https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20528 = 50 million carats at >= 95% gem quality, for example, the Orange-Vaal dispersal, off the Kaapvaal craton in South Africa. On craton placers are residual, and transient placers are eroded and deposited into the exit drainage, while terminal placers, the final depositories of diamonds with the highest chances of being mega-placers are deposited into terminal basins like oceans and foreland basins. Though data is limited at the moment, the Umkondo conglomerates caratage is likely to run into hundreds of millions of carats, with a diamond gem content of between twenty and twenty-five percent, as is indicated from recent diamond production data. The greater part of the Umkondo diamonds are likely to be lodged beneath the deep gravels of the Middle and Lower Save River basin, because small remnant tilted mountain blocks and inselbergs forming the caps of hills are what remains of the host conglomerate on the western margin of the Umkondo Basin. Areas to be examined in this document will be the geology; the mode of formation of the Umkondo basin and its sedimentary system; the regional kimberlite exploration around the basin; and diamond production in the Marange diamond field, in order to come up with indications of the provenance of the diamonds within the Umkondo conglomerates. The kimberlite clusters in and around the Umkondo sedimentary basin have all proved to be barren or only nominally diamondiferous and that the kimberlites are between 200Ma and 500Ma and thus much younger than the greater than 1.1Ga Umkondo diamondiferous conglomerates. Studies so far undertaken have not managed to point to the origin, or provenance, of the Umkondo or Marange diamonds, which were discovered on the western edge of the Umkondo Basin and in the east of the basin below the Chimanimani Mountains along the Haroni River. This paper is an attempt to clear up some of the misconceptions surrounding the Marange diamond deposit and to raise interest in the urgent rquirement to study and understand the Umkondo Basin and the origin of its diamonds. The only meaningful studies on diamond occurrence and diamond exploration of the basin were undertaken from 1996 to 2006 by Kimberlitic Searches Zimbabwe (Pvt) Ltd, the then Zimbabwe kimberlite exploration arm of De Beers, Zimbabwe, in their quest to find kimberlites, which were thought to be related to the Umkondo alluvial diamond deposit. As will be shown in the following chapters, many of the discovered kimberlites range from very low grade to non-diamondiferous, and are much younger than the Umkondo conglomerates, whose diamonds are in turn a great deal older. Thus the basic question concerning the origin or provenance of the Umkondo placer diamonds still remains unresolved. Because of the sheer size of the basin, modern, wide-area-coverage, geophysical exploration methods become appropriate to effectively generate diamond potential targets for further examination. This document will attempt to collate various data available to paint a true picture of the state of exploration within the Umkondo Basin.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 23:46:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1297 Wed 12 May 2021 23:14:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1514 Wed 12 May 2021 23:04:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26996 Wed 12 May 2021 22:53:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1983 Wed 12 May 2021 22:51:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27417 Wed 12 May 2021 20:55:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28108 Wed 12 May 2021 20:17:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11151 Wed 12 May 2021 19:34:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1692 Wed 12 May 2021 19:05:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21325 Wed 12 May 2021 18:41:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11945 Wed 12 May 2021 18:00:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3531 Wed 12 May 2021 17:40:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2013 Wed 12 May 2021 17:36:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:24050 Wed 12 May 2021 17:18:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1506 Wed 12 May 2021 17:12:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21146 Wed 12 May 2021 17:10:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3133 Wed 12 May 2021 17:04:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42729 Wed 12 May 2021 13:55:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1179 Thu 13 May 2021 08:17:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2510 Thu 13 May 2021 08:11:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4437 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30137 Thu 13 May 2021 06:57:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4662 Thu 13 May 2021 06:54:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1472 Thu 13 May 2021 06:50:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39473 Thu 13 May 2021 06:10:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4729 Thu 13 May 2021 05:45:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1606 Thu 13 May 2021 05:22:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20979 Thu 13 May 2021 05:17:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33966 Thu 13 May 2021 04:54:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2483 Thu 13 May 2021 03:41:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26566 Thu 13 May 2021 02:13:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1595 Thu 13 May 2021 01:54:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18423 Thu 13 May 2021 01:48:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1809 Thu 13 May 2021 01:09:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20749 Thu 13 May 2021 01:02:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5675 Thu 13 May 2021 00:50:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29507 Thu 13 May 2021 00:22:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3045 Thu 13 May 2021 00:02:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26314 Thu 13 May 2021 00:01:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:44235 Mon 23 Aug 2021 17:25:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4131 Fri 10 Dec 2021 08:54:22 SAST ]]>