https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1951 Wed 12 May 2021 23:04:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39154 0.05) differences. The protein and salt content were significantly higher in frozen-thawed (24.3 and 0.13%) muscles than in fresh muscle (20.2 and 0.08%); whereas the fat content and pH were lower (P<0.05) in frozen-thawed (5.36) compared to fresh muscles (5.51). Between muscles, the moisture, salt content, and pH were higher in BF muscles than in SM muscles (73.2, 0.12% and 5.49). Aw was affected by the interaction between freezing and muscle type, with frozenthawed SM having lower Aw (0.990). During salting, salt, weight and water gain did not show any differences (P<0.05). There were no major significant differences after salting. There were lower TBARS and pH in frozen-thawed (1.5mgMDA/kg and 5.15) muscles than in fresh muscles (3.3mgMDA/kg and 5.19) as well as in SM muscles (1.8mgMDA/kg and 5.16) than in BF muscles (3.0mgMDA/kg and 5.19). The moisture was significantly lower in frozen-thawed SM (68.1%) than in fresh SM, BF and frozen-thawed BF (69.3,70.5 and 71.7%) after salting. On the final product, the interaction between muscle type and freezing affected the moisture content, TBARS, chewiness and the springiness of biltong, with the biltong from fresh SM (39.8%) having significantly lower moisture content compared frozenthawed BF and ST muscles as well fresh BF muscles (42.8% in average). The TBARS were higher in biltong from fresh BF muscles (5.1mgMDA/kg) compared to other muscles. Furthermore, the chewiness and springiness were higher (P<0.05) in biltong produced from SM frozen-thawed muscles (327.7N and 1.5). The WBSF was higher in biltong from the BF muscles (108.8N) than in the biltong from SM (80.1) but it was not affected by the freezing effect (P>0.05). Freezing did not show any major differences in biltong. iv The third experiment was conducted to determine the effect of freezing African buffalo carcasses on weight loss during salting, physico-chemical and textural properties of biltong. Five muscles (ST, SM, BF, LTL, and RF) were randomly selected from 30 carcasses (15 frozen-thawed and 15 fresh), cut along the grain, traditionally salted and dried at 26oC till they lost 45-50% of their initial weight. The salting weight loss was higher in frozen-thawed muscles (-1.45%) than in fresh muscles (-0.89%). The freezing treatment affected the physico-chemical properties of the biltong. The biltong produced from frozen-thawed muscles showed significantly higher protein and ash (47.6 and 7.6%) compared to fresh (43.9 and 7.1); whereas the moisture, fat, pH and Aw were lower (43.7, 2.1, 0.870 and 5.30, respectively) compared to those of biltong from fresh muscles (45.5%, 2.9%, 0.890 and 5.38). The moisture, pH and fat content were further affected by muscle type. The interactive effect was observed in salt content, with RF frozen-thawed showing higher salt content (8.2%) compared to all other muscles. The hardness and WBSF were significantly higher (P<0.05) in biltong frozen-thawed (204.1N and 135.0N) than in fresh muscles (146.2N and 113.1N). Moreover, the chewiness and springiness were affected (P<0.05) by muscle type, with RF muscle having higher springiness 0.89 and chewiness 171.1N than all the other muscles. Therefore, it can be concluded that freezing buffalo carcasses significantly influenced the quality characteristics of biltong. The fourth experiment studied the effect of drying methods on physico-chemical properties of traditional biltong produced from African buffalo muscles. The BF and SM muscles were randomly selected from 15 fresh carcasses, cut into strips, salted and divided into two batches per muscle. The first batch of each muscle type was dried in the ambient-air drier at 22oC average and the second batch in the cabinet drier at 26 oC till 45-50% weight loss. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in salting weight loss between the drying method and muscle type. The protein content was significantly higher in SM (46%) muscles compared to v BF (43%) but there was no effect (P>0.05) caused by the drying method. The interactions between the muscle type and drying method affected the fat content, with biltong from airdried BF muscles having significant lower (2.1%) fat content. There were no significant differences in other physico-chemical properties of biltong, with moisture content, salt, ash content, Aw and pH being 45.0%, 5.13%, 44.8%, 7.3%, 2.7%, 0.885 and 5.61 on average, respectively. Overall, the findings of the study show that freezing does have a significant effect on the final quality of biltong. However, it can be concluded that a significant effect on the physico-chemical properties of biltong depends on the changes of mass transfers during salting and drying.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:21:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26635 Wed 12 May 2021 20:10:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39076 Wed 12 May 2021 20:01:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11146 Wed 12 May 2021 19:36:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1504 Wed 12 May 2021 19:29:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38128 Wed 12 May 2021 19:00:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1454 Wed 12 May 2021 18:30:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1445 Wed 12 May 2021 17:27:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1661 Wed 12 May 2021 15:55:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40698 Wed 12 May 2021 14:27:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1432 Tue 10 Aug 2021 12:38:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20790 Thu 13 May 2021 16:20:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21181 Thu 13 May 2021 08:45:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3545 Thu 13 May 2021 08:05:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4484 Thu 13 May 2021 07:36:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38604 Thu 13 May 2021 07:06:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4171 Thu 13 May 2021 06:53:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5499 Thu 13 May 2021 06:26:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5613 Thu 13 May 2021 04:58:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5850 Thu 13 May 2021 04:33:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3586 Thu 13 May 2021 03:33:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5055 Thu 13 May 2021 02:32:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1988 Thu 13 May 2021 02:25:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3786 Thu 13 May 2021 01:03:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4717 Thu 13 May 2021 00:49:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35645 Mon 06 May 2024 15:41:38 SAST ]]>