https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8209 Wed 13 Mar 2024 11:27:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35455 Wed 12 May 2021 23:59:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26403 Wed 12 May 2021 23:43:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3293 Wed 12 May 2021 23:13:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8181 Wed 12 May 2021 23:11:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2722 Wed 12 May 2021 23:00:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9482 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11510 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1468 Wed 12 May 2021 22:56:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11631 Wed 12 May 2021 22:50:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3430 Wed 12 May 2021 22:30:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35461 150 cm TL, >30 kg; Bruton 1976), long-lived (validated to at least 15 years, Weyl & Booth 2008) and fast-growing (Bruton & Allanson 1980; Quick & Bruton 1984; Richardson et al. 2009) fish that attains sexual maturity within two years of age (de Moor & Bruton 1988). It is eurythermic (80–35°C), mesohalic (0–10 ppt) and has the ability to airbreathe. These attributes predispose it to surviving in all but the most adverse of conditions and have directly contributed to its wide use as an aquaculture species. These attributes have also contributed to its ability to invade waterbodies beyond its natural range (de Moor & Bruton 1988) and after inadvertent introductions such as by escape from aquaculture facilities or through water transfer schemes, C. gariepinus has established populations in many non-native environments. Such invasions include the Philippines (Mercene 1997), Bangladesh (Arthur & Ahmed 2002), Thailand (Vidthayanon 2005), India (Bhakta & Bandyopadhyay 2007) and Brazil (Cambray 2005; Vitule et al. 2006; Rocha & Schiavetti 2007). In South Africa, C. gariepinus invaded the temperate Great Fish River catchment after the species was translocated from the Orange River through a Interbasin Water Transfer (IBWT) scheme (Laurenson et al. 1989). Potential threats include predation of and competition with indigenous species, habitat degradation, and the spread of diseases and parasites (Dudgeon et al. 2006).]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:23:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8643 Wed 12 May 2021 22:20:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10423 Wed 12 May 2021 22:17:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8165 Wed 12 May 2021 20:31:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10504 Wed 12 May 2021 20:21:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16128 Wed 12 May 2021 20:19:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8948 Wed 12 May 2021 20:13:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9506 Wed 12 May 2021 20:10:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2818 Wed 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https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3011 Wed 12 May 2021 18:37:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9362 Wed 12 May 2021 18:37:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9287 Wed 12 May 2021 18:23:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10174 Wed 12 May 2021 18:20:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8449 Wed 12 May 2021 18:20:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8957 Wed 12 May 2021 18:12:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8361 Wed 12 May 2021 17:54:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8195 Wed 12 May 2021 17:53:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1534 Wed 12 May 2021 17:50:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:726 Wed 12 May 2021 17:30:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10465 Wed 12 May 2021 17:26:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9075 Wed 12 May 2021 17:14:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8193 Wed 12 May 2021 16:53:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9887 Wed 12 May 2021 16:52:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8180 Wed 12 May 2021 16:49:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11156 Wed 12 May 2021 16:48:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8191 Wed 12 May 2021 16:28:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8656 Wed 12 May 2021 16:12:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10311 Wed 12 May 2021 15:44:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40348 Wed 12 May 2021 14:05:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6276 Wed 10 Aug 2022 05:11:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40297 Wed 07 Jul 2021 11:28:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:44629 Tue 05 Oct 2021 14:15:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37953 Thu 13 May 2021 08:19:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2347 Thu 13 May 2021 07:24:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9896 Thu 13 May 2021 07:24:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9861 Thu 13 May 2021 07:15:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4413 [M(2-OH-oVANPN)Xn] + HnX MX₂ + 2-OH-oVANPN (2:1) -> [Mn(2-OH-oVANPN)OH] + H₂X₂ MX₂ + (o-vanillin : diaminopropanol) (1:1) -> [M(1:1)X₂] MX₂ + (o-vanillin : diaminopropanol) (1:1) -> [M₃(1:1)X₄] M = Cu(II), Co(II) or Co(III); X = Cl; n = 1, 2. Their structural features have been deduced from their elemental analytical data, IR spectral data, and electronic spectral data. With the exception of {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆}(A4), the Cu(II) complexes were monomeric with 2-OH-oVANPN acting as a tetradentate ligand. A binuclear Co(II) complex, [Co₂(C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₅)(OH)] (B1), was synthesised and the rest of the Co(II) and Co(III) complexes were monomeric with chloride ions coordinating to the metal centre in some cases. Electronic data suggest that the cobalt(II) complexes have octahedral geometries and the copper(II) complexes have square planar structures – Co(III) is likely to be octahedral. Thermal analyses, which included the copper-block-method for determining sublimation temperatures, revealed that some copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes are hygroscopic and sublime at 200 °C and below. DSC analyses of the Cu(II) complexes gave exotherms around 300 °C for complexes K[Cu(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(OH)]·2H₂O (A1) and [Cu(C₁₁H15N₂O₃)(Cl)₂]·2H₂O (A2) and above 400 °C for [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂] (A3) and {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆} (A4). Antioxidant studies were carried out against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·). The cobalt(II) complex, [Co₂(C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₅)(OH)] (B1), which was synthesized in the presence of KOH, had no antioxidant activity, whilst the other cobalt(II) complexes, [Co(C₁₇H₁₇N₂O₅(Cl))]·1½H₂O (B2), [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅) (Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B3) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅)(Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B4), which were synthesised in the absence of KOH, demonstrated antioxidant activity. The latter complexes are candidates for cancer cell line testing, while [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂] (A3), {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)₄(H₂O)₆} (A4), [Co(C₁₉H₂₁N₂O₅)(Cl)₂ ]·5H₂O (C2) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(Cl)]·3H₂O (C3) may show anticancer activity through possible hydrolysis products. Most of the complexes synthesized displayed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The results indicated that complexes [Cu(C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃)(Cl)₂](A3), [Co(C₁₉H₂₂N₂O₅)(Cl)₂]·5½H₂O (B3) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₁N₂O₅)(Cl)₂ ]·5H₂O (C2) are active against the Gram-negative Ps. aeruginosa and that the ligand, 2-OH-oVANPN, did not have any activity. The same trend was observed with 2-OH-oVANPN, {Cu₃(C₁₁H₁₄N₂O₃)(Cl)4(H₂O)₆} (A4) and [Co(C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₅)(Cl)]·3H₂O (C3) against the Gram-positive S. aureus. As for activity against E. coli and C. albicans, some complexes showed more activity than the ligand. There is an observed trend here that the metal complexes are more active (toxic) than the corresponding ligand, which is in agreement with Tweedy’s chelation theory.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 07:08:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10338 Thu 13 May 2021 07:01:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8650 Thu 13 May 2021 07:01:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10277 Thu 13 May 2021 06:30:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3470 Thu 13 May 2021 06:26:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9994 Thu 13 May 2021 06:22:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8202 Thu 13 May 2021 06:09:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8630 Thu 13 May 2021 05:04:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2415 Thu 13 May 2021 04:43:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9341 Thu 13 May 2021 04:41:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8981 Thu 13 May 2021 04:39:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11625 Thu 13 May 2021 04:20:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8207 Thu 13 May 2021 04:09:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3466 Thu 13 May 2021 04:05:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2721 Thu 13 May 2021 04:03:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10459 Thu 13 May 2021 04:00:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11391 Thu 13 May 2021 03:57:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11423 Thu 13 May 2021 03:52:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9874 Thu 13 May 2021 03:37:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38652 Thu 13 May 2021 03:36:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8608 Thu 13 May 2021 03:34:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2828 Thu 13 May 2021 03:21:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1737 Thu 13 May 2021 03:19:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16140 Thu 13 May 2021 03:14:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4601 Thu 13 May 2021 03:06:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8600 Thu 13 May 2021 02:09:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8610 Thu 13 May 2021 02:02:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11621 Thu 13 May 2021 01:38:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9898 Thu 13 May 2021 01:37:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16139 Thu 13 May 2021 01:23:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9688 Thu 13 May 2021 01:14:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10740 Thu 13 May 2021 01:13:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11616 Thu 13 May 2021 01:11:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8662 Thu 13 May 2021 00:49:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10542 Thu 13 May 2021 00:41:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6860 Thu 13 May 2021 00:31:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5456 Thu 13 May 2021 00:26:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:9617 Thu 13 May 2021 00:15:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2929 Thu 13 May 2021 00:13:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16136 Thu 13 May 2021 00:09:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38180 Thu 06 Jul 2023 16:10:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66326 Sun 06 Aug 2023 08:37:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10175 Fri 15 Mar 2024 13:11:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1483 Fri 14 Jan 2022 09:58:41 SAST ]]>