https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4071 Wed 12 May 2021 22:26:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3992 Wed 12 May 2021 19:32:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4076 10,000 mg/I), numerous metals and high concentrations of those metals (> 20 mg/l of platinum group metals) in the wastewater are the main challenges for biological removal of nitrogenous compounds from PMR wastewater. Nitrogenous compounds such as NH₄⁺-N and N0₃-N are strong metal ligands, which make it difficult to recover metals from the wastewater. Therefore, a bioprocess was developed for removal of nitrogenous compounds from carefully simulated PMR wastewater. A preliminary investigation of metal wastewater was carried out to determine its composition and physico-chemical properties, the ability to nitrify and denitrify under different pH conditions and denitrification with different carbon Source compounds and amounts. Even at pH 4, nitrification could be carried out. A suitable hydraulic retention time was found to be 72 hours. There was no significant difference between sodium acetate and sodium lactate as carbon sources for denitrification. Based on these results, a reactor comparison study was carried out using simulated PMR wastewater in three types of reactors: continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), packed-bed reactor (PBR) and airlift suspension reactor (ALSR). These reactors were fed with 30 mg/l of Rh bound in an NH₄⁺ based compound (Claus salt: pentaaminechlororhodium (III) dichloride). Total nitrogen removal efficiencies of > 68 % , > 79 % and > 45 % were obtained in the CSTR, PBR and ALSR, respectively. Serially connected CSTR-PBR and PBR-CSTR reactor configurations were then studied to determine the best configuration for maximum removal of nitrogenous compounds from the wastewater. The PBR-CSTR configuration gave consistent biomass retention and automatic pH control in the CSTR. Ammonium removal efficiencies > 95 % were achieved in both reactors. As poor nitrate removal was observed a toxicity study was carried out using respirometry and the half saturation inhibition coefficients for Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru were found to be 15.81, 25.00, 33.34 and 39.25 mg/l, respectively. A mathematical model was developed to describe the nitrogen removal in PMR wastewater using activated sludge model number 1 (ASMl), two step nitrification and metal toxicity. An operational protocol was developed based on the literature review, experimental work and simulation results. The optimum reactor configuration under the set conditions (20 mg/I of Rh and < 100 mg/I of NH₄⁺-N) was found to be PBR-CSTR-PBR process, which achieved overall NH₄⁺-N and N0₃⁻-N removal efficiencies of > 90 % and 95 %, respectively. Finally, a rudimentary microbial characterisation was carried out on subsamples from the CSTR and PBRsecondary. It was found that the CSTR biomass consisted of both rods and cocci while PBRsecondary consisted of rods only. Based on these experimental works, further research needs and recommendations were made for optimisation of the developed bioprocess for removal of nitrogenous compounds from PMR wastewater.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 18:01:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3932 Wed 12 May 2021 17:27:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3981 Wed 12 May 2021 17:19:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3924 Wed 12 May 2021 16:20:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3945 Wed 12 May 2021 16:02:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3962 Wed 12 May 2021 15:47:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4097 Thu 13 May 2021 11:07:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3968 Thu 13 May 2021 06:31:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3944 Thu 13 May 2021 06:01:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3958 Thu 13 May 2021 05:51:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3996 Thu 13 May 2021 03:32:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3923 Thu 13 May 2021 02:31:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3930 Thu 13 May 2021 01:44:19 SAST ]]>