https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:47143 Wed 23 Feb 2022 12:09:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51018 Wed 22 Jun 2022 13:41:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10349 Wed 12 May 2021 22:25:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11256 Wed 12 May 2021 22:23:09 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11273 Wed 12 May 2021 19:48:08 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26461 5% per liver weight in all treated groups. The present study demonstrates that these two plant extracts and metformin have different glucogenic and lipogenic effects from that presented by HFD alone when compared to the LFD alone. In conclusion, metformin and P. africana extract can attenuate HFD‐induced fatty liver without changing the dietary habits. Hence S. frutescens extract is less effective in the prevention of HFD‐induced fatty liver. A change in the dietary habits is recommended to be considered during the use of these three remedies in the treatment of HFD‐induced insulin resistance and fatty liver. All three treatments enhanced antioxidant capacity, and may improve insulin resistance and fatty liver mediated by the present HFD through different mechanism of actions in the liver.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:40:44 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3859 Wed 12 May 2021 19:39:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11242 Wed 12 May 2021 19:18:56 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11241 Wed 12 May 2021 18:44:40 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11334 Wed 12 May 2021 16:52:39 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11297 Wed 12 May 2021 15:55:31 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40017 methanol extract> hexane extract> acetone extract. The hatching of nauplii was in a concentration dependent fashion, with hatching success decreasing with increase in concentration of extracts. Lethality of extracts determined based on Meyerʼs index of toxicity, showed that the acetone and hexane extracts of V. karroo were moderately toxic. The results of this study indicated that aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vachellia karroo pods were not toxic, therefore supporting its traditional therapeutic usage. This implies that rather than discard x the pods as is waste as it being currently done, Vachellia karroo pods could be salvaged and processed along with the leaves, thus reducing environmental pollution. Proximate parameters (moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, proteins, and carbohydrate) were evaluated using ALASA methods, and elemental analysis by ICP-OES technique. Nutritional analysis showed that V. karroo pods had low content of crude fat and high content of crude fibre, ash, crude protein, and carbohydrate sufficient to meet the recommended dietary allowances. The pods were rich in major minerals Ca, K, P and Mg, with sufficient amount of trace elements Na, Fe, Zn, and Cu. The outcome of this study suggests that Vachellia karroo pods have good nutritional potentials to support or complement the recommended dietary allowance and could be a cheap source of essential nutrients that could help in ameliorating most nutritional challenges as well as contribute remarkably to the amount of nutrient intake in human and animal diets.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:01:01 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:45347 0.05 evaluated for potential toxicity were categorised as toxic, but Albizia amara, Datura stramonium and Ricinus communis were categorised as having medium toxicity levels, nine species as having low toxicity levels while 13 species were categorised as non-toxic. This study provides valuable insights into the use of medicinal plants used by women during pregnancy, labour, delivery and post-delivery in Makoni District, Zimbabwe. Medicinal plants play an integral role in the provision of basic health care in Zimbabwe. However, the brine shrimp lethality test results categorised some of the prescribed species such as Albizia amara, Datura stramonium and Ricinus communis as having medium levels of toxicity and this is a cause of concern regarding utilization of TMPs during pregnancy. Therefore, TMPs used during pregnancy should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological experiments aimed at identifying some of the potential toxic compounds and side effects associated with intake of TMPs and associated herbal products.]]> Tue 23 Nov 2021 12:59:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46340 Tue 08 Feb 2022 15:33:41 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52755 Tue 05 Jul 2022 15:13:11 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10309 Thu 13 May 2021 10:44:30 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10339 Thu 13 May 2021 07:36:07 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11278 10 mg/ml for the aqueous extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranges of the extracts were 0.625–10 mg/ml for both the n-hexane and the dichloromethane extract; 5-10 mg/ml for the methanol extract; and those for the aqueous extract were above 10 mg/ml against all the susceptible Listeria isolates. The rate of kill analysis was then determined for the three most active crude extracts that is excluding the aqueous extract and it was assessed against four representative Listeria species namely L. monocytogenes (LAL 8), L. grayi (LAL 15), L. ivanovii (LEL 30) and L. ivanovii (LEL 18). All the three extracts showed a general trend of being concentration and time dependent in their rate of kill profiles such that most bacteria cells were killed at the highest test concentration of 4× MIC value after the maximum exposure time of 2 h. The n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts were bactericidal against 4, 3 and 1 isolates out of the four test Listeria isolates respectively.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:09:04 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10316 125 μg/ml. These results suggest that the extract may be selective for specific cell types. Bio-assay guided fractionation of the S. ellipticum ethanolic extract yielded two active fractions; chloroform and ethyl acetate. Two compounds isolated from the chloroform extract were screened against the three cancer cell lines and found to be inactive. Three compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and revealed IC50 values < 62.5 and < 31 μg/ml against MCF-7. Unfortunately these two compounds soon lost activity before any further work could be done on them and work was continued with the crude extract.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:53:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21001 Thu 13 May 2021 05:30:49 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10344 Thu 13 May 2021 05:08:20 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3865 Thu 13 May 2021 05:01:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10322 Thu 13 May 2021 03:37:18 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11259 Thu 13 May 2021 03:10:48 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11331 Thu 13 May 2021 01:11:51 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11336 Thu 13 May 2021 00:09:45 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69686 Mon 13 Nov 2023 12:10:26 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52968 Mon 11 Jul 2022 12:45:54 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62662 Fri 17 Mar 2023 15:26:25 SAST ]]> https://vital.seals.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:64249 100 μg/ml) while the LC50 for Z. mucronata subsp. mucronata equaled 90.27 µg/ml indicated a low level of toxicity. The effects of combining the crude extracts of these plants with eight antibiotics were investigated by means of checkerboard and agar diffusion methods. On using the methanol extract of A. mearnsii, the agar diffusion assay showed that extract-kanamycin combination had zones of inhibition ≥ 20 ± 1.0 mm in all the bacteria tested (100percent), followed by extract chloramphenicol (90percent) > extract-ciprofloxacin = extract-tetracycline (70percent) > extract amoxicillin (60percent) > extract-nalidixic acid (50percent) > extract-erythromycin (40percent) > extract metronidazole (20percent). The checkerboard showed synergistic interaction (61.25percent), additivity/indifference (23.75percent) and antagonistic (15percent) effects. I, therefore, concluded that the antibacterial potentials of the antibiotics were improved and combining natural products with antibiotic could be a potential source of resistance-modifying agents useful against multi-drug resistant bacteria. The influences of these extracts on the ultrastructures, elemental components, protein and lipid leakages of five different bacteria were determined as the possible mechanisms of action of the extracts investigated. The scanning electron microscopy indicated varied ultrastructural changes in the morphology of bacterial cells treated with the extracts. The X-ray microanalysis showed significant differences between the elemental contents of extract-treated and untreated bacteria while lipids and proteins were leaked to a great extent from the extract-treated bacterial strains in comparison with the untreated ones. The possible mechanisms of action of the extracts may include inhibition of a significant step in peptidoglycan assembly, inhibition of metabolic processes, disruption of cell wall and cell membranes resulting in the efflux of lipid and protein in all the bacteria tested. The possible mechanism of action involved in the lipid and protein leakages in the bacterial cells could be attributed to lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation owing to the antioxidant activities of the extracts that were active beyond the protective levels. I concluded that the morphological changes and the observed leakages showed rapid killing, significant membrane depolarization resulting in leakages and efflux of disintegrated cellular materials. In general, this study has justified the ethnotherapeutic importance of A. mearnsii and Z. mucronata subsp. mucronata in the treatment of microbial infections by indicating the possible mechanisms of action of the crude extracts on the tested bacteria.]]> Fri 12 May 2023 15:13:04 SAST ]]>