https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4102 Wed 12 May 2021 23:39:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4053 Wed 12 May 2021 23:35:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3990 Wed 12 May 2021 22:59:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3985 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4026 Wed 12 May 2021 22:38:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3964 0.05]. These results imply that differences in the biosynthetic pathways for biomass accumulation in sibling strains play a significant role in the intraspecific variation observed in pollutant sensitivity, pollutant degradation, and enzyme production. Categorical analysis of intraspecific differences was assessed according to four criterions. These included growth, extracellular peroxidase activities, tolerance to toxic pollutants and the biodegradation of model pollutants. Sibling strains showing the most variable responses in three or more of the selective criterion were recommended for further studies. These strains include P. chrysosporium ME446, BS 2.52, BS 13, BS 17, BS 18, and BS 24. Interestingly, BS 2.52 (a dikaryotic strain generating from the crossing of two haploid progeny) showed significantly lower degradation capabilities than the wildtype parent strain ME446. The inherited variability observed between sibling strains is to be further explored through proteome and transcriptome analysis and genetic linkage studies aimed at describing the mechanisms or pathways conferring tolerance to or degradation of environmental pollutants. In examining fewer organisms at this next level, the number of replicates examined can be increased and thus the power of detection of experimental procedures improved, enabling the detection of multigenic traits amongst genetically related organisms. Growth was shown to play a significant role in the intraspecific differences detected in pollutant sensitivity and degradation between sibling strains. Little is known about the mechanism of growth and differentiation, or the role of differentiation in regulating the lignolytic activity in this organism. The membrane gradostat bioreactor and a unique plug-flow membrane bioreactor were evaluated as novel tools with which to further explore the relationship between secondary metabolism, pollutant degradation and biofilm development in sibling strains. High yield MnP production at levels as high as 1478.8 U.l-1 was achieved using a laboratory scale membrane gradostat bioreactor. Furthermore, extensive mycelial differentiation and tissue formation are reported for P. chrysosporium in both the membrane gradostat bioreactor and plug-flow membrane bioreactor. Intraspecific differences in the extent of this differentiation were observed in strains ME446, BS 13, BS 17 and BS 26 cultured using the membrane gradostat bioreactor, highlighting the potential of these techniques as a platform for future strain improvement strategies.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:17:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37671 A in exon 41 is the most prevalent LRRK2 variation which causes a substitution of glycine to serine in G2019S in the highly activated loop of its MAP kinase domain. The LRRK2 G2019S variant is the most common genetic determinant of Parkinson’s disease identified to date. This work focused on building accurate 3D models of the LRRK2 kinase domain, that were used for large-scale in silico docking against South African natural compounds from the South African Natural Compounds Database (SANCDB; https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za/). Molecular docking was performed to identify compounds that formed interactions with the active site of the protein and had the lowest binding energy scores. Molecular dynamics simulations showed different movements of the protein-ligand complexes and behavioural difference of the wildtype and the variants, all three structures proved to be compact. Network analysis was done to study residue interactions, contact maps, dynamic cross correlations, average BC and average L were used to study the residue interactions and general residue contribution to the functioning of the protein..]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:17:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20972 Wed 12 May 2021 20:55:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4065 Wed 12 May 2021 20:35:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4070 ethyl acetate > chloroform. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the methanol plant extracts increased in the order Brachylaena elliptica > Plumbago auriculata > Grewia robusta > Azima tetracantha. Methanol extracts on the TLC plate sprayed with Fe³⁺-2,4,6-Tri-2-pyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) showed that the compounds present in the extracts react differently to ferric ion, with most compounds unable to reduce ferric ion. Furthermore the methanol extracts were able to exhibit reduction potentials vs. Ag/AgCl at low concentrations. The compounds in the extracts were shown to be phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:35:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4110 Wed 12 May 2021 20:25:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3883 Wed 12 May 2021 20:23:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3951 Wed 12 May 2021 20:17:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3907 Wed 12 May 2021 20:12:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4033 Wed 12 May 2021 20:01:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4011 98 % in 24 – 30 h batch cycles. Comparable performance between the packing materials was shown. Uptake by the packing was negligible and stripping of compounds induced by aeration had a minimal effect on biodegradation efficiency. Reactor performances are discussed in relation to sequencing batch operation and nutrient requirements necessary to sustain fungal activity in inert vs. organic material packed systems. It was shown that a co-culture consisting of sulphate-reducing and dechlororespiring bacteria established in fed-batch and soil flasks, as well as pine chip-packed fluidized bed reactors. Results showed reductive dechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP to be in strict dependence on the activity of the sulphate-reducing population, sulphate and lactate concentrations. Transformation to 2,4-DCP, 4-CP and phenol was enhanced in sulphate deficient conditions. Dechlororespiring activity was found to be dependent on the fermentative activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria, and the culture was also shown to mobilize and dechlorinate TCP in soils contaminated with the pollutant. Linking the systems achieved degradation of the compound by > 99 % through fungal mineralization of metabolites produced in the dechlororespiring stage of the system. pH correction to the anaerobic reactor was found to be necessary since acidic effluent from the fungal reactor inhibited sulphate reduction and dechlorination. The fungal reactor system was evaluated at intermediate-scale using a complex waste oil recycling effluent. Substantial COD reduction (> 96 % in 48 h batch cycles) and removal of specific effluent hydrocarbon components was shown in diluted, undiluted (COD > 37 g.L⁻¹) and 2,4,6-TCP-spiked effluents. Industrial application of the fungal reactor was evaluated in a 14 m³ pilot plant operated on-site at a waste oil processing plant.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:45:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3992 Wed 12 May 2021 19:32:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3933 Wed 12 May 2021 19:16:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3920 Wed 12 May 2021 19:11:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3976 Wed 12 May 2021 18:46:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3950 Wed 12 May 2021 18:43:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4132 50%). In the current study, the specific activities of a range of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (L-alanine aminopeptidase, L-leucine aminopeptidase, arylsulphatase, α-glucosidase, β- glucosidase, protease and lipase) were monitored in a sulfide gradient within a biosulphidogenic RSBR. Data obtained indicated that the specific enzymatic activities increased with the depth of the RSBR and also correlated with a number of the physicochemical parameters including sulfide, alkalinity and sulfate. The activities of α- glucosidase and β-glucosidase were higher than that of the other enzymes studied. Lipase activity was relatively low and studies conducted on the enzyme-enzyme interaction using specific enzyme inhibitors indicated that lipases were probably being digested by the proteases. Further studies to determine the impact of sulfide on the enzymes, showed an increase in the enzyme activity with increasing sulfide concentration. Possible direct affects were investigated by looking for changes in the Michaelis constant (Km) and the maximal velocity (Vmax) of the crude enzymes with varying sulfide concentrations (250, 400 and 500 mg/l) using natural and synthetic substrates. The results showed no significant difference in both the Km and the Vmax for any of the hydrolytic enzymes except for the protease. The latter showed a statistically significant increase in the Km with increasing sulfide concentration. Although this indicated a direct interaction, this difference was not large enough to be of biochemical significance and was consequently not solely responsible for the enhanced hydrolysis observed in the RSBR. Investigation into the floc characteristics indicated that the biosulphidogenic RSBR flocs were generally small in size and became more dendritic with the depth of the RSBR. Based on the above data, the previously proposed descriptive models of enhanced hydrolysis of particulate organic matter in a biosulphidogenic RSBR has been revised. It is thought that the effect of sulfide on the hydrolysis step is primarily indirect and that the reduction in floc size and alteration of the floc shape to a more dendritic form is central to the success of the process.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 18:32:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4107 Wed 12 May 2021 18:29:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3943 Wed 12 May 2021 18:23:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4101 Wed 12 May 2021 18:21:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4121 Wed 12 May 2021 18:17:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3955 Wed 12 May 2021 18:14:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3903 Wed 12 May 2021 18:01:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3980 Wed 12 May 2021 17:56:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3905 Wed 12 May 2021 17:51:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4143 Wed 12 May 2021 17:50:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3889 Wed 12 May 2021 17:25:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3899 Wed 12 May 2021 17:09:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4099 Wed 12 May 2021 16:48:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4022 Wed 12 May 2021 16:47:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38540 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4081 Wed 12 May 2021 16:44:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4082 Wed 12 May 2021 16:43:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4106 Wed 12 May 2021 16:37:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4098 Wed 12 May 2021 16:31:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3924 Wed 12 May 2021 16:20:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3894 Wed 12 May 2021 16:06:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3945 Wed 12 May 2021 16:02:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3906 Wed 12 May 2021 16:01:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4048 Wed 12 May 2021 15:55:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38071 Wed 12 May 2021 15:54:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3962 Wed 12 May 2021 15:47:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41036 Wed 12 May 2021 14:38:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20319 Thu 16 Mar 2023 12:59:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4084 Thu 13 May 2021 15:33:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3949 Thu 13 May 2021 13:31:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4105 Thu 13 May 2021 10:52:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4136 Thu 13 May 2021 10:28:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4023 Thu 13 May 2021 08:13:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3986 Thu 13 May 2021 08:03:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4010 Thu 13 May 2021 07:34:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4104 Thu 13 May 2021 07:27:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4113 Thu 13 May 2021 07:20:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3929 Thu 13 May 2021 07:14:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4171 Thu 13 May 2021 06:53:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4046 Thu 13 May 2021 06:51:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4019 Thu 13 May 2021 06:49:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4073 Thu 13 May 2021 06:37:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3968 Thu 13 May 2021 06:31:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4062 Thu 13 May 2021 06:26:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4020 Thu 13 May 2021 06:21:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4052 Thu 13 May 2021 06:17:48 SAST ]]> 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13 May 2021 03:58:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3993 Thu 13 May 2021 03:50:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3880 Thu 13 May 2021 03:40:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3996 Thu 13 May 2021 03:32:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3896 Thu 13 May 2021 03:24:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3916 Thu 13 May 2021 03:16:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4170 Thu 13 May 2021 03:15:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4108 Thu 13 May 2021 03:02:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3923 Thu 13 May 2021 02:31:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3918 Thu 13 May 2021 02:17:58 SAST ]]> 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13 May 2021 00:06:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:45410 Mon 24 Apr 2023 11:43:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4131 Fri 10 Dec 2021 08:54:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3978 Fri 06 Aug 2021 11:41:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4028 Fri 06 Aug 2021 10:23:20 SAST ]]>