https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27123 Wed 13 Mar 2024 09:58:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20846 Wed 12 May 2021 23:23:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26941 Wed 12 May 2021 23:10:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21168 Wed 12 May 2021 22:59:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26556 Wed 12 May 2021 22:55:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20344 Wed 12 May 2021 22:44:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27167 Wed 12 May 2021 22:40:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27160 Wed 12 May 2021 20:26:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21316 Wed 12 May 2021 20:25:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2387 Wed 12 May 2021 20:25:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29449 Wed 12 May 2021 20:24:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2893 Wed 12 May 2021 20:22:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27100 Wed 12 May 2021 20:19:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20909 Wed 12 May 2021 20:16:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26902 Wed 12 May 2021 20:07:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:24993 Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39116 Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19957 Wed 12 May 2021 19:55:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29091 Wed 12 May 2021 19:49:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28645 Wed 12 May 2021 19:19:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20014 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20046 Wed 12 May 2021 19:10:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27048 Wed 12 May 2021 19:10:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26926 Wed 12 May 2021 18:52:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20559 Wed 12 May 2021 18:45:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20041 Wed 12 May 2021 18:36:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20589 Wed 12 May 2021 18:34:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20575 Wed 12 May 2021 18:22:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20469 Wed 12 May 2021 18:13:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20632 Wed 12 May 2021 17:57:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35036 Wed 12 May 2021 17:40:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20614 Wed 12 May 2021 17:35:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6004 Wed 12 May 2021 17:08:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39798 Wed 12 May 2021 16:49:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27047 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21153 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27122 Wed 12 May 2021 16:44:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20047 Wed 12 May 2021 16:34:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20820 Wed 12 May 2021 16:30:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21787 Wed 12 May 2021 16:26:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20844 Wed 12 May 2021 16:24:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21312 Wed 12 May 2021 16:20:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6016 Wed 12 May 2021 16:12:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27279 Wed 12 May 2021 16:01:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20063 Wed 12 May 2021 15:52:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40571 Wed 12 May 2021 14:38:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40404 Wed 12 May 2021 13:58:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39224 0.05) were found amongst all growth performance parameters. The cost efficient treatment to feed, which accumulated the cheapest cost of feed per weight gain (R33.62/kg gain) was T2 (5percent BSC+MM). The second trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding diets containing graded levels of baoabab (A. digitata) seedcake on performance, apparent digestibility and digestive organ weights of broilers chickens. A total of 200 Ross 308 day-old chicks of mixed sex were randomly allocated into 4 treatment groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4). The trial diets were as follows: T1 (control), was a commercial starter diet; while T2, T3 and T4 diets contained baobab seedcake meal at 0, 5, 10, and 15percent; respectively. Inclusion of BSC in diets only affected FI during the first and third weeks. In the first week, FI had significant differences (P < 0.05) during the first and third week of the trial, respectively. Birds in T4 had the least FI, while those in T3 had the highest (P<0.05). In the third week, T3 birds had the highest FI (P<0.05), while T1 birds had the lowest. Significant differences for changes in bodyweight were only evident in the second and forth weeks of the study. During week 2, birds in T had the highest BWG, whereas T4 birds had the lowest (P<0.05); however, in week 4, there were no statistical differences (P>0.05) amongst birds in T1, T2 and T4; respectively, while T4 had the lowest BWG (P<0.05). The FCR was not statistically different among treatment groups, except in week 3, where it was highest in T4birds with T3 birds having the lowest (P<0.05). No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed among treatment groups for all parameters that were considered for digestibility and digestive organ weights. Due to the fact that two different trials were conducted, it was concluded that blend of baobab seedcake and maize from the first trial can be supplemented up to 5 percent replacement level for optimum production; while up to 10 percent baobab seedcake graded level can be used on the second trial without resulting in any negative consequences on growth performance, nutrient utilization and digestive organ weights.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 16:43:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26915 Thu 13 May 2021 13:48:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27125 Thu 13 May 2021 13:06:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20012 Thu 13 May 2021 12:50:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28634 Thu 13 May 2021 12:26:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39104 Thu 13 May 2021 08:52:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28468 Thu 13 May 2021 08:48:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27130 Thu 13 May 2021 08:11:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39252 Thu 13 May 2021 08:10:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26916 Thu 13 May 2021 08:04:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1210 Thu 13 May 2021 07:18:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35004 Thu 13 May 2021 07:10:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29089 Thu 13 May 2021 07:06:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27141 Thu 13 May 2021 07:03:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20393 Thu 13 May 2021 06:58:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27119 Thu 13 May 2021 06:55:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5390 0.05). After prolonged irrigation with treated BE, sodium is likely to build up in the soil and this can be expected to be accompanied by a deterioration in the soil physical structure. However, crops species such as millet (Echinochloa esculenta), lucerne (Medicago sativa) and saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) reduced the build-up of sodium in the soil. The results suggest that sodium was mainly removed from the soil through plant-assisted leaching. Of the crops grown, lucerne showed the most promise because it improved the soil physical properties, is able to grow well in alkaline environments, is a popular fodder crop and can be harvested multiple times from a single stand. Brewery effluent is more suitable for soil production systems than hydroponic production systems because the soil was able to act as a buffer against the high pH of post-AD BE, whereas in a hydroponics systems the high pH reduced the availability of key minerals to plants. In conclusion brewery effluent contains sufficient plants nutrients to support the growth of cabbages, saltbush, lucerne and millet. However the sodium content of BE is a concern as it accumulates in the soil, and in the long-term it may lead to soil degradation. It is suggested that the brewery change the pH neutralising treatment of BE from sodium hydroxide to potassium hydroxide, or dolomitic lime (calcium and magnesium carbonate) because this would reduce the introduction of sodium into the system, and would increase the suitability of BE for crop production, given potassium and calcium are plant nutrients. The benefits of developing this nutrient and water resource could contribute to cost-reductions at the brewery, more efficient water, nutrient and energy management, create job opportunities with the potential of improving food security in the local community.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:50:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35008 Thu 13 May 2021 06:32:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20812 Thu 13 May 2021 06:21:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31464 Thu 13 May 2021 06:14:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26940 Thu 13 May 2021 06:10:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27056 Thu 13 May 2021 05:36:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20947 Thu 13 May 2021 05:15:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38569 Thu 13 May 2021 05:07:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28106 Thu 13 May 2021 04:44:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1158 Thu 13 May 2021 04:21:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26367 Thu 13 May 2021 04:13:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27145 Thu 13 May 2021 04:05:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27001 Thu 13 May 2021 04:01:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20431 Thu 13 May 2021 03:47:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3270 Thu 13 May 2021 03:46:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27555 Thu 13 May 2021 03:39:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20682 Thu 13 May 2021 03:37:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20599 Thu 13 May 2021 03:24:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27096 Thu 13 May 2021 03:20:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20398 Thu 13 May 2021 03:18:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39300 Thu 13 May 2021 03:17:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2075 Thu 13 May 2021 03:07:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35064 Thu 13 May 2021 02:45:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:23393 Thu 13 May 2021 02:44:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20470 Thu 13 May 2021 02:38:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20007 Thu 13 May 2021 02:15:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20484 Thu 13 May 2021 01:59:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3271 Thu 13 May 2021 01:58:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38915 Thu 13 May 2021 01:55:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38568 Thu 13 May 2021 01:24:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29824 Thu 13 May 2021 00:53:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21022 Thu 13 May 2021 00:48:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35009 Thu 13 May 2021 00:48:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35042 Thu 13 May 2021 00:40:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26462 Thu 13 May 2021 00:12:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25965 Thu 13 May 2021 00:01:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35059 Fri 15 Mar 2024 08:48:12 SAST ]]>