https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65852 Wed 19 Jul 2023 13:49:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11652 Wed 12 May 2021 23:39:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11656 Wed 12 May 2021 23:39:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11205 Wed 12 May 2021 22:43:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26541 Wed 12 May 2021 22:38:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11711 Wed 12 May 2021 22:29:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11583 0.05) from all homogenous vegetation units of Peddie rangeland. However, the soil fertility increased with an increase in bush density except organic carbon (OC) which was 1.61% in grassland, 1.46% in scattered and 1.53% in dense bushland respectively. Soil N, K, P, Mg2+ Na+, Ca2+, Cu, Zn, Mn and pH were significantly higher (p<0.05) in dense bushland than grassland and scattered bushland. High soil fertility in dense bushland may be attributed to by abscission of woody plants and litter decomposition. In the soil seed bank, the abundances of forbs were significantly higher than sedges (χ2 = 12, df = 1, p = 0.001) and grasses (χ2 = 8.333, df = 1, p = 0.004) in all homogenous vegetation units while sedges were not significantly different (χ2 = 3, df = 1, p = 0.083) from grasses. The Sorensen‟s index indicated that soil seed bank and extant vegetation were significantly different (p<0.05). Annual and biennial forbs and sedges had high abundances while perennial grasses formed a bulk in above ground vegetation. This provided an insight that a reliance on soil seed bank for restoration of Peddie rangeland would not be advisable because it can result in retrogression. The communal rangeland assessment provided clear qualitative and quantitative data when the combination of indigenous knowledge and scientific assessments was done. The rationale is that conclusions and recommendations of range assessment are relient on the farmer‟s perceptions pertinent to their livestock production systems and their rangeland management objectives. This study has shown that inclusion of communal farmers in policy making can provide better insight because those are the people experiencing the consequences of range degradation.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:23:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11650 Wed 12 May 2021 22:22:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26543 Wed 12 May 2021 20:34:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26523 Wed 12 May 2021 20:33:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11784 Wed 12 May 2021 20:33:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26537 Wed 12 May 2021 20:02:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16203 Wed 12 May 2021 19:58:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11698 Wed 12 May 2021 19:57:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11681 Wed 12 May 2021 19:44:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11661 Wed 12 May 2021 19:40:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11468 Wed 12 May 2021 19:40:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11196 Wed 12 May 2021 19:39:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11219 Wed 12 May 2021 19:35:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11688 Wed 12 May 2021 19:26:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11660 Wed 12 May 2021 19:19:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11325 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11737 Wed 12 May 2021 18:59:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26532 Wed 12 May 2021 18:55:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11557 Wed 12 May 2021 18:37:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11905 Wed 12 May 2021 18:33:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16188 Wed 12 May 2021 18:23:24 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11543 Wed 12 May 2021 17:45:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11693 Wed 12 May 2021 17:38:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11686 Wed 12 May 2021 17:30:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11474 Wed 12 May 2021 17:29:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11914 Wed 12 May 2021 17:28:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11573 Wed 12 May 2021 17:05:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11444 Wed 12 May 2021 16:42:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11198 Wed 12 May 2021 16:40:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11712 Wed 12 May 2021 16:39:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11139 Wed 12 May 2021 16:37:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11561 Wed 12 May 2021 16:28:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11272 Wed 12 May 2021 16:18:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11498 Wed 12 May 2021 16:07:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16201 Wed 12 May 2021 16:07:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11908 Wed 12 May 2021 16:01:46 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11195 Wed 12 May 2021 15:45:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11839 Wed 12 May 2021 15:44:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40959 Wed 12 May 2021 14:33:12 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40968 Wed 12 May 2021 13:46:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11202 Thu 13 May 2021 10:30:13 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11204 Thu 13 May 2021 08:46:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11694 Thu 13 May 2021 08:17:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11140 Thu 13 May 2021 08:14:35 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11703 Thu 13 May 2021 07:37:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11515 Thu 13 May 2021 07:37:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11671 Thu 13 May 2021 07:36:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11585 15-35) and heavy invasions (>35% shrub cover) of E. floribundus. The average household size in the study area was 6.8± 0.7. All people in the three communal areas unanimously ranked sheep as the most important species for their livelihood, but the ranking of cattle and goat varied among the communal areas. All elder groups agreed that Europs floribundus decreases both the quantity and quality of herbaceous forage as well as livestock production. Moreover, invaded patches create more bare areas which are responsible for the loss of top fertile soils and the formation of rills and gullies. The result showed that the total density of E. floribundus significantly increased from the topland (2301 plants ha-1) moving to the bottomland (4888 plants ha-1). Canopy cover was significantly lowest in the topland (17.9%), but the remaining gradients had similar cover. Grass dry matter yield was higher in the bottomlands and sloppy gradients than the toplands. Soil organic carbon was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the flat than the sloppy terrain. Soils from higher elevations (toplands and upper sloppy) had significantly higher N than the lower elevations (bottomlands and Middle sloppy). The lowest dry matter was observed at low invasion and non-invaded sites. Soil chemical properties were generally different from all density levels. In conclusion, E. floribundus encroachment was found to be major cause of decline in the peoples’ livelihood because as this reduces the vegetation diversity and livestock production, both of which are the major of their livelihoods.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 07:26:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26497 Thu 13 May 2021 07:23:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11828 Thu 13 May 2021 07:17:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11706 Thu 13 May 2021 07:05:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26509 Thu 13 May 2021 06:53:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11919 Thu 13 May 2021 06:49:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11695 Thu 13 May 2021 06:43:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11675 Thu 13 May 2021 06:43:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11465 Thu 13 May 2021 06:40:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11141 Thu 13 May 2021 06:33:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11365 Thu 13 May 2021 06:01:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11396 Thu 13 May 2021 05:56:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11654 Thu 13 May 2021 05:49:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26498 Thu 13 May 2021 05:49:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11366 Thu 13 May 2021 05:44:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11879 Thu 13 May 2021 05:25:43 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11483 Thu 13 May 2021 05:13:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11870 Thu 13 May 2021 05:01:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16192 Thu 13 May 2021 04:52:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16199 Thu 13 May 2021 04:18:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11307 Thu 13 May 2021 04:15:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11903 Thu 13 May 2021 04:14:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11479 Thu 13 May 2021 04:10:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11827 0.05) increase in the poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of pork from MOLM fed pigs. The possible reason for this is that the feeding of MOLM was commenced when the pigs were at an advanced age and weight. The survey revealed that the majority of interviewed students consume fresh (39.7%) and processed (32.4%) pork two to three times a week, perceive pork to be generally healthy (70%) and the second most healthy meat type (39.5%). While the majority (55.4%) were aware of the health implications of FAs they did not know which FA classes pose more of a health risk (51.3%). In conclusion2.5% and 5% of MOLM in finisher pig feed did not negatively affect FCE, carcass characteristics or physico-chemical meat quality; significantly improved pork shelf life and reduced total IMF and SFA content of pork but 7.5% MOLM negatively affected FCE; and the majority of students perceive pork to be the second most healthy type of meat and are generally aware of the health implications of FAs.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 04:03:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11687 Thu 13 May 2021 04:03:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11715 Thu 13 May 2021 03:43:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11442 Thu 13 May 2021 03:41:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26496 Thu 13 May 2021 03:33:32 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16194 Thu 13 May 2021 03:32:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11904 Thu 13 May 2021 03:16:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11705 Thu 13 May 2021 03:16:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11476 Thu 13 May 2021 03:13:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11691 Thu 13 May 2021 03:11:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11708 Thu 13 May 2021 02:28:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11946 Thu 13 May 2021 01:48:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11659 Thu 13 May 2021 01:38:21 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11432 Thu 13 May 2021 01:33:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11308 Thu 13 May 2021 01:19:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11343 Thu 13 May 2021 01:13:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16191 Thu 13 May 2021 01:12:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11393 Thu 13 May 2021 01:03:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11717 Thu 13 May 2021 00:51:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11309 Zn (1.259) > Pb (0.564) > Mn (0.186) > Cu (0.037) in Pond 1 whereas in Pond 2 Fe (61.527) > Cd (0.999) > Mn (0.648) > Pb (0.586) > Zn (0.156) > Cu (0.045). The highest concentration of Fe was detected in both sites and Cu being the least. The concentrations of the metals in the plants sample (from Pond 1) were found in order of Mn > Pb > Cu > Fe whereas cadmium and zinc were not detected, while the concentration in Pond 2 decreases in order of Zn > Mn > Pb > Cd > Fe > Cu. In the water samples, concentrations of heavy metals (mg/L) decreased in the order of their average concentrations as follows: Pb (35.36) > Fe (3.07) > Mn (0.238) > Cu (0.104), both cadmium and zinc were below the limit of detection in Pond 1, whereas in Pond 2 the concentrations decreased as follows: Pb (13.033) >Fe (1.69) > Cu (0.270) > Mn (0.248) > Cd (0.004) and Zinc was not detected. Phytochemical analyses of the plant extracts revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, flavonols, saponins, alkaloid and tannins in all the extracts (water, acetone and n-hexane). Both acetone and water extracts, showed high concentration of proanthocyanidin, while tannin was the lowest in acetone extract. Antimicrobial evaluation using, Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Serratia marcescens) bacteria showed negative results for all the strain, except Streptococcus pyogenes which was inhibited at MIC of 0.1 mg/ml. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of ultra-structure of Egeria densa, showed that certain bacteria attached to the leaf, However more work has to be done on E. densa to verify the mechanism by which it accumulates heavy metals. The study shows that E. densa has a potential of accumulating heavy metals especial Manganese in plant.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 00:47:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26522 Thu 13 May 2021 00:23:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11597 Thu 13 May 2021 00:16:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11664 Thu 13 May 2021 00:04:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62804 Fri 24 Mar 2023 13:34:17 SAST ]]>