https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:56843 Wed 26 Oct 2022 15:54:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27793 Wed 21 Jul 2021 11:24:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31505 Wed 15 Mar 2023 12:59:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27452 Wed 12 Apr 2023 15:20:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28488 Wed 03 May 2023 13:07:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65376 Tue 16 Jan 2024 14:30:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71795 Tue 05 Mar 2024 07:59:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:56820 Thu 29 Sep 2022 12:17:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28489 Thu 25 May 2023 13:00:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:45201 Thu 23 Jun 2022 10:11:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:57253 Thu 20 Oct 2022 09:50:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5029 Thu 13 May 2021 16:30:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4933 Thu 13 May 2021 16:28:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4993 Thu 13 May 2021 13:40:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5087 Thu 13 May 2021 13:12:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4973 Thu 13 May 2021 11:24:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4983 Thu 13 May 2021 11:01:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4942 Thu 13 May 2021 08:54:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5024 Thu 13 May 2021 08:49:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5075 Thu 13 May 2021 08:49:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4954 Thu 13 May 2021 08:47:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4928 Thu 13 May 2021 08:47:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5042 Thu 13 May 2021 08:46:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5064 Thu 13 May 2021 08:20:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5016 Thu 13 May 2021 08:17:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4919 Thu 13 May 2021 08:17:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4952 Thu 13 May 2021 08:11:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5073 Thu 13 May 2021 08:08:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5074 Thu 13 May 2021 07:43:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4921 Thu 13 May 2021 07:40:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4939 Thu 13 May 2021 07:37:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30610 Thu 13 May 2021 07:33:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5091 Thu 13 May 2021 07:30:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4922 Thu 13 May 2021 07:29:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5051 Thu 13 May 2021 07:26:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5041 Thu 13 May 2021 07:15:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4967 Thu 13 May 2021 07:10:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4912 Thu 13 May 2021 07:10:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5017 Thu 13 May 2021 07:06:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34101 Fe. Masoke Iron Formation (Kanye Basin) which is stratigraphic correlative of The Ghaap Group and Chuniespoort Group of the Griqualand West basin and Transvaal basin, respectively. The Palaeoproterozoic Transvaal Supergroup in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa hosts high grade (>60% Fe) hematitic and specularitic iron and manganese mineralisation. It is therefore important to study and record the petrographic, mineralogy and geochemistry of Masoke Iron Formation, compare the results to the much known Kuruman and Griquatown Iron Formations. This study systematically investigate and record the petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry of all Masoke Iron Formation of Taupone Group in the Kanye Basin, which is stratigraphic correlative of The Ghaap Group and Chuniespoort Group of the Griqualand West basin and Transvaal basin, respectively. The further objective is to compare Masoke Iron Formation to the equivalent units in the Transvaal basin and Griqualand basin. In contrast to both Transvaal and Griqualand West Basin the Masoke iron Formation (Kanye Basin) has not been the subject of systematic scientific investigations. The study covers three main areas in the Kanye Basin: Keng Pan Area, Ukwi/Moretlwa hill and Janeng Hill Area. The mineralogy and geochemistry of these areas are presented in this study. Kanye Basin has a potential to host a large iron ore deposit, the geological setting in this area incorporates many of the elements necessary for iron ore formation. These include: banded iron formation (BIF), major unconformities with prolonged periods of weathering, carbonate sequences etc. In addition, several large deposits and mines are known from this area. This area can potentially have both hypogene and supergene enrichment of BIF. In this model, prospectively for new deposits is a function of the following: presence of iron formation units, proximity of mapped Asbestos Hills and Voëlwater BIF, thrust faulting (as indicated by the aero-magnetic interpretation), duplication of the ore horizon by folding, intersection of the BIF by major extensional fault, proximity of Olifantshoek/Waterberg outcrop, Gamagara unconformity, presence of carbonates (dolomites) and thin Kalahari sand cover. Major BIF units in the area of study include: the Masoke Iron Formation, equivalent to Kuruman Formation of the Asbestos Hills Subgroup, the Rooinekke iron formation of the Koegas Subgroup and the Hotazel Formation of the Voëlwater Subgroup. Supergene enrichment of these BIFs may occur wherever they are overlain by a major regional unconformity. The base of the Waterberg and the OlifantshoekSupergroups represent major unconformities in this regional target area. Potential for hypogene deposits is indicated by faulting (preferably extensional) proximal to BIF.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 07:06:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4981 Thu 13 May 2021 06:53:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5003 Thu 13 May 2021 06:48:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4905 Thu 13 May 2021 06:46:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21335 Thu 13 May 2021 06:38:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4949 Thu 13 May 2021 06:37:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5004 minent constituent. This, together with the relative abundance of quartzfeldspar porphyry pebbles in the Katberg Sandstone unit (Beaufort Group) near East London, indicates that volcanic material probably formed a prominent part of the post-Dwyka Karoo provenance.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:36:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4911 Thu 13 May 2021 06:09:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5040 Thu 13 May 2021 06:09:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4901 Thu 13 May 2021 06:08:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5034 Thu 13 May 2021 06:06:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4979 Thu 13 May 2021 06:05:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5072 Thu 13 May 2021 05:54:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4994 Thu 13 May 2021 05:53:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5043 Thu 13 May 2021 05:42:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20762 Thu 13 May 2021 05:36:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4976 Thu 13 May 2021 05:31:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4940 Thu 13 May 2021 05:30:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5059 Thu 13 May 2021 05:24:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5065 Thu 13 May 2021 05:22:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4980 Thu 13 May 2021 05:22:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38497 Thu 13 May 2021 05:20:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5057 Thu 13 May 2021 05:16:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4974 Thu 13 May 2021 05:11:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26609 2.5Ga) and are located to the south and east of Lake Victoria on the Tanzania craton. The Tanzania Craton is surrounded by Usagaran 1.9 Ga rocks (the east African orogenic belt (EAO) better known as the Mozambique belt) to the east and the Ubendian belt to the south and west. Published reports show that the eastern part of the Tanzania Craton is dominated by the fragments of Archaean rocks. Metamorphism along East Africa and the Tanzania Craton is due to several geological events. These geological events include the intrusion of granites in the Archaean Tanzania Craton (3 Ga), subduction of ocean plate resulted to the formation of Usagaran belt (1.9 Ga), opening and closure of Mozambique Ocean, which resulted in the formation of the Mozambique belt between 700 – 800 Ma and the Pan African orogeny at 640 – 620 Ma, which is associated with the formation of Gondwana. It is believed that fragments from the Archaean Tanzania craton were re - metamorphosed during these events. The Handeni project (the focus of this thesis) is located in the northern portion of the eastern part of the Usagaran belt (1.9 Ga) comprising the eastern part of Archaean Tanzania Craton. The area is characterized by Proterozic rocks of basaltic composition. The documented 2.7 Ga rocks at the Kilindi Handeni Superterrane at the northern part of the Usagaran belt correlate well with 2.7 Ga of Nyanzian rocks of Archaean Tanzania craton. The Handeni project area is geologically dominated by metamorphosed and deformed units of quartzofeldspathic gneisses, migmatitic gneiss, garnet silicified rock, garnetiferous amphibolite, garnetiferous granulite, graphitic schist and hornblende pyroxenite. Intensive deformation features that were developed include folds (sheath folds, micro and macro scales), faults, shears and regional thrusts. This thesis focuses on identifying the protolith of the rocks, alteration minerals, and metamorphic assemblages in the project area in order to understand the timing of gold mineralization. Geological investigation of core, ore petrology and mineralogy, mineral composition by using JEOL microprobe analysis and XRF analysis of bulk rocks were utilized. All the analytical work was done at the Geology laboratory, Rhodes University. Petrographic analysis shows that the rocks sampled in the study area are characterized by alteration minerals such as calcite, dolomite and sericite. Sulphide minerals including chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, pentlandite and gersdorffite were identified. Gold mineralization is associated with disseminated sulphides in association with trace amounts of base metals. Four rock types were proposed as host rocks for the mineralization, namely garnet silicified rock with superimposed quartz veins, garnetiferous amphibolite, garnetiferous granulite and hornblende pyroxenite. Fold troughs, filled fractures associated with episodes of folding, quartz veins and shear zones are suggested as gold precipitation sites. The presence of high grade metamorphic rocks containing gold, intermediate to low grade assemblages with sulphides and associated hydrothermal alteration as well as a complex deformation history suggests that the Handeni mineralization took place over an extended time period stretching from a ductile to a brittle environment.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:05:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4896 Thu 13 May 2021 05:04:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5083 Thu 13 May 2021 05:02:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4925 Thu 13 May 2021 04:52:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4970 Thu 13 May 2021 04:47:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4929 Thu 13 May 2021 04:38:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21248 Thu 13 May 2021 04:27:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5002 Thu 13 May 2021 04:20:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5044 Thu 13 May 2021 04:16:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5054 Thu 13 May 2021 04:16:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4906 Thu 13 May 2021 04:14:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5026 Thu 13 May 2021 04:09:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5009 Thu 13 May 2021 04:02:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4915 2 wt %) crystallise Fe-Ti oxides early whereas low H2O magmas (< 1 wt %) crystallise oxides late. Early pulses of H2O-poor magma crystallise a sequence of plag+cpx+Fe-Ti oxide (±ol). Later pulses of H2Orich magma subsequently intrude the partially crystallised cumulate sequence incorporating and consuming previously crystallised silicates with subsequent early crystallisation of Ti-magnetite and formation of ore layers. H2O-rich magmas likely have suspended Ti-magnetite microphenocrysts as well, which crystallise at depth in the plumbing system. This model can account for the various characteristic features of the Fe-Ti oxide ore layers at the Panzhihua intrusion as well as other Fe-Ti oxide ore bearing intrusions in the region.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 03:57:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5048 Thu 13 May 2021 03:55:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4926 Thu 13 May 2021 03:55:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5049 8500°) obtained from quarternary Qz-An-Ab-Or- H₂0 plots. The metamorphic grade increases westwards from medium grade to high grade. In the east, the metapelites contain andalusite, and coexisting muscovite and quartz. This indicates that temperatures of 6000° at 3,5- 4 kb pressure were attained. In the west, coexisting wollastonite and anorthite in the Khan gneisses indicate pressure- temperature conditions of 720° at 4,5-5 kb. Two tectonic events were responsible for the regional structure. An early F₁ episode produced east- west oriented overturned folds and was followed by an intense F₂ episode of isoclinal folding which is responsible for the dominant northeast - southwest regional fabric. The interference of these folds in the proximity of the underlying basement produced the complex dome and basin structures seen in the central and western parts of the area. An F₃ episode of minor importance was also recognized. The presence of continental basement rocks in this central part of the Damara belt is evidence for formation of the orogen by in-situ deformation rather than continental collision.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 03:54:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5050 Thu 13 May 2021 03:50:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21326 Thu 13 May 2021 03:05:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21130 Thu 13 May 2021 02:58:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4963 Thu 13 May 2021 02:55:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5010 Thu 13 May 2021 02:55:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4899 Thu 13 May 2021 02:49:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5076 Thu 13 May 2021 02:48:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4923 Thu 13 May 2021 02:46:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5068 Thu 13 May 2021 02:43:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4960 Thu 13 May 2021 02:33:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5055 Thu 13 May 2021 02:32:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4956 Thu 13 May 2021 02:29:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71943 Thu 04 Apr 2024 20:04:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42935 Thu 03 Jun 2021 09:02:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65379 Sun 21 Jan 2024 14:37:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28702 Mon 29 Jan 2024 14:44:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:57256 Mon 10 Oct 2022 09:43:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:45202 Mon 04 Jul 2022 12:24:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65357 Mon 03 Jul 2023 10:33:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28204 Fri 06 Aug 2021 11:56:45 SAST ]]>