https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28493 0.05) by the treatments applied. The herbage height and basal cover had greater values (P<0.05) under rested plus chopping (CR) treatment followed by grazed plus chopping (GC). Grass biomass production and essential nutrients showed a greater concentration (P<0.05) under CR treatment than any treatments applied. The results on perceptions revealed that goats had the highest mean household holding number than any other livestock species across the selected villages in all the villages. Respondents indicated that both goats and cattle had equal or more importance than sheep. Three out of four villages raised cattle primarily for income generation and secondarily for cultural purposes like slaughtering during weddings ceremonies, amazila and also during woman circumcisions (Ntonjane). Similarly, goats and sheep were primarily raised for cash income generation. The results revealed that livestock population decreased over ten to twenty years (one-two decades) and poor rangeland condition is assumed to be the cause of the situation as feed is the key factor for production. The area was dominated by the grasses rather than by browse woody species so the above results are possible as the P. incana is more competitive than grasses. It was concluded that P. incana is detrimental to both rangeland and animal production. Forage and animal performance as well as farmers’ economic status (livelihoods) were negatively affected by P. incana invasion and the scientific assessment reported it to be detrimental to agriculture. Thus chopping and resting (CR) treatment resulted in a greater improvement of the basal cover, biomass production, soil nutrients as well as grass height than the other treatments applied. Therefore it can be concluded that chopping and resting the veld invaded with P. incana can improve the range and consequently animal production.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 23:41:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1881 Wed 12 May 2021 23:29:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10850 Wed 12 May 2021 23:24:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39192 Wed 12 May 2021 22:53:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:862 Wed 12 May 2021 22:24:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2507 Wed 12 May 2021 20:48:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33228 Wed 12 May 2021 19:25:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38917 Wed 12 May 2021 18:58:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1773 Wed 12 May 2021 18:57:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2073 Wed 12 May 2021 18:57:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2959 Wed 12 May 2021 18:36:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:956 Wed 12 May 2021 17:55:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8200 Wed 12 May 2021 17:47:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:970 Wed 12 May 2021 16:38:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5447 Wed 12 May 2021 16:26:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10960 97% could be achieved where the resultant product was well within stipulated product specifications. In view of the results obtained, the following recommendations regarding the synthesis of atrazine in toluene as reaction solvent can be made: · Use a reagent addition sequence that staggers the addition of amine and NaOH in such a manner that amine is added first for a short while, followed by the simultaneous addition of amine and NaOH, and ending with NaOH. Use two reaction vessels in series, one for the IPA addition reaction and one for the MEA addition reaction. In this manner the reaction can be run on a continuous basis since no lag time between amine additions is required. Also, smaller reactors may be used whilst maintaining high production rates. Smaller reactors will improve both temperature control and mixing of reagents.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:57:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40507 Wed 12 May 2021 14:54:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40361 Wed 12 May 2021 14:37:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40042 Wed 12 May 2021 14:06:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40871 Wed 12 May 2021 13:55:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40499 Wed 12 May 2021 13:45:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2652 Thu 13 May 2021 07:37:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:783 Thu 13 May 2021 07:18:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3521 Thu 13 May 2021 07:03:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20500 Thu 13 May 2021 07:01:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2462 Thu 13 May 2021 05:50:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21314 Thu 13 May 2021 05:21:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26609 2.5Ga) and are located to the south and east of Lake Victoria on the Tanzania craton. The Tanzania Craton is surrounded by Usagaran 1.9 Ga rocks (the east African orogenic belt (EAO) better known as the Mozambique belt) to the east and the Ubendian belt to the south and west. Published reports show that the eastern part of the Tanzania Craton is dominated by the fragments of Archaean rocks. Metamorphism along East Africa and the Tanzania Craton is due to several geological events. These geological events include the intrusion of granites in the Archaean Tanzania Craton (3 Ga), subduction of ocean plate resulted to the formation of Usagaran belt (1.9 Ga), opening and closure of Mozambique Ocean, which resulted in the formation of the Mozambique belt between 700 – 800 Ma and the Pan African orogeny at 640 – 620 Ma, which is associated with the formation of Gondwana. It is believed that fragments from the Archaean Tanzania craton were re - metamorphosed during these events. The Handeni project (the focus of this thesis) is located in the northern portion of the eastern part of the Usagaran belt (1.9 Ga) comprising the eastern part of Archaean Tanzania Craton. The area is characterized by Proterozic rocks of basaltic composition. The documented 2.7 Ga rocks at the Kilindi Handeni Superterrane at the northern part of the Usagaran belt correlate well with 2.7 Ga of Nyanzian rocks of Archaean Tanzania craton. The Handeni project area is geologically dominated by metamorphosed and deformed units of quartzofeldspathic gneisses, migmatitic gneiss, garnet silicified rock, garnetiferous amphibolite, garnetiferous granulite, graphitic schist and hornblende pyroxenite. Intensive deformation features that were developed include folds (sheath folds, micro and macro scales), faults, shears and regional thrusts. This thesis focuses on identifying the protolith of the rocks, alteration minerals, and metamorphic assemblages in the project area in order to understand the timing of gold mineralization. Geological investigation of core, ore petrology and mineralogy, mineral composition by using JEOL microprobe analysis and XRF analysis of bulk rocks were utilized. All the analytical work was done at the Geology laboratory, Rhodes University. Petrographic analysis shows that the rocks sampled in the study area are characterized by alteration minerals such as calcite, dolomite and sericite. Sulphide minerals including chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, pentlandite and gersdorffite were identified. Gold mineralization is associated with disseminated sulphides in association with trace amounts of base metals. Four rock types were proposed as host rocks for the mineralization, namely garnet silicified rock with superimposed quartz veins, garnetiferous amphibolite, garnetiferous granulite and hornblende pyroxenite. Fold troughs, filled fractures associated with episodes of folding, quartz veins and shear zones are suggested as gold precipitation sites. The presence of high grade metamorphic rocks containing gold, intermediate to low grade assemblages with sulphides and associated hydrothermal alteration as well as a complex deformation history suggests that the Handeni mineralization took place over an extended time period stretching from a ductile to a brittle environment.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:05:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1492 Thu 13 May 2021 04:46:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8595 Thu 13 May 2021 04:38:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4472 Thu 13 May 2021 04:19:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26456 Thu 13 May 2021 03:56:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1813 Thu 13 May 2021 03:45:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27712 Thu 13 May 2021 03:29:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31634 0.05) was observed between serum and saliva cortisol. However, results showed that there was adrenal stimulation in saliva coupled by significant (P<0.05) effects of sampling intervals. For the second study 21 non-pregnant and clinically healthy Nguni cows of one herd were used for the trial. They were divided into parity groups and their weights were used as a covariate in data analysis. For five consecutive weeks, fresh faecal samples were extracted and rectal temperatures measured. In addition, fear of approaching humans was assessed by AD scores and behaviour scores in the crush chute, as well as vocalisation, urination and defaecation were observed. The effect of successive handling significantly (P<0.05) affected the physiological parameters, namely FGM and RT. Contrariwise, Chi-square tests revealed that parities had a significant (χ2 < 0.05) influence on AD and crush scores as well as on the occurrence of excretory behaviour. It was concluded that saliva cortisol can be used as a stress indicator in beef cows. However, plasma cortisol can be significantly volatile thereby becoming less sensitive to changes across time. This can cause a lack of relationship between plasma and saliva cortisol. On the other hand, repetitive handling of beef cows has an influence on faecal stress levels. In addition, beef cows of differing parities behave differently to handling stress.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 02:23:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3855 Thu 13 May 2021 01:59:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2436 Thu 13 May 2021 01:07:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:895 Thu 13 May 2021 00:36:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5392 Thu 13 May 2021 00:33:19 SAST ]]>