https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39569 Wed 23 Jun 2021 09:43:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41606 Wed 13 Mar 2024 09:37:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34104 Wed 12 May 2021 23:39:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38467 Wed 12 May 2021 23:07:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38407 Wed 12 May 2021 23:06:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37985 Wed 12 May 2021 23:03:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38746 Wed 12 May 2021 23:03:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38696 0.05), allrounders took longer to fall asleep (g = 0.90 [0.23;1.57]), obtained less total sleep (0.76 [0.29;1.42]) and had lower morning freshness scores (g = 1.10 [0.42;1.78]) the night before a match compared to batsmen. Wake after sleep onset and get up time were moderately longer (g = 0.61 [0.22;1.26]) and later (g = 0.62 [0.27;1.17]) before. Twenty20 matches compared to One-Day International matches respectively. Further, sleep duration significantly declined from pre-match to post-match during the multi-day Test format (p = 0.04, g= 0.75 [0.40;1.12]). Late alcohol consumption was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with a decrease in total sleep time, regardless of match venue (home: rs (49) = -0.69; away: rs (27) = -0.57). During the away condition, an increase in age was significantly associated with longer wake after sleep onset durations (rs (13) = 0.52, p = 0.0003), while greater elite experience was significantly associated with longer total sleep time (rs (72) = 0.36, p = 0.02). The non-sleep medication group took significantly longer to fall asleep compared to the sleep medication group during the first week of the away condition (p = 0.02, g = 0.75 [0.25;1.26]) particularly on nights following transmeridian travel. Although not significant ( p > 0.05), Asian/Indian players had moderately longer sleep onset latencies (g = 1.07 [0.66;1.47]), wake after sleep onset durations (g = 0.86 [0.42;1.29]), and lower subjective sleep quality (g = 0.86 [0.46;1.26]) and morning freshness scores (g = 0.89 [0.47;1.27]) compared to Whites. Similarly, Black Africans had moderately lower subjective sleep quality scores compared to Whites (g = 0.71 [0.43;0.97]). Longer sleep onset latencies and shorter total sleep times were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with poorer One-Day International (rs (28) = -0.57) and Test (rs (12) = 0.59) batting performances respectively. Higher subjective sleep quality scores were significantly associated with better Twenty20 bowling economies (rs (8) = -0.52). Discussion: There was no evidence of poor pre-match sleep behaviour, irrespective of venue; however, the most apparent disruption to sleep occurred post-match (similar to that found in other team-sports). Most disparities in sleep between match venues existed post-travel, with better sleep behaviour observed during the home condition. The differences in sleep patterns found in all three match formats were expected given the variations in format scheduling and duration. Although sleep medication was shown to promote better sleep, its long-term effectiveness was limited. The results promote the implementation of practical strategies aimed to reduce bedtime light-emitting technology use, late evening alcohol consumption and muscle pain. Inter-individual sleep behaviour was found between player roles, age, experience level and race. Moderate associations existed between sleep and markers of batting performance, specifically for the longer, strategic formats of the game. Conclusion: The current study provided new insight of the sleep behaviour in elite South African cricket players during competition. Individualized sleep monitoring practices are encouraged, with specific supervision over older, less experienced players as well as the racial minorities and allrounders of the team. The poor post-match sleep behaviour, together with the sleep and performance correlations, provide ideal opportunities for future interventions to focus on match recovery and the use sleep monitoring as a competitive advantage.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:35:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38628 Wed 12 May 2021 20:55:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38336 Wed 12 May 2021 20:11:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38416 Wed 12 May 2021 20:04:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39066 0.05), and gender (∆R2 = .000, ∆F (1,1223) = .036, p>0.05) emerged as better predictors. The study further iv revealed that, Grade six learners with visual learning style ( = 13.242, SD = 5.565) had the best performance in Mathematics at Buffalo City, followed by learners with auditory learning style ( = 12.996, SD = 3.883), and learners with Kinaesthetic learning style ( = 11.525, SD =3.800). The study concluded that one of the most fundamental issues to consider in improving Mathematics performance is the understanding of the learners’ learning styles and effective use of appropriate instructional materials for teaching Mathematics.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38253 0.05) results when temperature was analysed by t-test between 2002 and 2015. There was also a weak correlation between length frequency and the total squid catch in a given year (F Statistic (df = 1; 13) is 3.686 and 5.394 for males and females respectively, R² is 0.221 for males and 0.293 for females), but too weak to interpret, given the lack of other supporting data and the short time series. The ML_TW relationship showed no significant trends between the years for either sex. There was also no correlation between the ML_TW and total squid catch or temperature. A white caecum occurred significantly more often in males than in females (dof = 1; p < 0.05) from General Linear Model (GLM), indicating that the presence of non-feeding males in the spawning grounds may be linked to the behaviour of spawning squid.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:49:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37603 Wed 12 May 2021 19:27:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39605 Wed 12 May 2021 18:39:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39380 Wed 12 May 2021 17:55:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37649 Wed 12 May 2021 17:51:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37907 20-40mm), swimmers, flattened body shape, a preference for temporary attachment, crawling, respiration with aerial/vegetation, possession of breathing tubes, possession of strap or other apparatus for respiration, streamlined body, and a high sensitivity to oxygen depletion. Permanent attachment as an ecological preference associated with LIS was also positively correlated with increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) and was deemed a pollution sensitive ecological preference. The possession of very small body size (<5mm), associated with HIS, was deemed a pollution-tolerant trait and was negatively correlated with DO, confirming the deteriorating state of the urban and urban-agricultural rivers. The impact of urban-forestry pollution on the distribution pattern of macroinvertebrate traits and ecological preferences was also explored in the selected rivers. Traits and ecological preferences such as possession of hard-shell, large body size, and grazing as a feeding preference which were significantly positively associated with the LIS, were also either significantly positively correlated with DO, or significantly negatively correlated with increasing any two of flow velocity, water temperature, BOD5 and nutrient. These traits and ecological preferences were deemed sensitive in forested rivers receiving urban pollution. Further, burrowing, the pupa aquatic stage, and predation which were significantly positively associated with HIS on the RLQ ordination, were also significantly negatively associated with DO. These traits were deemed tolerant of forested systems receiving urban pollution. Multimetric indices (MMI) were developed, validated and applied for urban, urban-agriculture and urban-forested (MMI-urban, MMI-urban-agric and urban-forest) areas. Of the 26 metrics that satisfactorily discriminated between the LIS, the MIS, and the HIS for MMI-urban, only five metric were retained for integration into MMI-urban, they are log VeL, Hemiptera abundance, % Coleoptera + Hemiptera, % Chironomidae + Oligochaeta and Evenness index. Further, of the 18 metrics that satisfactorily discriminated between the LIS, the MIS, and the HIS for MMI-urban-agric, only 12 metrics were retained and nine proved to be redundant. The nine metrics represent different measures; two of them were retained in addition to Chironomidae/Diptera abundance, % Odonata and Oligochaeta richness. The two metrics selected in addition to the hironomidae/Diptera abundance, % Odonata and Oligochaeta richness were the Margalef index and the logarithm of relative abundance of sprawler. For the MMI-urban-forest, 14 metrics satisfactorily discriminated between the LIS, the MIS, and the HIS, and 12 metrics were retained and 11 proved to be redundant. The non-redundant metric was Trichoptera abundance. Three metrics were further selected in addition to the Trichoptera abundance which include % Chironomidae + Oligochaeta, Coleoptera + Hemiptera richness and Shannon diversity. The MMI-urban and MMI-urban-agric indices performed better for LIS designated stations compared to the MIS and HIS deignated stations. The developed indices proved effective as biomonitoring tools for assessing the ecological health of rivers in the urban and urban-agriculture catchments within the Niger Delta. Overall, the results of the macroinvertebrate traits and ecological preferences, and taxonomic approaches showed the strength in the complementarity of both approaches in developing biomonitoring tools for assessing levels of deterioration in riverine systems. The study contributes significantly to understanding the ecology of riverine systems in the Niger Delta, particularly those subject to urban stresses, agricultural activities and urban pollution in forested systems, and thus makes an important contribution to the science and practice of biomonitoring in Nigeria where such studies are sparse.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:31:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38364 Wed 12 May 2021 17:17:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39485 Wed 12 May 2021 17:10:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38406 Wed 12 May 2021 16:43:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39562 Wed 12 May 2021 16:30:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37983 Wed 12 May 2021 16:21:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38174 Wed 12 May 2021 16:15:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37379 Wed 12 May 2021 16:12:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41336 Wed 12 May 2021 15:11:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41618 Wed 12 May 2021 15:10:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42250 Wed 12 May 2021 15:09:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41376 Wed 12 May 2021 15:04:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40838 Wed 12 May 2021 15:01:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40527 Wed 12 May 2021 14:59:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41435 Wed 12 May 2021 14:59:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42670 Wed 12 May 2021 14:58:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41439 Wed 12 May 2021 14:58:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41441 Wed 12 May 2021 14:56:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41502 Wed 12 May 2021 14:54:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41296 Wed 12 May 2021 14:52:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42253 Wed 12 May 2021 14:51:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41276 Wed 12 May 2021 14:47:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40876 Wed 12 May 2021 14:45:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43002 Wed 12 May 2021 14:34:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42873 Wed 12 May 2021 14:32:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41726 Wed 12 May 2021 14:27:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40526 Wed 12 May 2021 14:26:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42997 Wed 12 May 2021 14:20:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41615 Wed 12 May 2021 14:17:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41483 Wed 12 May 2021 14:17:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41576 Wed 12 May 2021 14:16:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40854 Wed 12 May 2021 14:14:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41596 Wed 12 May 2021 14:14:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42206 Wed 12 May 2021 14:08:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42168 Wed 12 May 2021 14:01:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41357 Wed 12 May 2021 14:00:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42727 Wed 12 May 2021 13:59:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41890 Wed 12 May 2021 13:58:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42611 Wed 12 May 2021 13:58:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41798 Wed 12 May 2021 13:53:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40890 Wed 12 May 2021 13:53:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42542 0.05) from wethers on 4% FSF as well. The total protein concentration, albumin, total bilirubin, Na, K, glucose, cholesterol, and liver enzymes were normal for wethers. However, serum creatinine level was lower in wethers fed on 4% FSF than those on 0% FSF (P < 0.01). Haemonchus and Coccidian fecal egg counts were low in wethers fed diets with 2%, 4%, and 6 % FSF (P < 0.01) compared 11 with wethers fed with 0% FSF inclusion level during the same period. The body condition score of wethers fed on diets with 2%, 4%, and 6% FSF inclusion levels were higher than those on 0% (P < 0.05). Wool yield, staple length, the coefficient variation of the fibre diameter, and fibre of wethers fed on diets with FSF were higher than those without FSF (P < 0.05). The fibre diameter of the wethers fed on FSF supplemented diets was the same as those on 0 % FSF (P > 0.05). The wethers spent more time on FSF supplemented diets and consumed more feed compared to that without FSF supplemented (P < 0.05). The levels of FSF inclusion in the diet affected the enteric methane output (ppm-m), where 4 % FSF had the highest enteric methane output while wethers on 2 % FSF had the lowest methane output (P < 0.05). Resting wethers produced more methane (g/day) than those feeding or standing (P < 0.05). Increasing levels of FSF did not affect ruminal temperature and pH. Ammonia-N increased with increasing FSF except in wethers fed on a diet with 4% FSF (P < 0.01). The total molar concentrations of the wethers' volatile fatty acids decreased with increasing FSF levels (P > 0.05). The acetic propionic ratio of the wethers also decreased except at a 4% inclusion level. The in vitro true digestibility dry matter (IVTDDM), in vitro true digestibility neutral detergent fibre (IVTDNDF), and in vitro true digestibility acid detergent fibre (IVTDADF) of the wethers decreased up to 4% FSF inclusion but tended to increase at 6% inclusion. This study's result as one of the pioneer studies in Dohne-Marino wethers showed that FSF treatment has the potential to improve the nutritional status of the animal and the animal performance and wool quality. Health-wise, FSF decrease nematode population and boost animal immunity as seen in RBC and WBC counts. It also can play a major role in protecting the environment, as seen in its reduction in feacal and urinary nitrogen, which is heavily involved in environmental pollution. Result also confirmed that the best period to target for methane mitigation in ruminants is the resting period. In conclusion, the inclusion of FSF in the diet of Dohne-Merino wethers has the potential to improve the overall performance, with a 4% FSF inclusion level having optimal productivity. However, future research is required to investigate FSF's effect on meat quality, rumen microbial community, in-vivo digestibility, and milk production.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 13:48:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40877 Wed 12 May 2021 13:46:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41004 Tue 07 May 2024 10:28:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40835 Tue 07 May 2024 10:24:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39528 Thu 13 May 2021 17:00:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38656 Thu 13 May 2021 10:12:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37933 Thu 13 May 2021 09:11:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37903 Thu 13 May 2021 08:46:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39664 Thu 13 May 2021 07:40:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39395 Thu 13 May 2021 07:07:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38445 Thu 13 May 2021 07:04:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34163 Thu 13 May 2021 06:59:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38427 Thu 13 May 2021 06:17:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38307 Thu 13 May 2021 06:04:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38473 Thu 13 May 2021 05:59:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35361 Thu 13 May 2021 05:38:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38404 Thu 13 May 2021 05:29:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39313 Thu 13 May 2021 05:03:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38102 Thu 13 May 2021 04:58:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38446 Thu 13 May 2021 04:26:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38398 Thu 13 May 2021 04:21:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35572 Thu 13 May 2021 03:57:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38090 Thu 13 May 2021 03:12:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38554 Thu 13 May 2021 03:02:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38658 Thu 13 May 2021 02:30:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39135 Thu 13 May 2021 02:06:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37672 Thu 13 May 2021 01:56:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39518 Thu 13 May 2021 01:53:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38300 Thu 13 May 2021 01:45:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32306 Thu 13 May 2021 01:42:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38100 Thu 13 May 2021 01:12:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38215 Thu 13 May 2021 00:25:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38638 Thu 13 May 2021 00:16:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36449 Thu 13 May 2021 00:05:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66300 Thu 09 May 2024 06:21:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42659 Sun 07 Aug 2022 13:07:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42688 Sun 07 Aug 2022 12:15:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70282 Mon 29 Apr 2024 11:40:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41490 Mon 17 Apr 2023 11:28:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38966 Mon 13 May 2024 14:24:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38820 Fri 26 Apr 2024 12:49:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38825 3 years since fire respectively), (2) nest concealment and (3) temperature. We found that nests had better survival at lower temperatures, with snake predation (our main source of predation) increasing in higher temperatures.]]> Fri 26 Apr 2024 11:08:49 SAST ]]>