https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73647 Wed 26 Jun 2024 11:52:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73639 Wed 26 Jun 2024 10:47:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73504 Wed 19 Jun 2024 14:24:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73503 Wed 19 Jun 2024 14:10:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73489 Wed 19 Jun 2024 12:59:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73492 Wed 19 Jun 2024 12:47:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74097 Wed 10 Jul 2024 15:41:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74094 Wed 10 Jul 2024 15:07:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74093 Wed 10 Jul 2024 14:38:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74092 Wed 10 Jul 2024 14:17:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74088 Wed 10 Jul 2024 13:28:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74083 Wed 10 Jul 2024 12:40:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74074 Wed 10 Jul 2024 12:26:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74061 Wed 10 Jul 2024 11:37:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74052 Wed 10 Jul 2024 10:55:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74045 Wed 10 Jul 2024 10:27:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74042 Wed 10 Jul 2024 10:12:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74039 Wed 10 Jul 2024 09:09:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73771 Wed 03 Jul 2024 15:06:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73770 Wed 03 Jul 2024 14:51:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73769 Wed 03 Jul 2024 14:24:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73623 Tue 25 Jun 2024 13:55:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73621 Tue 25 Jun 2024 13:33:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73620 Tue 25 Jun 2024 12:44:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73618 Tue 25 Jun 2024 12:15:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73617 Tue 25 Jun 2024 11:55:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73267 Tue 25 Jun 2024 10:44:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74474 Tue 23 Jul 2024 10:11:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73263 Tue 11 Jun 2024 15:35:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73260 Tue 11 Jun 2024 15:05:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73243 Tue 11 Jun 2024 11:08:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74016 Tue 09 Jul 2024 13:15:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74013 Tue 09 Jul 2024 13:00:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74011 Tue 09 Jul 2024 12:33:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74009 Tue 09 Jul 2024 12:18:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74001 Tue 09 Jul 2024 11:08:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73987 Tue 09 Jul 2024 09:30:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72954 Tue 04 Jun 2024 12:04:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72941 Tue 04 Jun 2024 11:56:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72939 Tue 04 Jun 2024 11:01:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73749 Tue 02 Jul 2024 14:45:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73741 Tue 02 Jul 2024 10:39:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73658 Thu 27 Jun 2024 14:51:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73657 Thu 27 Jun 2024 14:30:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73654 Thu 27 Jun 2024 12:46:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73653 Thu 27 Jun 2024 12:17:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73651 Thu 27 Jun 2024 11:49:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73562 7-ONE > 8-ONE > 5-ONE which correlated exactly with results from binary guest/guest competition experiments, where 6-ONE was always preferred by H1, while 5-ONE was consistently disfavoured. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analyses demonstrated that each guest compound was retained in the crystals by means of a hydrogen bond with an alcohol moiety of the host compound. Furthermore, preferred guests 6- and 7-ONE produced crystals with greater densities than guests less favoured (5- and 8-ONE). A conformational analysis of the guest geometries in the four complexes with H1 revealed that the low energy guest conformers were present. The host selectivity for 6- and 7-ONE was proposed to be due to the improved molecular packing in the crystals of the complexes containing these two guest compounds, observed from their higher crystal densities. Hirshfeld surface analyses were not useful in explaining the preference of H1 for 6-ONE relative to 7-ONE (these types of analyses were not possible for the 5-ONE and 8-ONE-containing inclusion compounds due to the nature and degree of disorder present in the guest molecules). H1 was also crystallized from γ-butyrolactone (GBL), 2-pyrrolidone (NP), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP), and 1H-NMR spectroscopy revealed that all but GBL were included. The host compound was also presented with these guest solvents in various mixtures, and it was observed that NMP was an extremely favoured guest solvent, followed by NEP and NP, with GBL being consistently disfavoured in every experiment. It was therefore shown that in certain instances, H1 may serve as an alternative tool for separating some of these mixtures through host-guest chemistry strategies. The hydrogen bonding motifs present in each of the successfully formed complexes were extensively investigated through SCXRD analysis, as was the thermal behaviour of these complexes. In the latter instance, the peak temperature of the endotherm (from the DSC trace) representing the guest release was greater for the inclusion compound with favoured NMP (145.5 °C) relative to the complexes with NP (139.8 °C) and NEP (120.5 °C). Host compounds H2 and H3 were revealed to have the ability to include each of pyridine (PYR), 2-methylpyridine (2MP), 3-methylpyridine (3MP) and 4-methylpyridine (4MP). H2 displayed selective behaviour for 3MP and 4MP when presented with mixtures of these guest compounds, whilst H3 preferred PYR. In the latter case, this PYR-containing inclusion compound was also the more stable one (the guest release onset temperature was highest, Ton 66.0 °C). It was demonstrated that H2 has the ability to separate very many binary mixtures of these pyridines on a practical platform, since K (the selectivity coefficient) values were 10 or greater in many instances. However, unfortunately, the more difficult-to-separate mixtures containing 3MP and 4MP cannot be purified or separated by employing H2 and supramolecular chemistry strategies. H3 was also shown to be a likely candidate for binary guest separations in very many of the guest solutions considered here, where K was also 10 or greater, and even infinity in many cases. SCXRD demonstrated that 2MP, 3MP and 4MP were retained in the crystals of their complexes by means of classical hydrogen bonds with the host compound. Satisfyingly, this hydrogen bond between 2MP and H2 (3.0213(18) Å) was significantly longer than that between this host compound and both disorder components of 3MP (2.875(2) and 2.825(9) Å) and that between H2 and 4MP (2.8458(13) Å). This observation explains the affinity of H2 for both 3MP and 4MP, and why 2MP was disfavoured. The results of thermal experiments did not wholly concur with observations from the guest/guest competition experiments. Hirshfeld surface analyses were also conducted but were not entirely conclusive with respect to explaining the host selectivity behaviour. In the case of H3, SCXRD analyses revealed that favoured PYR experienced a classical hydrogen bond with the host compound that was statistically significantly shorter (2.795(2) Å, 165°) than those between the other guest compounds and H3. Additionally, this guest compound was the only one to be involved in a (host)C−H···π(guest) interaction (2.91 Å, 139°) and also a non-classical hydrogen bond with the host compound ((host)C−H···N−C(guest), 2.77 Å (144°)). Finally, Hirshfeld surface analyses showed also that preferred PYR experienced a greater percentage of C···H/H···C (33.1%) and H···N/N···H (11.1%) interactions compared with the complexes with 2MP, 3MP and 4MP. However, it is not clear whether these Hirshfeld observations explain the affinity of H3 for PYR.]]> Thu 20 Jun 2024 15:42:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73554 Thu 20 Jun 2024 14:46:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73359 Thu 13 Jun 2024 11:37:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74160 Thu 11 Jul 2024 15:07:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74159 Thu 11 Jul 2024 14:59:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74154 Thu 11 Jul 2024 14:17:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74152 Thu 11 Jul 2024 13:50:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74147 Thu 11 Jul 2024 13:29:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74112 Thu 11 Jul 2024 13:14:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74139 Thu 11 Jul 2024 13:07:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74133 Thu 11 Jul 2024 12:53:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73614 Mon 24 Jun 2024 15:41:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73184 Mon 10 Jun 2024 14:28:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73182 Mon 10 Jun 2024 13:59:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73188 Mon 10 Jun 2024 12:36:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73185 Mon 10 Jun 2024 11:04:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73938 Mon 08 Jul 2024 13:56:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73937 Mon 08 Jul 2024 13:34:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73934 Mon 08 Jul 2024 12:59:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73931 Mon 08 Jul 2024 12:46:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73916 Mon 08 Jul 2024 11:07:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73695 Mon 01 Jul 2024 11:40:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73692 Mon 01 Jul 2024 10:32:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73689 Mon 01 Jul 2024 10:16:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73676 Fri 28 Jun 2024 14:39:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73674 Fri 28 Jun 2024 14:11:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73672 Fri 28 Jun 2024 13:49:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73670 Fri 28 Jun 2024 12:46:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73669 Fri 28 Jun 2024 12:19:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73666 Fri 28 Jun 2024 11:30:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73665 Fri 28 Jun 2024 11:02:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73663 Fri 28 Jun 2024 10:05:59 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73659 Fri 28 Jun 2024 08:05:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73597 Fri 21 Jun 2024 15:41:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73596 Fri 21 Jun 2024 14:52:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73595 Fri 21 Jun 2024 14:31:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73594 Fri 21 Jun 2024 14:09:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73586 Fri 21 Jun 2024 12:04:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73589 Fri 21 Jun 2024 12:03:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73578 Fri 21 Jun 2024 10:26:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73571 Fri 21 Jun 2024 08:33:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:74444 Fri 19 Jul 2024 10:47:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73384 Fri 14 Jun 2024 11:49:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73383 200μg/mL). If the herbal extracts had inconclusive IC50 values in the three cell lines subsequent experiments were conducted using 100 μg/mL. The results showed that most of the combinations were antagonistic but, some combinations had synergistic or enhancement effects(1:3 for cisplatin with grape seed or green tea and tamoxifen with grapeseed or green tea, and 3:1 for cisplatin with green tea as well as for tamoxifen with fermented rooibos or green rooibos, and all the 1:1 combinations of 5- fluorouracil with all herbal extracts) with a combination index (CI) < 1. Grape seed and green tea were found to induce apoptosis in the three cell lines. Assays that were conducted to detect apoptosis induction showed positive staining for phosphatidylserine (PS), activated caspase 3, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Analysis of the cell cycle showed two things; 1) that grape seed and green tea were apoptotic in HeLa and MCF7 cells only, and 2) the extracts of green tea and green rooibos, and the combinations of grape seed with all drug compounds arrested the cell in more than one phase of the cell cycle. The combinations of grapeseed and green tea potentially induced apoptosis in various manners but those with both rooibos extracts were unclear in all the cell lines. The results for combinations with grapeseed and green tea are promising and provide a basis for further research as combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs and herbal extracts may be effective therapeutic strategies.]]> Fri 14 Jun 2024 11:23:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73382 Fri 14 Jun 2024 09:29:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73890 Fri 05 Jul 2024 15:55:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73882 Fri 05 Jul 2024 15:06:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73872 Fri 05 Jul 2024 14:39:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73866 Fri 05 Jul 2024 14:18:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73863 Fri 05 Jul 2024 13:56:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73836 Fri 05 Jul 2024 11:42:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73835 Fri 05 Jul 2024 11:21:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:73819 Fri 05 Jul 2024 09:58:24 SAST ]]>