https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2403 Wed 12 Oct 2022 12:47:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30217 Wed 12 May 2021 23:13:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5254 Wed 12 May 2021 23:02:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4941 Wed 12 May 2021 22:54:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1939 Wed 12 May 2021 22:39:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4984 Wed 12 May 2021 22:36:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39063 Wed 12 May 2021 20:51:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4155 Wed 12 May 2021 20:51:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3419 Wed 12 May 2021 20:37:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1775 Wed 12 May 2021 20:32:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4348 Wed 12 May 2021 20:29:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5266 Wed 12 May 2021 20:24:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1440 Wed 12 May 2021 20:20:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3478 Wed 12 May 2021 20:12:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4936 Wed 12 May 2021 19:51:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4658 Wed 12 May 2021 19:32:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33221 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2349 Wed 12 May 2021 18:50:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6026 Wed 12 May 2021 18:46:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6179 Wed 12 May 2021 18:21:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1012 Wed 12 May 2021 18:18:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4857 Wed 12 May 2021 17:49:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4938 Wed 12 May 2021 17:39:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6181 Wed 12 May 2021 17:32:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2783 Wed 12 May 2021 17:23:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3465 Wed 12 May 2021 17:14:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1742 Wed 12 May 2021 16:37:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3756 trifluoperazine> perphenazine > rochlorperazine. In order to assess their photostability an HPLC method was developed and validated for linearity, accuracy and precision, selectivity, limit of detection and quantitation and ruggedness. Preliminary solution photostudies under controlled light conditions (UV, sunlight, fluorescent light) indicated that the rate of degradation followed first-order kinetics with perphenazine the most susceptible to.photodegradation under all light conditions studied. In vitro and in vivo metabolism yielding the 5-sulphoxide and its reported presence on decomposition of the phenothiazines25 led to the development of a synthetic procedure suitable for the sutphoxides of all four derivatives based on the method proposed by Owens et al. in order to provide standards for comparison in the photostudies⁷. Since ICH regulations require that impurities> 0.1 % are examined and identified⁷⁴ and semi-preparative isolation of photoproducts proved unsuccessful, LC-MS having been well documented for structural.elucidation⁷⁵ ⁷⁵ ⁷⁶ ⁷⁷ was used to characterize solution (UV, sunlight, fluorescent light) and preliminary solid (UV) photostudies. The chloroderivatives underwent dechlorination and sulphoxidation with subsequent photosubstitution in the case of prochlorperazine to yield the 2-hydroxy derivative and sulphoxidation of the dechloro-derivative of perphenazine. The sulphoxides of both trifluoperazine and fluphenazine were formed with further oxidation to the respective sulphones occurring. Preliminary solid state (UV) photostudies showed fluphenazine to be the least stable with 30.71 % degradation as opposed to 7.57% for prochlorperazine, 4.28% for perphenazine and 7.10% for trifluoperazine witn sulphoxidation observed to be. the major degradation pathway. Since in vitro metabolism of perazine derivatives is reported to occur via N-oxidation, N-demethylation, sulphoxidation and aromatic hydroxylation¹⁸ it does appear that there is some correlation between metabolic and photoproducts. However the fact that solution (UV) photostudies indicates trifluoperazine to be the most and perphenazine the least stable does not concur with the proposed order of pharmacological activity.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 16:36:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4215 Wed 12 May 2021 16:35:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5776 22 mm were generally female. Helcion pectunculus grows allometrically, increasing in height faster than length, which is expected of a high shore gastropod mollusc attempting to reduce evaporative water loss. Growth rates were similar on both east and west coasts regardless of the differing oceanographic conditions. The theoretical values of Lmax were also similar being 30.86 mm and 30.71 mm respectively. Micro-growth bands are laid down within its' shell which have the same periodicity as the tidal cycle and these enabled age estimates to be made. Younger individuals were male whilst older animals were female, suggesting that H pectunculus is a protandrous hermaphrodite. Histological examination proved, unequivocally, that this limpet undergoes a protandric sex change, changing from male to female when they are about 2 years old. Both east and west coast popUlations had a marked reproductive cycle, exhibiting two spawning periods a year, one in April and another in November. The possibility that the reproductive pattern exhibited is now phylogeneticallyconstrained is discussed. It is suggested that H pectunculus has evolved a reproductive cycle which will allow its planktonic larvae to utilise the valuable phytoplankton bloom food source whilst using onshore winds to ensure that larvae are not transported out to sea and lost. The number of foraging excursions carried out by individuals of H pectunculus was found to have a significant effect on Gonad Index and hence potential reproductive output. The activity pattern of H pectunculus varied depending upon micro-habitat; animals inhabiting both east and west facing rock surfaces are active during nocturnal low tides whilst animals on west facing rock surfaces are also active during daytime low tides whilst in the shade. Limpets travel further during foraging excursions in winter (X = 85.53 cm) than in either spring (x = 55.7 cm) or summer (X = 48.8 cm) and also during spring low tides (x = 89.8 cm) compared with neaps (x = 40.9 cm). This limpet exhibits rigid homing to a fixed scar within a-crevice and feeding excursions were found to cons.is.t. of three distinct phases, a rapid outward phase, a slower foraging phase and a rapid homeward phase. Foraging was always highly directional, with a mean vector which took limpets onto an area of the rockface with the highest microalgal biomass and also the smoothest rock surface. Helcion pectunculus exhibits a free-running endogenous rhythm of locomotor activity with both circadian and circatidal components and it is suggested that this rhythm plays a role in allowing the limpet to avoid unfavourable environmental conditions. The exogenous entrainment factor of this endogenous rhythm was the time of exposure to air in the field. There was found to be an organized distribution of limpets within crevices with smaller, younger limpets being towards the back of the crevice and larger, older limpets towards the crevice mouth. It is hypothesized that juvenile limpets of this species actively select and settle at the backs of crevices responding to chemical cues of adult conspecifics. The crevice refuge supplies the limpets with a stable and buffered environment with higher relative humidities (X = 72.3%) and lower rock surface temperatures (X = 19.7°C) than adjacent exposed rock surfaces (X = 64.5%; x = 22.9°C). Limpet body temperatures were significantly lower in crevic~refuges compared to limpets on exposed rock surfaces. Body temperatures never exceeded the rock surface temperatures. It is suggested that this is the result of morphological adaptations such as shell ornamentation and allometric growth. Light levels above 1000 J.1E.m-2.s-1 inhibited foraging activity in H. pectunculuswhilst limpets subjected to 30-50% shade foraged even during daytime lowtides. This limpet is one of the least tenacious (2.75 ± 0.13 kg.cm-2 ) of all South African limpets and the possibility that wave activity governs both the activity patterns and homing behaviour of this limpet is discussed. Limpets deprived of a crevice refuge experienced extremely high mortalities, with 45% of the limpets being lost during the first high tide period. A hypothetical model of the hierarchy of exogenous factors controlling limpet foraging activity is introduced and discussed in relation to the results of this study. Finally, it is suggested that in addition to the "migratory" and "non-migratory" groups of limpets present on southern African shores a third group of limpets seem to be present which may be classed as "specialized non-migratory" species. These are species that do not migrate, garden or aggressively fight off like conspecifics. They have overcome the competition for space and food on intertidal rocky shores by adapting to a particular habitat which is exclusive to them alone. From the combined results of these studies, it can be stated that H. pectunculus has adapted physiologically, morphologically and behaviourally to successfully survive the extreme conditions in the upper Balanoid zone.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 16:34:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2797 Wed 12 May 2021 16:29:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4036 Wed 12 May 2021 16:13:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3761 Wed 12 May 2021 15:53:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5252 Wed 12 May 2021 15:44:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42661 Wed 12 May 2021 14:36:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41871 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42156 Wed 12 May 2021 14:12:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2096 Wed 07 Jul 2021 13:13:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6381 Tue 14 May 2024 12:39:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6382 Tue 14 May 2024 10:45:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6356 0.95) was noted for both methods of assessment. The chromameter ED[subscript 50] values determined in this study were approximately 2 hours for both preparations. At this dose duration the instrument would not be sensitive enough to distinguish between weak blanching responses and normal skin for bioequivalence assessment purposes.]]> Tue 14 May 2024 10:45:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:54490 Tue 14 May 2024 10:23:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6129 Tue 14 May 2024 10:00:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:57084 Thu 29 Sep 2022 22:30:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:57081 Thu 29 Sep 2022 22:21:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:57076 Mn(II)Pc > Fe(II)Pc > Ni(II)Pc > Cu(II)Pc > H2Pc > Zn(II)Pc > GCE. When [Co(II)TSPc]4− (TSPc=tetrasulfo Pc) was added to aqueous solutions containing the cresols and phenols, an enhancement of the oxidation currents was also observed.]]> Thu 29 Sep 2022 19:52:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:57073 5 μg ml−1) are determined by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) on a mercury film glassy carbon electrode, using catechol, 4-methylcatechol, 4-t-butylcatechol and resorcinol as complexing ligands. Complexes of lead, copper and bismuth with resorcinol showed the largest increase in current with increase in metal concentration, whereas complexes of these metals with 4-t-butylcatechol showed the lowest current response. Cadmium showed a different behaviour from the other three metals in that the highest current response was observed with 4-methylcatechol. The four metals could be determined simultaneously in the presence of resorcinol, although considerable interference was observed between bismuth and copper.]]> Thu 29 Sep 2022 19:45:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8075 Thu 16 May 2024 06:40:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8074 Thu 16 May 2024 06:39:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:538 Thu 16 May 2024 06:38:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:57074 5 μg ml−1) are determined by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) on a mercury film glassy carbon electrode, using catechol, 4-methylcatechol, 4-t-butylcatechol and resorcinol as complexing ligands. Complexes of lead, copper and bismuth with resorcinol showed the largest increase in current with increase in metal concentration, whereas complexes of these metals with 4-t-butylcatechol showed the lowest current response. Cadmium showed a different behaviour from the other three metals in that the highest current response was observed with 4-methylcatechol. The four metals could be determined simultaneously in the presence of resorcinol, although considerable interference was observed between bismuth and copper.]]> Thu 16 May 2024 05:11:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:57077 Thu 16 May 2024 05:11:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7135 Thu 15 Jul 2021 21:37:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3682 Thu 13 May 2021 15:06:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2987 Thu 13 May 2021 11:56:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4307 Thu 13 May 2021 08:49:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5736 Thu 13 May 2021 08:19:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4844 Thu 13 May 2021 08:12:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29303 Thu 13 May 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