under retail display conditions. Frozen duration and gender had no effect (P>0.05) on the proximate composition of fallow deer meat. The total amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased and total amount of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased as frozen duration and display day increased (P<0.05). Frozen duration affected (P<0.01) lipid oxidation and percentage oxy-myoglobin. Mince pH and all colour parameters (L*, a*, b*,hue and chroma) differed (P<0.05) between treatments on day zero and three. Display day was a significant factor (P<0.05) on all measured parameters. By day three all parameters except pH showed signs of extended oxidation and discolouration as evidenced by reduced redness, decreased colour intensity and high TBARS values. This study showed that prolonged frozen storage negatively affects the colour and lipid stability of meat and increases oxidation of PUFAs during frozen storage. However, the study also suggests that although frozen/thawed meat has a shorter retail display shelf life; the proximate composition of the meat remains unchanged.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 16:01:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20372 0.05 The opposite effect, though barely noticeable was recorded for lantana variety 018; here, the dry weights of individual plant parts and as whole plants weighed more in the plants exposed to both densities of weevil feeding and galling after 70 days, compared to its controls. Coelocephalapion camarae herbivory may thus be more effective in inflicting damage on some L. camara varieties compared to others. The effects of late season carbohydrate storage revealed that, from early- to mid-autumn starch concentrations increased significantly in stems of both L. camara varieties and L. camara var. 018 had larger starch reserves for winter. In L. camara var. 018 stems, starch increased 52 times and concentrations doubled in stems of L. camara var 017. The increase in the sugar and decrease in starch concentrations in leaves of plants of both varieties exposed to apionids in this study was attributed to a possible reduction of available nitrogen and phosphorus, due to apionid feeding, whilst starch was reallocated within the plants to stems and roots. The increase in starch concentrations in stems of plants that were exposed to apionids may have been expected, as compensation for herbivory has been associated with, increases in photosynthetic rates and the mobilization of stored resources. Herbivory by the apionid early in the growing season may be easily compensated for by L. camara as there are nutrient flushes experienced by plants that allows the maximum uptake of nutrients facilitating recovery, whereas later in the season plants suffer lower nutrient availability and don’t recover so readily. Both early and late in the season the accumulated effects of C. camarae feeding over time will undoubtedly decrease fitness of most lantana varieties.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:52:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40401 0.05) between the APC of raw beef (4.8 Log CFU/g), mutton (3.7 Log CFU/g) and pork (2.8 Log CFU/g) and also the cooked beef (1.5 Log CFU/g), mutton (1.3 Log CFU/g) and pork (1.9 Log CFU/g) samples. A similar trend was observed in the values of Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) counts in raw and cooked meat samples. However, a positive correlation between Aerobic plate counts (APC) and Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) (P<0.001) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (P<0.01) was found in the study. It can, therefore, be concluded that there were no differences in the microbial counts of raw and cooked meat sold in the informal markets of Nkonkobe and Buffalo City Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 14:42:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40154 0.05) on breast and drumsticks. Moringa oleifera leaf meal had a significant effect on carcass weights, control diet had heavier weights (1185g ± 28.96) compared to chickens fed with MOLM diets (1121g±28.96, 1070g ± 28.96, 1030g± 28.96). Broilers fed with MOLM had higher values of lightness (L*) and (b*) values (P<0.05) at 45 minutes and 24 hours and no difference was observed in redness (a*) at 45 minutes and 24 hours. The L* values dropped at 24 hours for all the treatments and MOLM fed broilers had the lowest values (46.59 ± 0.76,46 ± 0.76,49 ± 0.76) compared to the control diet (50 ± 0.76). The pH levels were comparable after 24 hours; T2 had the highest pH values (5.95 ± 0.024) compared to other treatments (5.90 ± 0.024, 5.75 ± 0.024, 5.73 ± 0.024). The results of this study demonstrated that even though the FI was reduced in MOLM fed broilers, they efficiently consumed and used nutrients, as a result MOLM fed birds had higher weights and low ammonia concentration throughout the experiment, which may improve the house environment without affecting the quality of meat.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 14:21:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40256 Wed 12 May 2021 13:56:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20351 Wed 12 Jul 2023 19:04:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28624 Tue 07 May 2024 11:01:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20381 Thu 29 Sep 2022 14:28:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20319 Thu 16 Mar 2023 12:59:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20534 Thu 13 May 2021 12:05:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20355 Thu 13 May 2021 08:11:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20501 Thu 13 May 2021 07:40:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27050 Thu 13 May 2021 07:37:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20331 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28144 Thu 13 May 2021 07:09:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26650 Thu 13 May 2021 07:08:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20766 Thu 13 May 2021 07:07:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20500 Thu 13 May 2021 07:01:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5387 Thu 13 May 2021 06:57:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27557 Thu 13 May 2021 06:35:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20383 Thu 13 May 2021 06:26:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29391 Thu 13 May 2021 06:19:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26437 Thu 13 May 2021 06:14:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20023 Thu 13 May 2021 06:09:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20975 Thu 13 May 2021 05:39:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19954 Thu 13 May 2021 05:29:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6056 Thu 13 May 2021 05:14:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4894 Thu 13 May 2021 04:52:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27140 Thu 13 May 2021 04:46:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28125 Thu 13 May 2021 04:44:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4275 Thu 13 May 2021 04:15:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28592 Thu 13 May 2021 03:43:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39734 Thu 13 May 2021 03:33:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31481 Thu 13 May 2021 03:20:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20529 Thu 13 May 2021 02:37:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20349 Thu 13 May 2021 02:36:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39253 0.05) difference among all the treatments ranging from 1.44 to 1.62 in fresh forage and ranging from 1.31 to 1.50 in the dry forage. In terms of dry matter content, the control treatment had the highest dry matter content of 37.78percent, however, all the other treatments did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) from each other. There was no significant effect of P application (P > 0.05) in terms of ash, EE, ADF, CP, Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe of the whole plant forage among the treatments. The application of 40 kg P/ha fertilizer significantly (P < 0.05) increased the NDF (51.16percent) of the whole plant of Mucuna compared to the other treatments which did not differ (p>0.05) among themselves. Within the stem fraction there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences among the treatments for the ash, EE, ADF, NDF, and CP, hemicellulose, Ca, Mg, K, P, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe contents. However, the application of 40 kg P/ha fertilizer significantly (P < 0.05) increased the Na (0.05percent) content of the Mucuna stem fraction. In the leaf fraction of Mucuna there was no significant (P > 0.05) differences in terms of ash, EE, ADF, NDF, CP, hemicellulose, Ca, K, P, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe among the treatments. However, the application of 20 kg P/ha fertilizer significantly (P < 0.05) increased the Mg (0.52percent) of the Mucuna leaves compared to the other treatments. Therefore the study has shown that increase in P application (60 kg P/ha) has no major effect in the nutrient content of Mucuna. Furthermore, it is recommended that Mucuna can be grown as a protein supplement, based on the CP content values that were recorded in this study and to provide maintenance requirements for ruminants. It was therefore concluded that phosphorus fertilization particularly 60 kg P/ha is necessary and required for optimum growth of Mucuna pruriens in order to increase forage yield. Based on the nutrient content result it was concluded that there was no effect of P fertilizer application levels on the nutrient content of Mucuna pruriens in Alice.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 02:28:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39321 Thu 13 May 2021 02:20:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20021 Thu 13 May 2021 02:05:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39317 Thu 13 May 2021 02:02:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39656 Thu 13 May 2021 01:56:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20353 Thu 13 May 2021 01:43:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20530 Thu 13 May 2021 01:29:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26949 Thu 13 May 2021 01:23:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20502 Thu 13 May 2021 01:16:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27837 Thu 13 May 2021 00:17:33 SAST ]]>