https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39737 Wed 12 May 2021 23:37:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39519 Wed 12 May 2021 23:35:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33427 Wed 12 May 2021 23:18:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29259 Wed 12 May 2021 23:15:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39414 Wed 12 May 2021 23:11:15 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28471 Wed 12 May 2021 23:08:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28526 Wed 12 May 2021 22:49:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34271 Wed 12 May 2021 22:42:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29013 Wed 12 May 2021 22:41:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33128 Wed 12 May 2021 22:18:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27608 Wed 12 May 2021 20:27:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32058 Wed 12 May 2021 20:26:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39106 Wed 12 May 2021 20:21:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35091 Wed 12 May 2021 20:17:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33137 Wed 12 May 2021 20:15:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34368 0.05) among the varieties. The highest fresh biomass yields were observed in PAN 888 variety was 13400 kg/ha, King had 12600 kg/ha and PAN 868 had 12600 kg/ha. The dry matter yield observed in PAN 888 was 4300.00 DM kg/ha, PAN 868 had 3633.33 DM kg/ha and King yielded 3533.33 DM kg/ha. The different sorghum varieties showed a significant (P<0.01) difference in some chemical composition parameters namely DM, NDIN and NSC. The different sorghum varieties had significant difference (P<0.01) in the silage fermentation parameters of pH, starch and lactic acid. The sorghum silage varieties were significantly (P<0.01) different in the starch fermentation with values of 0.001percent. The sorghum silage varieties were significant different for fermentation of lactic acid with values ranging from 1.99 to 2.62percent. However, PAN 868 and PAN 888 were not different from each other. Similarly, all varieties were different (P<0.05) in the pH with values ranging from 4.16 to 4.53. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in CP, Fat, NDF, ADF, Hemicellulose, Ash, and ADIN content of the silages. The mineral composition (macro and micro) of the silage were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the varieties. In conclusion, the dry matter production and nutrient content of the three forage sorghum varieties were not significantly different. The silage fermentation quality showed significant (P<0.05) differences among the three sorghum varieties. Therefore, according to the results of this study PAN 888 is the recommended variety to grow in the semi-arid region of the Eastern Cape.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:09:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39800 Wed 12 May 2021 20:04:05 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33439 Wed 12 May 2021 19:55:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29028 Wed 12 May 2021 19:38:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34795 Wed 12 May 2021 19:32:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39388 Wed 12 May 2021 19:30:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27619 Wed 12 May 2021 19:28:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39846 Wed 12 May 2021 19:27:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39468 Wed 12 May 2021 19:27:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39472 Wed 12 May 2021 19:27:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29231 Wed 12 May 2021 19:26:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34288 Wed 12 May 2021 19:23:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29315 Wed 12 May 2021 19:05:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29283 Wed 12 May 2021 18:55:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34445 Wed 12 May 2021 18:21:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39661 Wed 12 May 2021 18:02:29 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29521 Cu>Hg>Pb. The Pb and Hg mean concentration was recorded above permissible limits, while the Mn and Cu were within the normal range suggested by WHO. In both water and Acacia karroo samples the Cu was not detected. The trend of metal concentration in water sample was found to be in this order Hg> Mn > Pb> Cu, while in Acacia karroo metal concentration is Hg> Mn> Pb> Cu. The one-way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean concentration of selected metals in each sampling site. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean concentrations of selected metals; this is supported by the value of F-static and p-value (p <0.05)]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:59:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34352 Wed 12 May 2021 17:57:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35211 drum biochar> control. Also, the two maize biochar types significantly (p< 0.05) increased the release of cations namely Ca, Mg and Na however, some decrease in nutrient concentrations were observed due to increase in pH levels at the later stage of the study. Biochar incorporation increased extractable P release from 30- 40 mg P/kg to an average range of between 120- 160 mg P/kg across all soil types. A glasshouse study was also conducted investigating the effect of different biochar rates of the two maize biochar types used in the previous studies on early maize growth and nutrient uptake, same soil types were used as those in the incubation study. Biochar was applied at application rates of 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg C/ha of biochar. The glasshouse experiment consisted of two cycles, each with a six week period of monitoring maize seedling growth development. Generally, a significant increase in maize growth parameters such as plant height, stem girth, number of leaves and leaf area increased after biochar additions compared to the control. Both biochars significantly improved maize seedling growth at an application rate of 200 kg C/haHowever, the two biochar types displayed varying impacts on maize growth due to influence of soil type and biochar application rates. Nutrient- uptake of Ca, P, Na and Mg showed to improve at an application rate of 200 kg C/ha for both biochar types showing a 50 percent increase compared to the control. Nutrient- uptake patterns for P, Ca, Mg and Na differed across all soil types, mainly due to changes in pH and Na levels which were influenced by increased biochar concentrations resulting in nutrient deficiency. Another glasshouse experiment aimed at investigating the effects on the two maize biochar types on influencing the effectiveness of both organic and inorganic fertilizers for improved early maize growth and soil productivity. Biochar was applied at an application rate of 400 kg C/ha of biochar, fertilizer was applied at application rates of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg N/ha and manure at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t/ha respectively. The glasshouse experiment consisted of two cycles, each with a six week period of monitoring maize seedling growth development. In the 1st cycle, manure rate of 40 t/ha resulted in the highest plant height of maize seedlings grown in the glasshouse, biochar type also showed to influence plant height. After the 1st harvest Mg, K and P levels improved at 30 t/ha, Na at 20 t/ha and Ca 40 t/ha of manure. Plant height and stem girth improved at 30 kg N/ha of fertilizer, however, nutrient levels for Ca, K and Mg decreased after the 1st harvest, while Na levels increased. Nutrient uptake was the highest for Mg and Na at 40 kg N/ha while for Ca at 30 kg N/ha of fertilizer. During the 2nd cycle plant height was the highest at 30 t/ha of manure, and effect of manure rate was significant (p<0.05) for number of leaves, plant height and biomass. Whereas, manure rate and biochar type effect were insignificant (p>0.05) for pH, Ec and nutrient uptake changes. Maize seedling showed significant response to fertilizer 40 kg N/ha for most of the growth parameters measured (P<0.05), except for germination percentage. All treatments investigated had no effect on germination percentage. The two biochar types showed significant (p<0.05) effects on soil pH and Ec. Drum biochar was slightly better performing than pit biochar. Results obtained from the various studies suggests that maize biochars derived from the pit and drum pyrolytic systems are potential soil amendments in correcting soil acidity and nutrient deficiency in the EC Province. Both biochar types have shown abilities to improve early maize growth and effectiveness of fertilizers in maize based systems of the EC Province. However, some variations in soil fertility and early maize growth were observed as a result of the soil type response towards the two biochar applications. This could also have risen as a result of a number of factors such as the nutritional composition of biochar material, initial soil type chemical composition, biochar and fertilizer application rates and time taken or period to complete each study. Therefore, further experiments should be conducted to validate these results, preferable having longer periods of study, moreover, field experiments. In addition, investigations on potential feedstock materials such as animal wastes used as biochar in the EC Province can be conducted.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:55:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29730 Wed 12 May 2021 17:49:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33180 Wed 12 May 2021 17:47:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31448 Wed 12 May 2021 17:44:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28750 Wed 12 May 2021 17:31:50 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28509 Wed 12 May 2021 17:27:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39703 Wed 12 May 2021 17:12:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33599 Wed 12 May 2021 17:10:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29054 Wed 12 May 2021 16:47:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35648 Wed 12 May 2021 16:43:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28502 Wed 12 May 2021 16:40:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39084 Wed 12 May 2021 16:32:53 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33488 Wed 12 May 2021 16:21:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39113 Wed 12 May 2021 16:13:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35445 Wed 12 May 2021 16:08:03 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32834 Wed 12 May 2021 16:06:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31826 Wed 12 May 2021 15:58:16 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29395 Wed 12 May 2021 15:54:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31282 Wed 12 May 2021 15:49:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33667 Wed 12 May 2021 15:47:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40459 Wed 12 May 2021 15:09:52 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40712 Wed 12 May 2021 15:04:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40507 Wed 12 May 2021 14:54:47 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40255 Wed 12 May 2021 14:53:38 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40607 0.05) and values of >0.20 were recorded in 40 percent (108/277) of all the isolates. The resistant genes ampC, blaOXA, tetA, tetM, dfr1, sul1, sul2, ermB, nptII and strA were detected in two or more Vibrio isolates while the SXT intergrase was detected only in one isolate. Seven of the 18 extreme drug resistant isolates possessed 1–3 plasmids of 1.5–10 kb range. A total of 321 presumptive Staphylococcus aureus isolates were recovered by culture out of which 202 (62.9 percent ) were identified as S. aureus by PCR. Of these, 33 (16.3 percent ) strains were mecA positive while the rest, 169 (83.7 percent ) were mecA negative. The sensitivity and specificity of MRSA detection by use of cefoxitin disc (30 μg) test was 93.9 percent and 91.7 percent , that for oxacillin screen agar test (6 μg/mL) was 81.8 percent and 92.3 percent while that of BrillianceTM MRSATM 2 agar was 87.9 percent and 94.1 percent respectively. Staphylococcal enterotoxin SEE was detected in 12.1 percent (4/33) of total strains followed by SEA 3.0 percent (1/33), and SEC 3.0 percent (1/33). SEB and SED were absent. Six of the isolates had the PVL gene, giving a prevalence of 18.2 percent . The most frequently detected SCCmec type was SCCmec type III (17/33; 51.5 percent ), closely followed by SCCmec subtype IVc (10/33; 30.3 percent ) and the least were SCCmec types I and II with only 3.0 percent (1/33) each. The rest four (4/33; 12.1 percent ) did not belong to any of the above types and were therefore considered to belong to other subtypes of SCCmec type IV not tested in the study. For antibiogram patterns, 12 (36.4 percent ) strains were resistant to doxycyline, 10 (30.3 percent ) to trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole, 9 (27.3 percent ) to tetracycline and only 1 (3.0 percent ) strain was resistant to ciprofloxacin. Nineteen (57.6 percent ) of the MRSA strains had vancomycin MIC of ≤ 2 μg/mL, 4 (12.1 percent ) with MIC range of 4-8 μg/mL, and 10 (30.3 percent ) with values ≥ 16 μg/mL. Overall, 27 (91.percent) isolates showed simultaneous resistance to 3 or more antibiotics. The resistant genes tetM, tetA, ermB, BlaZ femA were detected in two or more strains resistant to various antimicrobials. Resistance to rifampicin was not caused by mutations in the rpoB gene. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first study reporting a broad, and diverse bacteria flora of skin, gill, and gut of the South African dusky kob as well as the first study on human pathogenic vibrios, and MRSA from marine finfish especially those from recirculatory aquaculture systems. Also, our study revealed that Vibrio species with pathogenic potential are present in marine dusky kob and its environs. Dusky kob is contaminated with CA- MRSA and HA- MRSA that may cause difficult to treat infections with regular antibiotics. Some of the MRSA strains contained toxins that can cause food-borne gastroeneteritis. The present study revealed that MRSA and Vibrio species are potential reservoirs for antibiotic resistant genes, which could be disseminated to other bacterial species probably through plasmids, a public health risk.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 14:37:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40132 Wed 12 May 2021 14:24:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40606 Wed 12 May 2021 14:20:28 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40184 Wed 12 May 2021 14:16:58 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31345 Thu 13 May 2021 17:02:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33580 Thu 13 May 2021 14:55:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31530 Thu 13 May 2021 13:09:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34222 Thu 13 May 2021 09:32:33 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39361 Thu 13 May 2021 08:22:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33615 Thu 13 May 2021 08:21:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39316 Thu 13 May 2021 07:30:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31325 Thu 13 May 2021 07:29:22 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28483 Thu 13 May 2021 07:24:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28435 Thu 13 May 2021 07:00:42 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29186 Thu 13 May 2021 06:45:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34305 Thu 13 May 2021 06:41:17 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32310 Thu 13 May 2021 06:06:19 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39301 Thu 13 May 2021 06:01:02 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32558 Thu 13 May 2021 05:59:37 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30764 0.05). Virulence factors are important for the pathogenesis of H. pylori. All the 48 clinical isolates were glmM (140 bp) positive and cagA was detected in 97.9 percent of the test isolates. The vacA gene was detected in all isolates but with different subtypes. The vacA allelic combination s1m1 was detected in 75 percent of the test isolates and s1m2 allelic combination was detected in 16.7 percent of the test isolates while the combination s2m2 was detected in 8.3 percent of the test isolates. None of the test isolates possessed the allelic combination s2m1. When H. pylori multiplication was monitored under acidic conditions in the presence of anti-urease active compounds, it was revealed that anti-urease active compounds in honey are capable of inhibiting the normal multiplication of H. pylori strains that are cagA positive, vacA positive and drug resistant. The GC-MS analysis showed that Fleures honey (urease I percent = 67.8 – 68.5 percent) and Gold Crest honey (urease I percent = 50.9 percent – 53.3 percent), all petroleum ether extracts had 27 and 26 volatile compounds. The hexane extract of Manuka honey (urease I percent = 50.0 – 53.2) had 43 compounds detected. The chloroform extract of Q Bee (urease I percent = 64.2 – 66.2 percent) had 13 volatile compounds detected. All the volatile compounds considered as representative samples of GC-MS analysis had a spectral matching ≥ 90 percent with the NIST11 library. However, the majority of compounds that were detected by LC-MS in representative honey extracts include vardenafil, urapidil, hydrocortisone, e.t.c which are drugs commonly used in the treatment of different ailments or infections that affect human beings. In addition, two xi drugs, sulfaquinoxaline and hydroxyquinoline which are used in veterinary medicine and antiseptic, disinfectant and pesticide applications in agricultural activities were detected in Little Bee honey. We therefore conclude that inhibition of urease has a bactericidal effect on drug resistant, cagA positive and vacA positive H. pylori strains growing under acidic environment.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:55:10 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39087 Thu 13 May 2021 05:53:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39658 Thu 13 May 2021 05:49:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29488 Thu 13 May 2021 05:39:34 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30798 Thu 13 May 2021 05:31:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37199 Thu 13 May 2021 05:26:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29313 Thu 13 May 2021 05:24:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28915 Thu 13 May 2021 05:23:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34221 Thu 13 May 2021 05:01:57 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34183 Thu 13 May 2021 04:37:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31624 Thu 13 May 2021 04:33:23 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28510 Thu 13 May 2021 04:21:14 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34353 Thu 13 May 2021 03:53:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28487 Thu 13 May 2021 01:54:36 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39079 Thu 13 May 2021 01:44:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39471 Thu 13 May 2021 01:29:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33431 Thu 13 May 2021 01:20:00 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28240 Thu 13 May 2021 01:16:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39117 Thu 13 May 2021 01:10:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29180 Thu 13 May 2021 01:05:55 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39118 Thu 13 May 2021 01:05:27 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33166 Thu 13 May 2021 00:20:06 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39099 0.05) sperm concentration (1.20 ± 3.68x109 sperm/ml) than the EE samples (1.11 ± 3.51x109 sperm/ml). The percentage live sperm in the fresh semen samples did not differ among Namaqua Afrikaner (67.76 ± 1.94percent), Dohne Merino (68.59 ± 1.94percent) and Dorper (72.82 ± 1.98percent) rams. The percentage live sperm for all three breeds dropped considerably after freezing to 17.76 ± 2.03percent, 17.86 ± 2.03percent and 22.72 ± 2.07percent respectively. It remained constant for all the breeds from 7 until 90 days after freezing, indicating that length of storage should not have an effect on percentage live sperm for semen collected via AV or EE. Percentage live sperm of the frozen-thawed semen of the Namaqua rams was lower than that of the Dorper rams, indicating that the Namaqua semen collected via EE did not freeze as well as that of the Dorper semen. In conclusion, neither fresh nor frozen-thawed Dorper and Dohne Merino semen collected via EE did differ significantly. Furthermore, except for semen volume, Dorper and Dohne Merino semen collected via AV did not differ significantly whether evaluated as fresh or frozen-thawed semen. However, both Dorper and Dohne Merino rams produced semen with higher motility and a higher percentage live sperm post-thaw when the semen samples were collected via an AV than via EE. From these results it can therefore be postulated that if Namaqua semen were collected via AV it could have a higher post-thaw percentage live sperm than if semen was collected via EE. Advanced further studies are necessary to investigate the reason for the lower post-thaw survival rate of sperm of the Namaqua Afrikaner rams. This is necessary as semen stored in a cryobank for breeding and conservation purposes for this endangered breed has to be of high quality. Such resources as cryobanks are expensive and funds cannot be wasted on preserving inferior samples that could not fertilize an ovum when needed. The low percentage of live sperm obtained with the frozen-thawed samples in this, as well as other studies on indigenous breeds, is an indication that further research is needed into more suitable freezing protocols. It can be concluded that Namaqua Afrikaner semen cannot be frozen successfully for the purpose of storage in a cryobank, when using a freezing protocol based on Triladyl® as extender. Furthermore, any increase in post-thaw survival rate of sperm will be beneficial and it is therefore suggested that all efforts be made to solve the problem of the Namaqua Afrikaner rams that do not want to ejaculate into an artificial vagina.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 00:06:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66011 Fri 28 Jul 2023 14:38:03 SAST ]]>